Display device

Abstract

A display device includes a circuit layer and a display element layer provided on the circuit layer and including a light emitting element. The light emitting element may include: a first electrode; a first emission layer including a first dopant and provided on the first electrode; a second emission layer including a second dopant different from the first dopant and provided on the first emission layer; and a second electrode provided on the second emission layer. The triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the second dopant may be higher than the triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the first dopant, and the thickness of the first emissive layer is from about 10% to about 50% based on 100% of a sum of the thickness of the first emissive layer and the thickness of the second emissive layer. The display device may have an improved side surface brightness ratio and excellent or appropriate display efficiency.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0088093 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on July 7, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a display device including two emission layers composed of different dopants. Background Art

[0004] The development of organic light-emitting display devices as image display devices is actively underway. The organic light-emitting display device includes a so-called "self-luminous" light-emitting element located in an emission layer and containing a light-emitting material. Holes and electrons injected from a first electrode and a second electrode, respectively, recombine in the emission layer to generate excitons, which then transition (e.g., relax from an excited state to a ground state), whereby the light-emitting material of the emission layer emits light to achieve display (e.g., of an image).

[0005] In recent years, flexible electronic devices including slidable or foldable flexible display devices are being developed. Unlike their rigid electronic device counterparts, flexible electronic devices can be folded, rolled, and / or bent. Because these devices can change their shape and can be viewed by users at more than one suitable viewing angle, where the display quality may vary with the viewing angle, methods for improving their brightness and display efficiency are desired or needed.

[0006] Implementing light emitting elements to flexible electronic devices requires (or desires) improvements in light efficiency and / or lifespan of flexible display devices, etc. Therefore, it is necessary or desirable to develop materials for light emitting elements that can stably achieve these characteristics or expectations. Summary of the invention

[0007] One or more aspects of an embodiment of the present disclosure are directed to a display device having an improved luminance ratio in a side surface thereof and exhibiting excellent or appropriate display efficiency.

[0008] According to one or more embodiments, the present disclosure provides a display device, which includes a circuit layer and a display element layer, the display element layer is provided on the circuit layer and includes a light-emitting element, wherein the light-emitting element includes: a first electrode; a first emission layer, including a first dopant and provided on the first electrode; a second emission layer, including a second dopant different from the first dopant and provided on the first emission layer; and a second electrode, provided on the second emission layer, wherein a triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the second dopant is higher than or greater than the triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the first dopant, and based on 100% of the sum of the thickness of the first emission layer and the thickness of the second emission layer, the thickness of the first emission layer is approximately 10% to approximately 50%.

[0009] In one or more embodiments, the second emission layer may be provided directly on the first emission layer.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, a difference between the triplet excited state energy level of the second dopant and the triplet excited state energy level of the first dopant may be at most about 0.15 electron volts (eV).

[0011] In one or more embodiments, the triplet excited state energy level of the first dopant may be about 2.05 eV to about 2.25 eV.

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the triplet excited state energy level of the second dopant may be about 2.26 eV to about 2.35 eV.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, the peak emission wavelength (λ max ) may be greater than the peak emission wavelength (λ max )long.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, a difference between the peak emission wavelength of the first dopant and the peak emission wavelength of the second dopant may be at most about 10 nanometers (nm).

[0015] In one or more embodiments, the peak emission wavelength of the first dopant may be about 520 nm to about 570 nm.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, the peak emission wavelength of the second dopant may be about 500 nm to about 560 nm.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the first dopant may be higher than or greater than a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the second dopant.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, a difference between the HOMO energy level of the first dopant and the HOMO energy level of the second dopant may be at most about 0.25 eV.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, the HOMO energy level of the first dopant may be about −4.50 eV to about −4.40 eV.

[0020] In one or more embodiments, the HOMO energy level of the second dopant may be about −4.70 eV to about −4.55 eV.

[0021] In one or more embodiments, the degree of overlap between the emission spectrum of the first dopant and the spectral tristimulus values ​​may be greater than the degree of overlap between the emission spectrum of the second dopant and the spectral tristimulus values.

[0022] In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first dopant and the second dopant may include a metal coordination compound including (eg, containing) platinum (Pt) as a central metal.

[0023] In one or more embodiments, one of the first dopant and the second dopant (e.g., the first) may include a first metal coordination compound, which contains platinum (Pt) as a central metal, and the other (e.g., the second of the first dopant and the second dopant) may include a second metal coordination compound, which includes (e.g., contains) platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), rhenium (Re), gold (Au) or osmium (Os) as a central metal.

[0024] In one or more embodiments, the first dopant may include a compound represented by Formula DA-1.

[0025] Formula DA-1

[0026]

[0027] In formula DA-1, Q 1 To Q 4may be each independently C or N, C1 to C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, Y 1 To Y 4 may be each independently directly linked, *-O-*, *-S-*, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, L 11 To L 13 Each is independently a direct connection, *-O-*, *-S-*, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, b11 to b13 may each independently be 0 or 1, R 61 To R 66 Each of d1 to d4 may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring, and d1 to d4 may independently be an integer of 0 to 4.

[0028] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element may further include: a charge generation layer provided between the first electrode and the first emission layer; and a third emission layer provided between the first electrode and the charge generation layer, and the difference between the peak emission wavelength of the third emission layer and the peak emission wavelength of the second emission layer may be at most about 10 nm.

[0029] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element may further include: a charge generation layer provided between the second emission layer and the second electrode; and a third emission layer provided between the charge generation layer and the second electrode, and the difference between the peak emission wavelength of the third emission layer and the peak emission wavelength of the second emission layer may be at most about 10 nm.

[0030] In one or more embodiments, the display device may have a side-to-surface brightness ratio of at least about 41.0.

[0031] In one or more embodiments, the display device may include at least one folding axis, and the display device may be divided into a folding area that is foldable between (e.g., relative to) the at least one folding axis and a non-folding area adjacent to the folding area.

[0032] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the display device includes a circuit layer and a display element layer, the display element layer is provided on the circuit layer and includes a first light-emitting element, a second light-emitting element and a third light-emitting element spaced and / or separated in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction, wherein the first light-emitting element emits (e.g., will emit) a first light, the second light-emitting element emits (e.g., will emit) a second light having a wavelength shorter than that of the first light, and the third light-emitting element emits (e.g., will emit) a third light having a wavelength shorter than that of the second light, the second light-emitting element includes: a first electrode; a first emission layer including a first dopant and provided on the first electrode; a second emission layer including a second dopant different from the first dopant and provided on the first emission layer; and a second electrode provided on the second emission layer, wherein a triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the second dopant is greater than or higher than the triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the first dopant, and the thickness of the first emission layer is approximately 10% to approximately 50% based on 100% of the sum of the thickness of the first emission layer and the thickness of the second emission layer.

[0033] In one or more embodiments, the display device may have a side-to-surface brightness ratio of at least about 41.0. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The foregoing and other features of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing the embodiments of the present disclosure in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The accompanying drawings illustrate example embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 is a plan view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0043] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0044] Fig.10 is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0045] Fig.11 is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0046] Fig.12 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0047] Fig.13 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0048] Fig.14 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0049] Fig.15 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0050] Fig.16A is a perspective view showing an unfolded state of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0051] Fig. 16B is a perspective view illustrating a folding operation of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0052] Fig. 16C is a perspective view illustrating a folding operation of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0053] Fig.17 is an exploded perspective view of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0054] Fig.18 is a diagram showing the interior of a vehicle in which the display device of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present disclosure are described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that in the following description, only the parts necessary for understanding the operation according to the present disclosure are described, and the description of other parts is omitted to avoid blurring the subject matter of the present disclosure. The present disclosure can be modified in many alternative forms, and therefore, specific embodiments will be illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in more detail in the specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the specific form disclosed, but to cover all modifications, equivalents and substitutes falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0056] In this specification, when a component (or region, layer and / or part, etc.) is referred to as being "on" another component, "connected to" or "coupled to" another component, it means that the component can be directly provided on the other component / directly connected to another component / directly coupled to another component, or a third component can be provided between them.

[0057] The same reference numerals always refer to the same components, and their repeated description may not be provided. In addition, in the drawings, in order to effectively describe the technical content, the thickness, proportion and size of the components are exaggerated. The term "and / or" includes all of one or more combinations that can be defined by the associated items.

[0058] It will be understood that although the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used herein to describe one or more suitable components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another component. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component may be referred to as a first component. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, a term in the singular may include a plural form.

[0059] Throughout the specification, in the case of a particular part "including", unless otherwise stated, the situation means that the part may also include another component without excluding another component. "At least any one of X, Y and Z" and "at least any one (person / kind) selected from the group consisting of X, Y and Z" can be interpreted as one X, one Y, one Z, or any combination of two or more of X, Y and Z (for example, XYZ, XY, YZ and XZ). Here, "and / or" includes all combinations of one or more corresponding configurations. Unless otherwise stated, terms in the singular include plural forms. For example, unless the context clearly states otherwise, "one", "one (person / kind)" and "the (said)" are also intended to include plural forms.

[0060] In some embodiments, terms such as "below", "under", "on", and "over" may be used to describe the relationship between components shown in the drawings. These terms are used as relative concepts and are described with reference to directions indicated in the drawings.

[0061] It should be understood that the terms “comprise / comprises / comprising,” “have / has / having,” and / or “include / includes / including” are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or a combination thereof in the specification, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or a combination thereof.

[0062] As used herein, the terms "use", "using", and "used" may be considered synonymous with the terms "utilize", "utilizing", and "utilized", respectively.

[0063] As used herein, expressions such as “at least one of,” “one of,” “selected from,” and “selected from among,” when preceding or following a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. For example, the expressions “at least one of a to c” and “at least one of a, b, and c” may indicate only a, only b, only c, both a and b (e.g., both a and b), both a and c (e.g., both a and c), both b and c (e.g., both b and c), all a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0064] The term "and / or" includes all combinations of one or more of the associated listed elements.

[0065] In the present application, when a layer, film, region or plate is referred to as being "on" or "upper" another layer, film, region or plate, it may not only be "directly" "on" the other layer, film, region or plate, but also there may be an intervening layer, film, region or plate. In contrast, when a layer, film, region or plate is referred to as being "lower" than another layer, film, region or plate, it may not only be directly below the other layer, film, region or plate, but also there may be an intervening layer, film, region or plate. In some embodiments, it will be understood that when a component is referred to as being "on" another component, it may be provided above the other component, or it may also be provided below the other component.

[0066] As used herein, the term "may" will be understood to refer to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure," some of which include the described elements, and some of which exclude the elements and / or include alternative elements. Similarly, alternative language such as "or" refers to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure" that each include the corresponding listed items.

[0067] As used herein, the phrase "consisting essentially of" means that any additional components will not substantially affect the chemical, physical, optical, or electrical properties of the semiconductor film.

[0068] As used herein, the phrase "on a plane" or "plan view" refers to observing a target portion from the top, and the phrase "in cross section" refers to observing a cross section formed by vertically cutting the target portion from the side.

[0069] In the present disclosure, "does not include 'component' or any 'component'", "excludes 'component' or any 'component'" and / or "does not contain 'component'" etc. means that the "component" is not added, selected or used as a component in the composition, but due to other impurities and / or external factors, the "component" may still be included in a less than appropriate amount.

[0070] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including chemical terms, technical terms and scientific terms) used in this article have the same meaning as those commonly understood by ordinary technicians in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. In some embodiments, it will be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant field, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless explicitly defined in this article.

[0071] definition

[0072] In the present disclosure, when the particle is spherical, "diameter" indicates the average particle diameter, and when the particle is non-spherical, "diameter" indicates the major axis length. The diameter (or size) of the particle can be measured by particle size analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and / or transmission electron microscopy photography. When the size of the particle is measured using a particle size analyzer, the average particle diameter (or size) can be referred to as D50. The term "D50" as used herein refers to the average diameter (or size) of the particles whose cumulative volume corresponds to 50 vol% in a particle size distribution (e.g., cumulative distribution), and refers to the value of the particle diameter corresponding to 50% from the smallest particle when the total number of particles is 100% in a distribution curve accumulated in the order of the smallest particle size to the largest particle size. Particle size analysis can be performed with a HORIBA LA-950 laser particle size analyzer.

[0073] In the specification, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" may refer to a group substituted or unsubstituted by at least one substituent, and the substituent is selected from the group consisting of deuterium atoms, halogen atoms, cyano groups, nitro groups, amino groups, amido groups, silyl groups, oxy groups, sulfenyl groups, sulfinyl groups, sulfonyl groups, carbonyl groups, boron groups, phosphine oxide groups, phosphine sulfide groups, alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, hydrocarbon ring groups, aryl groups and heterocyclic groups. In certain embodiments, each substituent illustrated in this article may be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, biphenyl groups may be interpreted as aryl groups, or phenyl groups substituted by phenyl groups.

[0074] In the specification, the phrase "bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring" may refer to a group bonding to an adjacent group to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle. Hydrocarbon rings include aliphatic hydrocarbon rings and aromatic hydrocarbon rings. Heterocycles include aliphatic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Hydrocarbon rings and heterocycles may be monocyclic or polycyclic. In some embodiments, the ring formed by bonding to each other may be connected to another ring to form a spirocyclic structure.

[0075] In the specification, the term "adjacent group" may refer to a substituent substituted at an atom directly connected to an atom substituted by a corresponding substituent, another substituent substituted at an atom substituted by a corresponding substituent, or a substituent located at a position closest to the corresponding substituent in space. For example, the two methyl groups in 1,2-dimethylbenzene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and the two ethyl groups in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. In some embodiments, the two methyl groups in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0076] In the specification, examples of the halogen atom may include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.

