A continuous non-explosive green mining method for underground hard rock mines (N21 method)

Abstract

This application relates to the field of underground hard rock mining technology, and provides an N21 method for continuous, non-explosive, and green mechanized mining of underground hard rock mines. The mining area is divided into N panels, each with two transport roadways and one working face roadway. This method utilizes a hydraulic support device to support the working face roadway, creating two rock-breaking free faces underground. Combined with the additional free faces provided by drilling and slotting technology and the relief of high stress in the ore body, the ore body is transformed from a "difficult-to-mine, side-confined, integral state" to a "more easily-mineable, unconfined, isolated state." This method transforms the traditional nine-step independent process of drill-and-blast mining (drilling, charging, wiring, ventilation, loading, transport, inspection, support, and backfilling) into a continuous four-step process (drilling, transport, support, and backfilling) in the N21 method. It overcomes the challenges of mechanized continuous mining of underground hard rock ore bodies, significantly improving rock-breaking capacity, mining efficiency, and resource recovery rate while greatly enhancing mining safety and reducing environmental impact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of underground hard rock mining technology, and more specifically, it relates to the N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining of underground hard rock. Background Technology

[0002] like Figure 1 As shown, the drilling and blasting method is widely used in the mining of underground hard rock mines. However, with the emergence of ground pressure and the dual impact of blasting vibration, the cost of rock support and subsequent maintenance remains high. Moreover, the efficiency of drilling and blasting mining is limited by production technology conditions, making continuous mining difficult. Personnel entering and leaving the mining area face the following potential safety hazards: (1) The drilling and blasting method commonly used in roadway mining and rock tunnel construction requires blasting before muck removal during the tunneling process. The various operations of drilling, blasting and ore removal in mining are scattered and discontinuous, and the production management procedures are complicated. (2) The cyclic advance of the mining area is usually around 2.5 meters. Multiple work cycles take a long time and are difficult to be continuous. If special sections such as rock fracture occur, due to blasting vibration, it is easy to cause slab collapse and roof fall, and the time required for the work cycle will be even longer. (3) Safety hazards in the management of blasting materials are unavoidable, and a large amount of toxic and harmful gases will be generated after the explosives are blasted, which need to be vented before the operation can proceed; at the same time, there are also problems such as high labor intensity for workers, difficulty in controlling the two sides of the road, and significant damage to the roof and the filling bodies on both sides.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to reduce the environmental impact of blasting methods and improve safety. This paper proposes a safe, simple, and efficient N21 method for continuous non-blasting green mining of underground hard rock. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing drill-and-blast method, the purpose of this application is to provide a safe, simple and efficient N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining of underground hard rock.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is: to provide an N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining in underground hard rock mines, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Divide the area to be mined into N panels, and conduct geological exploration and ore body assessment for each panel;

[0007] S2. The outer side of each panel is a main transport roadway. Along the direction of the ore body, two parallel stage transport roadways are excavated on both sides of the ore body in each panel and safety support is provided. At the end of the ore body, a working face roadway is excavated, which connects the ends of the two stage transport roadways.

[0008] S3. A movable hydraulic support device is arranged in the working face roadway, and the hydraulic support device provides safe support for the top surface of the working face roadway.

[0009] S4. A shear mining device is arranged at the junction of a stage transport roadway and the working face roadway; the shear mining device mines the ore body in a direction parallel to the working face roadway;

[0010] S5. During mining, depending on the intensity of ground stress, the hardness of the ore body and the distribution of joints and fissures, the ore body is drilled and slotted to release the internal stress of the ore body in advance, and then the ore body is mined along the direction parallel to the working face roadway.

[0011] S6. Transport the ore mined by the shear mining equipment out;

[0012] S7. After the shear mining equipment has moved from one stage transport roadway to another, the shear mining equipment moves one working position closer to the ore body and reaches the junction of the stage transport roadway and the working face roadway. After that, the hydraulic support device also moves one working position. At this time, a goaf is left behind the hydraulic support device.

[0013] S8. Carry out backfilling operations in the goaf area to form a backfill body;

[0014] S9. The shear mining equipment will mine the ore body again, repeating steps S5 and S8 until the entire ore body is mined.

