A device for generating vertical load using air

Abstract

The present invention provides a device for generating a vertical load by using air. An air load device is provided on a load mounting plate. An air outlet is provided on the upper side of the kettle body of the air load device. A plurality of air inlets are evenly provided on the kettle body on the lower side of the kettle body. Turbines are installed in the air outlet and the air inlet. The air inlet draws air into the kettle body through a first-stage turbine, and the second-stage turbine discharges the air from the air outlet on the top of the kettle body, thereby forming a downward pressure to provide a vertical load for the load test. The present invention considers using the method of converting the kinetic energy of air into static force to provide a vertical load for the load test, reduce the impact on the surrounding soil layer, reduce the space occupied by the test, and improve the integrity, lightweight, flexibility and convenience of the test device. The vertical load provided by the turbine for the load test provides a stable vertical load, which replaces the traditional stacking load or reaction device to provide a new loading method for the test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of foundation bearing capacity detection, and in particular relates to a generating device that utilizes air to provide vertical load. Background Art

[0002] A load test is a field test in engineering geology. It involves applying a vertical load to the foundation via a bearing plate to observe and study the deformation and strength patterns of the subsoil. It is the most widely used method for testing the bearing capacity of pile foundations (including composite and natural foundations) and is recognized as the most accurate and reliable. It is included in national engineering codes and regulations. This test utilizes various methods to artificially apply loads, simulating the actual working conditions of the foundation or footing, to measure its load-bearing capacity and deformation characteristics after loading. Its significant advantages are that the load conditions are realistic, it is simple to use, and the test results are intuitive and easy to understand and accept. However, the test scale and cost are relatively large. A support platform is often erected directly above the rigid plate, and then heavy objects such as rocks are piled on the platform to provide the vertical load. However, this method of stacking heavy objects is not easily available on site, and prefabricated concrete blocks must be transported and stacked on the rigid plate. If the stacking is eccentric, it can pose a significant safety hazard.

[0003] Anchor pile reaction beams can also be used. This involves connecting several symmetrical anchor piles around the test pile with anchor bars to a reaction frame. A jack at the top of the pile lifts the reaction frame, and the connected anchor piles provide the reaction force. The magnitude of the reaction force is determined by the anchor piles, and the pull-up of the anchor piles must be monitored during the test to avoid breakage. Anchor pile construction is required before the test, and this still has a certain impact on the surrounding in-situ soil.

[0004] In addition, the methods of stacking loads or reaction beams require a large test space because they require the use of large external forces. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem that pile loads or reaction beams in load tests require a large experimental space, the present invention provides a device for generating vertical loads by using air to push air through a turbine and requiring a small experimental space.

[0006] The solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a device for generating vertical load by using air, a load test pit is set on the ground, a fixed base plate is set on the ground outside the test pit, the fixed base plate surrounds the test pit, and the fixed base plate is fixed to the ground by corresponding anchor rods, a pressure plate is laid in the test pit, a support column is set in the center of the pressure plate, and a load mounting plate is set above the support column.

[0007] An air load device is arranged on the load mounting plate, and the air load device includes a kettle body and a turbine. An air outlet is arranged on the upper side of the kettle body, and a plurality of air inlets are evenly arranged on the kettle body on the lower side of the kettle body. The air inlet is connected to the interior of the kettle body, and turbines are installed in the air outlet and the air inlet. The turbine in the air inlet is a first-stage turbine, and the air inlet sucks air into the kettle body through the first-stage turbine. The turbine in the air outlet is a second-stage turbine, and the second-stage turbine discharges air from the air outlet on the top of the kettle body, thereby forming downward pressure and providing a vertical load for the load test. A bracket is fixed on the load mounting plate on the outside of the kettle body, and the bracket includes four vertical poles, a support rod is hinged on the side of the vertical pole facing the kettle body, a clamp is ringed on the outer side of the upper part of the kettle body, and the end of the support rod facing the clamp is hinged on the clamp, and the bottom of the kettle body is fixed on the load mounting plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the support rod adopts a telescopic spring rod, and the telescopic spring rod is a gas spring rod. The gas spring rod is in an expanded state, and both ends of the gas spring rod are respectively hinged on the vertical pole and the clamp of the bracket.