[0077] In the specification, the alkyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of the alkyl group may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, adamantyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, n-undecyl , n-dodecyl, 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosyl, 2-ethyleicosyl, 2-butyleicosyl, 2-hexyleicosyl, 2-octyleicosyl, n-heonicosyl, n-docosyl, n-tricosyl, n-tetracosyl, n-pentacosyl, n-hexacosyl, n-heptacosyl, n-octacosyl, n-nonacosyl and / or n-triacontyl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0078] In the specification, cycloalkyl may refer to a cyclic alkyl. The number of carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl may be 3 to 50, 3 to 30, 3 to 20 or 3 to 10. Examples of cycloalkyl may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornenyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornenyl and / or bicycloheptyl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0079] In the specification, alkenyl may refer to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. The alkenyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is not particularly limited, but is 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10. Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, styryl and / or styryl vinyl, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0080] In the specification, alkynyl may refer to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. The alkynyl group may be straight-chain or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkynyl group is not particularly limited, but is 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Specific examples of alkynyl groups may include ethynyl and / or propynyl, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0081] In the specification, the hydrocarbon ring group may be any functional group or substituent derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring. The hydrocarbon ring group may be a saturated hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 20 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0082] In the specification, aryl refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The aryl group can be a monocyclic aryl group or a polycyclic aryl group. The number of ring carbon atoms in the aryl group can be 6 to 30, 6 to 20 or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl groups can include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, benzofluoranthenyl and / or Base, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0083] The heterocyclic group herein refers to any functional group or substituent derived from a ring containing at least one of B, O, N, P, Si and Se as a heteroatom. Heterocyclic groups include aliphatic heterocyclic groups and aromatic heterocyclic groups. Aromatic heterocyclic groups can be heteroaryl groups. Aliphatic heterocyclic rings and aromatic heterocyclic rings can be monocyclic or polycyclic.

[0084] In the specification, the heterocyclic group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si and S as a heteroatom. When the heterocyclic group contains two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group, and has the concept of including a heteroaryl group. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10.

[0085] In the specification, the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include at least one of B, O, N, P, Si and S as a heteroatom. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the aliphatic heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include an oxirane group, a thiirane group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, a tetrahydrothienyl group, a thiyl group, a tetrahydropyranyl group and / or a 1,4-dioxanyl group, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0086] In the specification, the heteroaryl group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si and S as a heteroatom. When the heteroaryl group includes two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heteroaryl group may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the heteroaryl group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10. Examples of heteroaryl groups may include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazine, triazolyl, acridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl, isoquinolyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, N-arylcarbazolyl, N-heteroarylcarbazolyl, N-alkylcarbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, thienothiphenyl, benzofuranyl, phenanthrolinyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, diphenylsilyl and / or dibenzofuranyl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0087] In the specification, the description of the aryl group may be applied to the arylene group, except that the arylene group is a divalent group. The description of the heteroaryl group may be applied to the heteroarylene group, except that the heteroarylene group is a divalent group.

[0088] In the specification, silyl includes alkylsilyl and arylsilyl. Examples of silyl may include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, vinyldimethylsilyl, propyldimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylsilyl and / or phenylsilyl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0089] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in the carbonyl group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 40, 1 to 30, or 1 to 20. For example, the carbonyl group may have the following structure, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0090]

[0091] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl group and the sulfonyl group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 30. The sulfinyl group may include an alkylsulfinyl group and an arylsulfinyl group. The sulfonyl group may include an alkylsulfonyl group and an arylsulfonyl group.

[0092] In the specification, thio groups may include alkylthio groups and arylthio groups. A thio group may refer to a sulfur atom bonded to an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined herein. Examples of thio groups may include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio, octylthio, dodecylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, phenylthio, naphthylthio, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0093] In the specification, an oxy group may refer to an oxygen atom bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined herein. The oxy group may include an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group. The alkoxy group may be a straight chain, a branched chain or a cyclic chain. The number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. Examples of oxy groups may include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy and / or benzyloxy, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0094] In this specification, a boryl group may refer to a boron atom bonded to an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined herein. Boryl groups include alkyl boryl groups and aryl boryl groups. Examples of boryl groups may include dimethyl boryl groups, diethyl boryl groups, tert-butyl methyl boryl groups, diphenyl boryl groups and / or phenyl boryl groups, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0095] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in the amine group is not particularly limited, but can be 1 to 30. The amine group may include an alkylamine group and an arylamine group. Examples of the amine group include methylamine, dimethylamine, anilino, diphenylamine, naphthylamine and / or 9-methylanthraceneamine, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0096] In the specification, the alkyl group among the alkylthio group, the alkylthio group, the alkylaryl group, the alkylamino group, the alkylphosphino group, the alkylsilyl group, and the alkylamine group is the same as the examples of the alkyl group described herein.

[0097] In the specification, the aryl group among the aryloxy group, the arylthio group, the arylthiooxy group, the arylamino group, the arylboryl group, the arylsilyl group, and the arylamine group is the same as the examples of the aryl group described herein.

[0098] In this specification, direct connection may refer to a single bond. In the specification, and "-*" refers to the location to connect to.

[0099] Display device

[0100] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a plan view showing a display device DD according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a display device DD according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 It is shown along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the portion taken along line II'.

[0101] The display device DD of one or more embodiments may include a display panel DP. In some embodiments, the display device DD may further include an input sensing layer ISP provided on the display panel DP and an optical layer PP provided on the input sensing layer ISP. The display device DD may include light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0102] The display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the base layer BS, a display element layer DP-ED provided on the circuit layer DP-CL, and an encapsulation layer TFE provided on the display element layer DP-ED.

[0103] The base layer BS may be a member providing a base surface on which the circuit layer DP-CL is provided. The base layer BS may be a flexible base that is bendable, foldable, or rollable. The base layer BS may be a glass base, a metal base, or a polymer base. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the base layer BS may include an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0104] The base layer BS may include a single layer or multiple layers. For example, the base layer BS may include a first synthetic resin layer, multiple layers or a single layer of inorganic layers, and a second synthetic resin layer provided on the multiple layers or the single layer of inorganic layers. Each of the first synthetic resin layer and the second synthetic resin layer may include a polyimide resin. In addition, each of the first synthetic resin layer and the second synthetic resin layer may include at least one of acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyisoprene resin, vinyl resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, cellulose resin, siloxane resin, polyamide resin, and perylene resin. In this specification, the term "something-based" resin refers to a functional group including "something".

[0105] The circuit layer DP-CL is provided on the base layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL may include an insulating layer, a semiconductor pattern, a conductive pattern and / or a signal line, etc. For example, the circuit layer DP-CL may include a switching transistor and a driving transistor for driving the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 of the display element layer DP-ED.

[0106] The display element layer DP-ED may include a pixel definition layer PDL and light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. Each of the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may have a Figures 3 to 11Each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, emission layers EML-R, EML-G and EML-B, an electron transport region ETR and a second electrode EL2.

[0107] refer to Figure 2 , the emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be provided in the opening OH defined in the pixel defining film PDL. The hole transport region HTR, the electron transport region ETR, and the second electrode EL2 may be provided as a common layer throughout the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and Figure 2 Unlike the configuration shown in , the hole transport region HTR and the electron transport region ETR can be provided by patterning in the opening OH defined in the pixel definition film PDL. For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR, the emission layers EML-R, EML-G and EML-B, and the electron transport region ETR of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 can be provided by patterning in an inkjet printing method.

[0108] The encapsulation layer TFE may cover the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE may seal the display element layer DP-ED. The encapsulation layer TFE may be provided on the second electrode EL2, and may be provided to fill the opening OH.

[0109] The encapsulation layer TFE may be a thin film encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer TFE may be a single layer or formed by stacking multiple layers. The encapsulation layer TFE includes at least one insulating layer. The encapsulation layer TFE according to one or more embodiments may include at least one inorganic film (hereinafter referred to as an encapsulation inorganic film). The encapsulation layer TFE according to one or more embodiments may also include at least one organic film (hereinafter referred to as an encapsulation organic film) and at least one encapsulation inorganic film.

[0110] The encapsulated inorganic film protects the display element layer DP-ED from moisture and / or oxygen, and the encapsulated organic film protects the display element layer DP-ED from foreign substances such as dust particles. The encapsulated inorganic film may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium oxide and / or aluminum oxide, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not particularly limited thereto. The encapsulated organic film may include acrylic compounds and / or epoxy compounds, etc. The encapsulated organic film may include a photopolymerizable organic material, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not particularly limited thereto.

[0111] The input sensing layer ISP may be provided on the display panel DP. The input sensing layer ISP may sense an external input, convert the external input into a set or predetermined input signal, and provide the input signal to the display panel DP. For example, in the display device DD of one or more embodiments, the input sensing layer ISP may be a touch sensing unit that senses a touch. The input sensing layer ISP may recognize a user's direct touch, a user's indirect touch, an object's direct touch, and / or an object's indirect touch, etc.

[0112] The input sensing layer ISP may sense at least one of the position and force (pressure) of the touch applied externally. The display panel DP may receive an input signal from the input sensing layer ISP and generate an image corresponding to the input signal. For example, the input sensing layer ISP may sense the external input in a capacitive manner. However, this is an example, and the driving method of the input sensing layer ISP is not limited to any one embodiment.

[0113] The input sensing layer ISP may be formed on the display panel DP by a substantially continuous process. In this case, the input sensing layer ISP may be provided directly on the display panel DP. For example, a separate adhesive member may not be provided between the input sensing layer ISP and the display panel DP. In some embodiments, the input sensing layer ISP may be bonded to the display panel DP by an adhesive member. The adhesive member may include a typical adhesive or a pressure adhesive.

[0114] In the specification, one component being directly provided on another component means that no third component is provided between the one component and the other component. For example, one component being directly provided on another component means that one component is in contact with the other component.

[0115] The input sensing layer ISP may include a base insulating layer IS-L1, a first conductive layer IS-C1 provided on the base insulating layer IS-L1, a first insulating layer IS-L2 provided on the first conductive layer IS-C1, a second conductive layer IS-C2 provided on the first insulating layer IS-L2, and a second insulating layer IS-L3 provided on the second conductive layer IS-C2. Unlike the illustrated configuration, the base insulating layer IS-L1 may not be provided.

[0116] Each of the base insulating layer IS-L1, the first insulating layer IS-L2, and the second insulating layer IS-L3 may include a single layer or a multilayer. Each of the base insulating layer IS-L1, the first insulating layer IS-L2, and the second insulating layer IS-L3 may include an organic material or an inorganic material. Each of the base insulating layer IS-L1, the first insulating layer IS-L2, and the second insulating layer IS-L3 may include at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and silicon oxide. In some embodiments, each of the base insulating layer IS-L1, the first insulating layer IS-L2, and the second insulating layer IS-L3 may include an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, or an imide resin.

[0117] Each of the first conductive layer IS-C1 and the second conductive layer IS-C2 may include a single layer or multiple layers. Each of the first conductive layer IS-C1 and the second conductive layer IS-C2 may include a metal layer or a transparent conductive layer as a single layer. The metal layer may include molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al) or an alloy thereof. The transparent conductive layer may include a transparent conductive oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO) or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). In some embodiments, the transparent conductive layer may include a conductive polymer such as poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a metal nanowire and / or graphene, etc.

[0118] Each of the first conductive layer IS-C1 and the second conductive layer IS-C2 may include a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO. In some embodiments, each of the first conductive layer IS-C1 and the second conductive layer IS-C2 may include at least one metal layer and at least one transparent conductive layer.

[0119] The optical layer PP may be provided on the input sensing layer ISP. When the input sensing layer ISP is not included, the optical layer PP may be provided on the display panel DP. The optical layer PP may control reflected light in the display panel DP due to external light. The optical layer PP may include, for example, a polarizing layer or a color filter layer. In some embodiments, unlike the configuration shown in the drawings, the optical layer PP may not be provided.

[0120] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, an active area DD-AA and a peripheral area DD-NAA may be defined in the display device DD. The active area DD-AA may be an area that is activated in response to an electrical signal. The peripheral area DD-NAA may be an area positioned adjacent to at least one side of the active area DD-AA. The peripheral area DD-NAA may be provided around the active area DD-AA (e.g., surrounding the active area DD-AA). However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and unlike the configuration shown, a portion of the peripheral area DD-NAA may not be provided. A driving circuit or driving wiring for driving the active area DD-AA may be arranged in the peripheral area DD-NAA.

[0121] The active region DD-AA may include a non-light emitting region NPXA and light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. Each of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be a region in which light generated by corresponding light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 is emitted. The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be spaced and / or separated from each other on a plane.

[0122] Each of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be a region divided (defined) by a pixel-defining film PDL. The non-light-emitting region NPXA may be a region between adjacent light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B corresponding to the pixel-defining film PDL. In the specification, the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may correspond to pixels, respectively. The pixel-defining film PDL may divide the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be provided in the opening OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL and separated from each other. At least one of the emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may include a first emission layer EML-1 (see Figure 3 ) and the second emission layer EML-2 (see Figure 3 ).

[0123] The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be divided into a plurality of groups according to the colors of the lights generated from the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. Figure 1 and Figure 2In the display device DD of one or more embodiments shown in , three light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B that emit red light, green light, and blue light, respectively, are exemplarily shown. For example, the display device DD of one or more embodiments may include a red light-emitting region PXA-R, a green light-emitting region PXA-G, and a blue light-emitting region PXA-B that are separated from each other.

[0124] In a display device DD according to one or more embodiments, a plurality of light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light beams having different wavelengths from each other. In one or more embodiments, the display device DD may include a first light emitting element ED-1, a second light emitting element ED-2, and a third light emitting element ED-3 that are spaced and / or separated from each other on a first direction axis DR1 perpendicular to a third direction axis DR3. The first light emitting element ED-1 may emit a first light, the second light emitting element ED-2 may emit a second light having a wavelength shorter than that of the first light, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may emit a third light having a wavelength shorter than that of the second light. For example, the first light emitting element ED-1 may emit red light, the second light emitting element ED-2 may emit green light, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may emit blue light. The second light emitting element ED-2 may include a first emission layer EML-1 as described elsewhere herein (see Figure 3 ) and the second emission layer EML-2 (see Figure 3 ). The red light emitting region PXA-R, the green light emitting region PXA-G, and the blue light emitting region PXA-B of the display device DD may correspond to the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3, respectively.

[0125] However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may emit light beams in substantially the same wavelength range, or at least one light-emitting element may emit light beams in a wavelength range different from that of the other light-emitting elements. For example, the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may all emit blue light.