[0015] In one embodiment, in step S4, the ore body to be crushed at the working face of the ore body has at least two free faces. The first free face is parallel to the stage transport roadway, and the second free face is perpendicular to the stage transport roadway. When the shear mining equipment mines the first free face, the second free face provides space for the destruction of the ore body and the propagation of cracks. Conversely, when the shear mining equipment mines the second free face, the first free face provides space for the destruction of the ore body and the propagation of cracks.

[0016] In one embodiment, in step S5, continuous drilling and grooving are performed to form a third free surface at the bottom and sides of the ore body, so that the ore body is in an unconfined and isolated state.

[0017] In one embodiment, during step S6, as the shear mining equipment advances its mining operations, the position of the working face roadway moves synchronously, and the hydraulic support device provides safety support for the roof of the working face roadway.

[0018] In one embodiment, in step S6, the shear mining equipment uses an "S" path to mine the ore body between the two stage transport tunnels, and the transport vehicle alternately passes through the two stage transport tunnels to transport the ore out.

[0019] In one embodiment, a mobile conveyor belt is installed below the hydraulic support device, and the mobile conveyor belt moves synchronously with the hydraulic support device. The mobile conveyor belt is equipped with a slide rail, and a sliding platform is provided on the slide rail. The shear mining equipment is mounted on the sliding platform.

[0020] In one embodiment, the pull-shear mining equipment includes a first pull-shear robotic arm, a crushing robotic arm, and a second pull-shear robotic arm disposed on the sliding platform.

[0021] In one embodiment, a bucket for collecting ore is provided below the sliding platform. The bucket moves synchronously with the sliding platform, and a receiver is provided on the bucket to transfer the ore to the mobile conveyor belt.

[0022] In one embodiment, the shear mining equipment uses an "S" path to mine the ore body between two stage transport tunnels, and the transport vehicle uses one of the stage transport tunnels to transport the ore out, with the transport vehicle located at the end of the mobile conveyor belt to receive the ore.

[0023] In one embodiment, a telescopic conveyor belt is arranged in one of the stage transport roadways, the telescopic conveyor belt being located below the mobile conveyor belt and used to transport ore out, and a transport vehicle receiving the ore transported out by the telescopic conveyor belt at the main transport roadway.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining in underground hard rock mines provided in this application are as follows:

[0025] First, it improves mining efficiency: through mechanized continuous operation, the mining speed is significantly increased and the mining cycle is reduced. Compared with traditional blasting and intermittent mechanical mining methods, it can process large amounts of rock more quickly.

[0026] Secondly, it improves mining capacity: Multiple free faces transform the ore body from a "difficult-to-mine, confined, integral state" to a "more easily-mineable, unconfined, isolated state," thereby increasing the ore body's mining capacity. Simultaneously, through drilling and slotting, pre-fractures generated in the ore body during high stress release can be utilized for rock breaking, making ore body mining even easier.

[0027] Third, it eliminates blasting safety hazards: Safety hazards caused by blasting operations, such as the management of blasting materials, flying rocks, and the generation of harmful gases, have been completely resolved.

[0028] Fourth, reduce the probability of rockbursts: By drilling and slotting, stress in the ore body can be relieved in advance, effectively releasing stress concentration in the ore body and reducing the occurrence of rockbursts.

[0029] Fifth, reduced labor intensity: Mechanized mining reduces the number of manual labor-intensive processes, thus reducing the labor intensity of workers and improving working conditions.

[0030] Sixth, reduce environmental impact: Compared with blasting, continuous mechanical mining reduces the generation of noise, vibration and dust, and has a smaller negative impact on the environment.

[0031] Seventh, improve resource utilization: Continuous mechanical mining can more accurately mine according to the direction of the ore body, reducing resource waste and increasing ore recovery rate.

[0032] Eighth, strong adaptability: This method is applicable to rocks of different hardness. By adjusting the parameters of the mechanical shear mining equipment, it can effectively mine various hard rock ores. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the existing drill-and-blast mining method;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a roadway excavated using the hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 mining operation provided in the first embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 filling method provided in the first embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of the hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 mining method provided in the first embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 mining operation provided in the second embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 7This is a detailed diagram of the hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 mining operation provided in the second embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 filling method provided in the second embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the completion of the hard rock mechanical continuous non-explosive green N21 mining method provided in the second embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 10 This is a side view of an unconfined, isolated ore body obtained by drilling and slotting in an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 11 This is a top view of an unconfined, isolated ore body obtained by drilling and slotting in an embodiment of this application.

