Stern door device and design method suitable for retracting and deploying stern slides of large boats

Abstract

The present invention discloses a stern gate device and a design method suitable for retracting and extending the stern slide of large boats and ships. The stern gate device includes a port door body structure and a starboard door body structure. The port door body structure and the starboard door body structure have multi-link locking pins that cooperate with the pin seat on the hull structure. The port door body structure and the starboard door body structure are respectively provided with an inter-door body sealing structure and an inter-door body sealing groove. When the stern gate device is closed, the inter-door body sealing structure presses against the inter-door body sealing strip in the inter-door body sealing groove. The design method is as follows: determine the type of the stern gate device; clarify the load input of the stern gate device under various operating scenarios; calculate the push-pull force of the stern gate device during the opening and closing process based on kinematic and dynamic simulation, and select the actuator; perform finite element numerical simulation based on the preliminary plan of the stern gate device, and optimize the design of the stern gate device. The present invention can provide a larger entry and exit space for large boat equipment during the process of retracting and deploying the stern slideway, and can also provide shielding and weatherproofing for the stern cabin section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a stern door device suitable for retracting and deploying a stern slideway of a large boat and a design method thereof, belonging to the technical field of ship engineering. Background Art

[0002] Large vessels typically require high-speed boats for use in shallow or narrow waters. These boats can be deployed and retracted via a swing-down stern ramp. To prevent the boat's main compartment from being exposed to waves when the stern ramp is stowed, a stern gate is typically installed on the stern deck of large vessels. Firstly, when the gate is open, it creates an opening for the boat to be deployed and retracted, ensuring the boat can enter and exit the stern ramp. Secondly, when closed, the gate provides a weathertight barrier to the stern compartment, preventing seawater from entering the compartment and impacting equipment and personnel.

[0003] On the one hand, ro-ro ships and mixed-cargo ships often have stern gates on their stern plates for loading and unloading cargo and for the entry and exit of personnel. However, this type of stern gate is always arranged above the water surface and only involves the locking and sealing between the stern gate and the fixed hull, which is not suitable for the process of retracting and deploying the boat's stern slide. On the other hand, in order to realize the up and down swinging of the stern slide for the boat's deployment and retraction, a multi-link flip-up stern gate device is generally configured on the stern cover plate. This solution uses a multi-link hydraulic drive to open and close the stern gate, which occupies a large space, limits the size of the boat and poses a collision risk. In addition, this solution is only suitable for the deployment and retraction of the stern slide of small boats, and the related locking and sealing designs do not fully consider the complex force and large load conditions. For large boats equipped with stern slides, there is an urgent need for a large stern gate device that is suitable for the downward swinging stern slide device, occupies a small space, and can withstand large loads.

[0004] At the same time, the operating scenarios of the stern gate device include closed state, open state, opening process and closing process. There are many operating scenarios and the forces are complex. There is an urgent need for a systematic stern gate device design method to support the design of the stern gate device structure and actuator.

[0005] Among the publicly available stern gate devices, there is no stern gate device suitable for retracting and extending the stern slide of large boat equipment, nor a system design method for the stern gate device. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a large stern gate device and design method that occupies a small space, is adaptable to complex operating sea conditions, can withstand a large load and has good reliability, so as to ensure that large boat equipment can safely retract and extend the stern slide and perform operations in the cabin under complex sea conditions, thereby reducing operational risks. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a stern door device and a design method suitable for retracting and deploying the stern slide equipped on large boats.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a stern door device suitable for retracting and deploying a stern slide equipped on a large boat, comprising a port door structure and a starboard door structure, wherein the port door structure and the starboard door structure are respectively provided with a locking latch and a socket that cooperate with each other; a multi-link locking latch is respectively provided in the port door structure and the starboard door structure, and the multi-link locking latch cooperates with a latch seat on the hull structure;

[0008] The port door body structure and the starboard door body structure are connected to the hydraulic rotary cylinder through the port rotating arm and the starboard rotating arm respectively. The port door body structure and the starboard door body structure are also connected to the upper part of the stern sealing plate through the port auxiliary rotating arm and the starboard auxiliary rotating arm respectively. The port door body structure and the starboard door body structure are respectively provided with an inter-door body sealing structure and an inter-door body sealing groove, and an inter-door body sealing strip is provided in the inter-door body sealing groove. When the stern door device is closed, the inter-door body sealing structure abuts against the inter-door body sealing strip.