[0126] The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B in the display device DD may be arranged in a stripe form. Figure 1, a plurality of red light emitting regions PXA-R may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2, a plurality of green light emitting regions PXA-G may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2, and a plurality of blue light emitting regions PXA-B may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2. In some embodiments, the red light emitting regions PXA-R, the green light emitting regions PXA-G, and the blue light emitting regions PXA-B may be alternately arranged in this order along the first direction axis DR1.

[0127] Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is shown that all the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B have similar areas, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Therefore, the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have different areas from each other according to the wavelength range of the emitted light. In this case, the areas of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may refer to the areas when viewed on a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2 (e.g., in a plan view).

[0128] In some embodiments, the arrangement of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B is not limited to Figure 1 The configuration shown in , and the order in which the red light emitting area PXA-R, the green light emitting area PXA-G and the blue light emitting area PXA-B are arranged can be provided in one or more suitable combinations according to the display quality characteristics required in the display device DD.

[0129] In some embodiments, the areas of the corresponding light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the area of ​​the green light-emitting region PXA-G may be smaller than the area of ​​the blue light-emitting region PXA-B, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0130] Such as Figure 1 The accompanying drawings show a first direction axis DR1, a second direction axis DR2, and a third direction axis DR3, and the directions indicated by the first direction axis DR1, the second direction axis DR2, and the third direction axis DR3 described in this specification are relative concepts and can be transformed into other directions. In some embodiments, the directions indicated by the first direction axis DR1, the second direction axis DR2, and the third direction axis DR3 can be described as a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction, and the same reference symbols can be used. In the specification, the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2 are orthogonal to each other, and the third direction axis DR3 can be a normal direction relative to a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2.

[0131] The thickness direction of the display device DD may be a direction parallel to the third directional axis DR3. An upper side (or upper surface) and a lower side (or lower surface) may be defined relative to the third directional axis DR3. A cross section refers to a surface parallel to the thickness direction (i.e., the third directional axis DR3), and a plane refers to a surface perpendicular to the thickness direction (i.e., the third directional axis DR3). A plane refers to a plane defined by the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2.

[0132] Figures 3 to 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include a first electrode EL1, a first emission layer EML-1 provided on the first electrode EL1, a second emission layer EML-2 provided on the first emission layer EML-1, and a second electrode EL2 provided on the second emission layer EML-2. In some embodiments, the light emitting element ED may further include a hole transport region HTR provided between the first electrode EL1 and the first emission layer EML-1, and an electron transport region ETR provided between the second emission layer EML-2 and the second electrode EL2.

[0133] In one or more embodiments, the first emission layer EML-1 may include a first dopant, and the second emission layer EML-2 may include a second dopant different from the first dopant. The triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the second dopant may be higher than or greater than the triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the first dopant. Based on 100% of the total thickness TH of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2, the thickness TN1 of the first emission layer EML-1 may be approximately 50% or less. Therefore, the display device DD including the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 may exhibit excellent or suitable display quality and display efficiency. The first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 are described in more detail elsewhere in this document.

[0134] and Figure 3 compared to, Figure 4 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL and an electron transport layer ETL. Figure 3 compared to, Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments is shown, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL and an electron blocking layer EBL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL, an electron transport layer ETL and a hole blocking layer HBL. Figure 3 compared to, Figure 6A cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments is shown, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL and an electron blocking layer EBL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron transport layer ETL and a hole blocking layer HBL. Figure 4 compared to, Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments including a cover layer CPL provided on the second electrode EL2 is shown.

[0135] The first emission layer EML-1 including the first dopant may be provided adjacent to the hole transport region HTR, and the second emission layer EML-2 including the second dopant may be provided adjacent to the electron transport region ETR. For example, the first emission layer EML-1 may be provided adjacent to the electron blocking layer EBL, and the second emission layer EML-2 may be provided adjacent to the hole blocking layer HBL. The second emission layer EML-2 may be provided directly on the first emission layer EML-1. The first emission layer EML-1 may be in contact with the second emission layer EML-2. A separate functional layer (e.g., a hole transport region, an electron transport region, and / or a charge generation layer, etc.) may not be provided between the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2.

[0136] The first emission layer EML-1 may include a first dopant, and the second emission layer EML-2 may include a second dopant different from the first dopant. Each of the first dopant and the second dopant may include a metal coordination compound in which a ligand is bonded to a central metal. The central metal of the first dopant may be the same as or different from the central metal of the second dopant. At least one of the first dopant and the second dopant may include a metal coordination compound containing platinum (Pt) as the central metal. For example, one of the first dopant and the second dopant (e.g., the first) may include a first metal coordination compound, the first metal coordination compound including (e.g., including) platinum (Pt) as the central metal, and the other (the second of the first dopant and the second dopant) may include a second metal coordination compound, the second metal coordination compound including (e.g., including) platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), rhenium (Re), gold (Au) or osmium (Os) as the central metal.

[0137] The first dopant may include a compound represented by Formula DA-1. The first emission layer EML-1 may include a compound represented by Formula DA-1. The compound represented by Formula DA-1 may be a metal coordination compound including platinum (Pt) as a central metal.

[0138] Formula DA-1

[0139]

[0140] In formula DA-1, Q 1 To Q 4 can each independently be C or N. For example, Q 1 and Q 3 can be N, and Q 2 and Q 4 Can be C. In some embodiments, Q 1 and Q 3 Can be C, and Q 2 and Q 4 Can be N.

[0141] C1 to C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, C1 to C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl group.

[0142] Y 1 To Y 4 Each of them can be independently directly linked, *-O-*, *-S-*, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, Y 1 To Y 4 Can be directly connected or *-O-* independently. 1 To Y 4 In the table, “-*” refers to the difference between platinum (Pt) and Q 1 To Q 4 The location of the connection.

[0143] L 11 To L 13 Can be directly connected, *-O-*, *-S-*, A substituted or unsubstituted divalent amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 11 To L 13 In the above code, “-*” refers to 1 To C 4 The location of the connection.

[0144] b11 to b13 may each independently be 0 or 1. When b11 is 0, C1 and C2 may not be connected to each other. When b12 is 0, C2 and C3 may not be connected to each other. When b13 is 0, C3 and C4 may not be connected to each other.

[0145] R 61 To R 66 Each of the R and R groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R 61 To R 66 It may be a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted isopropyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted n-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. However, this is only an example, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0146] d1 to d4 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 4. When d1 is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R 61 When d1 is 0, the compound represented by Formula DA-1 may not be R 61 Replace. d1 is 4 and four R 61 The case where d1 is 0 can be the same as the case where d2 is an integer of 2 or more. 62 When d2 is 0, the compound represented by Formula DA-1 may not be R 62 Replace. d2 is 4 and four R 62 The case where d3 is a hydrogen atom may be the same as the case where d2 is 0. When d3 is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R 63 When d3 is 0, the compound represented by Formula DA-1 may not be R 63 Replace. d3 is 4 and four R 63 The case where d4 is a hydrogen atom may be the same as the case where d3 is 0. When d4 is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R 64 When d4 is 0, the compound represented by Formula DA-1 may not be R 64 Replace. d4 is 4 and four R 64The case where d4 is a hydrogen atom may be the same as the case where d4 is 0.

[0147] The first compound may include any one selected from the compounds in Compound Group 1.

[0148] The first emission layer EML-1 may include any one of the compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds in compound group 1:

[0149] Compound Group 1

[0150]

[0151]

[0152] The second dopant may include any one selected from the compounds in Compound Group 2.

[0153] The second emission layer EML-2 may include any one of the compounds selected from the compound group 2:

[0154] Compound Group 2

[0155]

[0156] Table 1 shows the peak emission wavelengths (λ max ), the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level and the triplet excited state energy level (T1).

[0157] Table 1

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] The first dopant may be a highly efficient phosphorescent dopant. The emission spectrum of the first dopant may have a large degree of overlap with the spectral tristimulus values. The emission spectrum of the second dopant may have a small degree of overlap with the spectral tristimulus values. Therefore, the first dopant may be a phosphorescent dopant that achieves relatively high efficiency, and the second dopant may be used to adjust the side surface brightness ratio.

[0161] A display device DD including a first emission layer EML-1 including a first dopant as a high-efficiency phosphorescent dopant and a second emission layer EML-2 including a second dopant for adjusting a side surface brightness ratio (see Figure 1 ) may have an improved side-to-surface brightness ratio and exhibit excellent or suitable display efficiency. A display device DD including a first emission layer EML-1 and a second emission layer EML-2 (see Figure 1 ) can exhibit excellent or suitable display quality.

[0162] Because light has linearity, in a display device that implements light, brightness and / or color varies with the angle at which the display device is viewed. When the brightness of the front surface of the display device is compared with the brightness of the side surface of the display device, a comparable display device shows relatively low brightness on the side surface. A comparable display device has a large brightness change according to the viewing angle and shows reduced brightness on the side surface.

[0163] In a comparable display device, only a single emission layer including a high-efficiency phosphorescent dopant is provided to improve efficiency, and in this case, the side-to-surface brightness ratio is reduced. As the emission spectrum of the phosphorescent dopant overlaps the spectral tristimulus value more (e.g., more), the efficiency increases, but the side-to-surface brightness ratio decreases. In contrast, the display device DD of one or more embodiments may include a first emission layer EML-1 and a second emission layer EML-2, the first emission layer EML-1 including a first dopant as a high-efficiency phosphorescent dopant, and the second emission layer EML-2 including a second dopant for adjusting the side-to-surface brightness ratio, thereby improving the side-to-surface brightness ratio and exhibiting excellent or suitable display efficiency.

[0164] In one or more embodiments, the triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the second dopant may be higher than or greater than the triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the first dopant. The triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the first dopant may be about 2.05 eV to about 2.25 eV. The triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the second dopant may be about 2.26 eV to about 2.35 eV. The difference between the triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the second dopant and the triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the first dopant may be about 0.15 eV or less. The difference between the triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the second dopant and the triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the first dopant may be greater than about 0.0 eV. For example, the difference between the triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the second dopant and the triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the first dopant may be about 0.01 eV or greater.

[0165] The peak emission wavelength (λ max ) can be greater than the peak emission wavelength (λ max ) is long. Peak emission wavelength (λ max ) may refer to the wavelength representing the highest intensity in the emission spectrum of the dopant. The peak emission wavelength (λ) of the first dopant max ) may be from about 520 nm to about 570 nm. The peak emission wavelength (λ max ) may be about 500 nm to about 560 nm. The peak emission wavelength (λ max ) and the peak emission wavelength (λmax ) may be about 10 nm or less. The peak emission wavelength (λ max ) and the peak emission wavelength (λ max ) can be greater than about 0 nm. For example, the peak emission wavelength (λ max ) and the peak emission wavelength (λ max ) can be about 1 nm or more.

[0166] The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the first dopant may be higher than or greater than the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the second dopant. Because the HOMO energy level is a negative number, the absolute value of the HOMO energy level of the first dopant may be less than the absolute value of the HOMO energy level of the second dopant. The HOMO energy level of the first dopant may be shallower than the HOMO energy level of the second dopant (e.g., less than or less than the HOMO of the second dopant).

[0167] The HOMO energy level of the first dopant may be about -4.50 eV to about -4.40 eV. The HOMO energy level of the second dopant may be about -4.70 eV to about -4.55 eV. The difference between the HOMO energy level of the first dopant and the HOMO energy level of the second dopant may be about 0.25 eV or less. The difference between the HOMO energy level of the first dopant and the HOMO energy level of the second dopant may be greater than about 0.00 eV. For example, the difference between the HOMO energy level of the first dopant and the HOMO energy level of the second dopant may be about 0.01 eV or more.

[0168] As described herein, the emission spectrum of the first dopant can have a large degree of overlap with the spectral tristimulus values. Thus, the peak emission wavelength (λ max ) can be greater than the peak emission wavelength (λ max ) long. The peak emission wavelength of the second dopant for adjusting the side surface brightness ratio may be a relatively short wavelength. The HOMO energy level of the first dopant may be higher than or greater than the HOMO energy level of the second dopant. The triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the second dopant may be higher than or greater than the triplet excited state energy level (T1) of the first dopant. A display device DD having a first emission layer EML-1 and a second emission layer EML-2 comprising a first dopant and a second dopant satisfying a peak emission wavelength range / difference as described herein, a HOMO energy level range / difference as described herein, and / or a triplet excited state energy level range / difference as described herein (see Figure 1 ) can exhibit excellent or suitable display efficiency and excellent or suitable display quality.

[0169] In one or more embodiments, based on 100% of the total thickness TH of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2, the thickness TN1 of the first emission layer EML-1 may be about 10% to about 50%. The total thickness TH of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 can be obtained by adding the thickness TN1 of the first emission layer EML-1 and the thickness TN2 of the second emission layer EML-2. For example, based on 100% of the total thickness TH of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2, the thickness TN1 of the first emission layer EML-1 may be about 15% to 50%. The thickness TN1 of the first emission layer EML-1 may be about 50 angstroms. To about However, this is an example, and the value of the thickness TN1 of the first emission layer EML-1 is not limited thereto.

[0170] The display device DD including the first emission layer EML-1 satisfying the thickness range described herein (see Figure 1 ) can exhibit an excellent or suitable side surface brightness ratio and an excellent or suitable display efficiency. In contrast, based on 100% of the total thickness TH of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2, the side surface brightness ratio of the display device including the first emission layer EML-1 with a thickness greater than about 50% is reduced. The side surface brightness ratio refers to the brightness ratio of the side surface at 45° relative to the front surface. The front surface may have an angle of 90°.

