Active power coordination control system for cascade hydropower stations under joint reservoir operation

Abstract

This invention discloses a coordinated control system for the active power of cascade hydropower stations under joint reservoir scheduling, belonging to the field of cascade hydropower station scheduling technology. Through a three-dimensional visualization model generation module, this invention can display the topography, structure, operating status, and environmental factors of the hydropower station in real time, ensuring that water resource scheduling decisions fully consider the actual geographical and environmental conditions of the hydropower station. Secondly, the combination of a hydrological data acquisition module and a scheduling optimization module supports real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of hydrological data, thereby achieving more precise scheduling optimization. A comprehensive evaluation module integrates multiple factors such as resource utilization efficiency, environmental impact, and operational efficiency, providing a comprehensive evaluation mechanism. This comprehensive evaluation mechanism not only improves the problem of traditional systems neglecting environmental impact but also effectively optimizes scheduling strategies, balancing the relationship between power production and ecological protection. This ensures the dynamic coordinated control of hydropower stations under different environmental conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cascade hydropower station dispatching technology, specifically to a coordinated control system for active power of cascade hydropower stations under joint reservoir dispatching. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional cascade hydropower station systems have some significant shortcomings in the joint operation of reservoirs, which to some extent affect the optimal allocation of water resources and the efficiency of power generation. The operation and management of traditional cascade hydropower stations mainly rely on static models and empirical rules, lacking the ability for real-time dynamic adjustment. Specifically, these shortcomings include:

[0003] Traditional hydropower station dispatching often focuses on power generation and water resource utilization, with insufficient consideration given to the impact on the ecological environment and aquatic ecosystems. Reservoir dispatching operations can negatively affect the downstream ecological environment, such as impacting fish migration routes and water quality changes, but traditional systems often lack effective mechanisms to monitor and assess these ecological impacts. Traditional hydropower station dispatching systems typically lack comprehensive evaluation mechanisms, failing to fully consider factors such as resource utilization efficiency, environmental impact, and operational efficiency. The lack of comprehensive evaluation and optimization mechanisms means that dispatching decisions may overlook the overall system performance and sustainability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a coordinated control system for the active power of cascade hydropower stations under the joint scheduling of reservoirs, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a coordinated control system for the active power of cascade hydropower stations under joint reservoir operation, comprising,

[0006] The 3D visualization model generation module is used to sort the hydropower stations by gradient based on their geographical location and altitude, generate gradient sorting data, and collect and generate 3D visualization models of each hydropower station and its basin. This model displays the topography, structure, operating status, and environmental factors of the hydropower stations, sequentially showing the 3D models of the cascade hydropower stations from upstream to downstream. It also collects and obtains datasets of geographical location, altitude, water flow path, reservoir capacity and water level, environment, equipment configuration, hydropower station operation, ecologically sensitive areas, and gradient sorting data, and summarizes them to obtain a real-time data set.

[0007] The hydrological data acquisition module is used to monitor and record the hydrological data of each cascade hydropower station in real time, including water level H, water flow velocity Q, inflow I and sediment concentration S, and generate the first data set.

[0008] The scheduling optimization module is used to calculate and obtain the scheduling index Ddzs of each cascade hydropower station based on the first data set. ij In order to optimize water resource allocation;

[0009] The power demand forecasting module is used to predict the load changes and active power output of the power grid of each cascade hydropower station and generate a second data set.

[0010] The analysis module is used to extract features from the first data set, the second data set, and the real-time data set, including head height (stgd), flow rate change (Δll), and power output fluctuation (ΔP). out Total water resource loss W lose The energy efficiency ratio η and resource utilization efficiency RE are used to generate an operational efficiency index IE1, a scheduling strategy adaptability index IE2, and an environmental impact index IE3 through machine learning algorithms. These three indices are then correlated to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index IE. zh ;

[0011] The control module is used to preset the evaluation threshold X and compare the evaluation threshold X with the comprehensive evaluation index IE. zh Comparative evaluations are conducted to obtain evaluation results and dynamic coordinated control of the active power of cascade hydropower stations.

[0012] Preferably, the 3D visualization model generation module includes a geographic location acquisition unit, a poster height processing unit, a water flow path acquisition unit, a reservoir capacity and water level acquisition unit, an environmental condition monitoring unit, an equipment configuration acquisition unit, and a hydropower station operation data acquisition unit;

[0013] The geographic location acquisition unit is used to collect and process the geographic location data of each cascade hydropower station. The geographic location data includes the acquisition and processing of the latitude and longitude coordinates of the hydropower station, the geographical boundary of the basin, and related topographic data, and generates a geographic location dataset, which serves as the basic input for the generation of the 3D model to determine the relative position of each hydropower station within the basin.

[0014] The elevation processing unit is used to collect and process elevation information of each hydropower station, including the elevation of the dam crest, intake, and outlet, and generate an elevation dataset. This dataset is then combined with the geographic location dataset for gradient sorting and 3D model display.

[0015] The water flow path acquisition unit is responsible for collecting water flow path information from upstream to downstream within the watershed, including water flow direction and velocity change data, and generating water flow path datasets to optimize cascade sorting and dynamic water flow display in the 3D model;

[0016] The reservoir capacity and water level acquisition unit is used to collect the reservoir capacity and water level information of each reservoir, including the total reservoir capacity, current water level and historical water level change information, and generate reservoir capacity and water level datasets;

[0017] The environmental condition monitoring unit is used to collect environmental data in the basin and around each hydropower station. The environmental data includes climate conditions and ecological environment data, and generates an environmental dataset.

[0018] Climate conditions include temperature, wind speed, and evaporation rate;

[0019] Ecological and environmental data include vegetation coverage and the distribution of aquatic species;

[0020] The equipment configuration acquisition unit is used to collect equipment configuration information for each hydropower station, including the number, type, rated power, and installation method of the generating units; and to generate an equipment configuration dataset to display the equipment layout and operating status of the hydropower station in a 3D model;

[0021] The hydropower station operation data acquisition unit is used to collect real-time operation data of each hydropower station, including power generation, equipment operating status, maintenance records and efficiency parameters; and to generate a hydropower station operation dataset, which dynamically displays the operation status and power generation efficiency of the hydropower station in a 3D model.

[0022] Preferably, the 3D visualization model generation module also includes an ecologically sensitive area identification unit and a gradient sorting generation unit;

[0023] The ecologically sensitive area identification unit is used to collect information on ecologically sensitive areas within the watershed, including fish migration channels and wetland protection area data; and to generate an ecologically sensitive area dataset, and to identify these areas in a 3D model to ensure that ecological protection factors are considered in scheduling and operational decisions;

[0024] The gradient sorting generation unit is used to sort the hydropower stations in terms of gradient from high to low based on the data obtained from the altitude processing unit and the geolocation processing unit, generate gradient sorting data, optimize the scheduling order, and display the hydropower stations in sequence in the 3D model.