[0009] Preferably, a support structure is provided on the back of the port door structure and the starboard door structure respectively.

[0010] Preferably, the inter-door body sealing structure is fixed on the starboard door body structure, and the inter-door body sealing groove is fixed on the port door body structure.

[0011] Preferably, the door-to-door sealing strip is fixed in the door-to-door sealing groove by an adhesive.

[0012] Preferably, a port sealing groove is provided on the upper, left and lower edges of the port door structure, and a port sealing strip is provided in the port sealing groove; a starboard sealing groove is provided on the upper, right and lower edges of the starboard door structure, and a starboard sealing strip is provided in the starboard sealing groove; a hatch coaming attachment is provided on the stern sealing plate on the upper part of the hull structure, and a gangway gangway sealing strip is provided on the slide gangway at the bottom of the hull structure; when the stern door device is closed, the hatch coaming attachment and the gangway sealing strip abut against the port sealing strip or the starboard sealing strip at the corresponding position.

[0013] More preferably, the port side sealing strip is fixed in the port side sealing groove by an adhesive.

[0014] More preferably, the starboard side sealing strip is fixed in the starboard side sealing groove by an adhesive.

[0015] More preferably, the upper portions of the port side sealing strip and the starboard side sealing strip that contact the hatch coaming accessories are inverted U-shaped sealing strips, and the lower portions that contact the ramp sealing strip are U-shaped sealing strips.

[0016] Preferably, limiting seats for limiting the stern door device are provided on the upper part of the opening of the stern sealing plate on the hull structure, on the left and right sides of the opening of the stern sealing plate and on the slideway ramp.

[0017] More preferably, the upper portion of the opening of the stern cover plate on the hull structure and the limit seat on the slideway ramp are L-shaped structures, which are used for closing the guide and transferring the load during storage.

[0018] The present invention also provides a design method for a stern gate device suitable for retracting and deploying a stern slideway of a large boat, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Determine the type of stern door device;

[0020] Step 2: Determine the load input for the stern door device under various operating scenarios;

[0021] Step 3: Calculate the push and pull forces during the opening and closing process of the stern door device based on kinematic and dynamic simulations, and select the actuator;

[0022] Step 4: Perform finite element numerical simulation based on the preliminary plan of the stern gate device and optimize the design of the stern gate device.

[0023] Preferably, step 1 comprises the following steps:

[0024] Step 1.1: Based on the motion of the boat's stern ramp during its deployment and retraction process and the constraints on the hull's stern closure opening, determine the overall dimensions of the stern gate device and the dimensions of the passageway when the stern gate device is open.

[0025] Step 1.2: Determine the watertightness level of the stern door device based on the operational requirements of the cabin inside the ship;

[0026] Step 1.3: Based on the passage dimensions and overall vessel resources determined in Step 1.1, determine the stern door opening and closing method, locking type, and actuator type through comparative analysis of multiple options;

[0027] Step 1.4: Based on the interface and watertightness level of the stern slide and stern door device, determine the sealing type between the stern door device, the hull and the stern slide.

[0028] Preferably, step 2 comprises the following steps:

[0029] Step 2.1: Determine the strength calculation standard of the stern door device according to the reference standard specification for stern door device design;

[0030] Step 2.2: Based on the actuator type and opening and closing method of the stern gate device, theoretically calculate the load applied by the actuator to the stern gate body structure during the opening and closing process of the stern gate device;

[0031] Step 2.3: Based on the ship's seakeeping calculation, obtain the additional load caused by waves under the operating sea conditions.

[0032] Preferably, step 3 comprises the following steps:

[0033] Step 3.1: Construct a 3D model of the stern gate device and its kinematic pairs, perform kinematic simulation, and eliminate dead points in the opening and closing process of the stern gate device;

[0034] Step 3.2: Based on the opening and closing push-pull forces calculated in step 2.2, the driving force of the stern door device actuator is verified through dynamic simulation;

[0035] Step 3.3: Based on the simulation results of step 3.2, consider the safety factor and select the actuator.

[0036] Preferably, step 4 comprises the following steps:

[0037] Step 4.1: Construct a finite element model of the stern gate device and perform finite element simulation calculations of the stern gate device based on the load input of the closed state, open state, closing process, and opening process of the stern gate device;

[0038] Step 4.2: Analyze the stress concentration areas in the finite element simulation results and perform structural optimization design;

[0039] Step 4.3: Carry out finite element simulation calculation of the stern gate device to determine the optimal solution for the stern gate device.