[0009] Furthermore, the generating device for providing vertical load by using air also includes a supplementary load device, which includes an additional load, a hanger, a pin, a push rod, a guide sleeve, a suspension and a pressure sensor. The suspension is arranged on the fixed base plate, and the suspended section of the suspension extends above the pressure plate in the test pit. A through hole is provided in the suspended section above the pressure plate, and the hanger is inserted into the through hole. The additional load is arranged at the lower end of the hanger, and a notch is provided on the hanger. The upper side of the notch is provided with an inclined surface, and a pin is provided on the suspended section. The end of the pin facing the notch is provided with an inclined platform matching the notch, which can be inserted into the notch and coincide with the inclined surface on the upper side of the notch. The rear end of the pin is provided with a push rod, which pushes the pin to move, and the push rod is provided with a guide sleeve, which is fixed to the suspension, and the hanger can be suspended by the top connection of the inclined platform and the inclined surface of the notch. A pressure sensor is installed on the pressure plate below the additional load, and the change of the additional load is detected by the pressure sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, guide bars are provided on both sides of the latch to limit the position and movement direction of the latch.

[0011] The outer end of the push rod is connected to a driving mechanism, which drives the push rod to move and thereby drives the bolt to move. The driving mechanism adopts an electric push rod or a motor, and the electric push rod drives the push rod to move and retract, or the driving mechanism adopts a motor, and the push rod adopts a threaded rod, which is rotatably connected to the bolt, and an axial hole is provided at the rear end of the bolt, and the push rod is inserted into the axial hole, and a block with a size larger than the axial hole is provided at the end of the push rod in the axial hole, and a threaded hole is provided on the guide sleeve, and the push rod is inserted into the guide sleeve through the thread, and the outer end of the push rod is connected to the driving motor, and the motor drives the push rod to rotate in the guide sleeve, so that the push rod moves and retracts under the drive of the thread, pushing the bolt to retract and retract in the slot of the boom.

[0012] Furthermore, 3-6 air inlets are evenly arranged on the lower side of the kettle body.

[0013] The present invention utilizes the conversion of air kinetic energy into static force to provide a vertical load for load testing, minimizing the impact on surrounding soil layers, reducing test space, and improving the integrity, lightweighting, flexibility, and convenience of the test device. Using a turbine to propel air to provide a vertical load for load testing provides a stable vertical load, replacing traditional heap loads or reaction devices and offering a new loading method for testing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention using air to provide vertical load.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the supplementary load device.

[0018] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the suspension.

[0019] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the latch and the boom.

[0020] Numbers in the figure: ground 1, fixed base plate 2, pressure plate 3, load mounting plate 4, air load device 5, bracket 6, support column 7, test pit 11, anchor rod 21, strut 61, clamp 62, guide column 22, kettle body 51, air outlet 52, air inlet 53, turbine 54, additional load 81, hanger 82, pin 83, push rod 84, guide sleeve 85, suspension 86, pressure sensor 87, guide bar 88. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0022] Example: Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a device for generating a vertical load using air. A load test pit 11 is set on the ground 1. A fixed base plate 2 is set on the ground 1 outside the test pit 11. The fixed base plate 2 surrounds the test pit 11 and is fixed to the ground 1 through corresponding anchor rods 21.

[0023] like Figure 1As shown, a pressure plate 3 is laid in the test pit 11, with a support column 7 at the center of the pressure plate 3. A load mounting plate 4 is provided above the support column 7, and an air load device 5 is provided on the load mounting plate 4. The support column 7 is a jack, and the height of the jack can be adjusted to adapt to the depth of the test pit 11.

[0024] The four corners of the load mounting plate 4 are provided with guide holes, and corresponding guide posts 22 are provided on the fixed base plate 2. Figure 2 As shown, the load mounting plate 4 is mounted on the guide column 22 through the guide hole. When the vertical load is provided by the air load device 5, the load mounting plate 4 moves vertically along the guide column 22 and transmits the pressure to the pressure plate 3 through the support column 7. The pressure plate 3 squeezes the soil in the test pit 11 downward, thereby performing a load test.

