A laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality

Abstract

The present invention discloses a laser head air path structure for improving cutting quality, comprising: a laser, a laser channel, a focusing mechanism, an air supply unit and a nozzle device; wherein, the laser channel is vertically arranged in the middle of the laser, the focusing mechanism is horizontally installed in the laser channel inside the laser, the nozzle device is vertically installed below the laser, and an independent first air channel and a second air channel are provided in the nozzle device, and the first air channel and the second air channel respectively spray protective gas to the laser cutting point from corresponding blowing points at the same time; an air supply unit is installed between the laser and the nozzle device, and the air supply unit is used to supply protective gas to the first air channel and the second air channel in the nozzle device; the spray direction of the first air channel is directly facing the cutting focus position of the laser; the spray direction of the second air channel is the peripheral position of the cutting focus circle of the laser.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cutting equipment, and in particular relates to a laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality. Background Art

[0002] Laser cutting uses a high-power density focused laser beam to scan the surface of the material, heating the material to several thousand or even tens of thousands of degrees Celsius in a very short time, causing the material to melt or vaporize instantly. At the same time, the shielding gas is used to isolate the metal in the cutting area from contact with oxygen, and help blow away the molten metal impurities generated during the cutting process, so as to achieve the purpose of cutting the material. In the existing technology, most laser heads use a nozzle structure with a very small aperture at one end of the internal airway, so that the shielding gas can pass directly. The shielding gas flow directly enters the internal airway of the laser head through the ventilation joint and finally flows out from the nozzle to assist the laser in cutting. This can easily lead to uneven distribution of the airflow in the cutting area, resulting in uneven quality of the cutting edge, burrs, slag and other phenomena, affecting the cutting accuracy. At the same time, since the shielding gas is prone to turbulence inside, the airflow is not stable enough, and the ejection cooling effect is not ideal, resulting in a larger heat-affected zone and the cutting edge may discolor or deform.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a laser head gas path structure that improves cutting quality to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality, comprising: a laser, a laser channel, a focusing mechanism, an air supply unit, and a nozzle device; wherein the laser channel is vertically arranged in the middle of the laser, the focusing mechanism is horizontally installed in the laser channel within the laser, and the nozzle device is vertically installed below the laser, wherein the nozzle device is provided with independent first and second air channels, and the first and second air channels respectively and simultaneously spray protective gas from corresponding blowing points to the laser cutting points; an air supply unit is installed between the laser and the nozzle device, and the air supply unit is used to supply protective gas to the first and second air channels in the nozzle device;

[0005] The jetting direction of the first gas channel is directly facing the cutting focus position of the laser;

[0006] The jetting direction of the second gas channel is the peripheral position of the cutting focus circle of the laser.

[0007] Further, as a preference, the air supply unit includes an inner shaft cylinder, which is coaxially fixed in the laser, and an annular sleeve is provided on the outer surface of the inner shaft cylinder, and the annular sleeve and the inner shaft cylinder are sealed and matched to form an annular airflow cavity; a protective tube is detachably mounted on the laser, and the protective tube is coaxially mounted outside the annular sleeve;

[0008] An air supply device is provided outside the laser, one end of the air supply device is connected to the air flow cavity through an air guide tube, the lower end surface of the annulus is in sealing contact with the nozzle device, and a first air hole and a second air hole are vertically opened in the annulus, the first air hole is connected to the first air channel of the nozzle device, and the second air hole is connected to the second air channel of the nozzle device.

[0009] Furthermore, preferably, the first pores and the second pores are both arranged in an arc shape, and the aperture of the first pores is larger than the aperture of the second pores, so that the protective gas flow in the first air channel is always larger than the protective gas flow in the second air channel.