[0025] Preferably, the hydrological data acquisition module includes a first acquisition unit and a preprocessing unit;

[0026] The first data acquisition unit is used to collect water level data in real time from the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station by installing water level gauges inside the hydropower station, and to calculate the water level difference ΔH using the following formula. ij :

[0027] ΔH ij =H i -H j ;

[0028] In the formula, H i H is the water level value of the i-th cascade hydropower station. j It is the water level value of the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of the i-th cascade hydropower station;

[0029] The sediment concentration data of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station are collected in real time using flow velocity sensors, and the difference in water flow velocity ΔQ is calculated using the following formula. ij :

[0030] ΔQ ij =Q i -Q j ;

[0031] In the formula, Q i Q is the water flow velocity value of the i-th cascade hydropower station. j It is the water flow velocity of the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of the i-th cascade hydropower station;

[0032] The inflow data of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station are collected in real time using flow sensors, and the inflow difference ΔI is calculated using the following formula. ij :

[0033] ΔI ij =I i -I j ;

[0034] In the formula, I i I is the inflow of water to the i-th cascade hydropower station. j It is the inflow of water to the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of the i-th cascade hydropower station;

[0035] Sediment concentration data of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station are collected in real time using sediment concentration sensors, and the sediment concentration difference ΔS is calculated using the following formula. ij :

[0036] ΔS ij =S i -S j ;

[0037] In the formula, S i S is the sediment concentration of the i-th cascade hydropower station. j It is the sediment concentration of the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of the i-th cascade hydropower station;

[0038] The pretreatment unit is used to process the water level difference ΔH ij Water flow velocity difference ΔQ ij Difference in water inflow ΔI ij and the difference in sediment concentration ΔS ijPerform data cleaning and dimensionless processing, and generate the first data set.

[0039] Preferably, the scheduling optimization module is used to calculate the scheduling index Ddzs between the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station based on the first data set using the following formula. ij :

[0040]

[0041] In the formula, a1, a2, a3 and a4 are all weight values, and V1 represents the first constant.

[0042] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij If the value is negative, it indicates that the water resources are in an abnormal state under the current active power output. The active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station is reduced to 80% of the original value, and the turbine opening angle is reduced by 10%.

[0043] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij A value of 0 indicates that the water resources are in a balanced state under the current active power output, and the current active power parameters remain unchanged.

[0044] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij It is a positive value, and the scheduling index Ddzs ij > If the scheduling threshold X is set, it means that the water resources are in a qualified state under the current active power output. The active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station's generator unit is increased to 120% of the current value, and the turbine opening angle is increased by 10%.

[0045] Preferably, the operating efficiency index IE1 is calculated through the following steps:

[0046] S1. First, calculate the generator set's energy efficiency ratio η using the following formula:

[0047]

[0048] P in =ρ*g*stgd*ll;

[0049] In the formula, η represents the energy efficiency ratio of the generator set, which measures the efficiency of the hydro-generator set in converting water energy into electrical energy. It is expressed as a value less than 1, reflecting the losses that exist in the energy conversion process; P out P is the output electrical power of the generator set, measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). inThe hydroelectric power generated by the water flowing into the generator set is expressed in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW); ρ represents the density of water, and g represents the acceleration due to gravity, set to 9.81 m / s². 2 stgd represents the head height, which refers to the height difference between the water flow entering and leaving the turbine; ll represents the volume of water flowing through the turbine per unit time.

[0050] S2. Extract and obtain the reservoir surface area A, as well as the characteristics of water resource evaporation loss, infiltration loss, and overflow loss. After in-depth analysis, calculate the evaporation loss W using the following formula. evap osmosis loss W seep and overflow loss W overflow :

[0051]

[0052] W seep =K*A s *h*t2;

[0053] W overflow =LLxs*ylkd*g*ylgd*t3;

[0054] In the formula, A represents the surface area of ​​the reservoir, t1 represents the evaporation time, Δ represents the slope of the saturated vapor pressure curve, and R... n G represents net radiation, γ represents soil heat flux, γ represents the psychological constant of wet and dry bulb temperatures, T represents air temperature, u represents wind speed, and e represents wind speed. s e represents the saturated vapor pressure. a Indicates the actual vapor pressure; K represents the evaporation rate; K represents the permeability coefficient, which is the rate at which water permeates through soil or rock and is obtained experimentally; A s represents the infiltration area, indicating the total area of ​​the bottom or side of the reservoir; h represents the pressure exerted by the water depth on the infiltration surface; t2 represents the infiltration time; LLxs represents the real-time flow coefficient of the reservoir and overflow structure; ylkd represents the width of the water flowing out of the overflow outlet; and g represents the gravitational acceleration, set to 9.81 m / s². 2 ylgd represents the height of the water surface above the overflow outlet, and t3 represents the overflow time;

[0055] S3, based on evaporation loss W evap osmosis loss W seep and overflow loss W overflow Based on this, the resource utilization efficiency RE of the i-th cascade hydropower station is calculated using the following formula. i and operating efficiency index IE1;

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, REi W represents the resource utilization efficiency of the i-th cascade hydropower station. lose This represents the total water resource loss, including evaporation loss W. evap osmosis loss W seep and overflow loss W overflow The sum; This indicates the proportion of various types of water resource losses to the inflow of water resources, reflecting the impact of water resource losses on efficiency;

[0058] η i This represents the energy efficiency ratio of the generator unit in the i-th cascade hydropower station. stgd represents the output power of the i-th cascade hydropower station generator unit. i Let represent the head height of the i-th cascade hydropower station, and α represent the weighting factor.

[0059] Preferably, the scheduling strategy adaptability index IE2 is calculated using the following formula:

[0060]

[0061] In the formula, The power output fluctuation of the i-th cascade hydropower station is represented by , and the change in power output over time is represented by , calculated as follows: In the formula, This represents the active power output at the time point after the i-th cascade hydropower station is dispatched. Δll represents the active power output at the time point before the scheduling of the i-th cascade hydropower station; i The flow fluctuation of the i-th cascade hydropower station is represented by: In the formula, This represents the flow output value at time point after the i-th cascade hydropower station is scheduled. stgd represents the flow output value at the time point before the scheduling of the i-th cascade hydropower station; i This represents the head height of the i-th cascade hydropower station. This represents the ratio of water head height to power output fluctuation, used to assess the impact of water head changes on power output fluctuations. β represents the scheduling weight coefficient, used to adjust the importance of flow changes in the scheduling strategy adaptability index.