[0040] The present invention uses a double-opening rotary cylinder to open and close the stern gate device; a continuous split sealing mechanism is used to achieve overall weathertightness between the stern gate device, the vessel, and the ramp; a multi-link locking latch mechanism is used to reduce the number of actuators, thereby enhancing the reliability of the stern gate device; upper and lower L-shaped limit seats are used to achieve closing guide limit and load transfer for the stern gate device, thereby improving the carrying capacity of the stern gate device; and by arranging limit seats on all sides, the large local loads imposed by the stern gate device's door structure on the sealing mechanism during the closing process are reduced, resulting in more uniform force. Through the above-mentioned methods, the present invention can provide a larger entry and exit space for large boats and ships during the stern ramp retraction and deployment process, as well as shielding and weathertightness of the stern compartment.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. The stern gate device of the present invention, suitable for retracting and deploying the stern slide of large boats and ships, adopts a double-side-opening design with a rotary cylinder. Firstly, it does not occupy the space above the stern cover opening. Secondly, the hydraulic rotary cylinder drives the door to swing outward, which reduces the width occupied by the stern gate device, thereby increasing the storage space for large boat equipment and reducing the risk of collision.

[0043] 2. The stern gate device of the present invention, suitable for retracting and deploying the stern slide of large boats, takes advantage of the up-and-down swinging characteristics of the stern slide and adopts a continuous split-type sealing method to achieve an integrated seal between the stern gate device, the vessel, and the slide ramp. First, a continuous rubber sealing strip is provided around the stern gate device. When the stern gate device is closed, the upper inverted U-shaped sealing strip is pressed and sealed against the upper hatch coaming accessories of the vessel. Second, the lower U-shaped sealing strip is pressed and sealed against the U-shaped sealing strip of the stern slide, thereby achieving an integrated windage seal between the stern slide and the stern gate device.

[0044] 3. The stern gate device of the present invention, suitable for retracting and deploying the stern slide of large boats, is provided with L-shaped limit seats at the upper and lower parts. These serve as guides and limiters during the closing process, and can transfer loads after being fully closed, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the stern gate device and its adaptability to complex wave environments. Furthermore, limit seats are provided at the upper part and on both sides of the stern sealing plate opening to limit the fully closed position of the stern gate device, reducing the load on the sealing mechanism during the closing process of the large stern gate device. The entire stern gate device is evenly stressed, and no localized concentrated stress occurs.

[0045] 4. The stern gate device of the present invention, which is suitable for retracting and extending the stern slide of large boats, adopts a multi-link locking latch mechanism in view of the fact that it has multiple locking positions. It can realize the simultaneous locking of three latch mechanisms through one oil cylinder, reduce the number of oil cylinder structures, improve the locking synchronization of the stern gate device, and have higher reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 A side view of the stern door device provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle A direction;

[0048] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view of the AA plane;

[0049] Figure 4 、 5 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional views of the middle BB plane in different directions;

[0050] Figure 6 、 7 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional views of the CC plane in different directions;

[0051] Figure 8 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the middle DD plane;

[0052] Figure 9 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the middle EE plane;

[0053] Figure 10 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the middle FF surface;

[0054] Figure 11 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the mid-GG plane;

[0055] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of a continuous split sealing structure;

[0056] Figure 13 A top view of the stern door device provided by the present invention in a closed state;

[0057] Figure 14 This is a top view of the stern door device provided by the present invention in the open state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] To make the present invention more clearly understood, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0059] Example

[0060] A design method for a stern gate device suitable for retracting and deploying a stern slideway on a large boat includes the following steps:

[0061] Step 1: Determine the type of stern door device, as follows:

[0062] Step 1.1: Based on the motion of the boat's stern ramp during its deployment and retraction process and the constraints on the hull's stern closure opening, determine the overall dimensions of the stern gate device and the dimensions of the passageway when the stern gate device is open.