[0010] Further, preferably, the nozzle device comprises:

[0011] A bobbin is sleeved outside the laser, and two vertically arranged outer convex edges are symmetrically fixed on the outer wall of the bobbin;

[0012] a sleeve rotatably sleeved on the outside of the barrel, wherein the inner wall of the sleeve is in sealing contact with each of the outer convex edges, and the first air channel and the second air channel are distributed on the left and right sides through the outer convex edges;

[0013] A plurality of fixing rings are arranged vertically, each of which is sleeved outside the bobbin;

[0014] Guide blocks are circumferentially distributed on the side wall of the fixing ring, and one end surface of the guide blocks is in sealing contact with the sleeve;

[0015] Slip rings are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the fixed rings and are rotatably sleeved outside the bobbin. The slip rings and the fixed rings are alternately distributed, and the outer walls of the slip rings are provided with connecting blocks corresponding to the guide blocks. The connecting blocks on each slip ring are connected and fixed to the sleeve. A motor drive unit is provided outside the laser, and the output end of the motor drive unit is connected to the sleeve for transmission through gear meshing.

[0016] A nozzle is connected below the barrel.

[0017] Furthermore, as a preference, the connecting block on the slip ring can be distributed on the same vertical line or staggered with the guide block during the rotation adjustment of the slip ring;

[0018] When the connecting block and the guide block at the first air channel are distributed in the same vertical line, the connecting block and the guide block at the second air channel are staggered.

[0019] Furthermore, preferably, a cavity is provided inside the connecting block, and two diverter plates are symmetrically arranged in the upper and lower parts of the cavity. The diverter plates are vertically slidably connected in the connecting block, and a spring is provided in the cavity between the diverter plates; when the connecting block and the guide block are in the same vertical line, the diverter plates are retracted into the cavity.

[0020] Furthermore, as a preference, a gas guide seat is coaxially fixed on the nozzle, an inner channel and an outer channel connected to the first gas channel and the second gas channel are provided in the gas guide seat, a conical nozzle is fixed in the laser, the conical nozzle and the nozzle are sealed to form a gas guide chamber, one end of the inner channel is connected to the gas guide chamber, so that the protective gas is ejected through the annular channel below the gas guide chamber.

[0021] Furthermore, as a preference, the nozzle is sealed with the air guide seat, and an inner ring groove is provided at the upper end of the nozzle, and the outer channel is connected to the inner ring groove;

[0022] A plurality of slots are distributed in the nozzle, and the upper end of each slot is connected to the inner annular groove. The lower end of the nozzle is provided with perforations, and the perforations are connected to the slots in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0023] Furthermore, preferably, each of the perforations is arranged at an angle and faces a tangential direction of the periphery of the cutting focus circle.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The nozzle device used in the laser in the present invention has two air channels, namely an independent first air channel and a second air channel. The first air channel can spray protective gas directly at the cutting focus position of the laser, which can more effectively prevent oxidation and avoid burrs and slag on the cutting edge; and the second air channel can spray out obliquely along the tangential direction of the outer periphery of the cutting focus through multiple perforations, forming an airflow barrier surrounding the cutting area and having a vortex effect, effectively blowing away molten metal impurities, making the airflow more concentrated and effective, and improving the cutting quality; in particular, the protective gases in the first air channel and the second air channel can both pass through the guide block and the connecting block in the nozzle device to achieve a rectification effect, reducing the instability of the airflow, avoiding airflow fluctuations as much as possible, further improving the cutting quality, and can be adjusted in real time according to the specific characteristics of the cutting material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first airway and the second airway in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure at center A;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first pore and the second pore in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the nozzle device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing ring and the guide block in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the slip ring and the connecting block in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the connecting block in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the nozzle in the present invention;

[0035] In the figure: 1. Laser; 11. Laser channel; 12. Focusing mechanism; 13. Inner shaft cylinder; 2. Air supply unit; 21. Ring sleeve; 22. Protective tube; 23. Air supply device; 24. First air hole; 25. Second air hole; 3. Nozzle device; 31. First air channel; 32. Second air channel; 33. Bore tube; 34. Outer convex edge; 35. Sleeve; 36. Fixed ring; 37. Guide block; 38. Slip ring; 39. Connecting block; 391. Diverter plate; 4. Spring; 5. Nozzle; 51. Inner ring groove; 52. Gap; 53. Perforation; 6. Air guide seat; 61. Inner channel; 62. Outer channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] See also Figures 1-9 In an embodiment of the present invention, a laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality includes: a laser 1, a laser channel 11, a focusing mechanism 12, an air supply unit 2, and a nozzle device 3; wherein the laser channel 11 is vertically arranged in the middle of the laser 1, a focusing mechanism 12 is horizontally installed in the laser channel 11 in the laser 1, and a nozzle device 3 is vertically installed below the laser 1, and an independent first air channel 31 and a second air channel 32 are provided in the nozzle device 3, and the first air channel 31 and the second air channel 32 respectively spray protective gas to the laser cutting point from corresponding blowing points at the same time; an air supply unit 2 is installed between the laser 1 and the nozzle device 3, and the air supply unit 2 is used to supply protective gas (usually an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, which can prevent the metal in the cutting area from contacting with oxygen in the air, thereby avoiding oxidation of the metal) to the first air channel 31 and the second air channel 32 in the nozzle device 3; the protective gas can help blow away the molten metal and impurities generated during the cutting process, and keep the cutting area clean;