[0045] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0046] 11. Ore body; 12. Approach; 13. Connecting roadway; 14. Transport roadway; 15. Blasting direction; 21. Ore body; 22. First-stage transport roadway; 23. Second-stage transport roadway; 24. Working face roadway; 25. Panel; 26. Transport roadway; 27. Mining direction; 28. Hydraulic support device; 29. ​​Shear mining equipment; 210. Transport vehicle; 211. Backfill; 212. First free face; 213. Second... 31. Free face; 32. Sliding platform; 33. First shearing robotic arm; 34. Crushing robotic arm; 35. Second shearing robotic arm; 36. Slide rail; 37. Mobile conveyor belt; 38. Telescopic conveyor belt; 39. Bucket; 40. Collector; 41. Upper filling body; 42. Boundary between filling body and ore body; 43. Mined ore body; 44. Isolated ore body; 45. Lower ore body; 46. Bottom borehole cut; 47. Side borehole cut. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0048] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0049] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0050] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0051] like Figure 2-11 As shown in the present application, the N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining in underground hard rock mines, according to an embodiment of this application, will now be described. This N21 method involves dividing the area to be mined into N panels, with each panel having two parallel stage haulage roadways and one working face roadway. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0052] S1. Divide the mining area into N panels 25, and conduct geological exploration and ore body 21 assessment for each panel 25; among them, the geological exploration and ore body 21 assessment are existing routine operations.

[0053] S2. Each panel 25 has a main haulage roadway 26 on its outer side. Along the strike of the ore body 21, two parallel stage haulage roadways are excavated on both sides of the ore body 21 in each panel 25 and provided with safety supports. A working face roadway 24 is excavated at the end of the ore body 21, connecting the ends of the two stage haulage roadways. Safety supports are standard procedures, fixed to the sidewalls and top of the stage haulage roadways. The two stage haulage roadways are the first stage haulage roadway 22 and the second stage haulage roadway 23.

[0054] S3. A movable hydraulic support device 28 is installed in the working face roadway 24. The hydraulic support device 28 provides safety support for the top surface of the working face roadway 24. The safety support is provided by the hydraulic support device 28, which facilitates the movement of the safety support position. This is a routine operation.

[0055] S4. A pull-shear mining equipment 29 is arranged at the junction of a stage transport roadway and a working face roadway 24. The pull-shear mining equipment 29 mines the ore body 21 in a direction parallel to the working face roadway 24, and continuous mechanical mining is achieved through the pull-shear mining equipment 29.

[0056] S5. During mining, depending on the intensity of ground stress, the hardness of the ore body, and the distribution of joints and fractures, the ore body is drilled and slotted to release the internal stress of the ore body in advance, and then the ore body is mined along the direction parallel to the working face roadway. The drilling and slotting technology makes the ore body to be mined in an unconfined and isolated state, reducing the mining difficulty.

[0057] S6. Transport the ore mined by the shear mining equipment 29 out.

[0058] S7. After the shear mining equipment 29 has moved from one stage transport roadway to another, it advances one working position towards the ore body 21, reaching the new boundary between the stage transport roadway and the working face roadway 24. Subsequently, the hydraulic support device 28 also advances one working position. At this time, a goaf is left behind the hydraulic support device 28. The goaf includes the original working face roadway and the overlapping area between the working face roadway and the stage transport roadway.

[0059] S8. Filling operations are carried out in the goaf to form a filling body 211; the filling material is existing conventional material.

[0060] S9. The shear mining equipment 29 mines the ore body 21 again, repeating steps S5 and S8 until the entire ore body 21 is mined.