[0171] When the thickness TN1 of the first emission layer EML-1 is greater than about 50% based on 100% of the total thickness TH of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2, the thickness TN2 of the second emission layer EML-2 is relatively reduced. Therefore, the characteristic of improving the side surface brightness ratio of the second emission layer EML-2 including the second dopant is not presented, and the display device DD (see Figure 1 ) has a lower side surface brightness ratio. In addition, based on 100% of the total thickness TH of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2, the first emission layer EML-1 having a thickness TN1 less than about 10% may not achieve high efficiency, and therefore, the display device DD (see Figure 1 On the other hand, in one or more embodiments, a display device DD including a first emission layer EML-1 having a thickness TN1 of about 10% to about 50% based on 100% of the total thickness TH of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 (see Figure 1 ) can have improvements in side-to-surface brightness ratio and display efficiency.

[0172] Each of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 may include a single body or multiple bodies. When each of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 includes a single body, the body included in the first emission layer EML-1 may be the same as or different from the body included in the second emission layer EML-2. When one of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 includes a single body and the other includes multiple bodies, the single body may be the same as any one of the multiple bodies. On the other hand, when one of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 includes a single body and the other includes multiple bodies, the single body may be different from the multiple bodies. When each of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 includes multiple bodies, the multiple bodies included in the first emission layer EML-1 and the multiple bodies included in the second emission layer EML-2 may be the same as each other, or at least one may be different from the others.

[0173] Each of the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 may include at least one of a first host compound represented by Formula HT-1 and a second host compound represented by Formula ET-1. The first host compound represented by Formula HT-1 may be a hole transport host material.

[0174] Formula HT-1

[0175]

[0176] In formula HT-1, A 1 To A 8 can be N or C (R 51 ). For example, A 1 To A 8 Both can be C(R 51 ). In some embodiments, A 1 To A 8 Any one of them can be N, and the rest can be C(R 51 ).

[0177] L 1 It may be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 It may be a direct connection, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent biphenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent carbazole group. However, this is an example, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0178] Y a Can be directly connected, C(R52 )(R 53 ) or Si(R 54 )(R 55 ). For example, the two benzene rings connected to the nitrogen atom in formula HT-1 are directly connected, In formula HT-1, when Y a In case of direct connection, the first host compound represented by Formula HT-1 may include a carbazole moiety.

[0179] Ar 1 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group. However, this is an example, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0180] R 51 To R 55 Each of the R and R groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R 51 To R 55 Each may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or an unsubstituted methyl group, or an unsubstituted phenyl group. However, this is an example, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0181] The first host compound represented by formula HT-1 may be represented by any one selected from the compounds represented in compound group HT. For example, the first emission layer EML-1 and / or the second emission layer EML-2 may include at least one selected from the compounds represented in compound group HT as a hole transport host material. In compound group HT, D refers to a deuterium atom, and Ph refers to an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0182] Compound Group HT

[0183]

[0184]

[0185]

[0186]

[0187]

[0188]

[0189] The second host compound represented by Formula ET-1 may be an electron transport host material. The second host compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a nitrogen-containing ring group as a central structure.

[0190] Formula ET-1

[0191]

[0192] In formula ET-1, selected from X 1 To X 3 At least one of them may be N, and the remaining groups (e.g., the remaining X 1 To X 3 Each of the 56 ). For example, select X 1 To X 3 One of them can be N, and the remaining groups (e.g., the remaining X 1 To X 3 Each of) can be independently C(R 56 In this case, the second host compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a pyridine moiety. In some embodiments, X 1 To X 3 Two of them can be N, and X 1 To X 3 The remaining one can be C(R 56 In this case, the second host compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a pyrimidine moiety. In some embodiments, X 1 To X 3 All of them may be N. In this case, the second host compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a triazine moiety. 56 It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms.

[0193] Ar 2 To Ar 4and R and R are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 2 To Ar 4 Each independently may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.

[0194] b1 to b3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10. 2 To L 4 Each of them may be independently a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. When b1 is an integer of 2 or more, L 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. When b2 is an integer of 2 or more, L 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. When b3 is an integer of 2 or more, L 4 It is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0195] The second host compound may be represented by any one of the compounds selected from the compound group ET. The first emission layer EML-1 and / or the second emission layer EML-2 may include at least one of the compounds selected from the compound group ET as an electron transport host material. In the compound group ET, D refers to a deuterium atom, and Ph refers to an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0196] Compound Group ET

[0197]

[0198]

[0199]

[0200]

[0201]

[0202]

[0203]

[0204]

[0205]

[0206]

[0207]

[0208] For example, at least one selected from the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 may include a first host compound and a second host compound, and the first host compound and the second host compound may form an exciplex. In at least one selected from the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2, the exciplex may be formed by a hole transport host and an electron transport host. In the exciplex, energy is transferred to the first dopant and / or the second dopant, and thus light may be emitted.

[0209] Table 2 shows peak emission wavelengths (λ) of dopants provided to a display device according to an example of one or more embodiments and a display device according to a comparative example. max ), HOMO energy level and dopant triplet excited state energy level (T1).

[0210] Table 2

[0211] Dopant <![CDATA[λ max (nm)]]> HOMO(eV) T1(eV) Dopant A1 531 -4.46 2.20 Dopant A2 521 -4.60 2.31 Dopant A3 509 -4.53 2.14 Dopant R1 525 -4.52 2.24

[0212] Referring to Table 2, dopants A1 to A3 have a peak emission wavelength of about 500nm to about 570nm. Dopant A1 satisfies the HOMO energy level of the first dopant according to one or more embodiments. The HOMO energy level of the first dopant according to one or more embodiments may be about -4.50eV to about -4.40eV. Dopant A2 satisfies the HOMO energy level of the second dopant according to one or more embodiments. The HOMO energy level of the second dopant according to one or more embodiments may be about -4.70eV to about -4.55eV. The difference between the peak emission wavelength of dopant A1 and the peak emission wavelength of dopant A2 is about 10nm or less. The difference between the HOMO energy level of dopant A1 and the HOMO energy level of dopant A2 is at most about 0.25eV (e.g., or less). The difference between the triplet excited state energy level of dopant A1 and the triplet excited state energy level of dopant A2 is at most 0.15eV (e.g., or less). For example, the dopant A1 and the dopant A2 satisfy a difference in peak emission wavelength, a difference in HOMO energy level, and a difference in triplet excited state energy level according to one or more embodiments.

[0213] Table 3 shows evaluations of driving voltage, light efficiency, and side surface brightness ratio in display devices according to examples of one or more embodiments and display devices according to comparative examples. In Table 3, at 10 mA / cm2 (mA / cm 2 ), and the side surface brightness ratio shows the brightness ratio at the front surface (90° angle) and the side surface (45° angle). The light efficiency represents a relative value when the value measured in the display device of Comparative Example 1 is set to 100%. The display devices of the comparative example and the example differ in the thickness of the first emission layer and the second emission layer and the type (species) of the first dopant and the second dopant, and the other configurations may be independently the same.

[0214] In Table 3, "first emission layer" and "second emission layer" each show a dopant included in the emission layer and a thickness of the emission layer. In the light-emitting element of Example 1, dopant A1 is included in the first emission layer, dopant A2 is included in the second emission layer, and the thickness of each of the first emission layer and the second emission layer is about In the display devices of the example and the comparative example, the total thickness of the emission layer is the same. Unlike the display devices of Examples 1 and 2, the display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 include a single emission layer. When the side surface brightness ratio is at least about 41.0 (e.g., or greater), it is determined to be reliable.

[0215] Table 3

[0216]

[0217] Referring to Table 3, it can be seen that the display devices of Comparative Examples 2 and 5 and Examples 1 and 2 exhibit relatively high light efficiency compared to the display devices of Comparative Examples 1, 3, 4, and 6 to 9. It can be seen that the display devices of Comparative Examples 1, 3, 4, 7 to 9 and Examples 1 and 2 exhibit excellent or suitable side surface brightness ratios. In general, it can be seen that the display devices of Examples 1 and 2 have improved side surface brightness ratios and exhibit excellent or suitable light efficiency. According to one or more embodiments, the display devices of Examples 1 and 2 include a first emission layer and a second emission layer. In the display devices of Examples 1 and 2, the triplet excited state energy level of the dopant A2 included in the second emission layer is higher than or greater than the triplet excited state energy level of the dopant A1 included in the first emission layer. In some embodiments, in the display devices of Examples 1 and 2, the thickness of the first emission layer is about 50% or less based on 100% of the total thickness of the first emission layer and the second emission layer. Based on 100% of the total thickness of the first emission layer and the second emission layer, the thickness of the first emission layer in Example 1 is about 50%, and the thickness of the first emission layer in Example 2 is about 20%. Therefore, it can be seen that the display device including the first emission layer and the second emission layer according to one or more embodiments has an improved side-to-surface brightness ratio and exhibits excellent or suitable display efficiency.

[0218] It is believed that the display devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 include a single emission layer and exhibit relatively low light efficiency or a relatively small side surface brightness ratio. It is believed that the display device of Comparative Example 5 exhibits a relatively small side surface brightness ratio because the thickness of the first emission layer is greater than about 50% based on 100% of the total thickness of the first emission layer and the second emission layer. In the display devices of Comparative Examples 6 to 9, the triplet excited state energy level of the dopant included in the second emission layer is lower than the triplet excited state energy level of the dopant included in the first emission layer. Therefore, it is believed that the display devices of Comparative Examples 6 to 9 exhibit relatively low light efficiency or a relatively small side surface brightness ratio.

[0219] In addition to the first dopant and the second dopant as described herein, the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 may also include materials to be described. In some embodiments, the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 (see Figure 2 ) may include a first dopant and a second dopant, and the remaining light-emitting elements may include materials to be described. For example, the second light-emitting element ED-2 (see Figure 2 ) may include a first dopant and a second dopant.

[0220] The first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 may each further include anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, derivatives, dihydrobenzanthracene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, triazine derivatives or triphenylene derivatives. The first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED2 and the third light-emitting element ED-3 (reference Figure 2 ) may include anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, derivatives, dihydrobenzanthracene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, triazine derivatives or triphenylene derivatives.

[0221] The first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 may further include a compound represented by Formula E-1. The first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 (see Figure 2 ) or both may further include a compound represented by formula E-1.

[0222] Formula E-1

[0223]

[0224] In formula E-1, R 31 To R 40 Each of R and R may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. In some embodiments, R 31 To R 40 It may bond with an adjacent group to form a saturated hydrocarbon ring or an unsaturated hydrocarbon ring, a saturated heterocyclic ring or an unsaturated heterocyclic ring.

[0225] In Formula E-1, c and d may each independently be an integer of 0 to 5.

[0226] Formula E-1 can be represented by any one selected from Compound E1 to Compound E19:

[0227]

[0228]

[0229] The first emission layer EML-1 and / or the second emission layer EML-2 may include a compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b. The first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 (see Figure 2 ) Any one or both of them may also include a compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b. The compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b may be used as a phosphorescent host material.

[0230] Formula E-2a

[0231]

[0232] In Formula E-2a, a may be an integer from 0 to 10, L a It may be a directly connected, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, when a is an integer of 2 or more, multiple L a Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0233] In some embodiments, in Formula E-2a, A 1 To A 5 can be N or C (R i ). In formula E-2a, selected from A 1 To A 5 Two or three of them can be N, and the rest can be C(R i ).

[0234] R a To R i Each may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. a To R i It may be bonded with an adjacent group to form a hydrocarbon ring or a heterocyclic ring containing N, O and / or S etc. as ring-constituting atoms.

[0235] Formula E-2b

[0236]

[0237] In Formula E-2b, Cbz1 and Cbz2 may each independently be an unsubstituted carbazolyl group or a carbazolyl group substituted with an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. b is a directly connected, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, b is an integer from 0 to 10, and when b is an integer of 2 or more, multiple L b Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0238] The compound represented by formula E-2a or formula E-2b can be represented by any one of the compounds of compound group E-2. However, the compounds listed in compound group E-2 are examples, and the compounds represented by formula E-2a or formula E-2b are not limited to those represented in compound group E-2.

[0239] Compound Group E-2

[0240]

[0241]

[0242]

[0243] The first emission layer EML-1 and / or the second emission layer EML-2 may also include a general material suitable as a host material in the art. Figure 2 ) may include a general material suitable as a host material in the art.

[0244] For example, at least one selected from bis(4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane (BCPDS), (4-(1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)cyclohexyl)phenyl)diphenyl-phosphine oxide (POPCPA), bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO), 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), 2,8-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)dibenzo[b,d]furan (PPF), 4,4',4"-tri(carbazole-9-yl)-triphenylamine (TCTA), and 1,3,5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi) may be provided as a host material. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, tris(8-hydroxyquinolinyl)aluminum (Alq3 ), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN), distyrene (DSA), 4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2'-dimethyl-biphenyl (CDBP), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), hexaphenylcyclotriphosphazene (CP1), 1,4-bis(triphenylsilyl)benzene (UGH2), hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane (DPSiO 3 ) and / or octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane (DPSiO 4 ) etc. as the main material.

[0245] The first emission layer EML-1 or the second emission layer EML-2 may include a compound represented by the formula Ma. Figure 2 ) may further include a compound represented by formula Ma. The compound represented by formula Ma may be used as a phosphorescent dopant material.

[0246] Formula Ma

[0247]

[0248] In formula Ma, Y 1 To Y 4 and Z 1 To Z 4 can be independently C(R 1 ) or N, R 1 To R 4 Each independently may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. In formula Ma, m is 0 or 1, and n is 2 or 3. In formula Ma, when m is 0, n is 3, and when m is 1, n is 2.

[0249] The compound represented by formula Ma can be used as a phosphorescent dopant. The compound represented by formula Ma can be represented by any one selected from compound M-a1 to compound M-a25. However, compound M-a1 to compound M-a25 are examples, and the compound represented by formula Ma is not limited to those represented by compound M-a1 to compound M-a25:

[0250]

[0251]

[0252] The first emission layer EML-1 or the second emission layer EML-2 may further include a compound represented by any one selected from Formula Fa to Formula Fc. The first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 (see Figure 2 ) may also include a compound represented by any one selected from Formula Fa to Formula Fc.

[0253] Formula

[0254]

[0255] In the above formula Fa, R a To R j The two of them can be independently *-NAr 1 Ar 2 Replace. a To R j Among them, the unrecognized 1 Ar 2 The other substituted groups may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0256] In *-NAr 1 Ar 2 in Ar 1 and Ar 2 and Ar may be each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 or Ar 2 At least one of may be a heteroaryl group containing O or S as a ring-forming atom.