[0037] The jet direction of the first air channel 31 is directly toward the cutting focus of the laser 1; on the one hand, it can more effectively prevent oxidation and reduce burrs and dross on the cutting edge; on the other hand, it can effectively cool the cutting area and reduce the heat-affected zone, while blowing away part of the molten metal and impurities to keep the cutting area clean;

[0038] The spray direction of the second air channel 32 is the peripheral position of the cutting focus circle of the laser 1; it can form an airflow barrier surrounding the cutting area and having a vortex effect around the cutting focus circle, more effectively blowing away molten metal and impurities, and reducing slag and burrs.

[0039] In this embodiment, the air supply unit 2 includes an inner shaft cylinder 13, which is coaxially fixed in the laser 1. The inner shaft cylinder 13 is provided with an annular sleeve 21. The annular sleeve 21 and the inner shaft cylinder 13 are sealed and cooperated to form an annular airflow cavity. A protective tube 22 is detachably mounted on the laser 1, and the protective tube 22 is coaxially mounted outside the annular sleeve 21.

[0040] The laser 1 is provided with an air supply device 23 outside, one end of the air supply device 23 is connected to the air flow cavity through an air guide tube, the lower end surface of the annulus 21 is in sealing contact with the nozzle device 3, and a first air hole 24 and a second air hole 25 are vertically opened in the annulus 21, the first air hole 24 is connected to the first air channel 31 of the nozzle device 3, and the second air hole 25 is connected to the second air channel 32 of the nozzle device 3, that is to say, after the protective gas enters the air flow cavity through the air supply device 23, it can simultaneously pass through multiple first air holes 24 and second air holes 25 to enter the first air channel 31 and the second air channel 32 accordingly, forming two different flow paths.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, the first air holes 24 and the second air holes 25 are both arranged in an arc shape, and the aperture of the first air hole 24 is larger than the aperture of the second air hole 25, so that the protective gas flow in the first air channel 31 is always larger than the protective gas flow in the second air channel 32, that is, the gas flux of the protective gas sprayed at the cutting focus position is greater than the gas flux of the protective gas sprayed outside its circumference.

[0042] In this embodiment, the nozzle device 3 includes:

[0043] The barrel 33 is sleeved outside the laser 1, and two vertically arranged outer protrusions 34 are symmetrically fixed on the outer wall of the barrel 33;

[0044] The sleeve 35 is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the barrel 33. The inner wall of the sleeve 35 is in sealing contact with each of the outer convex edges 34. The first air channel 31 and the second air channel 32 are distributed on the left and right sides through the outer convex edges 34.

[0045] A plurality of fixing rings 36 are arranged vertically, and each fixing ring 26 is sleeved outside the barrel 33;

[0046] Guide blocks 37 are circumferentially distributed on the side wall of the fixing ring 36 , and one end surface of the guide blocks 37 is in sealing contact with the sleeve 35 ;

[0047] Slip rings 38 are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the fixed rings 36 and are rotatably sleeved on the outside of the barrel 33. The slip rings 38 and the fixed rings 36 are alternately distributed, and the outer walls of the slip rings 38 are provided with connecting blocks 39 corresponding to the guide blocks 37. The connecting blocks 39 on each of the slip rings 38 are connected and fixed to the sleeve 35 (the fixing method can be gluing or riveting). A motor drive unit (not shown in the figure) is provided outside the laser 1. The output end of the motor drive unit is connected to the sleeve 35 for transmission through gear meshing.

[0048] The nozzle 5 is connected below the barrel 33 .