[0062] Preferably, the Environmental Impact Index (IE3) is calculated using the following formula:

[0063] F 1,i =W fc,i *L fc,i ;

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, Mgzsi represents the ecological sensitivity index of the area where the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station is located, \(W\) fc,i represents the width of the fish migration channel in the area where the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station is located, \(L\) fc,i represents the length of the fish migration channel in the area where the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station is located, \(F\) 1,i represents the protected area of the fish migration channel in the area where the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station is located, \(F\) 2,i represents the forest coverage ratio in the area where the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station is located, \(F\) 3,i represents the total area of the wetland reserve in the area where the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station is located, \(F\) 4,i represents the area of agricultural land in the area where the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station is located. \(a5\), \(a6\), \(a7\) and \(a8\) are all weight values, and \(V2\) represents the second repair constant; \(RE\) i represents the resource utilization efficiency of the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station, \(stgd\) i represents the head height of the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station, and \(\delta\) represents the environmental ecological impact weight factor;

[0066] After dimensionless processing of the operation efficiency index \(IE1\), the scheduling strategy adaptability index \(IE2\) and the environmental impact index \(IE3\), the comprehensive evaluation index \(IE\) is calculated through the following related formulas zh :

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, \(r1\), \(r2\) and \(r3\) represent the weight values of the operation efficiency index \(IE1\), the scheduling strategy adaptability index \(IE2\) and the environmental impact index \(IE3\), and \(0 \lt r1 \lt 1\), \(0 \lt r2 \lt 1\), \(0 \lt r3 \lt 1\). Their specific values are adjusted and set by the user, and \(r1 + r2 + r3 = 1\).

[0069] Preferably, the control module includes an evaluation unit and a correction unit,

[0070] The evaluation unit is used to preset an evaluation threshold \(X\), and compare the evaluation threshold \(X\) with the comprehensive evaluation index \(IE\) zh for comparison and evaluation to obtain an evaluation result, including:

[0071] The comprehensive evaluation index \(IE\) zh \(\gt\) the evaluation threshold \(X\), indicating that the current active power scheduling is qualified and exceeds the comprehensive standard, and a first small-scale coordination strategy is generated through the correction unit;

[0072] The comprehensive evaluation index \(IE\) zh \(=\) the evaluation threshold \(X\), indicating that the current active power scheduling is qualified and meets the comprehensive standard of stable operation, and a second coordination strategy is generated through the correction unit;

[0073] The comprehensive evaluation index \(IE\) zhIf the evaluation threshold X is less than the standard, it indicates that the current active power scheduling is not up to standard and does not meet the comprehensive standard for stable operation. A third coordination strategy will be generated through the correction unit.

[0074] Preferably, the first small-scale coordination strategy includes: if the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station... ij It is a negative value, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh > When evaluating the threshold X, set the adjustment to reduce the active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station's generator unit to 85% of its original value, and adjust the turbine opening angle to reduce the angle value by 5%.

[0075] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij The value is 0, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh > When evaluating threshold X, the current scheduled active power parameters remain unchanged;

[0076] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij It is a positive value, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh > When evaluating threshold X, set the active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station's generator unit to increase to 110% of the current value, and adjust the turbine opening angle to increase by 5%.

[0077] The second coordination strategy includes: maintaining the previous scheduling strategy unchanged;

[0078] The third coordination strategy includes: if the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station... ij It is a negative value, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh When evaluating the threshold X, the active power of the hydropower unit of the i-th cascade hydropower station is reduced to 70% of its original value, and the turbine opening angle is reduced by 15%.

[0079] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij The value is 0, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh When evaluating the threshold X, the active power of the hydropower unit of the i-th cascade hydropower station is reduced to 80% of its original value, and the turbine opening angle is reduced by 10%.

[0080] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij It is a positive value, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zhWhen evaluating the threshold X, the active power of the hydropower unit of the i-th cascade hydropower station is increased to 100% of the current level, and the turbine opening angle is increased by 1-3%.

[0081] This invention provides a coordinated control system for the active power of cascade hydropower stations under the joint operation of reservoirs. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0082] (1) Displaying the topography, structure, and environmental factors of hydropower stations through a three-dimensional visualization model helps optimize the scheduling sequence and improve resource utilization efficiency; based on hydrological data and the scheduling index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station. ij We will make dynamic adjustments to optimize the allocation of water resources.

[0083] (2) Improve the overall operating efficiency of hydropower stations by using the operating efficiency index IE1, the scheduling strategy adaptability index IE2 and the environmental impact index IE3, and take into account ecologically sensitive areas and environmental impacts to ensure that ecological protection factors are included in scheduling and operation decisions.

[0084] (3) Introducing the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh The dynamic scheduling strategy correction mechanism can dynamically generate and adjust coordination strategies based on real-time assessment of the current active power scheduling status. Specifically, by comparing the assessment results, the system can generate corresponding small-scale coordination strategies, maintenance strategies, or large-scale adjustment strategies according to the quality of the current scheduling status, thereby achieving precise optimization of power generation efficiency and resource utilization under different operating conditions. This dynamic optimization capability effectively addresses the problems of insufficient scheduling efficiency and unreasonable resource allocation in the background technology. Attached Figure Description

[0085] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the active power coordination control system of cascade hydropower stations under the joint scheduling of reservoirs according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0086] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0087] Example 1

[0088] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a coordinated control system for the active power of cascade hydropower stations under joint reservoir operation, comprising:

[0089] The 3D visualization model generation module is used to sort the hydropower stations by gradient based on their geographical location and altitude, generate gradient sorting data, and collect and generate 3D visualization models of each hydropower station and its basin. This model displays the topography, structure, operating status, and environmental factors of the hydropower stations, sequentially showing the 3D models of the cascade hydropower stations from upstream to downstream. It also collects and obtains datasets of geographical location, altitude, water flow path, reservoir capacity and water level, environment, equipment configuration, hydropower station operation, ecologically sensitive areas, and gradient sorting data, and summarizes them to obtain a real-time data set.

[0090] The hydrological data acquisition module is used to monitor and record the hydrological data of each cascade hydropower station in real time, including water level H, water flow velocity Q, inflow I and sediment concentration S, and generate the first data set.

[0091] The scheduling optimization module is used to calculate and obtain the scheduling index Ddzs of each cascade hydropower station based on the first data set. ij In order to optimize water resource allocation;

[0092] The power demand forecasting module is used to predict the load changes and active power output of the power grid of each cascade hydropower station and generate a second data set.

[0093] The analysis module is used to establish a three-dimensional coupled model of the reservoir-power station-grid. After training and optimizing the three-dimensional coupled model of the reservoir-power station-grid through machine learning algorithms, feature extraction is performed on the first data set, the second data set, and the real-time data set, including water head height (stgd), flow rate change (Δll), and power output fluctuation (ΔP). out Total water resource loss W lose The energy efficiency ratio η and resource utilization efficiency RE are used to generate an operational efficiency index IE1, a scheduling strategy adaptability index IE2, and an environmental impact index IE3 through machine learning algorithms. These three indices are then correlated to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index IE. zh Machine learning algorithms extract features from this data to identify key characteristics related to power production efficiency, dispatch strategy adaptability, and environmental impact. For example, the system extracts indicators such as water head, flow rate changes, and power output fluctuations, and analyzes the relationship between these indicators and system performance.