[0063] Step 1.2: Determine the watertightness level of the stern door device based on the operational requirements of the cabin inside the ship;

[0064] Step 1.3: Based on the passage dimensions and overall vessel resources determined in Step 1.1, determine the stern door opening and closing method, locking type, and actuator type through comparative analysis of multiple options;

[0065] Step 1.4: Based on the interface and watertightness level of the stern slide and stern door device, determine the sealing type between the stern door device, the hull and the stern slide;

[0066] Step 2: Determine the load input for the stern door device under various operating scenarios, as follows:

[0067] Step 2.1: Determine the strength calculation standard of the stern door device according to the reference standard specification for stern door device design;

[0068] Step 2.2: Based on the actuator type and opening and closing method of the stern gate device, theoretically calculate the load applied by the actuator to the stern gate body structure during the opening and closing process of the stern gate device;

[0069] Step 2.3: Based on the ship's seakeeping calculation, obtain the additional load caused by waves under the operating sea conditions;

[0070] Step 3: Calculate the push and pull forces during the opening and closing of the stern door device based on kinematic and dynamic simulations, and select the actuator, as follows:

[0071] Step 3.1: Construct a 3D model of the stern gate device and its kinematic pairs, perform kinematic simulation, and eliminate dead points in the opening and closing process of the stern gate device;

[0072] Step 3.2: Based on the opening and closing push-pull forces calculated in step 2.2, the driving force of the stern door device actuator is verified through dynamic simulation;

[0073] Step 3.3: Based on the simulation results of step 3.2, consider the safety factor and select the actuator;

[0074] Step 4: Based on the preliminary plan of the stern gate device, finite element numerical simulation is performed to optimize the design of the stern gate device, as follows:

[0075] Step 4.1: Construct a finite element model of the stern gate device and perform finite element simulation calculations of the stern gate device based on the load input of the closed state, open state, closing process, and opening process of the stern gate device;

[0076] Step 4.2: Analyze the stress concentration areas in the finite element simulation results and perform structural optimization design;

[0077] Step 4.3: Carry out finite element simulation calculation of the stern gate device to determine the optimal solution for the stern gate device.

[0078] The above design method is suitable for the stern door device of large boats equipped with stern slideway retraction and deployment. Figure 1-12 As shown, it includes a port door structure 1 and a starboard door structure 2. The port door structure 1 is provided with an inter-door locking pin 19, and the starboard door structure 2 is provided with a socket that cooperates with the inter-door locking pin 19; the port door structure 1 and the starboard door structure 2 are respectively provided with two multi-link locking pins 18, and the multi-link locking pins 18 cooperate with the pin seat 20 on the hull structure I.

[0079] The port and starboard door structures 1 and 2 are connected to the hydraulic rotary cylinder 4 on the hull structure I via a pair of port and starboard rotary arms 5 and 6, respectively. They are also connected to the upper portion of the stern closure plate via port and starboard auxiliary rotary arms 7 and 8, respectively. Port and starboard door structures 1 and 2 are each provided with a door seal structure 10 and a door seal groove 11. The door seal structure 10 is fixed to the starboard door structure 2, while the door seal groove 11 is fixed to the port door structure 1. A door seal strip 12 is provided within the door seal groove 11 and is secured to the door seal groove 11 via an adhesive. When the stern door assembly is closed, the door seal structure 10 abuts against the door seal strip 12.

[0080] The backs of the port door structure 1 and the starboard door structure 2 are respectively provided with support structures 3 .

[0081] The port door structure 1 has port sealing grooves 13 on its upper, left, and lower edges, with a port sealing strip 15 installed within them. The starboard door structure 2 has starboard sealing grooves 14 on its upper, right, and lower edges, with a starboard sealing strip 16 installed within them. A hatch coaming attachment 9 is installed on the stern closure plate at the top of hull structure I, and a ramp sealing strip 23 is installed on the slideway ramp 22 at the bottom of hull structure I. When the stern door assembly is closed, the hatch coaming attachment 9 and the ramp sealing strip 23 abut against the corresponding port sealing strip 15 or starboard sealing strip 16. The port sealing strip 15 is secured to the port sealing groove 13 with adhesive, while the starboard sealing strip 16 is secured to the starboard sealing groove 14 with adhesive. The upper portions of the port and starboard sealing strips 15 and 16, which contact the hatch coaming attachment 9, are inverted U-shaped, while the lower portions, which contact the ramp sealing strip 23, are U-shaped.

[0082] Limiting seats 21 for limiting the stern door device are provided on the upper opening of the stern closure plate on the hull structure I, on the left and right sides of the stern closure plate opening, and on the slideway ramp 22. The limiting seats 21 on the upper opening of the stern closure plate on the hull structure I and on the slideway ramp 22 are L-shaped structures and are used for closing the guide and transferring loads during storage.