[0025] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the air load device 5 includes a kettle body 51, a turbine 54 and a bracket 6. An air outlet 52 is arranged on the upper side of the kettle body 51, and a plurality of upwardly inclined air inlets 53 are evenly arranged on the kettle body on the lower side of the kettle body 51. The air inlet 53 is connected to the interior of the kettle body 51. A turbine 54 is installed in the air outlet 52 and the air inlet 53. The air inlet 53 sucks air into the kettle body 51 through the turbine 54, and the air outlet 52 discharges air from the top of the kettle body 51 through the turbine 54, thereby forming downward pressure to provide a vertical load for the load test.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, a bracket 6 is fixed on the outside of the kettle body 51. The bracket 6 includes four vertical poles. A support rod 61 is hinged on the side of the vertical pole facing the kettle body 51. A hoop 62 is ringed on the outer side of the upper part of the kettle body 51. The end of the support rod 61 facing the hoop 62 is hinged on the hoop 62. The bottom of the kettle body 51 is fixed on the load mounting plate 4.

[0027] Furthermore, the support rod 61 can be a telescopic spring rod, specifically a gas spring rod. When the air load device 5 is running, the turbine 54 compresses and pushes the air to generate large vibrations. The four gas spring rods evenly distributed on the outside of the kettle body 51 can provide support and shock absorption effects for the air load device 5, thereby ensuring that the air load device 5 always provides an effective vertical load during operation. At the same time, the spring rods weaken the vibration of the kettle body 51 caused by pushing the air, thereby reducing the noise during the operation of the air load device 5.

[0028] like Figure 4As shown, a supplementary load device is also included. The size of the vertical load provided by the air load device 5 is directly related to the power of the turbine 54. Therefore, when a larger vertical load needs to be provided, a turbine 54 with a larger power is required, and more electricity is consumed, resulting in a significant increase in the cost of the load test. For this reason, the present invention further provides a supplementary load device on the basis of providing the vertical load by the air load device 5, and reduces the use cost of the air load device 5 through the supplementary load device.

[0029] Specifically, the supplementary load device includes an additional load 81, a suspension rod 82, a latch 83, a push rod 84, a guide sleeve 85, a suspension 86 and a pressure sensor 87. The suspension 86 is provided on the fixed base plate 2, and the suspended section of the suspension 86 extends above the pressure plate 3 in the test pit 11, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, a through hole is provided in the suspended section above the pressure plate 3 , a suspension rod 82 is inserted into the through hole, and an additional load 81 is provided at the lower end of the suspension rod 82 .

[0030] like Figure 6 As shown, a notch is provided on the suspension rod 82, and the upper side of the notch is provided with an inclined surface. A pin 83 is provided on the suspended section, and an inclined platform matching the notch is provided at the end of the pin 83 facing the notch. The inclined platform can be inserted into the notch and coincides with the inclined surface on the upper side of the notch. A push rod 84 is provided at the rear end of the pin 83, and the push rod 84 pushes the pin 83 to move. A guide sleeve 85 is provided on the push rod 84, and the guide sleeve 85 is fixed on the suspension 86.

[0031] The connection between the inclined platform and the notch slope allows the suspension rod 82 to be suspended. A pressure sensor 87 is installed on the pressure plate 3 below the additional load 81 to detect changes in the additional load 81.

[0032] Guide bars 88 are provided on both sides of the latch 83 to limit the position and movement direction of the latch 83 .

[0033] The outer end of the push rod 84 is connected to a driving mechanism, which drives the push rod 84 to move, thereby driving the latch 83 to move. The driving mechanism can be an electric push rod or a motor, and the electric push rod directly drives the push rod 84 to move and retract.

[0034] When a motor is used, the push rod 84 is a threaded rod, and the push rod 84 is rotatably sleeved with the pin 83. An axial hole is provided at the rear end of the pin 83, and the push rod 84 is sleeved in the axial hole. A stopper larger than the axial hole is provided at the end of the push rod 84 in the axial hole, and a threaded hole is provided on the guide sleeve 85. The push rod 84 is sleeved in the guide sleeve 85 through a thread. The outer end of the push rod 84 is connected to the driving motor, and the motor drives the push rod 84 to rotate in the guide sleeve 85, so that the push rod 84 is telescopically moved under the drive of the thread, pushing the pin 83 to telescope in the slot of the suspension rod 82.

