High-altitude long tunnel roadway type staged ventilation method, system and equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a roadway type staged ventilation method, system and equipment for a high-altitude long tunnel, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel ventilation. Comprising the steps that a first ventilation system is arranged and used for completing a ventilation task in the transverse tunnel construction stage; entering a main tunnel construction stage after the transverse tunnel construction is completed, and constructing a second ventilation system on the basis of the first ventilation system; the second ventilation system is a ventilation scheme that four fans are formed on the basis of the two fans of the first ventilation system; uniformly dividing the ventilation mileage according to the position of the data acquisition sensor; a sensor system is arranged in each ventilation hole area, and the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area is evaluated according to data collected by a sensor; comparing the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with a preset ventilation threat threshold value, and dynamically adjusting a ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system according to a comparison result; the concentration detection system and the return air detection system are arranged, the operation state of the fan is automatically adjusted, and therefore the ventilation effect of the high-altitude long tunnel is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of tunnel ventilation technology, and in particular to a method, system and equipment for staged ventilation of a long tunnel at high altitude. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel construction ventilation is an important measure to protect the health and safety of workers, and it is also a key factor affecting the progress and quality of construction. Due to the influence of altitude, the low-pressure oxygen content in plateau areas is only about 60% of that at sea level. There are conditions such as high cold, low pressure, and low equipment efficiency. At the same time, long and large tunnels have a long single-head excavation distance, and the oxygen content in the tunnel is lower than outside the tunnel. There are problems such as uneven airflow in different areas and insufficient local pressure difference, which causes obvious loss of efficiency of workers and mechanical equipment in this environment. In order to protect the physical and mental health of construction workers in the tunnel, ensure safe production, and improve work efficiency, the ventilation requirements in long and large tunnels are reasonable and efficient. Therefore, high requirements are placed on the ventilation of long tunnels in high-altitude areas.

[0003] In the construction of long tunnels, it is a common tunnel construction technology to excavate the long tunnel in sections, which is to divide the excavation task of the long tunnel into multiple relatively short work sections and carry out the construction in stages. The existing staged ventilation usually refers to configuring an independent ventilation system for each excavation section. However, for each work section, how to optimize the ventilation system and ventilation method locally according to the construction of the work section and in combination with different construction progress, so as to solve the problem of difficult to ensure the ventilation effect inside the tunnel during the construction of long tunnels at high altitudes, and at the same time improve the ventilation efficiency, is one of the difficulties in the industry.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an improved technical solution to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation method, system and equipment to solve or alleviate the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In the first aspect, the present application provides a high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation method, wherein the high-altitude long tunnel has multiple cross-hole construction positions, and the construction process at each cross-hole construction position is divided into: a cross-hole construction stage and a main tunnel construction stage. The ventilation method includes:

[0008] S1: Setting a first ventilation system for completing the ventilation task during the horizontal tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are arranged at the openings of the two horizontal tunnels on the right line of the main tunnel and supply air to the horizontal tunnel construction surface through air ducts;

[0009] S2: After the construction of the horizontal tunnel is completed, the main tunnel construction phase begins. A second ventilation system is constructed on the basis of the first ventilation system. The second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system. One fan is added at each of the two horizontal tunnel openings to form a ventilation scheme with four fans. The forced ventilation mode is used to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction.

[0010] S3: Evenly divide the ventilation mileage according to the positions of data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensor;

[0011] S4: comparing the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjusting the ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result;

[0012] S5: Set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, in S3, the data collected by the sensor includes: harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data, and real-time cave area temperature data;

[0014] Accordingly, the method of evaluating the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area based on the data collected by the sensor includes:

[0015] Calculate gas accumulation based on harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data and real-time cave area temperature data;

[0016] Calculate the ventilation efficiency loss value based on the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area;

[0017] The gas concentration and the ventilation efficiency loss value are weightedly summed to obtain the ventilation threat value.

[0018] In combination with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the gas concentration is calculated based on the harmful gas concentration data, the real-time cave area humidity data, and the real-time cave area temperature data, specifically:

[0019] The harmful gas concentration data of each ventilation tunnel area are corrected using the real-time tunnel area humidity data, real-time tunnel area temperature data and their corresponding influencing factors, and the correction results are normalized and summed to obtain the gas accumulation degree.