[0049] In this embodiment, the connecting block 39 on the slip ring 38 can be arranged on the same vertical line or staggered with the guide block 37 during the rotation adjustment of the slip ring 38; therefore, when the guide block 37 and the connecting block 39 are arranged in a straight line, the shielding gas directly flows vertically downward, the flow is faster, and a strong airflow can be generated to blow away the slag, achieving a centralized slag discharge effect; when the guide block 37 and the connecting block 39 are staggered, the shielding gas can achieve a rectified distribution effect, forming a more uniform and stable airflow, reducing airflow fluctuations, and improving the stability and consistency of the cutting process;

[0050] Moreover, when the connecting block 39 and the guide block 37 at the first gas channel 31 are arranged in the same vertical line, the connecting block 39 and the guide block 37 at the second gas channel 32 are staggered. In other words, the gas path system can be specifically adjusted according to the cutting process, material characteristics, etc. For example, in high-precision cutting, the guide block 37 and the connecting block 39 are staggered, and the corresponding shielding gas in the first gas channel can achieve a rectifying effect, thereby improving the gas flow stability. At this time, the shielding gas can be evenly sprayed at the cutting focus position; while the shielding gas in the second gas channel directly flows vertically with a certain flow rate, thereby forming an airflow barrier with a vortex effect, which can quickly blow away the slag.

[0051] For high-speed cutting or cutting of thicker materials, the guide block 37 and the connecting block 39 are distributed vertically, and the corresponding shielding gas in the first air channel can achieve a fast flow effect. The shielding gas in the first air channel is hindered by the rectification effect and the flow volume is smaller, almost zero. The shielding gas is almost completely ejected from the first air channel. At this time, the cooling effect in cutting is stronger and the slag removal effect is significant.

[0052] In this embodiment, a cavity is provided inside the connecting block 39, and two diverter plates 391 are symmetrically provided in the cavity. The diverter plates 391 are vertically slidably connected in the connecting block 39, and a spring 4 is provided between the diverter plates 391 in the cavity; when the connecting block 39 and the guide block 37 are in the same vertical line, the diverter plates 391 are retracted into the cavity. During the rectification of the protective gas, the diverter plates 391 can guide the protective gas to both sides, thereby improving the rectification effect.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment, a gas guide seat 6 is coaxially fixed on the nozzle 5, and an inner channel 61 and an outer channel 62 connected to the first gas channel 31 and the second gas channel 32 are provided in the gas guide seat 6. A conical nozzle 51 is fixed in the laser 1, and the conical nozzle 51 and the nozzle 5 are sealed to form a gas guide chamber. One end of the inner channel 61 is connected to the gas guide chamber, so that the protective gas is ejected through the annular channel below the gas guide chamber.

[0054] In this embodiment, the nozzle 5 is sealed with the air guide seat 6, and an inner ring groove 51 is formed at the upper end of the nozzle 5, and the outer channel 62 is connected to the inner ring groove 51;

[0055] A plurality of gaps 52 are distributed in the nozzle 5 , and the upper end of each of the gaps 52 is connected to the inner annular groove 51 . A perforation 53 is provided at the lower end of the nozzle 5 , and the perforations 53 are connected to the gaps 52 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0056] In this embodiment, each of the perforations 53 is arranged at an angle and faces the tangential direction of the outer periphery of the cutting focus, so as to form an airflow barrier surrounding the cutting area and having a vortex effect, thereby better discharging the slag to the outside.