[0035] Load testing requires providing different loading levels. When lower load requirements are required, a supplementary load device can be used to provide vertical loads, reducing load testing costs. Furthermore, the latch 83 and boom 82 structure controls the contact and disengagement of the additional load 81 from the load plate, enabling continuous loading and unloading. Pressure sensor 87 accurately records the load curve.

[0036] When high loads are required, the air load device 5 and the supplementary load device work together to provide the effective load, eliminating the hassle of carrying large amounts of concrete counterweights required for conventional loading. Furthermore, the air load device 5 can change the load level by controlling the power of the turbine 54, making load changes more convenient and rapid. The air load device 5 can also record the load change curve based on the power of the turbine 54, facilitating the recording and comparison of relevant load data.

[0037] The generating device provided by the present invention is used for load testing, providing a stable vertical load therefor, replacing traditional stacking loads or reaction force devices to provide a new loading method for the test.

[0038] Air is drawn in through a lateral air inlet, supercharged by a primary turbine 54, and then enters the generator for streamline integration and secondary supercharging before being discharged from an upward-facing jet port. This interaction with the air creates downward thrust. To ensure stable test pressure, a pressure control device is installed on the device to adjust the operating speed. Brackets 6 are installed on the four sides of the generator to ensure accurate positioning and secure fixation. The device can be used individually or assembled with rigid connections when higher pressure is required. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] 1. Place the pressure plate 3 at the test location, keeping it level and in even contact with the soil layer;

[0041] 2. Before the test, waterproofing and drainage measures should be taken in the test pit to prevent changes in the moisture content of the foundation soil or disturbance of the foundation;

[0042] 3. The loading level can be divided into 8 to 10 levels, and the maximum loading pressure should not be less than 2 times the design required bearing capacity characteristic value;

[0043] 4. The settlement of the bearing plate 3 should be recorded before and after each level of load is applied, and then recorded every 0.5 hours. When the settlement is less than 0.1mm within 1 hour, the next level of load can be applied.

[0044] 5. End of the trial:

[0045] ① The soil around the bearing plate 3 is obviously squeezed out laterally, and the surrounding rock and soil show obvious uplift or radial cracks continue to develop;

[0046] ② The settlement increases sharply, and the load-settlement curve drops sharply. The settlement of this load level is 5 times greater than the settlement of the previous loads.

[0047] ③ Under a certain load level, the settlement rate cannot reach the stability standard within 24 hours;

[0048] ④ The ratio of total settlement to the diameter or width of the pressure plate 3 exceeds 0.06.

[0049] 6. Rebound observation: Unload in stages and observe the rebound value. The unloading amount is twice the loading amount. Observe every 15 minutes. Unload the next level of load after 1 hour. After the load is completely removed, continue observing for 3 hours.

[0050] Turn off the generator to complete the test.

[0051] The additional load 81 in the supplementary load device is suspended above the pressure plate 3 via a suspension rod 82. Its weight can be adjusted to suit different testing requirements. The movement of a latch 83 within the slot of suspension rod 82 controls the contact or separation of the additional load 81 from the pressure plate 3, achieving stepless load adjustment.

[0052] The pressure sensor 87 is mounted on the pressure plate 3 to monitor the actual load and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test data. The electric push rod or motor is used to control the movement of the push rod 84, thereby adjusting the position of the latch 83 to achieve load adjustment.

[0053] The present invention utilizes a combination of an air load device 5 and a supplementary load device to flexibly adjust the load size according to test requirements, avoiding the high cost and inconvenience associated with the traditional method of using large amounts of concrete counterweights. The air load device 5 can easily change the load level by adjusting the power of the turbine 54, while the supplementary load device enables fine-tuning of the load. The combination of the two makes the entire testing process more flexible and efficient. Data from the turbine 54 power and pressure sensor 87 allows for precise recording and analysis of load curves, contributing to a deeper understanding of the load-bearing characteristics of surface or underground structures. Compared to traditional heavy equipment, this device reduces noise pollution and vibration impacts, while also reducing operator workload and safety risks.

[0054] The design of the device takes into account the ease of operation and maintenance. For example, the use of a motor or electric push rod as the driving source simplifies the operation process and reduces the difficulty of maintenance.