[0020] In combination with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the ventilation efficiency loss value is calculated based on the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area, specifically:

[0021] Extract the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind flow speed of each ventilation tunnel area, and obtain the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and wind flow speed set of the tunnel area;

[0022] Take any ventilation tunnel area as the current tunnel area, and find the values ​​closest to the ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and tunnel area wind flow speed of the current tunnel area in the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and tunnel area wind flow speed set, and record them as the closest resistance, closest power and closest wind speed;

[0023] The difference between the square of the ventilation path resistance of the current cave area and the square of the closest resistance is calculated to obtain a first difference; the difference between the square of the ventilation power and the square of the closest power is calculated to obtain a second difference; the difference between the square of the wind flow velocity in the cave area and the square of the closest wind velocity is calculated to obtain a third difference;

[0024] The first difference, the second difference, and the third difference are divided by the average ventilation path resistance, the average ventilation power, and the average wind speed in the tunnel area, respectively, and then the results of the division are summed to obtain the ventilation efficiency loss value of each ventilation tunnel area.

[0025] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation, in S4, if the comparison result of the ventilation threat value of a certain ventilation tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold is that the ventilation threat value is greater than the preset ventilation threat threshold, the ventilation tunnel area is judged to be a high-risk tunnel area, and the ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system is adjusted as follows:

[0026] Increase the wind speed of the original fan;

[0027] A return air passage is set up in the ventilation tunnel area, and an exhaust fan is added to the return air passage;

[0028] Change the push-in ventilation mode to a combined push-in and pull-out ventilation mode;

[0029] If the comparison result of the ventilation threat value of a ventilation tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold is that the ventilation threat value is less than or equal to the preset ventilation threat threshold, then the ventilation tunnel area is judged as a low-risk tunnel area, the original number and position of fans are kept unchanged, and the push-in ventilation mode continues to be used.

[0030] In combination with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, two air doors are arranged between the return air channel and the horizontal tunnel outlet.

[0031] In combination with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the transverse holes at each transverse hole construction location include a first transverse hole and a second transverse hole. During the transverse hole construction phase, the air valves arranged on the air ducts are controlled to supply air to the construction surfaces of the first transverse hole and the second transverse hole.

[0032] In the second aspect, a high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation system, in which the high-altitude long tunnel has multiple cross-hole construction positions, and the construction process at each cross-hole construction position is divided into: a cross-hole construction stage and a main tunnel construction stage. The ventilation system includes:

[0033] A first ventilation unit is configured to set up a first ventilation system for completing the ventilation task during the horizontal tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are arranged at the openings of the two horizontal tunnels on the left and right lines of the main tunnel, and supply air to the horizontal tunnel construction surface through the first air duct assembly;

[0034] The second ventilation unit is configured to enter the main tunnel construction stage after the transverse tunnel construction is completed, and the second ventilation system is constructed on the basis of the first ventilation system; the second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system, and one fan is added at the opening of each of the two transverse tunnels to form a ventilation scheme of four fans, and a pressure ventilation mode is adopted to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction;

[0035] The threat value calculation unit is configured to evenly divide the ventilation mileage according to the positions of the data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensor;

[0036] a ventilation scheme adjustment unit, configured to compare the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjust the ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result;

[0037] The fan adjustment unit is configured to set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system, monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time, and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

[0038] In a third aspect, this embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation method provided in any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0039] In a fourth aspect, this embodiment provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation method provided in any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0040] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] In the technical solution of this embodiment, a single working section is further subdivided into a transverse tunnel construction stage and a main tunnel construction stage, and separate ventilation schemes are configured for the two subdivided construction stages to flexibly respond to the ventilation needs of different construction stages. Specifically, in the transverse tunnel construction stage: a first ventilation system is used, including two fans, to provide sufficient ventilation for the transverse tunnel construction surface. This ventilation scheme is simple and efficient, and can adapt to the smaller space and local ventilation needs during transverse tunnel construction. After entering the main tunnel construction stage, more powerful ventilation capacity is required. By adding two fans to the original ventilation system, a ventilation scheme of four fans is formed to adapt to higher ventilation needs.