[0094] A three-dimensional coupled model of reservoirs, power plants, and power grids is established to comprehensively consider the storage capacity of each reservoir, the power generation efficiency of each power plant, and the load demand of the power grid, thereby optimizing the power generation strategies of each power plant. Based on this, the system also innovatively introduces the Environmental Impact Index (IE3) to monitor and assess changes in the ecological environment of reservoirs and watersheds in real time, such as fish migration, vegetation cover, wetland protection, and agricultural conditions, ensuring eco-friendliness during the scheduling process.

[0095] The control module is used to preset the evaluation threshold X, compare the evaluation threshold X with the comprehensive evaluation index IEzh, and obtain the evaluation results and dynamic coordinated control of the active power of the cascade hydropower station.

[0096] In this embodiment, the system can accurately display the topography, structure, and operational status of each cascade hydropower station through the 3D visualization model generation module. The visualization model not only enhances the understanding of the geographical and environmental factors of the hydropower station but also allows for real-time monitoring of the station's operational status and environmental changes, helping managers better understand and manage the hydropower station. The hydrological data acquisition module provides real-time monitoring of key hydrological parameters such as water level, flow velocity, inflow, and sediment concentration. This data forms the basis for scheduling optimization, enabling the system to adjust scheduling strategies in real-time to cope with changes in hydrological conditions, ensuring the effective utilization of water resources and the stability of power production. The scheduling optimization module calculates the scheduling index Ddzs for each cascade hydropower station based on real-time hydrological data. ij This system optimizes water resource allocation. Through precise calculations and dynamic adjustments, it improves water resource utilization efficiency, reduces waste, and optimizes power output. The power demand forecasting module predicts load changes and active power output for each hydropower station's grid. This forecasting capability allows the system to prepare for power production and dispatch in advance, improving the stability and reliability of power supply. The analysis module generates multiple indices using feature extraction and machine learning algorithms from real-time data sets, the first data group, and the second data group, comprehensively evaluating the system's operational efficiency, the adaptability of dispatching strategies, and environmental impact. This comprehensive evaluation mechanism provides a holistic analysis of operational conditions, aiding in intelligent decision-making and dynamic adjustments. The control module compares the evaluation thresholds with the comprehensive evaluation indices, obtains the evaluation results, and performs dynamic coordinated control of active power. This dynamic control capability adjusts the power output of each hydropower station in real time based on actual operating conditions and environmental changes, ensuring optimal system operation under different conditions. By comprehensively considering ecologically sensitive areas and environmental impact indices, the system effectively protects the ecological environment and avoids negative impacts on downstream ecosystems while optimizing power production and water resource allocation.

[0097] Example 2, please refer to Figure 1The 3D visualization model generation module includes a geographic location acquisition unit, a poster height processing unit, a water flow path acquisition unit, a reservoir capacity and water level acquisition unit, an environmental condition monitoring unit, an equipment configuration acquisition unit, and a hydropower station operation data acquisition unit.

[0098] The geographic location acquisition unit is used to collect and process the geographic location data of each cascade hydropower station. The geographic location data includes the acquisition and processing of the latitude and longitude coordinates of the hydropower station, the geographical boundary of the basin, and related topographic data, and generates a geographic location dataset, which serves as the basic input for the generation of the 3D model to determine the relative position of each hydropower station within the basin.

[0099] The elevation processing unit is used to collect and process elevation information of each hydropower station, including the elevation of the dam crest, intake, and outlet, and generate an elevation dataset. This dataset is then combined with the geographic location dataset for gradient sorting and 3D model display.

[0100] The water flow path acquisition unit is responsible for collecting water flow path information from upstream to downstream within the watershed, including water flow direction and velocity change data, and generating water flow path datasets to optimize cascade sorting and dynamic water flow display in the 3D model;

[0101] The reservoir capacity and water level acquisition unit is used to collect the reservoir capacity and water level information of each reservoir, including the total reservoir capacity, current water level and historical water level change information, and generate reservoir capacity and water level datasets;

[0102] The environmental condition monitoring unit is used to collect environmental data in the basin and around each hydropower station. The environmental data includes climate conditions and ecological environment data, and generates an environmental dataset.

[0103] Climate conditions include temperature, wind speed, and evaporation rate;

[0104] Ecological and environmental data include vegetation coverage and the distribution of aquatic species;

[0105] The equipment configuration acquisition unit is used to collect equipment configuration information for each hydropower station, including the number, type, rated power, and installation method of the generating units; and to generate an equipment configuration dataset to display the equipment layout and operating status of the hydropower station in a 3D model;

[0106] The hydropower station operation data acquisition unit is used to collect real-time operation data of each hydropower station, including power generation, equipment operating status, maintenance records and efficiency parameters; and to generate a hydropower station operation dataset, which dynamically displays the operation status and power generation efficiency of the hydropower station in a 3D model.

[0107] The 3D visualization model generation module also includes an ecologically sensitive area identification unit and a gradient sorting generation unit;

[0108] Ecologically sensitive area identification units are used to collect information on ecologically sensitive areas within the watershed, including fish migration routes and wetland protection area data; generate an ecologically sensitive area dataset, and identify these areas in a 3D model to ensure that ecological protection factors are considered in scheduling and operational decisions. This identification helps avoid negative impacts on the ecosystem and maintain environmental sustainability. It also facilitates the subsequent calculation of the ecological sensitivity index Mgzs for the area where the i-th cascade hydropower station is located. i ;

[0109] The gradient ranking generation unit, based on data obtained from the altitude processing unit and the geographic location processing unit, ranks each cascade hydropower station according to its gradient, generating gradient ranking data to optimize the scheduling order. This data is then displayed sequentially in a 3D model, allowing for better planning of water resource utilization. This ranking not only optimizes the scheduling order but also shows the relative positions of the hydropower stations in the 3D model, facilitating the rational planning of water resource use.

[0110] In this embodiment, the present invention improves the accuracy, efficiency, and environmental protection capabilities of cascade hydropower station scheduling and management through the multi-functional integration of the three-dimensional visualization model generation module, providing strong support for the optimized scheduling and resource management of hydropower stations.