[0061] In this embodiment, the hydraulic support device 28 is existing technology, such as a movable filling support. Hydraulic technology, such as a hydraulic cylinder, is used to press the support plate against the top of the working face roadway 24 for safe support, ensuring the safety of the working face roadway 24. In this embodiment, in step S4, the ore body to be crushed at the working face of the ore body 21 has at least two free faces. The first free face is parallel to the stage transport roadway, and the second free face is perpendicular to the stage transport roadway. When the shear mining equipment 29 mines the first free face 212, the second free face 213 provides space for the destruction of the ore body and crack propagation. Conversely, when the shear mining equipment 29 mines the second free face 213, the first free face 212 provides space for the destruction of the ore body and crack propagation.

[0062] In this embodiment, as Figure 10 and 11 As shown, in step S5, continuous drilling and grooving are performed to form a third free surface at the bottom and sides of the ore body, so that the ore body is in an unconfined and isolated state.

[0063] like Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, by drilling and slotting the bottom and sides, the ore body to be mined is formed into an isolated ore body, thus improving the mining capacity. Drilling and slotting allows for pre-emptive stress relief of the ore body, effectively releasing stress concentration, reducing rock bursts, and increasing mining safety. Simultaneously, the stress relief process through drilling and slotting is accompanied by micro-fractures and loosening of the surrounding ore body. In other words, before mining, the drilling and slotting has already caused pre-fractures in the surrounding ore body, making mining easier.

[0064] In this embodiment, in step S7, while the shear mining equipment 29 advances its mining operation, the position of the working face roadway 24 moves forward by one working position simultaneously. The hydraulic support device 28 is used to provide safety support for the roof of the working face roadway 24, ensuring the stability of the working face roadway 24.

[0065] In the first implementation, such as Figure 3-5 As shown, in step S7, the shear mining equipment 29 mines the ore body 21 between the two stage transport tunnels using an "S"-shaped path, and the transport vehicle 210 alternately passes through the two stage transport tunnels to transport the ore out. The shear mining equipment 29 employs the patent technology previously applied for by the applicant, such as the equipment disclosed in applications CN202211715142.7 and CN202310073903.1. In this embodiment, the shear mining equipment 29 is self-moving.

[0066] In the second implementation, such as Figures 6-9 As shown, in one embodiment, a movable conveyor belt 36 is installed below the hydraulic support device 28. The movable conveyor belt 36 moves synchronously with the hydraulic support device 28. A slide rail 35 is provided above the movable conveyor belt 36, and a sliding platform 31 is provided on the slide rail 35. The pull-shear mining equipment 29 is mounted on the sliding platform 31. In this embodiment, the pull-shear mining equipment 29 cannot move on its own. Specifically, the pull-shear mining equipment 29 includes a first pull-shear robotic arm 32, a crushing robotic arm 33, and a second pull-shear robotic arm 34 mounted on the sliding platform 31. The specific structures of the first pull-shear robotic arm 32, the crushing robotic arm 33, and the second pull-shear robotic arm 34 can adopt the corresponding structures disclosed in application numbers CN202211715142.7, CN202310073903.1, and CN202310161546.4.

[0067] Specifically, a bucket 38 for collecting ore is provided below the sliding platform 31. The bucket 38 moves synchronously with the sliding platform 31, and a collector 39 is provided on the bucket 38 to transfer the ore to the mobile conveyor belt 36.

[0068] In the first transportation method of the second embodiment, the shear mining equipment 29 uses an "S" path to mine the ore body 21 between two stage transport tunnels, and the transport vehicle 210 uses one stage transport tunnel to transport the ore out. The transport vehicle 210 is located at the end of the mobile conveyor belt 36 to receive the ore.

[0069] In the second transportation method of the second embodiment, a telescopic conveyor belt 37 is arranged in a stage transportation level roadway. The telescopic conveyor belt 37 can extend and retract according to the length of the stage transportation level roadway. The telescopic conveyor belt 37 is located below the end of the mobile conveyor belt 36 and is used to receive the ore transported by the mobile conveyor belt 36 and to transport the ore out of the stage transportation level roadway. The transport vehicle 210 receives the ore transported out by the telescopic conveyor belt 37 at the main transportation roadway 26, which can reduce the difficulty of transportation by the transport vehicle 210.