[0042] By evenly dividing the ventilation mileage, each ventilation tunnel area corresponds to a certain area length or space, ensuring the refined management of tunnel ventilation. On this basis, the ventilation threat value is calculated through the data collected in real time by the sensor, and the ventilation plan is dynamically adjusted according to the comparison results of the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold. It can effectively prevent the ventilation system in high-altitude long tunnels from being over-ventilated or under-ventilated in certain areas due to low pressure and uneven ventilation, thereby ensuring a balanced ventilation effect.

[0043] In summary, this scheme is based on the construction characteristics of the tunnel and optimizes the construction ventilation system and ventilation methods in combination with different construction stages. It can effectively solve the problem that it is difficult to ensure the ventilation effect inside the tunnel during the construction of long tunnels at high altitudes. The overall structure of the ventilation system of this scheme is simple, and it adopts pressure ventilation. Axial flow fans are set at the opening to press fresh air into the face, so that the entire ventilation system is in a positive pressure state; the fans and their auxiliary electrical equipment are arranged in the fresh air flow, and the polluted air does not pass through the local fans, which has good safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of a high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation method provided according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first ventilation system during the horizontal tunnel construction phase according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a second ventilation system during the main tunnel construction phase provided according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0047] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a return air tunnel during the main tunnel construction phase provided according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0048] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0049] Figure 6 The hardware structure diagram of the electronic device provided according to the embodiment of the present application.

[0050] Description of reference numerals:

[0051] 11. First transverse tunnel; 12. Second transverse tunnel; 2. Main tunnel; 21. Right line; 22. Left line; 3. Air duct; 41. First fan; 42. Second fan; 43. Third fan; 44. Fourth fan; 45. Jet fan; 46. Exhaust fan; 61. Right tunnel long mileage; 62. Right tunnel short mileage; 71. Left tunnel long mileage; 72. Left tunnel short mileage; 8. Return air passage; 9. Air gate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The terms "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally includes steps or units that are not listed, or optionally includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0053] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0054] The embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Embodiment 1:

[0056] This embodiment provides a high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation method. The high-altitude long tunnel has multiple cross-hole construction positions. The construction process at each cross-hole construction position is divided into: a cross-hole construction stage, a main hole construction stage, such as Figure 1 As shown, the ventilation method comprises the following steps:

[0057] S1: Setting a first ventilation system for completing the ventilation task during the horizontal tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two first fan 41 components, which are arranged at the openings of the two horizontal tunnels on the left and right lines of the main tunnel, and supply air to the horizontal tunnel construction surface through the air duct 3 connected thereto;

[0058] S2: After the construction of the transverse tunnel is completed, the main tunnel construction phase begins, and a second ventilation system is constructed on the basis of the first ventilation system; the second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system, and one fan is added at each of the two transverse tunnel openings. The newly added fans are the third fan 43 and the fourth fan 44, forming a ventilation scheme of four fans, which is used to bear the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction;

[0059] S3: Evenly divide the ventilation mileage according to the positions of data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensor;

[0060] S4: comparing the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with the preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjusting the original ventilation plan according to the comparison result;

[0061] S5: Set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

[0062] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, high altitude refers to areas with an altitude of more than 2,500 meters, and long tunnel refers to a tunnel with a length greater than 5 km.

[0063] In these high-altitude areas, the oxygen concentration in the air is reduced, the air pressure is lower, and the climatic conditions are more extreme, which places higher demands on the design of the ventilation system, the health of construction workers, and the service life of equipment.

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, the long tunnel of this embodiment is a parallel double-track tunnel, including a left track 22 and a right track 21. Two transverse tunnels are located on one side of the right track 21 of the main tunnel. At each transverse tunnel construction position, the first transverse tunnel 11 and the second transverse tunnel 12 are constructed respectively from one side of the main tunnel 2, and finally penetrate the left track 22 and the right track 21 of the main tunnel.

[0065] It is understandable that in other construction scenarios, the two cross tunnels may also be located on one side of the left line 22 of the main tunnel.

[0066] In this embodiment, the high-altitude long tunnel has multiple cross-tunnel construction locations. The cross-tunnels can be used as additional ventilation openings to shorten the ventilation distance. Through segmented ventilation, fresh air can be effectively transported into the tunnel, harmful gases can be discharged, and the air quality in the tunnel can be improved. At the same time, in the case of multiple cross-tunnels, construction can be carried out simultaneously from multiple directions. Excavation can be carried out from the entrance and exit of the main tunnel, and excavation can be carried out from the cross-tunnel to the inside of the tunnel and to both sides. This method effectively shortens the construction time and improves construction efficiency.