[0111] Example 3, please refer to Figure 1 The hydrological data acquisition module includes a first acquisition unit and a preprocessing unit;

[0112] The first data acquisition unit is used to collect water level data in real time from the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station by installing water level gauges inside the hydropower station, and to calculate the water level difference ΔH using the following formula. ij :

[0113] ΔH ij =H i -H j ;

[0114] In the formula, H i H is the water level value of the i-th cascade hydropower station. j It is the water level value of the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of the i-th cascade hydropower station;

[0115] The sediment concentration data of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station are collected in real time using flow velocity sensors, and the difference in water flow velocity ΔQ is calculated using the following formula. ij :

[0116] ΔQ ij =Q i -Q j ;

[0117] In the formula, Q iis the water flow velocity value of the i-th cascade hydropower station, Q j is the water flow velocity of the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of the i-th cascade hydropower station;

[0118] And the incoming water volume data of the i-th cascade hydropower station and the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of it are collected in real time through a flow sensor, and the difference in incoming water volume ΔI is obtained by calculating through the following formula ij :

[0119] ΔI ij =I i -I j ;

[0120] In the formula, I i is the incoming water volume of the i-th cascade hydropower station, I j is the incoming water volume of the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of the i-th cascade hydropower station;

[0121] And the sediment concentration data of the i-th cascade hydropower station and the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of it are collected in real time through a sediment concentration sensor, and the difference in sediment concentration ΔS is obtained by calculating through the following formula ij :

[0122] ΔS ij =S i -S j ;

[0123] In the formula, S i is the sediment concentration of the i-th cascade hydropower station, S j is the sediment concentration of the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of the i-th cascade hydropower station;

[0124] The preprocessing unit is used to perform data cleaning and dimensionless processing on the water level difference ΔH ij 、the water flow velocity difference ΔQ ij 、the incoming water volume difference ΔI ij and the sediment concentration difference ΔS ij and generate the first data set.

[0125] The scheduling optimization module is used to calculate the scheduling index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of it based on the first data set through the following formula ij :

[0126]

[0127] In the formula, a1, a2, a3 and a4 are all weight values, 0 < a1 < 1, 0 < a2 < 1, 0 < a3 < 1, 0 < a4 < 1, and their specific values are adjusted and set by the user, and a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 = 1. V1 represents the first repair of this constant;

[0128] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij If the value is negative, it indicates that the water resources are in an abnormal state under the current active power output. The active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station is reduced to 80% of the original value, and the turbine opening angle is reduced by 10%.

[0129] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij A value of 0 indicates that the water resources are in a balanced state under the current active power output, and the current active power parameters remain unchanged.

[0130] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij It is a positive value, and the scheduling index Ddzs ij > If the scheduling threshold X is set, it means that the water resources are in a qualified state under the current active power output. The active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station's generator unit is increased to 120% of the current value, and the turbine opening angle is increased by 10%.

[0131] In this embodiment, by installing a water level gauge and a flow sensor, the first data acquisition unit can monitor water level, flow velocity, inflow volume, and sediment concentration in real time. This high-frequency data acquisition ensures the timeliness and accuracy of hydrological data, providing reliable basic data for scheduling optimization. The water level difference ΔH is calculated... ij Water flow velocity difference ΔQ ij Difference in water inflow ΔI ij and the difference in sediment concentration ΔS ij This allows for a comprehensive understanding of hydrological changes between upstream and downstream cascade hydropower stations. This differentiated data can reveal uneven water resource distribution and potential anomalies. Based on the first data set, a scheduling index calculated using a formula provides a quantitative evaluation of resource scheduling among hydropower stations. The scheduling index is Ddzs. ij This reflects the state of water resources and is used to determine whether adjustments to the active power and turbine opening angle of hydropower units are needed. The scheduling optimization module can automatically adjust the power output and equipment settings of the hydropower station based on real-time calculated scheduling indices, achieving dynamic management of water resources. This dynamic adjustment capability helps improve the operating efficiency and stability of the hydropower station. By evaluating and adjusting the scheduling indices under different conditions, the operating status of the hydropower station can be optimized under different hydrological conditions, improving power generation efficiency and reducing downtime. The automatic adjustment function reduces the operational risks caused by human error, ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the hydropower station under various environmental conditions.

[0132] Example 4, please refer to Figure 1The performance efficiency index IE1 is calculated using the following steps:

[0133] S1. First, calculate the generator set's energy efficiency ratio η using the following formula:

[0134]

[0135] P in =ρ*g*stgd*ll;

[0136] In the formula, η represents the energy efficiency ratio of the generator set, which measures the efficiency of the hydro-generator set in converting water energy into electrical energy. It is expressed as a value less than 1, reflecting the losses that exist in the energy conversion process; P out P is the output electrical power of the generator set, measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). in The hydroelectric power generated by the water flowing into the generator set is expressed in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW); ρ represents the density of water, and g represents the acceleration due to gravity, set to 9.81 m / s². 2 stgd represents the head height, which refers to the height difference between the water flow entering and leaving the turbine; ll represents the volume of water flowing through the turbine per unit time.

[0137] S2. Extract and obtain the reservoir surface area A, as well as the characteristics of water resource evaporation loss, infiltration loss, and overflow loss. After in-depth analysis, calculate the evaporation loss W using the following formula. evap osmosis loss W seep and overflow loss W overflow :

[0138]

[0139] W seep =K*A s *h*t2;

[0140] w overflow =LLxs*ylkd*g*ylgd*t3;

[0141] In the formula, A represents the surface area of ​​the reservoir, t1 represents the evaporation time, Δ represents the slope of the saturated vapor pressure curve, and R... n G represents net radiation, γ represents soil heat flux, γ represents the psychological constant of wet and dry bulb temperatures, T represents air temperature, u represents wind speed, and e represents wind speed. s e represents the saturated vapor pressure. a Indicates the actual vapor pressure; K represents the evaporation rate; K represents the permeability coefficient, which is the rate at which water permeates through soil or rock and is obtained experimentally; A srepresents the infiltration area, indicating the total area of ​​the bottom or side of the reservoir; h represents the pressure exerted by the water depth on the infiltration surface; t2 represents the infiltration time; LLxs represents the real-time flow coefficient of the reservoir and overflow structure; ylkd represents the width of the water flowing out of the overflow outlet; and g represents the gravitational acceleration, set to 9.81 m / s². 2 ylgd represents the height of the water surface above the overflow outlet, and t3 represents the overflow time;

[0142] S3, based on evaporation loss W evap osmosis loss W seep and overflow loss W overflow Based on this, the resource utilization efficiency RE of the i-th cascade hydropower station is calculated using the following formula. i and operating efficiency index IE1;

[0143]

[0144] In the formula, RE i W represents the resource utilization efficiency of the i-th cascade hydropower station. lose This represents the total water resource loss, including evaporation loss W. evap osmosis loss W seep and overflow loss W overflow The sum; This indicates the proportion of various types of water resource losses to the inflow of water resources, reflecting the impact of water resource losses on efficiency;

[0145] η i This represents the energy efficiency ratio of the generator unit in the i-th cascade hydropower station. stgd represents the output power of the i-th cascade hydropower station generator unit. i Let represent the head height of the i-th cascade hydropower station, and α represent the weighting factor.