[0070] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A continuous non-explosive green mining method (N21) for underground hard rock mining, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Divide the mining area into N panels (25) and conduct geological exploration and ore body (21) assessment for each panel (25); S2. The outer side of each panel (25) is a transport roadway (26). Along the direction of the ore body (21), two parallel stage transport roadways are excavated on both sides of the ore body (21) of each panel (25) and safety support is provided. A working face roadway (24) is excavated at the end of the ore body (21), and the working face roadway (24) connects the ends of the two stage transport roadways. S3. A movable hydraulic support device (28) is arranged in the working face roadway (24), and the hydraulic support device (28) provides safety support for the top surface of the working face roadway (24). S4. A shear mining device (29) is arranged at the junction of a stage transport roadway and the working face roadway (24); the shear mining device (29) mines the ore body (21) in a direction parallel to the working face roadway (24); S5. During mining, depending on the intensity of ground stress, the hardness of the ore body and the distribution of joints and fissures, the ore body is drilled and slotted to release the internal stress of the ore body in advance, and then the ore body is mined along the direction parallel to the working face roadway. S6. Transport the ore mined by the shear mining equipment (29) out; S7. After the shear mining equipment (29) has moved from one stage transport roadway to another stage transport roadway, the shear mining equipment (29) moves one working position closer to the ore body (21) and reaches the junction of the stage transport roadway and the working face roadway (24). After that, the hydraulic support device (28) also moves one working position. At this time, a goaf is left behind the hydraulic support device (28). S8. Filling operations are carried out in the goaf area to form a filling body (211); S9. The shear mining equipment (29) mines the ore body (21) again, repeating steps S5 and S8 until the entire ore body (21) is mined. In step S4, at least two free faces exist in the ore body to be crushed at the working face of the ore body (21). The first free face is parallel to the stage transport roadway, and the second free face is perpendicular to the stage transport roadway. When the shear mining equipment (29) mines the first free face (212), the second free face (213) provides space for the destruction of the ore body and the propagation of cracks. Conversely, when the shear mining equipment (29) mines the second free face (213), the first free face (212) provides space for the destruction of the ore body and the propagation of cracks. In step S5, continuous drilling and grooving are performed to form a third free surface at the bottom and sides of the ore body, so that the ore body is in an unconfined and isolated state.

2. The N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining in underground hard rock mines as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, while the shear mining equipment (29) advances its mining operation, the position of the working face roadway (24) moves synchronously, and the moving hydraulic support device (28) provides safety support for the roof of the formed working face roadway (24).

3. The N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining in underground hard rock mines as described in claim 2, characterized in that: In step S6, the shear mining equipment (29) uses an "S" path to mine the ore body (21) between the two stage transport tunnels, and the transport vehicle (210) alternately passes through the two stage transport tunnels to transport the ore out.

4. The N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining of underground hard rock mines as described in claim 3, characterized in that: A mobile conveyor belt (36) is installed below the hydraulic support device (28). The mobile conveyor belt (36) moves synchronously with the hydraulic support device (28). A slide rail (35) is provided on the mobile conveyor belt (36). A sliding platform (31) is provided on the slide rail (35). The pull-shear mining equipment (29) is set on the sliding platform (31).

5. The N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining of underground hard rock mines as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The shear mining equipment (29) includes a first shearing mechanical arm (32), a crushing mechanical arm (33), and a second shearing mechanical arm (34) mounted on the sliding platform (31).

6. The N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining in underground hard rock mines as described in claim 5, characterized in that: Below the sliding platform (31) is a bucket (38) for collecting ore. The bucket (38) moves synchronously with the sliding platform (31). The bucket (38) is equipped with a receiver (39) for transferring ore to the mobile conveyor belt (36).

7. The N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining in underground hard rock mines as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The shear mining equipment (29) uses an "S" path to mine the ore body (21) between the two stage transport tunnels. The transport vehicle (210) uses one of the stage transport tunnels to transport the ore out. The transport vehicle (210) is located at the end of the mobile conveyor belt (36) to receive the ore.

8. The N21 method for continuous non-explosive green mining in underground hard rock mines as described in claim 6, characterized in that: A telescopic conveyor belt (37) is arranged in one of the stage transport roadways. The telescopic conveyor belt (37) is located below the mobile conveyor belt (36) and is used to transport ore. A transport vehicle (210) receives the ore transported by the telescopic conveyor belt (37) at the main transport roadway (26).

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