[0067] The spacing of cross tunnels can be determined according to the tunnel length, ventilation requirements and construction conditions. Taking into account the special conditions in high-altitude areas, the spacing of cross tunnels needs to be shortened to, for example, 300 to 500 meters to cope with the ventilation difficulties caused by low air density.

[0068] In this embodiment, the construction process at each transverse tunnel construction position (equivalent to an operation section) is divided into: a transverse tunnel construction stage and a main tunnel construction stage. The transverse tunnel construction stage mainly involves excavating and supporting the transverse tunnel itself. The excavation of the transverse tunnel is usually carried out from the outside of the tunnel to the inside, and the excavation and support are completed step by step to ensure the stability of the transverse tunnel. The main tunnel construction stage is after the excavation of the transverse tunnel is completed, and the left and right lines of the main tunnel 2 are entered by using the transverse tunnel for segmented excavation. Through the transverse tunnel, ventilation can be provided to multiple headings (working faces) of the main tunnel 2. The main tunnel construction stage further includes: the main tunnel left line construction stage and the main tunnel right line construction stage. The main tunnel left line construction stage and the main tunnel right line construction stage can be carried out separately or simultaneously.

[0069] In other words, in this embodiment, according to the ventilation requirements in different construction stages, the construction stages are divided into the cross tunnel construction stage, the main tunnel left line construction stage, and the main tunnel right line construction stage; the cross tunnel construction stage refers to the stage when the cross tunnel is constructed to the position of the left line 22 of the main tunnel; the main tunnel left line construction stage refers to the main line construction stage on the left side of the main tunnel 2, and the main tunnel right line construction stage refers to the main line construction stage on the right side of the main tunnel 2.

[0070] In view of the different construction stages in the entire construction process and the ventilation needs and characteristics of different construction stages, the ventilation system includes cross tunnel construction ventilation system and main tunnel ventilation system stages.

[0071] During the horizontal tunnel construction process, the first ventilation system (horizontal tunnel construction ventilation system) is set up to complete the ventilation task of the horizontal tunnel construction stage. The ventilation task of this stage is mainly to ventilate the inside of the tunnel during the horizontal tunnel construction process, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first ventilation system includes two fans, a first fan 41 and a second fan 42. The first fan 41 and the second fan 42 are respectively located at a certain distance from the openings of the first transverse tunnel 11 and the second transverse tunnel 12 to ensure the intake of fresh air. The first fan 41 and the second fan 42 are respectively connected to the construction surfaces of the first transverse tunnel 11 and the second transverse tunnel 12 through the air duct 3, and fresh air is supplied to the corresponding faces.

[0072] In another embodiment, the horizontal tunnel construction ventilation system includes:

[0073] When constructing the transverse tunnel, a first fan 41 and a second fan 42 are installed at the openings of the first transverse tunnel 11 and the second transverse tunnel 12;

[0074] A horizontal tunnel branch tunnel connected to the horizontal tunnel is provided at a position close to the left line 22 of the main tunnel 2;

[0075] The first fan 41 and the second fan 42 are connected to the air duct 3 , and supply air to the horizontal tunnel construction surface through the air duct 3 .

[0076] Here, the first fan 41 and the second fan 42 are two axial flow fans (specific models are, for example: ZVN 1-14-200 / 4; ZVN 1-14-150 / 4), and the air duct 3 includes two air ducts 3 extending toward the cross tunnel face along the axis of the cross tunnel. The air duct 3 is a low-leakage air duct with a diameter of 2m. The two air ducts are respectively connected to two axial flow fans, and a forced-in ventilation method is used to supply air to the cross tunnel construction surface.

[0077] The ventilation task during the horizontal tunnel construction phase includes: setting the first ventilation system at the openings of the two horizontal tunnels on the right line 21, supplying air to the horizontal tunnels, and ventilating synchronously with the construction until the horizontal tunnels are completed. Further, in S1, the fan assembly in the first ventilation system uses two fans for ventilation operation. When the construction reaches the horizontal tunnel construction position and two horizontal tunnels need to be constructed, the air valve set on the air duct 3 is controlled to supply air to the corresponding construction face.