[0146] In this embodiment, the calculation of IE1 comprehensively considers water resource losses and the energy efficiency ratio of generator units, thereby comprehensively evaluating the power generation efficiency of the hydropower station. This comprehensive evaluation method can more accurately reflect the actual operating status and identify potential efficiency bottlenecks. IE1 can effectively reveal the total water resource losses, including losses such as evaporation, infiltration, and overflow. This helps to optimize water resource management, reduce unnecessary losses, and improve resource utilization. By analyzing the relationship between energy efficiency ratio and resource utilization efficiency, problems in the energy conversion process of generator units can be identified, and improvement measures can be taken to improve the overall performance and efficiency of generator units. The calculation and comprehensive application of the operating efficiency index (IE1) provides a scientific basis for the operation and management of cascade hydropower stations, effectively improving power generation efficiency, optimizing resource utilization, and supporting the formulation of more reasonable scheduling strategies.

[0147] Example 5, please refer to Figure 1 The scheduling strategy adaptability index IE2 is calculated using the following formula:

[0148]

[0149] In the formula, The power output fluctuation of the i-th cascade hydropower station is represented by , and the change in power output over time is represented by , calculated as follows: In the formula, This represents the active power output at the time point after the i-th cascade hydropower station is dispatched. Δll represents the active power output at the time point before the scheduling of the i-th cascade hydropower station; i The flow fluctuation of the i-th cascade hydropower station is represented by: In the formula, This represents the flow output value at time point after the i-th cascade hydropower station is scheduled. stgd represents the flow output value at the time point before the scheduling of the i-th cascade hydropower station; i This represents the head height of the i-th cascade hydropower station. This represents the ratio of water head height to power output fluctuation, used to assess the impact of water head changes on power output fluctuations. β represents the scheduling weight coefficient, used to adjust the importance of flow changes in the scheduling strategy adaptability index.

[0150] In this embodiment, by analyzing IE2, the specific impacts of head changes and flow fluctuations on power output can be understood. This allows for more rational resource allocation and optimized scheduling decisions when formulating scheduling strategies, thereby improving the overall system stability and efficiency. IE2 can assess the adaptability of scheduling strategies under different operating conditions by comprehensively considering the impacts of power output fluctuations, flow changes, and head height. A high adaptability index means that the scheduling strategy can effectively cope with power and flow fluctuations, maintaining stable power generation. IE2 can help identify risks caused by flow fluctuations or head changes, providing data support to reduce risks caused by improper scheduling. This helps reduce the impact of emergencies on the system in actual operation.

[0151] Example 6, please refer to Figure 1 The Environmental Impact Index (IE3) is calculated using the following formula:

[0152] F 1,i =W fc, i*L fc,i ;

[0153]

[0154] In the formula, Mgzs i W represents the ecological sensitivity index of the area where the i-th cascade hydropower station is located.fc,i Denote the width of the fish migration channel in the area where the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station is located, \(L\). fc,i Denote the length of the fish migration channel in the area where the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station is located, \(F\). 1,i Denote the protected area of the fish migration channel in the area where the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station is located, \(F\). 2,i Denote the forest coverage ratio in the area where the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station is located, \(F\). 3,i Denote the total area of the wetland reserve in the area where the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station is located, \(F\). 4,i Denote the area of agricultural land in the area where the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station is located. \(a_5\), \(a_6\), \(a_7\) and \(a_8\) are all weight values, \(0 < a_5 < 1\), \(0 < a_6 < 1\), \(0 < a_7 < 1\), \(0 < a_8 < 1\), and their specific values are adjusted and set by the user, \(a_5 + a_6 + a_7 + a_8 = 1\). \(V_2\) represents the second repair constant; \(RE\). i Denote the resource utilization efficiency of the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station, \(stgd\). i Denote the head height of the \(i\)-th cascade hydropower station, \(\delta\) represents the environmental ecological impact weight factor.

[0155] After dimensionless processing of the operation efficiency index \(IE_1\), the scheduling strategy adaptability index \(IE_2\) and the environmental impact index \(IE_3\), the comprehensive evaluation index \(IE\) is calculated through the following associated formulas. zh :[[]]END]]

[0156]

[0157] In the formula, \(r_1\), \(r_2\) and \(r_3\) represent the weight values of the operation efficiency index \(IE_1\), the scheduling strategy adaptability index \(IE_2\) and the environmental impact index \(IE_3\), and \(0 < r_1 < 1\), \(0 < r_2 < 1\), \(0 < r_3 < 1\), and their specific values are adjusted and set by the user, \(r_1 + r_2 + r_3 = 1\).

[0158] In this embodiment, \(IE_3\) can comprehensively consider various environmental factors, such as ecological sensitivity, fish migration channels, forest coverage, etc., and provide a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of the hydropower station. By paying attention to the implementation of ecological protection measures and environmental changes, the negative environmental impact of the hydropower station can be effectively reduced. Calculating \(IE_3\) can help identify weak links in environmental protection and promote the adoption of effective ecological protection measures, such as improving fish migration channels and increasing wetland reserves, so as to improve the environmental friendliness of the cascade hydropower station. The comprehensive evaluation index \(IE\). zh The calculation of combines operation efficiency, scheduling strategy adaptability and environmental impact, and can help formulate a more balanced scheduling decision, minimizing the impact on the environment while meeting power generation requirements. The calculated \(IE_3\) and \(IE\). zhIt can provide data support for the formulation of environmental policies and plans, help promote the development of more scientific and effective environmental protection policies, and promote the healthy development of regional ecosystems.

[0159] Example 7, please refer to Figure 1 The control module includes an evaluation unit and a correction unit.

[0160] The evaluation unit is used to preset the evaluation threshold X, and then compare the evaluation threshold X with the comprehensive evaluation index IE. zh A comparative evaluation will be conducted to obtain the evaluation results, including:

[0161] Comprehensive Evaluation Index (IE) zh > The evaluation threshold X indicates that the current active power scheduling is qualified and exceeds the comprehensive standard. The first small-amplitude coordination strategy is generated through the correction unit.

[0162] Comprehensive Evaluation Index (IE) zh =Evaluation threshold X indicates that the current active power scheduling is qualified and meets the comprehensive standard for stable operation. The second coordination strategy is generated through the correction unit.

[0163] Comprehensive Evaluation Index (IE) zh If the evaluation threshold X is less than the standard, it indicates that the current active power scheduling is not up to standard and does not meet the comprehensive standard for stable operation. A third coordination strategy will be generated through the correction unit.