[0057] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality, characterized in that: The invention comprises: a laser (1), a laser channel (11), a focusing mechanism (12), an air supply unit (2) and a nozzle device (3); wherein the laser channel (11) is vertically arranged in the middle of the laser (1), the focusing mechanism (12) is horizontally installed in the laser channel (11) in the laser (1), the nozzle device (3) is vertically installed below the laser (1), and the nozzle device (3) is provided with an independent first air channel (31) and a second air channel (32), and the first air channel (31) and the second air channel (32) respectively spray protective gas to the laser cutting point from corresponding blowing points at the same time; the air supply unit (2) is installed between the laser (1) and the nozzle device (3), and the air supply unit (2) is used to supply protective gas to the first air channel (31) and the second air channel (32) in the nozzle device (3); The jetting direction of the first air channel (31) is directly facing the cutting focus position of the laser (1); The spraying direction of the second air channel (32) is the peripheral position of the cutting focus circle of the laser (1); The nozzle device (3) comprises: A tube (33) is sleeved outside the laser (1), and two vertically arranged outer convex edges (34) are symmetrically fixed on the outer wall of the tube (33); A sleeve (35) is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the barrel (33), wherein the inner wall of the sleeve (35) is in sealing contact with each of the outer convex edges (34), and the first air channel (31) and the second air channel (32) are distributed on the left and right sides through the outer convex edges (34); A plurality of fixing rings (36) are arranged vertically, and each fixing ring (36) is sleeved outside the bobbin (33); A guide block (37) is circumferentially distributed on the side wall of the fixing ring (36), and one end surface of the guide block (37) is in sealing contact with the sleeve (35); Slip rings (38) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the fixed rings (36) and are rotatably sleeved outside the barrel (33). The slip rings (38) and the fixed rings (36) are alternately distributed, and a connecting block (39) corresponding to the guide block (37) is provided on the outer wall of the slip ring (38). The connecting block (39) on each of the slip rings (38) is connected and fixed to the barrel (35). A motor drive unit is provided outside the laser (1), and an output end of the motor drive unit is connected and transmitted to the barrel (35) through gear meshing. a nozzle (5) connected below the barrel (33); The connecting block (39) on the slip ring (38) can be distributed on the same vertical line or staggered with the guide block (37) during the rotation adjustment of the slip ring (38); When the connecting block (39) and the guide block (37) at the first air channel (31) are distributed in the same vertical line, the connecting block (39) and the guide block (37) at the second air channel (32) are distributed in a staggered manner.

2. The laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air supply unit (2) includes an inner shaft cylinder (13) which is coaxially fixed in the laser (1); an annular sleeve (21) is provided on the outer surface of the inner shaft cylinder (13); the annular sleeve (21) and the inner shaft cylinder (13) are sealed and matched to form an annular airflow cavity; a protective tube (22) is detachably mounted on the laser (1); the protective tube (22) is coaxially mounted outside the annular sleeve (21); The laser (1) is provided with an air supply device (23) outside, one end of the air supply device (23) is connected to the air flow cavity through an air guide tube, the lower end surface of the annular sleeve (21) is in sealed contact with the nozzle device (3), and a first air hole (24) and a second air hole (25) are vertically opened in the annular sleeve (21), the first air hole (24) is connected to a first air channel (31) of the nozzle device (3), and the second air hole (25) is connected to a second air channel (32) of the nozzle device (3).

3. The laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first air holes (24) and the second air holes (25) are both arranged in an arc shape. The aperture of the first air holes (24) is larger than the aperture of the second air holes (25), so that the protective gas flow in the first air channel (31) is always larger than the protective gas flow in the second air channel (32).

4. The laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cavity is provided inside the connecting block (39), and two diverter plates (391) are symmetrically arranged in the cavity. The diverter plates (391) are vertically slidably connected in the connecting block (39), and a spring (4) is provided between the diverter plates (391) in the cavity; when the connecting block (39) and the guide block (37) are in the same vertical line, the diverter plates (391) are retracted into the cavity.

5. The laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air guide seat (6) is coaxially fixed on the nozzle (5), and an inner hole (61) and an outer hole (62) connected to the first air channel (31) and the second air channel (32) are provided in the air guide seat (6). A conical nozzle is fixed in the laser (1), and a seal is formed between the conical nozzle and the nozzle (5) to form an air guide chamber. One end of the inner hole (61) is connected to the air guide chamber, so that the protective gas is ejected through the annular hole below the air guide chamber.

6. The laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nozzle (5) is sealed with the air guide seat (6), and an inner ring groove (51) is provided at the upper end of the nozzle (5), and the outer channel (62) is connected to the inner ring groove (51); A plurality of slots (52) are distributed in the nozzle (5), and the upper end of each slot (52) is connected to the inner annular groove (51). The lower end of the nozzle (5) is provided with perforations (53), and the perforations (53) are connected to the slots (52) in a one-to-one correspondence.

7. The laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each of the perforations (53) is arranged in an inclined manner and faces the tangential direction of the periphery of the cutting focus circle.

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