[0078] This embodiment adopts a dual-fan ventilation design during the horizontal tunnel construction phase to ensure that fresh air is effectively provided to the horizontal tunnel construction surface and that air circulation is ensured in the construction area. Fans are set at the two openings to form multiple air supply points, so that air can be effectively distributed within a shorter ventilation distance, avoiding pressure loss caused by long-distance air supply, and more efficiently delivering fresh air to the interior of the horizontal tunnel to improve ventilation efficiency. In addition, the two fans can independently adjust the air volume according to the specific construction requirements of the left and right lines 21 to meet the needs of different time periods and different construction surfaces, so that flexible control of air quality can be ensured to avoid the situation where the air is thin or harmful gases accumulate in a certain area.

[0079] During the cross-tunnel construction phase, a pressure ventilation mode is adopted, in which fresh air is pressed into the tunnel from outside the tunnel through a fan to dilute the dust and harmful gases in the tunnel, and the polluted air is naturally discharged by relying on the pressure difference of the airflow.

[0080] After the cross tunnel construction is completed, the main tunnel construction stage begins. The second ventilation system is constructed on the basis of the first ventilation system, also known as the original ventilation system, also known as the main tunnel construction ventilation system.

[0081] The original ventilation plan is to add a fan at the entrance of each of the two horizontal tunnels on the basis of the two fans of the first ventilation system, that is, to add a third fan 43 to the first horizontal tunnel 11 and a fourth fan 44 to the second horizontal tunnel 12, forming a ventilation plan with four fans, which is used to undertake ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction.

[0082] Specifically, the main tunnel long mileage and the main tunnel short mileage constructed in the horizontal tunnel work area adopt the pressure-in ventilation; among them, the main tunnel long mileage includes: the right tunnel long mileage 61, the left tunnel long mileage 71, and the main tunnel short mileage includes: the right tunnel short mileage 62, the left tunnel short mileage 72. The first fan 41 set at the opening of the first horizontal tunnel 11 is used for ventilation in the direction of the main tunnel short mileage, and the third fan 43 is used for supplying air in the direction of the main tunnel long mileage; the second fan 42 set at the opening of the second horizontal tunnel 12 is used for ventilation in the direction of the main tunnel short mileage, and the fourth fan 44 is used for supplying air in the direction of the main tunnel long mileage.

[0083] The original ventilation plan also includes: constructing the left main tunnel, using a pressure-type ventilation method, and supplying air to the left line 22 of the main tunnel and the right line 21 of the main tunnel through the air duct 3 connected to the fan; if ventilation is difficult, a combined pressure-extraction ventilation method is used, adding a return air channel 8 near the cross tunnel outlet, installing an exhaust fan 46, and setting two air gates 9 between the return air channel 8 and the cross tunnel outlet.

[0084] For example, refer to Figure 3 The structure of the second ventilation system during the main tunnel construction phase is explained.

[0085] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, during the main tunnel construction stage, the cross tunnel has penetrated the main tunnel 2, and the original cross tunnel construction ventilation system has become a component of the main tunnel construction ventilation system to ventilate the left and right lines of the main tunnel. The main tunnel construction ventilation system includes:

[0086] On the basis of the existing horizontal tunnel construction ventilation system, a third fan 43 and a fourth fan 44 are added at the horizontal tunnel opening;

[0087] The third fan 43 and the fourth fan 44 are respectively connected to the air duct 3, which extends into the left line 22 and the right line 21 of the main tunnel respectively, and supplies air to the heading faces of the left line 22 and the right line 21 of the main tunnel through the air duct 3.

[0088] Here, the third fan 43 and the fourth fan 44 are two axial flow fans, and the first fan 41 and the second fan 42 are used at the same time. At this time, only two more axial flow fans (namely the third fan 43 and the fourth fan 44) are needed, and the models are ZVN 1-16-250 / 4 and ZVN 1-16-200 / 4, so as to realize effective ventilation of the main tunnel construction.