[0164] The first minor coordination strategy includes: if the dispatch index Dszs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station... ij It is a negative value, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh > When evaluating the threshold X, set the adjustment to reduce the active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station's generator unit to 85% of its original value, and adjust the turbine opening angle to reduce the angle value by 5%.

[0165] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij The value is 0, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh > When evaluating threshold X, the current scheduled active power parameters remain unchanged;

[0166] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij It is a positive value, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh > When evaluating threshold X, set the active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station's generator unit to increase to 110% of the current value, and adjust the turbine opening angle to increase by 5%.

[0167] The second coordination strategy includes: maintaining the previous scheduling strategy unchanged;

[0168] The third coordination strategy includes: if the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station... ij It is a negative value, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh When evaluating the threshold X, the active power of the hydropower unit of the i-th cascade hydropower station is reduced to 70% of its original value, and the turbine opening angle is reduced by 15%.

[0169] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij The value is 0, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh When evaluating the threshold X, the active power of the hydropower unit of the i-th cascade hydropower station is reduced to 80% of its original value, and the turbine opening angle is reduced by 10%.

[0170] If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij It is a positive value, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh When evaluating the threshold X, the active power of the hydropower unit of the i-th cascade hydropower station is increased to 100% of the current level, and the turbine opening angle is increased by 1-3%.

[0171] In this embodiment, an evaluation threshold X is set and compared with the comprehensive evaluation index IE. zh By comparison, the control module can dynamically adjust the scheduling strategy to ensure that active power output and turbine opening angle adapt to the current operating state and environmental conditions. This dynamic adjustment capability enables the system to make precise adjustments under different operating conditions, improving the adaptability and flexibility of the scheduling strategy. In the comprehensive evaluation index (IE)... zh When the value exceeds the assessment threshold X, the active power and turbine opening angle of the hydropower units are adjusted according to different dispatch indices to achieve fine-tuning of the dispatch status and optimize power generation efficiency and environmental impact. This is based on the comprehensive assessment index IE. zh If the performance equals the evaluation threshold X, the current scheduling strategy remains unchanged to ensure stable operation. (This is based on the comprehensive evaluation index IE.) zh If the value is less than the evaluation threshold X, a more significant adjustment strategy will be developed for cases where the scheduling status is unqualified, in order to improve operational efficiency and stability.

[0172] By using the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh By generating corresponding coordination strategies in real time to address changes in the power plant's operation, the system can effectively respond to various unstable factors, ensure the stability of power output and the reliability of the system, and reduce the risk of equipment failure and energy waste.

[0173] The threshold is set to facilitate comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the number of bases set by those skilled in the art for each set of sample data; as long as it does not affect the ratio between the parameter and the quantized value, it is acceptable.

[0174] The above formulas are all derived from software simulation using a large amount of data and are selected to be close to the actual values. The coefficients in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coordinated control system for active power of cascade hydropower stations under joint reservoir operation, characterized in that: including, a three-dimensional visualization model generation module, which is used to sort hydropower stations according to the geographical locations and altitudes of each cascade hydropower station, generate gradient sorting data, collect and generate three-dimensional visualization models of each cascade hydropower station and its basin, display the terrain, structure, operation status and environmental factors of the hydropower stations, sequentially display the three-dimensional models of cascade hydropower stations from upstream to downstream, and collect and obtain geographical location datasets, altitude datasets, water flow path datasets, reservoir capacity and water level datasets, environmental datasets, equipment configuration datasets, hydropower station operation datasets, ecological sensitive area datasets and gradient sorting data, and summarize to obtain a real-time data set; a hydrological data collection module, which is used to monitor and record the hydrological data of each cascade hydropower station in real time, including water level H, water flow velocity Q, incoming water volume I and sediment concentration S, and generate a first data group; The scheduling optimization module is used to calculate and obtain the scheduling index Ddzs of each cascade hydropower station based on the first data set. ij In order to optimize water resource allocation; a power demand prediction module, which is used to predict the load changes and active power output of the power grids of each cascade hydropower station, and generate a second data group; The analysis module is used to extract features from the first data set, the second data set, and the real-time data set, including head height (stgd), flow rate change (Δll), and power output fluctuation (ΔP). out Total water resource loss W lose The energy efficiency ratio η and resource utilization efficiency RE are used to generate an operational efficiency index IE1, a scheduling strategy adaptability index IE2, and an environmental impact index IE3 through machine learning algorithms. These three indices are then correlated to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index IE. zh ; After dimensionless processing of the operational efficiency index IE1, scheduling strategy adaptability index IE2, and environmental impact index IE3, the comprehensive evaluation index IE is calculated using the following related formula. zh : where r1, r2 and r3 represent the weight values of the operation efficiency index IE1, the scheduling strategy adaptability index IE2 and the environmental impact index IE3, and 0 < r1 < 1, 0 < r2 < 1, 0 < r3 < 1, and their specific values are adjusted and set by the user, and r1 + r2 + r3 = 1; The control module is used to preset the evaluation threshold X and compare the evaluation threshold X with the comprehensive evaluation index IE. zh Comparative evaluations are conducted to obtain evaluation results and achieve dynamic coordinated control of the active power of cascade hydropower stations. the control module includes an evaluation unit and a correction unit, The evaluation unit is used to preset an evaluation threshold X, and then compare the evaluation threshold X with the comprehensive evaluation index IE. zh A comparative evaluation will be conducted to obtain the evaluation results, including: Comprehensive Evaluation Index (IE) zh The evaluation threshold X indicates that the current active power scheduling is qualified and exceeds the comprehensive standard. The first small-amplitude coordination strategy is generated through the correction unit. Comprehensive Evaluation Index (IE) zh =The evaluation threshold X indicates that the current active power scheduling is qualified and meets the comprehensive standard for stable operation. The second coordination strategy is generated through the correction unit. Comprehensive Evaluation Index (IE) zh The evaluation threshold X indicates that the current active power scheduling is unqualified and does not meet the comprehensive standard for stable operation. A third coordination strategy is generated through the correction unit.