[0257] Formula Fb

[0258]

[0259] In formula Fb, R a and R bEach may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. Ar 1 To Ar 4 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0260] In Formula Fb, U and V may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To Ar 4 At least one of them may be a heteroaryl group containing O or S as a ring-forming atom.

[0261] In formula Fb, the number of rings represented by U and V (hereinafter referred to as the number of U, the number of V) can be 0 or 1 independently of each other. For example, in formula Fb, it means that when the number of U or V is 1, one ring constitutes a fused ring at the portion indicated by U or V, and when the number of U or V is 0, the ring indicated by U or V does not exist. For example, when the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1, or when the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0, the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with four rings. In some embodiments, when each number of U and V is 0, the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with three rings. In some embodiments, when each number of U and V is 1, the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with five rings.

[0262] Formula Fc

[0263]

[0264] In Formula Fc, A 1 and A 2 can be independently O, S, Se or NR m , and R m R may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To R 11Each may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0265] In Formula Fc, A 1 and A 2 Each of A and B may independently bond to a substituent of an adjacent ring to form a fused ring. 1 and A 2 Can be independently NR m When A 1 Can be used with R 4 or R 5 In some embodiments, A 2 Can be used with R 7 or R 8 bonded to form a ring.

[0266] The first emission layer EML-1 or the second emission layer EML-2 may also include a styryl derivative (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]stilbene (DPAVB), N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)naphthalene) as a suitable material. -2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-N-phenylaniline (N-BDAVBi) and 4,4'-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi)), perylene and its derivatives (for example, 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP)) and / or pyrene or its derivatives (for example, 1,1'-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenylbenzene and 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene), etc.

[0267] The first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED2 and the third light emitting element ED-3 (see Figure 2 ) Any one or both may also include quantum dot materials. The core of the quantum dot may be selected from II-VI group compounds, I-II-VI group compounds, II-IV-VI group compounds, I-II-IV-VI group compounds, II-IV-V group compounds, III-VI group compounds, I-III-VI group compounds, III-V group compounds, III-II-V group compounds, IV-VI group compounds, IV group elements, IV group compounds, and combinations thereof.

[0268] The II-VI compound can be selected from the group consisting of the following compounds: a binary compound selected from the group consisting of CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS and mixtures thereof; a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, Cd ZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS and mixtures thereof; and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and mixtures thereof.

[0269] In some embodiments, the II-VI group compound may also include a group I metal and / or a group IV element. The I-II-VI group compound may be selected from CuZnS, and ZnSnS and the like may be selected as the II-IV-VI group compound. The I-II-IV-VI group compound may be selected from: a quaternary compound selected from Cu 2 ZnSnS 2 , Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 , Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 、Ag 2 ZnSnS 2 and mixtures thereof.

[0270] The II-IV-V group compound may be selected from ZnSnP, ZnSnP 2 、ZnSnAs 2 、ZnGeP 2 、ZnGeAs 2 、CdSnP 2 、CdGeP 2 and mixtures thereof constitute a group of ternary compounds.

[0271] III-VI compounds may include: binary compounds such as GaS, Ga 2 S 3 ,GaSe,Ga 2 Se 3 , GaTe, InTe, InS, InSe, In 2 S 3 or In2 Se 3 ; Ternary compounds such as InGaS 3 or InGaSe 3 ; or any combination thereof.

[0272] The I-III-VI group compound can be selected from: a ternary compound selected from AgInS, AgInS 2 、CuInS、CuInS 2 、AgGaS 2 、CuGaS 2 、CuGaO 2 、AgGaO 2 、AgAlO 2 and mixtures thereof; or quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS 2 or CuInGaS 2 .

[0273] The III-V compound may be selected from the group consisting of: a binary compound selected from the group consisting of GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the III-V compound may also include a Group II metal. For example, InZnP or the like may be selected as the III-II-V group compound.

[0274] The IV-VI compound may be selected from the group consisting of the following compounds: a binary compound selected from the group consisting of SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe and mixtures thereof; a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe and mixtures thereof, and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe and mixtures thereof. The IV group element may be selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge and mixtures thereof. The IV group compound may be a binary compound selected from the group consisting of SiC, SiGe and mixtures thereof.

[0275] Each element included in a multinary compound such as a binary compound, a ternary compound, or a quaternary compound may be present in the particle in a substantially uniform or non-substantially uniform concentration distribution. For example, the formula refers to the type (species) of the element included in the compound, and the ratio of the elements in the compound may be different. For example, AgInGaS 2 Can refer to AgIn x Ga 1-x S 2 (where x is a real number between 0 and 1).

[0276] In some embodiments, the quantum dot may have a single structure, or a core-shell dual structure in which the concentration of each element included in the quantum dot is substantially uniform. For example, the material included in the core may be different from the material included in the shell.

[0277] The shell of the quantum dot can be used as a protective layer to prevent or reduce the chemical denaturation of the core to maintain the semiconductor properties, and / or as a charging layer to give the quantum dot electrophoretic properties. The shell can be a single layer or a multilayer. The interface between the core and the shell can have a concentration gradient, where the concentration of the element present in the shell becomes lower towards the center.

[0278] In some embodiments, quantum dots can have a core-shell structure as described herein, which includes a core comprising nanocrystals and a shell around the core (e.g., surrounding the core). Examples of the shell of quantum dots can include metal or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or combinations thereof.

[0279] For example, a metal or non-metal oxide may be SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、ZnO、MnO、Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4, CuO, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 or binary compounds of NiO, or such as MgAl 2 O 4 、CoFe 2 O 4 、NiFe 2 O 4 or CoMn 2 O 4 ternary compound, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0280] In addition, examples of semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP and / or AlSb, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0281] Each element included in a multi-component compound such as a binary compound or a ternary compound may be present in the particle in a substantially uniform or non-substantially uniform concentration distribution. For example, the formula refers to the type (species) of the element included in the compound, and the ratio of the elements in the compound may be different.

[0282] The quantum dots can have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission wavelength spectrum of about 45 nm or less, about 40 nm or less, and another about 30 nm or less, and within the above range, color purity or color reproducibility can be improved. In some embodiments, the light emitted by such quantum dots is emitted in all directions, thereby improving the wide viewing angle.

[0283] In some embodiments, although the form of quantum dots is not particularly limited as long as it is a form commonly used in the art, more specifically, quantum dots in the form of spherical, pyramidal, multi-armed or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers and / or nanoplates, etc. can be used.

[0284] When the size of the quantum dots is adjusted or the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound is adjusted, the energy band gap can be controlled, and therefore, light within one or more suitable wavelength ranges can be obtained in the quantum dot emission layer. Therefore, using quantum dots as above (using quantum dots of different sizes or different ratios of elements in quantum dot compounds), and therefore, a light-emitting element that emits light within one or more suitable wavelengths can be realized. For example, the size of the quantum dots or the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound can be selected to emit red light, green light, and / or blue light. In some embodiments, quantum dots can be configured to emit white light by combining one or more suitable colors of light.

[0285] Reference again Figure 3 , the first electrode EL1 has conductivity (for example, is a conductor). The first electrode EL1 may be formed of a metal material, a metal alloy, or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 may be an anode or a cathode. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive reflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include at least one selected from Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, and Zn, a compound selected from two or more of these, a mixture selected from two or more of these, or an oxide thereof.

[0286] When the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include a transparent metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). When the first electrode EL1 is a semi-transmissive reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, Mo, Ti, W, a compound or mixture thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg), or a material such as LiF / Ca (a stacking structure of LiF and Ca), LiF / Al (a stacking structure of LiF and Al). In some embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a semi-transmissive reflective film formed of a material described herein and a transparent conductive film formed of ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO, etc. For example, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first electrode EL1 may include the metal material described herein, a combination of at least two of the metal materials described herein, and / or an oxide of the metal material described herein, etc. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be approximately To about For example, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be approximately To about

[0287] The hole transport region HTR is provided on the first electrode EL1. The hole transport region HTR may include at least one of a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, a buffer layer, and an emission auxiliary layer or an electron blocking layer EBL. The thickness of the hole transport region HTR may be, for example, about 100 Å. To about The hole transport region HTR may have a single layer formed of a single material, a single layer formed of a plurality of different materials, or a multilayer structure including a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

[0288] For example, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure of a hole injection layer HIL or a hole transport layer HTL, or may have a single-layer structure formed of a hole injection material and a hole transport material. In some embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure formed of a plurality of different materials, or a structure in which a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL, a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer, a hole injection layer HIL / buffer layer, a hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer, or a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / electron blocking layer EBL are stacked in sequence from the first electrode EL1, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0289] The hole transport region HTR may be formed using one or more suitable methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, an inkjet printing method, a laser printing method, and a laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0290] The hole transport region HTR may include a compound represented by Formula H-1:

[0291] Formula H-1

[0292]

[0293] In formula H-1, L 1 and L 2 Each of a and b may be independently a directly connected, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. a and b may be independently an integer from 0 to 10. In some embodiments, when a or b is an integer of 2 or more, multiple L 1 and L 2Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0294] In formula H-1, Ar 1 and Ar 2 may be each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 3 The aryl group may be substituted or unsubstituted and has 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0295] The compound represented by formula H-1 herein may be a monoamine compound. In some embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 herein may be wherein Ar 1 To Ar 3 At least one of the diamine compounds includes an amine group as a substituent. In some embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 herein may be 1 and Ar 2 At least one of the carbazole compounds includes a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, or in Ar 1 and Ar 2 A fluorene compound in which at least one of the compounds includes a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group.

[0296] The compound represented by Formula H-1 may be represented by any one selected from the compounds in Compound Group H. However, the compounds listed in Compound Group H are examples, and the compound represented by Formula H-1 is not limited to those represented by Compound Group H:

[0297] Compound Group H

[0298]

[0299]

[0300] The hole transport region HTR may include at least one selected from the following compounds: a phthalocyanine compound such as copper phthalocyanine; N 1 ,N 1 '-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N 1 -phenyl-N 4 ,N 4-di-m-tolylphenyl-1,4-diamine)(DNTPD); 4,4',4"-[tri(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA); 4,4',4"-tri(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA); 4,4',4"-tri[N(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-triphenylamine (2-TNATA); poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS); polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PA NI / DBSA); polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA); polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS); N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB); triphenylamine-containing polyetherketone (TPAPEK); 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium [tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate]; and / or dipyrazine [2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HATCN), etc.

[0301] The hole transport region HTR may include at least one selected from the following compounds: carbazole derivatives such as N-phenylcarbazole or polyvinylcarbazole, fluorene derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives such as N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD) or 4,4',4"-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD) and / or 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), etc.

[0302] In some embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (CCP) and / or 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), etc.

[0303] The hole transport region HTR may include the compound described herein of the hole transport region in at least one of the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL.

[0304] The thickness of the hole transport region HTR may be approximately To about For example, approximately To about When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole injection layer HIL, the hole injection layer HIL may have, for example, approximately To about When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport layer HTL may have a thickness of about To about For example, when the hole transport region HTR includes the electron blocking layer EBL, the electron blocking layer EBL may have a thickness of about To about When the thicknesses of the hole transport region HTR, the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL satisfy the ranges described herein, satisfactory hole transport properties may be achieved without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0305] In addition to the materials described herein, the hole transport region HTR may further include a charge generating material to increase conductivity. The charge generating material may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region HTR. The charge generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may include at least one of a halogenated metal compound, a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano-containing compound, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the p-dopant may include: a metal halide compound such as CuI or RbI; a quinone derivative such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ); a metal oxide such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide; and / or a cyano-containing compound such as dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexanitrile (HATCN) or 4-[[2,3-bis[cyano-(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylene]cyclopropylene]-cyanomethyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile (NDP9), etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0306] As described herein, in addition to the hole injection layer HIL and the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport region HTR may further include at least one of a buffer layer and an electron blocking layer EBL. The buffer layer may compensate for the resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer EML, and thus the light emission efficiency may be improved. The material that may be included in the hole transport region HTR may be used as the material to be included in the buffer layer. The electron blocking layer EBL is a layer for preventing or reducing electrons from being injected from the electron transport region ETR into the hole transport region HTR.

[0307] An electron transport region ETR may be provided on the second emission layer EML-2. The electron transport region ETR may include at least one of a hole blocking layer HBL, an electron transport layer ETL, and an electron injection layer EIL, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0308] The electron transport region ETR may have a single layer formed of a single material, a single layer formed of a plurality of different materials, or a multilayer structure including a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

[0309] For example, the electron transport region ETR may have a single-layer structure of an electron injection layer EIL or an electron transport layer ETL, and may have a single-layer structure formed of an electron injection material and an electron transport material. In some embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may have a single-layer structure formed of a plurality of different materials, or may have a structure in which an electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL, a hole blocking layer HBL / electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL are stacked in sequence from the emission layer EML, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The electron transport region ETR may have, for example, approximately To about Thickness.

[0310] The electron transport region ETR may be formed by using one or more appropriate methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, an inkjet printing method, a laser printing method, and a laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0311] The electron transport region ETR may include a compound represented by Formula ET-2:

[0312] Formula ET-2

[0313]

[0314] In formula ET-2, X 1 To X 3 At least one of may be N, and X 1 To X 3 The remaining groups in can be C(R a ). a Ar may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To Ar 3Each may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0315] In Formula ET-2, a to c may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10. In Formula ET-2, L 1 To L 3 Each of a to c may be independently a directly connected, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, when a to c may be independently an integer of 2 or more, L 1 To L 3 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0316] The electron transport region ETR may include an anthracene compound. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the electron transport region ETR may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq 3 ), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-phenyl-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (B phen), 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalene-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (tBu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(10-hydroxybenzoquinolinolato)beryllium (Bebq 2 ), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB) or a mixture thereof.