[0083] Working principle: A stern door device suitable for retracting and extending the stern slide of large boats and ships provides the stern door opening and closing power through the hydraulic rotary cylinder in the transmission mechanism, and drives the door structure to open or close through the rotating arm and the auxiliary rotating arm. In the process of opening and closing the stern door device, the limit seat limits the stop position of the door body. After closing, the multi-link locking pin is inserted into the pin seat, and the locking pin between the door bodies is inserted into the starboard door body structure to achieve locking. At the same time, the left and right door body structures of the stern door device are sealed by the compression between the sealing structure between the door bodies and the sealing strip between the door bodies. The upper inverted U-shaped sealing strip of the stern door device is pressed and sealed with the hatch coaming accessories, and the lower U-shaped sealing strip is pressed and sealed with the U-shaped sealing strip of the stern slide, thereby achieving the overall sealing of the stern door device. The following is the process of opening and closing the stern door device:

[0084] 1. Stern door device opening process

[0085] 1) All latches in the stern door device are retracted

[0086] 2) The starboard door structure is pushed open by the hydraulic rotary cylinder. After fully opened, the support structure on the back of the door structure abuts against the stern seal plate, and the hydraulic rotary cylinder stops moving.

[0087] 3) The port door structure is pushed open horizontally by the hydraulic rotary cylinder. After fully opened, the support structure on the back of the door structure abuts against the stern sealing plate, and the hydraulic rotary cylinder stops moving.

[0088] 4) Lower the slideway springboard to the specified angle and lock it. Figure 13 shown.

[0089] 2. Closing process of stern door device

[0090] 1) The slideway ramp is retracted to the storage state;

[0091] 2) The port door structure is closed by the hydraulic rotating arm and is closed in place under the guidance of the limit seat;

[0092] 3) Insert the port multi-link locking pin into the pin seat to complete the locking;

[0093] 4) The starboard door structure is closed by the action of the hydraulic rotating arm and is closed in place under the guidance of the limit seat;

[0094] 5) Insert the starboard multi-link locking pin into the pin seat, and the door body locking pin into the starboard door body structure to complete the locking. Figure 14 shown.

Claims

1. A design method for a stern gate device suitable for retracting and deploying a stern slideway on a large boat, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Determine the type of stern door device, including the following steps: Step 1.1: Based on the motion of the boat's stern ramp during its deployment and retraction process and the constraints on the hull's stern closure opening, determine the overall dimensions of the stern gate device and the dimensions of the passageway when the stern gate device is open. Step 1.2: Determine the watertightness level of the stern door device based on the operational requirements of the cabin inside the ship; Step 1.3: Based on the passage dimensions and overall vessel resources determined in Step 1.1, determine the stern door opening and closing method, locking type, and actuator type through comparative analysis of multiple options; Step 1.4: Based on the interface and watertightness level of the stern slide and stern door device, determine the sealing type between the stern door device, the hull and the stern slide; Step 2: Determine the load input for the stern gate device under various operating scenarios, including the following steps: Step 2.1: Determine the strength calculation standard of the stern door device according to the reference standard specification for stern door device design; Step 2.2: Based on the actuator type and opening and closing method of the stern gate device, theoretically calculate the load applied by the actuator to the stern gate body structure during the opening and closing process of the stern gate device; Step 2.3: Based on the ship's seakeeping calculation, obtain the additional load caused by waves under the operating sea conditions; Step 3: Calculate the push and pull forces during the opening and closing process of the stern door device based on kinematic and dynamic simulations, and select the actuator, including the following steps: Step 3.1: Construct a 3D model of the stern gate device and its kinematic pairs, perform kinematic simulation, and eliminate dead points in the opening and closing process of the stern gate device; Step 3.2: Based on the opening and closing push-pull forces calculated in step 2.2, the driving force of the stern door device actuator is verified through dynamic simulation; Step 3.3: Based on the simulation results of step 3.2, consider the safety factor and select the actuator; Step 4: Based on the preliminary design of the stern gate device, finite element numerical simulation is performed to optimize the design of the stern gate device, including the following steps: Step 4.1: Construct a finite element model of the stern gate device and perform finite element simulation calculations of the stern gate device based on the load input of the closed state, open state, closing process, and opening process of the stern gate device; Step 4.2: Analyze the stress concentration areas in the finite element simulation results and perform structural optimization design; Step 4.3: Carry out iterative finite element simulation calculation of the stern gate device to determine the optimal solution for the stern gate device.

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