2. The active power coordination control system for cascade hydropower stations under joint reservoir operation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: the three-dimensional visualization model generation module includes a geographical location collection unit, an altitude processing unit, a water flow path collection unit, a reservoir capacity and water level collection unit, an environmental condition monitoring unit, an equipment configuration collection unit and a hydropower station operation data collection unit; the geographical location collection unit is used to collect and process the geographical location data of each cascade hydropower station; the geographical location data includes the acquisition and processing of the longitude and latitude coordinates of the hydropower station, the basin geographical boundary and relevant terrain data, and generates a geographical location dataset, which is used as the basic input for three-dimensional model generation to determine the relative position of each hydropower station in the basin; the altitude processing unit is used to collect and process the altitude information of each hydropower station, including the top height of the dam, the altitude information of the water inlet and outlet, and generates an altitude dataset, and is used for gradient sorting and three-dimensional model display in combination with the geographical location dataset; the water flow path collection unit is responsible for collecting the water flow path information from upstream to downstream in the basin, including water flow direction and flow velocity change data, and generates a water flow path dataset to optimize the water flow dynamic display in gradient sorting and three-dimensional models; the reservoir capacity and water level collection unit is used to collect the reservoir capacity and water level information of each reservoir, including the total reservoir capacity, the current water level and the historical water level change information, and generates a reservoir capacity and water level dataset; the environmental condition monitoring unit is used to collect the environmental data of the basin and around each hydropower station, and the environmental data includes climate conditions and ecological environment data, and generates an environmental dataset; the climate conditions include temperature, wind speed and evaporation rate; the ecological environment data includes vegetation coverage rate and distribution of aquatic species; The equipment configuration acquisition unit is used to collect equipment configuration information for each hydropower station, including the number, type, rated power, and installation method of the generating units; and to generate an equipment configuration dataset to display the equipment layout and operating status of the hydropower station in a 3D model; The hydropower station operation data acquisition unit is used to collect real-time operation data of each hydropower station, including power generation, equipment operating status, maintenance records and efficiency parameters; and to generate a hydropower station operation dataset, which dynamically displays the operation status and power generation efficiency of the hydropower station in a 3D model.

3. The active power coordination control system for cascade hydropower stations under joint reservoir operation as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The 3D visualization model generation module also includes an ecologically sensitive area identification unit and a gradient sorting generation unit; The ecologically sensitive area identification unit is used to collect information on ecologically sensitive areas within the watershed, including fish migration channels and wetland protection area data; and to generate an ecologically sensitive area dataset, and to identify these areas in a 3D model to ensure that ecological protection factors are considered in scheduling and operational decisions; The gradient sorting generation unit is used to sort the hydropower stations in terms of gradient from high to low based on the data obtained from the altitude processing unit and the geolocation processing unit, generate gradient sorting data, optimize the scheduling order, and display the hydropower stations in sequence in the 3D model.

4. The active power coordination control system for cascade hydropower stations under joint reservoir operation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrological data acquisition module includes a first acquisition unit and a preprocessing unit; The first acquisition unit is used to collect water level data of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station in real time by installing water level gauges in the hydropower station, and to calculate the water level difference ΔH using the following formula. ij : ΔH ij =H i -H j ; In the formula, H i H is the water level value of the i-th cascade hydropower station. j It is the water level value of the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of the i-th cascade hydropower station; The flow velocity data of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station are collected in real time using flow velocity sensors, and the flow velocity difference ΔQ is calculated using the following formula. ij : ΔQ ij =Q i -Q j ; In the formula, Q i Q is the water flow velocity value of the i-th cascade hydropower station. j It is the water flow velocity of the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of the i-th cascade hydropower station; The inflow data of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station are collected in real time using flow sensors, and the inflow difference ΔI is calculated using the following formula. ij : ΔI ij =I i -I j ; In the formula, I i I is the inflow of water to the i-th cascade hydropower station. j It is the inflow of water to the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of the i-th cascade hydropower station; Sediment concentration data of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station are collected in real time using sediment concentration sensors, and the sediment concentration difference ΔS is calculated using the following formula. ij : ΔS ij =S i -S j ; In the formula, S i S is the sediment concentration of the i-th cascade hydropower station. j It is the sediment concentration of the j-th cascade hydropower station downstream of the i-th cascade hydropower station; The pretreatment unit is used to process the water level difference ΔH. ij Water flow velocity difference ΔQ ij Difference in water inflow ΔI ij and the difference in sediment concentration ΔS ij Perform data cleaning and dimensionless processing, and generate the first data set.

5. The active power coordination control system for cascade hydropower stations under joint reservoir operation as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The scheduling optimization module is used to calculate the scheduling index Ddzs between the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station based on the first data set using the following formula. ij : In the formula, a1, a2, a3 and a4 are all weight values, and V1 represents the first correction constant; If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij If the value is negative, it indicates that the water resources are in an abnormal state under the current active power output. The settings are to adjust the active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station's generator unit to 80% of the original value, and to adjust the turbine opening angle to decrease by 10%. If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij A value of 0 indicates that the water resources are in a balanced state under the current active power output, and the current active power parameters remain unchanged. If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij It is a positive value, and the scheduling index Ddzs ij > If the scheduling threshold X is set, it means that the water resources are in a qualified state under the current active power output. The active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station's generator unit is increased to 120% of the current value, and the turbine opening angle is increased by 10%.

6. The active power coordination control system for cascade hydropower stations under joint reservoir operation as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The scheduling strategy adaptability index IE2 is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, The power output fluctuation of the i-th cascade hydropower station is represented by , and the change in power output over time is represented by , calculated as follows: In the formula, This represents the active power output at the time point after the i-th cascade hydropower station is dispatched. Δll represents the active power output at the time point before the scheduling of the i-th cascade hydropower station; i The flow fluctuation of the i-th cascade hydropower station is represented by: In the formula, This represents the flow output value at time point after the i-th cascade hydropower station is scheduled. This represents the flow output value of the i-th cascade hydropower station at the time point before scheduling; stgd i This represents the head height of the i-th cascade hydropower station. This represents the ratio of water head height to power output fluctuation, used to assess the impact of water head changes on power output fluctuations. β represents the scheduling weight coefficient, used to adjust the importance of flow changes in the scheduling strategy adaptability index.

7. The active power coordination control system for cascade hydropower stations under joint reservoir operation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first small-scale coordination strategy includes: if the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station... ij It is a negative value, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh >When the evaluation threshold X is set, the active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station's generator unit is reduced to 85% of its original value, and the turbine opening angle is reduced by 5%. If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij The value is 0, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh >When the evaluation threshold X is reached, the current scheduled active power parameters are kept unchanged; If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij It is a positive value, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh >When the evaluation threshold X is set, the active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station's generator unit is increased to 110% of the current value, and the turbine opening angle is increased by 5%. The second coordination strategy includes: maintaining the previous scheduling strategy unchanged; The third coordination strategy includes: if the scheduling index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station... ij It is a negative value, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh When the evaluation threshold X is set, the active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station's generator unit is reduced to 70% of its original value, and the turbine opening angle is reduced by 15%. If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij The value is 0, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh When the evaluation threshold X is set, the active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station's generator unit is reduced to 80% of its original value, and the turbine opening angle is reduced by 10%. If the dispatch index Ddzs of the i-th cascade hydropower station and its downstream j-th cascade hydropower station ij It is a positive value, and the comprehensive evaluation index IE zh When the evaluation threshold X is set, the active power of the i-th cascade hydropower station's generator unit is increased to 100% of the current value, and the turbine opening angle is increased by 1-3%.

Images