[0317] The electron transport region ETR may include at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds ET1 to ET36:

[0318]

[0319]

[0320]

[0321] In some embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include: a metal halide such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI, or KI; a lanthanide metal such as Yb; and a co-deposited material of the metal halide and the lanthanide metal. For example, the electron transport region ETR may include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, and / or LiF:Yb as the co-deposited material. In some embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may utilize a metal halide such as Li 2 The electron transport region ETR may be formed by a metal oxide of O or BaO or 8-hydroxy-quinoline lithium (Liq), etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The electron transport region ETR may also be formed by a mixture material of an electron transport material and an insulating organic metal salt. The organic metal salt may be a material having an energy band gap of about 4 eV or greater. For example, the organic metal salt may include, for example, a metal acetate, a metal benzoate, a metal acetoacetate, a metal acetylacetonate, or a metal stearate.

[0322] In addition to the materials described herein, the electron transport region ETR may further include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The electron transport region ETR may include the compound described herein of the hole transport region in at least one of the electron injection layer EIL, the electron transport layer ETL, and the hole blocking layer HBL.

[0323] When the electron transport region ETR includes the electron transport layer ETL, the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL may be about 100 Å. To about For example, approximately To about When the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL satisfies the aforementioned range, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage. When the electron transport region ETR includes the electron injection layer EIL, the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL can be about To about For example, approximately To about When the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL satisfies the range described herein, satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained without significantly increasing driving voltage.

[0324] The second electrode EL2 may be provided on the electron transport region ETR. The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be a cathode or an anode, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, when the first electrode EL1 is an anode, the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode, and when the first electrode EL1 is a cathode, the second electrode EL2 may be an anode.

[0325] The second electrode EL2 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive reflective electrode or a reflective electrode. When the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive electrode, the second electrode EL2 may be formed of a transparent metal oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and / or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc.).

[0326] When the second electrode EL2 is a semi-transmissive reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, Mo, Ti, Yb, W or a compound or mixture thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb or MgYb), or a material such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca), LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). In some embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a semi-transmissive reflective film formed of a material described herein and a transparent conductive film formed of ITO, IZO, ZnO and / or ITZO, etc. For example, the second electrode EL2 may include a metal material described herein, a combination of at least two metal materials among the metal materials described herein, and / or an oxide of a metal material described herein, etc.

[0327] The second electrode EL2 may be connected to the auxiliary electrode. When the second electrode EL2 is connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 may be reduced.

[0328] In some embodiments, a cover layer CPL may be further provided on the second electrode EL2 of the light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments. The cover layer CPL may include a multi-layer or a single layer.

[0329] The capping layer CPL may be an organic layer or an inorganic layer. For example, when the capping layer CPL includes (eg, contains) an inorganic material, the inorganic material may include an alkali metal compound (eg, LiF), an alkaline earth metal compound (eg, MgF 2 )、SiON、SiN x and / or SiO y wait.

[0330] For example, when the capping layer CPL includes an organic material, the organic material may include α-NPD, NPB, TPD, m-MTDATA, Alq 3 , CuPc, N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetrakis(biphenyl-4-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD15) and / or 4,4',4"-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), etc., or epoxy resin, or acrylate resin such as methacrylate resin. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the cover layer CPL may include at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds P1 to P5:

[0331]

[0332] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the cover layer CPL may be about 1.6 or more. For example, with respect to light in a wavelength range of about 550 nm to about 660 nm, the refractive index of the cover layer CPL may be about 1.6 or more.

[0333] Figures 8 to 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figures 8 to 11 In the description, no longer describe the reference Figures 1 to 7 Rather, rather than describing repeated features of the invention, their differences will be primarily described (eg, described in more detail).

[0334] and Figure 3 compared to, Figures 8 to 11 The light emitting element shown in FIG. 1 is different from the light emitting element shown in FIG. 1 in that it further includes a third emission layer EML-3, a fourth emission layer EML-4 and / or a fifth emission layer EML-5 which are spaced apart and / or separated from the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2. Figures 8 to 11 A light emitting element having a tandem structure may be shown.

[0335] refer to Figure 8 , the third emission layer EML-3 may be provided between the second emission layer EML-2 and the second electrode EL2. The charge generation layer CGL may be provided between the second emission layer EML-2 and the second electrode EL2. The charge generation layer CGL may include a p-type or p-type charge generation layer and / or an n-type or n-type charge generation layer. The third emission layer EML-3 may be provided between the charge generation layer CGL and the second electrode EL2. The third emission layer EML-3 may include a first dopant. For example, the third emission layer EML-3 may include a phosphorescent dopant capable of achieving high efficiency. The difference between the peak emission wavelength of the third emission layer EML-3 including the first dopant and the peak emission wavelength of the second emission layer EML-2 including the second dopant may be about 10 nm or less.

[0336] Figure 8 The light emitting element ED shown in the figure may include two hole transport regions HTR-1 and HTR-2 and two electron transport regions ETR-1 and ETR-2. The first hole transport region HTR-1 may be provided between the first electrode EL1 and the first emission layer EML-1, and the second hole transport region HTR-2 may be provided between the charge generation layer CGL and the third emission layer EML-3. The first electron transport region ETR-1 may be provided between the second emission layer EML-2 and the charge generation layer CGL. The second electron transport region ETR-2 may be provided between the third emission layer EML-3 and the second electrode EL2. Figure 8 The light emitting element ED shown in the figure may include a first electrode EL1, a first hole transport region HTR-1, a first emission layer EML-1, a second emission layer EML-2, a first electron transport region ETR-1, a charge generation layer CGL, a second hole transport region HTR-2, a third emission layer EML-3, a second electron transport region ETR-2 and a second electrode EL2 stacked sequentially.

[0337] The description of the hole transport region HTR as described herein may be equally applicable to the first hole transport region HTR-1 and the second hole transport region HTR-2. The description of the electron transport region ETR as described herein may be equally applicable to the first electron transport region ETR-1 and the second electron transport region ETR-2.

[0338] and Figure 8 The light emitting element ED shown in FIG. Fig. 9 In the light emitting element ED shown in , the difference is that the third emission layer EML-3 is provided between the first electrode EL1 and the first emission layer EML-1. The third emission layer EML-3 may be provided between the first electrode EL1 and the charge generation layer CGL. The first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 may be provided between the charge generation layer CGL and the second electrode EL2. The third emission layer EML-3 may include a first dopant. The difference between the peak emission wavelength of the third emission layer EML-3 including the first dopant and the peak emission wavelength of the second emission layer EML-2 including the second dopant may be about 10nm or less. Fig. 9 The light emitting element ED shown in the figure may include a first electrode EL1, a first hole transport region HTR-1, a third emission layer EML-3, a first electron transport region ETR-1, a charge generation layer CGL, a second hole transport region HTR-2, a first emission layer EML-1, a second emission layer EML-2, a second electron transport region ETR-2 and a second electrode EL2 stacked sequentially.

[0339] and Figure 8The light emitting element ED shown in FIG. Fig.10 In the light emitting element ED shown in , the difference is that it includes a fourth emission layer EML-4 and a fifth emission layer EML-5 that are spaced and / or separated from the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2. The fifth emission layer EML-5 may be provided directly on the fourth emission layer EML-4, and the fourth emission layer EML-4 may be in contact with the fifth emission layer EML-5. The fourth emission layer EML-4 may correspond to the first emission layer EML-1, and the fifth emission layer EML-5 may correspond to the second emission layer EML-2. The fourth emission layer EML-4 may include a first dopant according to one or more embodiments, and the fifth emission layer EML-5 may include a second dopant according to one or more embodiments. Based on 100% of the total thickness of the fourth emission layer EML-4 and the fifth emission layer EML-5, the thickness of the fourth emission layer EML-4 may be approximately 10% to approximately 50%.

[0340] and Figure 8 compared to, Fig.11 is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element ED, wherein the first hole transport region HTR-1 includes a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL, the first electron transport region ETR-1 includes a first electron transport layer ETL-1, the charge generation layer CGL includes a first charge generation layer CGL-1 and a second charge generation layer CGL-2, the second hole transport region HTR-2 includes an electron blocking layer EBL, and the second electron transport region ETR-2 includes a second electron transport layer ETL-2 and an electron injection layer EIL. The first charge generation layer CGL-1 may be an n-type or kind of charge (e.g., n-charge) generation layer, and the second charge generation layer CGL-2 may be a p-type or kind of charge (e.g., p-charge) generation layer.

[0341] Fig.11 The light emitting element ED shown in the figure may include a first electrode EL1, a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, a first emission layer EML-1, a second emission layer EML-2, a first electron transport layer ETL-1, a first charge generation layer CGL-1, a second charge generation layer CGL-2, an electron blocking layer EBL, a third emission layer EML-3, a second electron transport layer ETL-2, an electron injection layer EIL and a second electrode EL2 stacked in sequence.

[0342] Figures 12 to 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figures 12 to 15 In the description, no longer describe the reference Figures 1 to 11 Instead of describing the repeated features, their differences will be mainly described.

[0343] refer to Fig.12 According to one or more embodiments, the display device DD-a may include a display panel DP, a light control layer CCL, and a color filter layer CFL, the display panel DP includes a display element layer DP-ED, and the light control layer CCL is provided on the display panel DP. Fig.12 In one or more embodiments shown in , the display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the base layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED, and the display element layer DP-ED may include a light emitting element ED.

[0344] The light emitting element ED may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR provided on the first electrode EL1, an emission layer EML provided on the hole transport region HTR, an electron transport region ETR provided on the emission layer EML, and a second electrode EL2 provided on the electron transport region ETR. The emission layer EML may be provided in an opening OH defined in a pixel defining film PDL. For example, the emission layer EML divided by the pixel defining film PDL and provided corresponding to each light emitting region PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may emit light in substantially the same wavelength range. In the display device DD-a of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may emit blue light. In some embodiments, unlike the configuration shown, in one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may be provided as a common layer in the entire light emitting region PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B.

[0345] In some embodiments, Figures 3 to 11 The structure of the light emitting element shown in FIG. 1 can also be applied to Figure 8 At least one of the emission layers EML provided respectively corresponding to the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may include a first emission layer EML-1 (see Figures 3 to 11 ) and provided in the first emission layer EML-1 (see Figures 3 to 11 ) and comprising a second emission layer EML-2 of a second dopant (see Figures 3 to 11 ). Fig.12 The display device DD-a shown in FIG. 1 may include a first emission layer EML-1 (refer to Figures 3 to 11 ) and the second emission layer EML-2 (reference Figures 3 to 11 ) to improve the side-to-surface brightness ratio and exhibit excellent or appropriate display efficiency.

[0346] The light control layer CCL may be provided on the display panel DP. The light control layer CCL may be provided on the display element layer DP-ED. The light control layer CCL may include a light converter. The light converter may be a quantum dot and / or a phosphor, etc. The light converter may emit the provided light by converting the wavelength of the provided light. For example, the light control layer CCL may be a layer including quantum dots or a layer including phosphors.

[0347] The light-controlling layer CCL may include a plurality of light-controlling parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. The light-controlling parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may be spaced apart and / or separated from each other.

[0348] refer to Fig.12 , the separation pattern BMP may be provided between the light-controlling parts CCP1 , CCP2 , and CCP3 that are spaced apart and / or separated from each other, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Fig.12 It is shown that the separation pattern BMP does not overlap with the light-controlling portions CCP1 , CCP2 , and CCP3 , but at least a portion of the edges of the light-controlling portions CCP1 , CCP2 , and CCP3 may overlap with the separation pattern BMP.

[0349] The light control layer CCL may include a first light control part CCP1 including first quantum dots QD1 that convert the first color light provided from the light emitting element ED into second color light, a second light control part CCP2 including second quantum dots QD2 that convert the first color light into third color light, and a third light control part CCP3 that transmits the first color light.

[0350] The first light control part CCP1 may provide red light as the second color light, and the second light control part CCP2 may provide green light as the third color light. The third light control part CCP3 may provide blue light by transmitting blue light as the first color light provided from the light emitting element ED. For example, the first quantum dot QD1 may be a red quantum dot, and the second quantum dot QD2 may be a green quantum dot. With respect to the quantum dots QD1 and QD2, the same contents as those described herein may be applied.

[0351] In some embodiments, the light control layer CCL may further include a scatterer SP. The first light control portion CCP1 may include a first quantum dot QD1 and a scatterer SP, the second light control portion CCP2 may include a second quantum dot QD2 and a scatterer SP, and the third light control portion CCP3 may not include (e.g., may exclude) any quantum dot but include a scatterer SP.

[0352] The scatterer SP may be inorganic particles. For example, the scatterer SP may include TiO 2 、ZnO、Al 2 O3 and SiO 2 (e.g., hollow spherical silica). The scatterer SP may include a member selected from TiO 2 、ZnO、Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 (e.g., hollow spherical silica), or may be selected from TiO 2 、ZnO、Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 A mixture of at least two materials (e.g., hollow spherical silica).

[0353] The first light control part CCP1, the second light control part CCP2, and the third light control part CCP3 may each include base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 in which quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and scatterers SP are dispersed. In one or more embodiments, the first light control part CCP1 may include first quantum dots QD1 and scatterers SP dispersed in the first base resin BR1, the second light control part CCP2 may include second quantum dots QD2 and scatterers SP dispersed in the second base resin BR2, and the third light control part CCP3 may include scatterers SP dispersed in the third base resin BR3.

[0354] The matrix resins BR1, BR2 and BR3 are the medium in which the quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and the scatterers SP are dispersed, and can be formed by one or more suitable resin compositions (which can generally be referred to as adhesives). For example, the matrix resins BR1, BR2 and BR3 can be acrylic resins, urethane resins, siloxane resins and / or epoxy resins, etc. The matrix resins BR1, BR2 and BR3 can be transparent resins. In one or more embodiments, the first matrix resin BR1, the second matrix resin BR2 and the third matrix resin BR3 can be the same or different from each other.