[0055] Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for generating a vertical load by using air, wherein a load test pit (11) is set on the ground (1), a fixed base plate (2) is set on the ground (1) outside the test pit (11), the fixed base plate (2) surrounds the test pit (11), and the fixed base plate (2) is fixed to the ground (1) through corresponding anchor rods (21), a pressure plate (3) is laid in the test pit (11), a support column (7) is set at the center of the pressure plate (3), and a load mounting plate (4) is set above the support column (7), characterized in that: An air load device (5) is provided on the load mounting plate (4), and the air load device (5) includes a kettle body (51) and a turbine (54). An air outlet (52) is provided on the upper side of the kettle body (51), and a plurality of air inlets (53) are evenly provided on the kettle body on the lower side of the kettle body (51). The air inlets (53) are connected to the interior of the kettle body (51), and turbines (54) are installed in the air outlet (52) and the air inlet (53). The turbine (54) in the air inlet (53) is a first-stage turbine (54). The air inlet (53) draws air into the kettle body (51) through the first-stage turbine (54). The turbine in the air outlet (52) (54) is a secondary turbine (54), which discharges air from the air outlet (52) on the top of the kettle body (51), thereby forming a downward pressure and providing a vertical load for the load test. A bracket (6) is fixed on the load mounting plate (4) on the outside of the kettle body (51). The bracket (6) includes four vertical uprights. A support rod (61) is hinged on the side of the vertical upright toward the kettle body (51). A hoop (62) is sleeved on the outer side of the upper part of the kettle body (51). The end of the support rod (61) facing the hoop (62) is hinged on the hoop (62). The bottom of the kettle body (51) is fixed on the load mounting plate (4). The invention also includes a supplementary load device, which includes an additional load (81), a suspension rod (82), a latch (83), a push rod (84), a guide sleeve (85), a suspension (86) and a pressure sensor (87). The suspension (86) is provided on the fixed base plate (2). The suspended section of the suspension (86) extends above the pressure plate (3) in the test pit (11). A through hole is provided in the suspended section above the pressure plate (3). The suspension rod (82) is inserted into the through hole. The additional load is provided at the lower end of the suspension rod (82). (81), a notch is provided on the suspension rod (82), the upper side of the notch is provided with an inclined surface, a latch (83) is provided on the suspended section, an inclined platform matching the notch is provided at the end of the latch (83) facing the notch, the inclined platform can be inserted into the notch and coincide with the inclined surface on the upper side of the notch, a push rod (84) is provided at the rear end of the latch (83), the push rod (84) is used to push the latch (83) to move, a guide sleeve (85) is provided on the top of the lift rod (84), the guide sleeve (85) is fixed on the suspension (86), and the guide sleeve (85) is fixed on the suspension (86) through the inclined platform and the notch. The top connection of the inclined surface enables the suspension rod (82) to be suspended in the air. A pressure sensor (87) is installed on the pressure plate (3) below the additional load (81). The change of the additional load (81) is detected by the pressure sensor (87). The outer end of the top rod (84) is connected to a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism drives the top rod (84) to move, thereby driving the bolt (83) to move. The driving mechanism adopts a motor, and the top rod (84) adopts a threaded rod. The top rod (84) and the bolt (83) are rotatably connected. ) The rear end is provided with an axial hole, the push rod (84) is sleeved in the axial hole, and a stopper with a size larger than the axial hole is provided at the end of the push rod (84) in the axial hole, a threaded hole is provided on the guide sleeve (85), the push rod (84) is sleeved in the guide sleeve (85) through a thread, and a motor for driving is connected to the outer end of the push rod (84), and the motor drives the push rod (84) to rotate in the guide sleeve (85), so that the push rod (84) is driven to move telescopically under the drive of the thread, pushing the pin (83) to telescope in the slot of the suspension rod (82).

2. The device for providing vertical load by using air according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support rod (61) is a telescopic spring rod.

3. The device for providing vertical load by using air according to claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic spring rod is a gas spring rod, which is in an expanded state. The two ends of the gas spring rod are respectively hinged on the vertical pole of the bracket (6) and the clamp (62).

4. The device for providing vertical load by using air according to claim 1, characterized in that: Guide bars (88) are also provided on both sides of the latch (83), and the position and movement direction of the latch (83) are limited by the guide bars (88).

5. The device for providing vertical load by using air according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3-6 air inlets (53) are evenly arranged on the lower side of the kettle body (51).

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