[0355] The light control layer CCL may include a barrier layer BFL1. The barrier layer BFL1 may be used to prevent or reduce the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen (hereinafter referred to as "moisture / oxygen"). The barrier layer BFL1 may be provided on the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 to block or reduce the exposure of the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 to moisture / oxygen. In some embodiments, the barrier layer BFL1 may cover the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. In some embodiments, the barrier layer BFL2 may be provided between the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 and the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0356] The barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include at least one inorganic layer. For example, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include an inorganic material. For example, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, silicon oxynitride and / or a metal film ensuring transmittance, etc. In some embodiments, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may also include an organic film. The barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may be formed of a single layer or a multilayer.

[0357] In the display device DD-a, the color filter layer CFL may be provided on the light control layer CCL. For example, the color filter layer CFL may be directly provided on the light control layer CCL. In this case, the blocking layer BFL2 may not be provided (eg, may be excluded).

[0358] The color filter layer CFL may include color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. The color filter layer CFL may include a first color filter CF1 configured to transmit the second color light, a second color filter CF2 configured to transmit the third color light, and a third color filter CF3 configured to transmit the first color light. The first color filter CF1, the second color filter CF2, and the third color filter CF3 may be provided corresponding to the red light emitting area PXA-R, the green light emitting area PXA-G, and the blue light emitting area PXA-B, respectively.

[0359] For example, the first color filter CF1 may be a red color filter, the second color filter CF2 may be a green color filter, and the third color filter CF3 may be a blue color filter. The color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may each include a polymerized photosensitive resin and a pigment or dye. The first color filter CF1 may include a red pigment or dye, the second color filter CF2 may include a green pigment or dye, and the third color filter CF3 may include a blue pigment or dye.

[0360] In some embodiments, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the third color filter CF3 may not include (e.g., may exclude) a pigment or a dye. The third color filter CF3 may include a polymerized photosensitive resin, and may not include (e.g., may exclude) a pigment or a dye. The third color filter CF3 may be transparent. The third color filter CF3 may be formed of a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0361] Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, the first color filter CF1 and the second color filter CF2 may be yellow color filters. The first color filter CF1 and the second color filter CF2 may not be separated but provided as one color filter.

[0362] In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light shielding portion. The light shielding portion may be a black matrix. The light shielding portion may include an organic light shielding material or an inorganic light shielding material containing a black pigment or dye. The light shielding portion may prevent or reduce light leakage and may separate the boundaries between adjacent color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. In some embodiments, the light shielding portion may be formed with a blue color filter.

[0363] A base substrate BL may be provided on the color filter layer CFL. The base substrate BL may be a member that provides a base surface on which the color filter layer CFL and / or the light control layer CCL, etc. are provided. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. In some embodiments, unlike the configuration shown, in one or more embodiments, the base substrate BL may not be provided.

[0364] Fig.13 1 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a display device DD-TD according to one or more embodiments. In the display device DD-TD of one or more embodiments, the light emitting element ED-BT may include a plurality of light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. At least one of the plurality of light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include a first emission layer EML-1 (see Figures 3 to 11 ) and provided in the first emission layer EML-1 (see Figures 3 to 11 ) and comprising a second emission layer EML-2 of a second dopant (see Figures 3 to 11 ).

[0365] The light emitting element ED-BT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 facing each other and a plurality of light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 sequentially stacked in a thickness direction between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. Each of the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include an emission layer EML (see Fig.12 ) and using the emission layer EML located between them (see Fig.12 ) separated and / or separated hole transport regions HTR (see Fig.12 ) and the electron transport region ETR (see Fig.12 ). For example, the light emitting elements ED-BT included in the display devices DD-TD may be light emitting elements having a tandem structure and including a plurality of emission layers.

[0366] exist Fig.13In one or more embodiments shown in , all light beams emitted from the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, respectively, may be blue light. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the light beams emitted from the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, respectively, may have wavelength ranges different from each other. For example, the light emitting element ED-BT including a plurality of light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 emitting light beams having wavelength ranges different from each other may emit white light.

[0367] A charge generation layer CGL may be provided between adjacent light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. The charge generation layer CGL may include a p type or species charge (eg, p-charge) generation layer and / or an n type or species charge (eg, n-charge) generation layer.

[0368] refer to Fig.14 , the display device DD-b according to one or more embodiments may include light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 in which two emission layers are stacked. Figure 2 Compared with the display device DD of one or more embodiments shown in FIG. Fig.14 The difference of one or more embodiments shown in the embodiment is that the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2 and the third light-emitting element ED-3 each include two emission layers stacked in the thickness direction. In each of the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2 and the third light-emitting element ED-3, the two emission layers can emit light in substantially the same wavelength region. At least one of the two emission layers of each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 may include a first emission layer EML-1 containing a first dopant (see Figures 3 to 11 ) and provided in the first emission layer EML-1 (see Figures 3 to 11 ) and comprising a second emission layer EML-2 of a second dopant (see Figures 3 to 11 For example, the second light emitting element ED-2 may include a first emission layer EML-1 ( Figures 3 to 11 ) and a second emission layer EML-2, and at least one of the two emission layers EML-G1 and EML-G2 in the second light emitting element ED-2 may include the first emission layer EML-1 (see Figures 3 to 11 ) and the second emission layer EML-2 (see Figures 3 to 11 ).

[0369] The first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first red emission layer EML-R1 and a second red emission layer EML-R2. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first green emission layer EML-G1 and a second green emission layer EML-G2. In some embodiments, the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first blue emission layer EML-B1 and a second blue emission layer EML-B2. The emission auxiliary portion OG may be provided between the first red emission layer EML-R1 and the second red emission layer EML-R2, between the first green emission layer EML-G1 and the second green emission layer EML-G2, and between the first blue emission layer EML-B1 and the second blue emission layer EML-B2.

[0370] The emission auxiliary part OG may include a single layer or a plurality of layers. The emission auxiliary part OG may include a charge generation layer. More specifically, the emission auxiliary part OG may include an electron transport region, a charge generation layer, and a hole transport region stacked sequentially. The emission auxiliary part OG may be provided as a common layer throughout the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the emission auxiliary part OG may be provided by patterning within an opening OH defined in a pixel defining film PDL.

[0371] The first red emission layer EML-R1, the first green emission layer EML-G1 and the first blue emission layer EML-B1 may be provided between the emission auxiliary portion OG and the electron transport region ETR. The second red emission layer EML-R2, the second green emission layer EML-G2 and the second blue emission layer EML-B2 may be provided between the hole transport region HTR and the emission auxiliary portion OG.

[0372] For example, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second red emission layer EML-R2, an emission auxiliary portion OG, a first red emission layer EML-R1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked sequentially. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second green emission layer EML-G2, an emission auxiliary portion OG, a first green emission layer EML-G1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked sequentially. The third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second blue emission layer EML-B2, an emission auxiliary portion OG, a first blue emission layer EML-B1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked sequentially.

[0373] In some embodiments, an optical auxiliary layer PL may be provided on the display element layer DP-ED. The optical auxiliary layer PL may include a polarizing layer. The optical auxiliary layer PL may be provided on the display panel DP and controls light reflected in the display panel DP due to external light. Unlike the illustrated configuration, the optical auxiliary layer PL in the display device according to one or more embodiments may not be provided (e.g., may be excluded).

[0374] and Fig.13 and Fig.14 different, Fig.15 The display device DD-c is shown to include four light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. The light emitting element ED-CT may include first and second electrodes EL1 and EL2 facing each other and a first light emitting structure OL-B1, a second light emitting structure OL-B2, a third light emitting structure OL-B3, and a fourth light emitting structure OL-C1 sequentially stacked in a thickness direction between the first and second electrodes EL1 and EL2. At least one of the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may include a first emission layer EML-1 containing a first dopant (see Figures 3 to 11 ) and provided in the first emission layer EML-1 (see Figures 3 to 11 ) and comprising a second emission layer EML-2 of a second dopant (see Figures 3 to 11 ).

[0375] The charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may be provided between the first light emitting structure OL-B1, the second light emitting structure OL-B2, the third light emitting structure OL-B3, and the fourth light emitting structure OL-C1. Among the four light emitting structures, the first light emitting structure OL-B1, the second light emitting structure OL-B2, the third light emitting structure OL-B3, and the fourth light emitting structure OL-C1 may emit blue light, and the fourth light emitting structure OL-C1 may emit green light. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first light emitting structure OL-B1, the second light emitting structure OL-B2, the third light emitting structure OL-B3, and the fourth light emitting structure OL-C1 may emit light beams in different wavelength regions. The charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 provided between the adjacent light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may include a p-type or species charge (e.g., p-charge) generation layer and / or an n-type or species charge (e.g., n-charge) generation layer.

[0376] FIG. 16A to FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an electronic device EA including a display device according to one or more embodiments. Fig.16A is a perspective view illustrating an unfolded state of the electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 16Bis a perspective view illustrating a folding operation of the electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 16C is a perspective view illustrating a folding operation of the electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig.17 is an exploded perspective view of an electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0377] The electronic device EA may be a device activated according to an electrical signal. For example, the electronic device EA may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a car navigation device, a game console, or a wearable device, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Fig.16A It is shown by way of example that the electronic device EA is a mobile phone.

[0378] The electronic device EA may include a first display surface FS defined by a first direction axis DR1 and a second direction axis DR2 crossing the first direction axis DR1. The electronic device EA may provide an image IM to a user through the first display surface FS. The electronic device EA may display an image IM toward a direction of a third direction axis DR3 on the first display surface FS parallel to each of the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2.

[0379] The electronic device EA may include a first display surface FS and a second display surface RS. The first display surface FS includes a display area F-AA, a non-display area F-NAA, and an electronic module area EMA. The second display surface RS may be defined as a surface facing at least a portion of the first display surface FS. For example, the second display surface RS may be defined as a portion of the rear surface of the electronic device EA.

[0380] The display area F-AA may be an area that is activated in response to an electrical signal. The display area F-AA may be an area that is capable of displaying an image IM and sensing one or more suitable forms of external input.

[0381] The non-display area F-NAA may be adjacent to the display area F-AA. The non-display area F-NAA may have a specific color. The non-display area F-NAA may surround the display area F-AA. Therefore, the shape of the display area F-AA may be substantially defined by the non-display area F-NAA. However, this is an example, and the non-display area F-NAA may be provided adjacent to only one side of the display area F-AA, or the non-display area F-NAA may not be provided.

[0382] The electronic module area EMA may be provided with one or more suitable electronic modules. For example, the electronic module may include at least any one of a camera, a speaker, a light detection sensor, and a heat detection sensor. The electronic module area EMA may detect an external object received through the display surfaces FS and RS, or provide a sound signal such as a voice to the outside through the display surfaces FS and RS. The electronic module may include multiple components and is not limited to any one embodiment.

[0383] The electronic module area EMA may be surrounded by the non-display area F-NAA. However, this is an example, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the electronic module area EMA may be surrounded by the display area F-AA and the non-display area F-NAA, and the electronic module area EMA may be provided in the display area F-AA.

[0384] The electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments may include at least one folding portion FA and a plurality of non-folding portions NFA1 and NFA2 extending from the folding portion FA. For example, a first non-folding portion NFA1, a folding portion FA, and a second non-folding portion NFA2 may be defined along the second direction axis DR2. The electronic device EA may include a first non-folding portion NFA1 and a second non-folding portion NFA2 that are spaced and / or separated from each other on the second direction axis DR2, and the folding portion FA is located between the first non-folding portion NFA1 and the second non-folding portion NFA2. For example, the first non-folding portion NFA1 may be provided on one side of the folding portion FA on the second direction axis DR2, and the second non-folding portion NFA2 may be provided on the other side of the folding portion FA on the second direction axis DR2.

[0385] although Fig.16A , etc. show an electronic device EA including one folding portion FA, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and a plurality of folding portions may be defined in the electronic device EA. For example, the electronic device according to one or more embodiments may include two or more folding portions, and may also include three or more non-folding portions, and each folding portion is provided between the three or more non-folding portions.

[0386] refer to Fig. 16B , the electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments may be folded relative to a first folding axis FX1 extending on a first direction axis DR1. While the electronic device EA is folded, the folding portion FA may have a set or predetermined curvature and a radius of curvature. The electronic device EA may be folded relative to the first folding axis FX1 to be transformed into an inwardly folded state so that the first non-folding portion NFA1 and the second non-folding portion NFA2 face each other and the first display surface FS is not exposed to the outside.

[0387] See also Fig. 16C , the electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments can be folded relative to the second folding axis FX2 extending on the first direction axis DR1. The electronic device EA can be folded relative to the second folding axis FX2 and can be transformed into an outward folded state so that the first display surface FS is exposed to the outside. The electronic device EA can be configured to repeat the inward folding and outward folding operations starting from the unfolding operation, but is not limited thereto.

[0388] although FIG. 16A to FIG. 16C As one or more examples, folding relative to one folding axis FX1 or FX2 is shown, but the number of folding axes and the number of non-folding parts according to the folding axes are not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device can be folded relative to multiple folding axes, and thus can be folded so that a portion of each of the first display surface FS and the second display surface RS faces each other. In some embodiments, although the first folding axis FX1 and the second folding axis FX2 are shown as being parallel to the long side of the electronic device EA, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first folding axis FX1 and the second folding axis FX2 may be parallel to the short side of the electronic device EA.

[0389] In the electronic device EA, the first non-folding portion NFA1 and the second non-folding portion NFA2 may be defined as portions having display surfaces FS and RS parallel to a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2 in a folded state, and the folding portion FA may be defined as an area between the first non-folding portion NFA1 and the second non-folding portion NFA2. The folding portion FA may include a curved portion to have a set or predetermined curvature in a folded state.

[0390] The electronic device EA may include a display device DD according to one or more embodiments (see Figure 1 and Fig.17 ) of a flexible device. FIG. 16A to FIG. 16C A flexible device capable of folding and unfolding is shown, but the operation of the electronic device EA is not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device EA may be a flexible device capable of curling and / or sliding, etc. The flexible device may be visually recognized by a user from one or more suitable angles. The electronic device EA including the display device DD according to one or more embodiments may achieve excellent or suitable display quality not only in the front surface but also in the side surface. The electronic device EA may include a first emission layer EML-1 (see Figures 3 to 11 ) and provided in the first emission layer EML-1 (see Figures 3 to 11 ) and comprising a second emission layer EML-2 of a second dopant (see Figures 3 to 11 ). Therefore, the electronic device EA can have an improved side brightness ratio and exhibit excellent or appropriate display efficiency.

[0391] refer to Fig.17 , the electronic device EA may include a lower module LM, a display device DD provided on the lower module LM, a window WL provided on the display device DD, and a protection layer PF provided on the window WL. In some embodiments, the electronic device EA may further include a housing HAU.

[0392] The housing HAU may include a material having relatively high or large rigidity. For example, the housing HAU may include a plurality of frames and / or plates formed of glass, plastic, or metal. The housing HAU may provide a specific accommodation space. The display device DD may be accommodated in the accommodation space and protected from external impacts.

[0393] The lower module LM may include a support member, a digitizer, a buffer layer and / or a shielding layer, etc. The support member may be provided in plurality. The support member may include a metal material or a polymer material. For example, the support member may be formed of stainless steel, aluminum or an alloy thereof, or may be formed of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), etc. The buffer layer may include an elastomer such as a sponge, foam or urethane resin. The shielding layer may be an electromagnetic wave shielding layer or a heat dissipation layer.

[0394] An active area DD-AA and a peripheral area DD-NAA may be defined in the display device DD. The active area DD-AA may correspond to the display area F-AA (see Fig.16A ). The display device DD may include a folding region FP-D and a first non-folding region NFP1-D and a second non-folding region NFP2-D adjacent to the folding region FP-D. The first non-folding region NFP1-D and the second non-folding region NFP2-D may be spaced and / or separated from each other, with the folding region FP-D located therebetween. The folding region FP-D may correspond to the folding portion FA (see Fig.16A ), the first unfolded region NFP1-D may correspond to the first unfolded portion NFA1 (see Fig.16A ), and the second unfolded region NFP2-D may correspond to the second unfolded portion NFA2 (see Fig.16A ).like Fig. 16B and Fig. 16C As shown in FIG. 1 , when the electronic device EA is folded, the folding region FP-D may be folded relative to the first folding axis FX1 and the second folding axis FX2 .

[0395] The window WL may include a polymer substrate or a glass substrate. For example, the window WL may include a glass substrate. The image IM generated in the display device DD (see Fig.16A ) can be sent through the window WL to be provided to the user. For example, the window WL may include ultra-thin glass (UTG).

[0396] The protection layer PF may be a functional layer that protects one surface of the window WL. The protection layer PF may include an anti-fingerprint coating agent, a hard coating agent, and / or an antistatic agent, and the like.

[0397] The electronic device EA may further include a window adhesive layer AP-W and a protective layer adhesive layer AP-P. The window adhesive layer AP-W may be provided between the display device DD and the window WL. The display device DD and the window WL may be bonded by the window adhesive layer AP-W. The protective layer adhesive layer AP-P may be provided between the window WL and the protective layer PF. The window WL and the protective layer PF may be bonded by the protective layer adhesive layer AP-P.

[0398] The window adhesive layer AP-W and the protective layer adhesive layer AP-P may include a typical adhesive or a pressure adhesive. For example, the window adhesive layer AP-W and the protective layer adhesive layer AP-P may include a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), an optically clear adhesive (OCA), or an optically clear adhesive resin (OCR). However, this is an example, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Unlike the configuration shown, at least one of the window adhesive layer AP-W and the protective layer adhesive layer AP-P may not be provided.

[0399] Fig.18 1 is a diagram showing the interior of a vehicle AM ​​in which a first display device DD-1, a second display device DD-2, a third display device DD-3, and a fourth display device DD-4 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are provided. At least one of the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 may include a display device similar to the reference display device. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figures 12 to 15 The described display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b and DD-c have the same configuration.

[0400] Fig.18 A vehicle AM ​​is shown, but this is an example, and the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 may be provided in another means of transportation such as a bicycle, a motorcycle, a train, a ship, and an airplane. In some embodiments, at least one of the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 including the same configuration as the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c of one or more embodiments may be adopted in a personal computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital terminal, a game console, a portable electronic device, a television set, a monitor, and / or an outdoor billboard, etc. In some embodiments, these are provided only as embodiments, and therefore may be adopted in other electronic devices unless departing from the present disclosure.

[0401] At least one of the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 may include a display device as shown in FIG. Figures 3 to 11 At least one of the display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may include a first emission layer EML-1 (see Figures 3 to 11 ) and provided in the first emission layer EML-1 (see Figures 3 to 11 ) and comprising a second emission layer EML-2 of a second dopant (see Figures 3 to 11 ).like Fig.18 As shown in , the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3 and the fourth display device DD-4 are provided at one or more suitable positions in the vehicle AM ​​and can be viewed by the user at one or more suitable angles. The first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3 and the fourth display device DD-4 including the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 can achieve excellent or suitable display quality in the side surface and in the front surface. The first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3 and the fourth display device DD-4 including the first emission layer EML-1 and the second emission layer EML-2 can have an improved side surface brightness ratio and exhibit excellent or suitable display quality.

[0402] refer to Fig.18 , the vehicle AM ​​may include a steering wheel HA and a gear GR for driving the vehicle AM, and a front window GL may be provided to face the driver.

[0403] The first display device DD-1 may be provided in a first area overlapping the steering wheel HA. For example, the first display device DD-1 may be a digital cluster displaying first information of the vehicle AM. The first information may include a first scale indicating the driving speed of the vehicle AM, a second scale indicating the engine speed (i.e., revolutions per minute (RPM)), and / or an image indicating the fuel status, etc. The first scale and the second scale may be indicated as digital images.

[0404] The second display device DD-2 can be provided in a second area facing the driver's seat and overlapping with the front window GL. The driver's seat can be a seat in which a steering wheel HA is provided. For example, the second display device DD-2 can be a head-up display (HUD) that displays the second information of the vehicle AM. The second display device DD-2 can be optically transparent. The second information can include a number indicating the driving speed, and can also include information such as the current time. Different from the configuration shown, the second information of the second display device DD-2 can be projected onto the front window GL for display.

[0405] The third display device DD-3 may be provided in a third area adjacent to the gear position GR. For example, the third display device DD-3 may be provided between the driver's seat and the passenger's seat, and may be a center information display (CID) of the vehicle for displaying the third information. The passenger seat may be a seat spaced and / or separated from the driver's seat, and the gear position GR is provided between the passenger's seat and the driver's seat. The third information may include information about traffic (e.g., navigation information), playing music or radio, playing video, and / or the temperature inside the vehicle AM, etc.

[0406] The fourth display device DD-4 may be spaced and / or separated from the steering wheel HA and the gear position GR, and may be provided in a fourth area adjacent to the side of the vehicle AM. For example, the fourth display device DD-4 may be a digital side mirror that displays the fourth information. The fourth display device DD-4 may display an image outside the vehicle AM ​​taken by a camera module CM provided outside the vehicle AM. The fourth information may include an image outside the vehicle AM.

[0407] The first to fourth information described herein may be examples, and the first display device DD-1, the second display device DD-2, the third display device DD-3, and the fourth display device DD-4 may also display information about the interior and exterior of the vehicle. The first to fourth information may include different information. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and a portion of the first to fourth information may include the same information as each other.

[0408] The display device of one or more embodiments may include a light-emitting element, and the light-emitting element may include a first emission layer and a second emission layer. The first emission layer may include a first dopant, and the second emission layer may include a second dopant different from the first dopant. The second emission layer may be provided on the first emission layer. The triplet excited state energy level of the second dopant may be higher than or greater than the triplet excited state energy level of the first dopant. Based on 100% of the total thickness of the first emission layer and the second emission layer, the thickness of the first emission layer may be about 10% to about 50%. Therefore, the display device of one or more embodiments may have an improved side-to-surface brightness ratio and exhibit excellent or suitable display efficiency.

[0409] The display device of one or more embodiments includes a first emission layer having a specific thickness and containing a first dopant, and a second emission layer containing a second dopant having a higher or larger triplet excited state energy level than the first dopant, thereby improving the brightness ratio in its side surface and exhibiting excellent or suitable display efficiency.

[0410] Terms such as "substantially," "about," and "approximately" are used as relative terms rather than terms of degree, and are intended to take into account the inherent deviations of measured or calculated values ​​that one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize. They may include the stated value and an acceptable range of deviation determined by one of ordinary skill in the art taking into account the limitations and errors associated with the measurement of that amount. For example, "about" may refer to one or more standard deviations, or ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0411] The numerical ranges disclosed herein include and are intended to disclose all included subranges of the same numerical precision. For example, a range of "1.0 to 10.0" includes all subranges having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as 2.4 to 7.6. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including the claims) to explicitly recite any subranges included in the ranges explicitly recited herein.

[0412] According to the light-emitting device, light-emitting element and / or any other related device or component of the embodiment of the present disclosure described herein can be implemented using any suitable hardware, firmware (e.g., application specific integrated circuit), software or a combination of software, firmware and hardware. For example, the various components of the light-emitting device and / or the light-emitting element can be formed on an integrated circuit (IC) chip or on a separate IC chip. In addition, the various components of the light-emitting device and / or the light-emitting element can be implemented on a flexible printed circuit film, a tape carrier package (TCP), a printed circuit board (PCB), or formed on a substrate. In addition, the various components of the device and / or the element can be processes or threads running on one or more processors, in one or more computing devices, executing computer program instructions and interacting with other system components to perform various functions described herein. Computer program instructions are stored in a memory, which can be implemented in a computing device using a standard storage device (e.g., a random access memory (RAM)). Computer program instructions can also be stored in other non-temporary computer-readable media (e.g., a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or a flash drive, etc.). In addition, those skilled in the art should recognize that without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the functions of various computing devices may be combined or integrated into a single computing device, or the functions of a particular computing device may be distributed on one or more other computing devices.

[0413] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that the present disclosure should not be limited to these preferred embodiments, but one or more suitable changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0414] Therefore, the technical scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the contents set forth in the specific embodiments of the specification, but is intended to be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A display device, wherein: The display device comprises: Circuit layer; and A display element layer, on the circuit layer and including a light emitting element, Wherein, the light emitting element comprises: a first electrode; a first emission layer including a first dopant and on the first electrode; a second emission layer including a second dopant different from the first dopant and on the first emission layer; and a second electrode on the second emission layer, and wherein the triplet excited state energy level of the second dopant is higher than the triplet excited state energy level of the first dopant, and The thickness of the first emission layer is 10% to 50% based on 100% of the sum of the thickness of the first emission layer and the thickness of the second emission layer.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The second emitting layer is directly on the first emitting layer.

3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: A difference between the triplet excited state energy level of the second dopant and the triplet excited state energy level of the first dopant is at most 0.15 eV.

4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The triplet excited state energy level of the first dopant is 2.05 eV to 2.25 eV, and Wherein, the triplet excited state energy level of the second dopant is 2.26 eV to 2.35 eV.

5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The peak emission wavelength of the first dopant is longer than the peak emission wavelength of the second dopant, and Wherein, a difference between the peak emission wavelength of the first dopant and the peak emission wavelength of the second dopant is at most 10 nm.

6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein: The peak emission wavelength of the first dopant is 520 nm to 570 nm, and Wherein, the peak emission wavelength of the second dopant is 500nm to 560nm.

7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The HOMO energy level of the first dopant is greater than the HOMO energy level of the second dopant, and Wherein, a difference between the HOMO energy level of the first dopant and the HOMO energy level of the second dopant is at most 0.25 eV.

8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The HOMO level of the first dopant is -4.5 eV to -4.4 eV, and The HOMO energy level of the second dopant is -4.7 eV to -4.55 eV.

9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The degree of overlap between the emission spectrum of the first dopant and the spectral tristimulus values ​​is greater than the degree of overlap between the emission spectrum of the second dopant and the spectral tristimulus values.

10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: At least one of the first dopant and the second dopant includes a metal coordination compound including platinum as a central metal.

11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The first of the first dopant and the second dopant includes a first metal coordination compound, the first metal coordination compound including platinum as a central metal, and the second of the first dopant and the second dopant includes a second metal coordination compound, the second metal coordination compound including platinum, iridium, titanium, cobalt, copper, zinc, zirconium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, gold or osmium as a central metal.

12. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The first dopant includes a compound represented by Formula DA-1: Formula DA-1 and Wherein, in formula DA-1, Q1 to Q4 are each independently C or N, C1 to C4 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, Y1 to Y4 are each independently a direct link, *—O—*, *—S—*, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, L 11 To L 13 Each is independently connected to direct connection, *-O-*, *-S-*, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, b11 to b13 are each independently 0 or 1, R 61 To R 66 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, and / or bonds to an adjacent group to form a ring, and d1 to d4 are each independently an integer of 0 to 4.

13. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The light emitting element further comprises: a charge generation layer between the first electrode and the first emission layer; and a third emission layer between the first electrode and the charge generation layer, and A difference between a peak emission wavelength of the third emission layer and a peak emission wavelength of the second emission layer is at most 10 nm.

14. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The light emitting element further comprises: a charge generation layer between the second emission layer and the second electrode; and a third emission layer between the charge generation layer and the second electrode, and A difference between a peak emission wavelength of the third emission layer and a peak emission wavelength of the second emission layer is at most 10 nm.

15. A display device, wherein: The display device comprises: Circuit layer; and a display element layer on the circuit layer and including a first light emitting element, a second light emitting element and a third light emitting element spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction, wherein the first light emitting element will emit a first light, the second light emitting element will emit a second light having a wavelength shorter than the wavelength of the first light, and the third light emitting element will emit a third light having a wavelength shorter than the wavelength of the second light, The second light emitting element comprises: a first electrode; a first emission layer including a first dopant and on the first electrode; a second emission layer including a second dopant different from the first dopant and on the first emission layer; and a second electrode, on the second emission layer, wherein the triplet excited state energy level of the second dopant is higher than the triplet excited state energy level of the first dopant, and The thickness of the first emission layer is 10% to 50% based on 100% of the sum of the thickness of the first emission layer and the thickness of the second emission layer.

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