[0089] Furthermore, the two air ducts 3 connecting the third fan 43 and the fourth fan 44 are divided into 3 sections of transverse tunnel air ducts and 3 sections of main tunnel air ducts. The 3 sections of transverse tunnel air ducts use air ducts 3 with a diameter of 2.2m, and the 3 sections of main tunnel air ducts use air ducts 3 with a diameter of 2m. An adjusting damper 9 is provided at the intersection of the transverse tunnel and the main tunnel 2. Such a setting can effectively balance the ventilation efficiency and the volume of the air duct 3, while flexibly adjusting the ventilation system.

[0090] In S3, the ventilation mileage is evenly divided according to the positions of data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas. The purpose is to divide the entire construction area into several sub-sections with clear ranges according to the positions of sensor layouts. The air quality, wind speed, wind pressure and other parameters of each section are monitored by sensors at corresponding positions.

[0091] In this embodiment, the ventilation tunnel area is a section of the construction tunnel, which is mainly divided according to the coverage of sensor monitoring and ventilation mileage. Each tunnel area is monitored by sensors in real time, and the data is used to evaluate and control the ventilation conditions of the area.

[0092] Among them, sensors can collect real-time data such as air quality (such as oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide content, dust concentration, etc.), wind speed, wind pressure, etc. in the tunnel to evaluate the ventilation effect. The location of the sensor determines its monitoring range. By dividing these monitoring ranges, refined ventilation management can be achieved.

[0093] Through uniform division, the ventilation mileage of the entire tunnel is divided into N ventilation tunnel areas according to the location of the sensors. The length of each tunnel area is roughly the same (i.e., uniform division), which is convenient for management and optimization of the ventilation system. At the same time, each sensor is responsible for monitoring the ventilation status of the corresponding section. By dividing the tunnel area, the scope of action of each monitoring device can be clarified.

[0094] Furthermore, sensors may be arranged at key points in the tunnel (such as the face, the interface of the horizontal tunnel, the end of the air duct 3, etc.), and the ventilation mileage may be divided into several tunnel areas according to the location and monitoring coverage of these sensors.

[0095] The ventilation mileage can be roughly divided into equal parts so that each sensor corresponds to an area. For example, if the total length of the tunnel is 300 meters, 10 sensors can be set up, and the length of the area monitored by each sensor is 30 meters. After the division is completed, a total of N ventilation tunnel areas are obtained, and N depends on the number of sensors. The advantage of this is that the air quality, wind speed, wind pressure, etc. of each ventilation tunnel area are monitored in real time by the corresponding sensors to ensure that the data is accurate and reliable, and if a tunnel area is abnormal (such as excessive harmful gases), it can be located in time. For the entire ventilation system, by dividing the tunnel area, the ventilation system can adjust the air volume and wind pressure for each section separately to ensure the high efficiency of local ventilation. In the layout of the fan or air duct 3, it can be reasonably configured according to the division of the tunnel area to avoid blindly increasing the ventilation intensity of the entire tunnel.

[0096] On the basis of dividing the ventilation tunnel areas, a sensor system is deployed in each ventilation tunnel area, and the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area is evaluated based on the data collected by the sensor.

[0097] In this embodiment, the ventilation threat value is a quantitative assessment of the air quality and ventilation conditions in the cave area, indicating the degree of risk that may exist in the area.

[0098] Specifically, the ventilation threat value of this embodiment can be calculated as follows: the ventilation threat value can be calculated based on the deviation between the data collected by the sensor and the safety standard. For example, the ventilation threat value can be characterized by calculating the difference between the oxygen concentration and the safety standard value, or the ventilation threat value can be characterized by calculating the difference between the concentration of harmful gases and the safety standard value. On the other hand, in the case where the data collected by the sensor includes multiple collection indicators, the ventilation threat value can also be calculated by evaluating the weight for each indicator and taking a weighted sum. This embodiment does not limit the specific calculation method of the ventilation threat value.

[0099] By calculating the ventilation threat value, it is possible to quickly locate whether there are ventilation hazards in certain areas (such as excessive concentration of harmful gases or insufficient wind speed), providing a basis for adjusting the ventilation plan in step S4.

[0100] In S4, the preset ventilation threat threshold is a pre-set safety limit, which indicates the upper limit of the ventilation threat value. When the value is exceeded, it is considered that the risk is high and measures need to be taken to reduce the threat. Specifically, the ventilation threat threshold can be formulated according to safety standards and environmental requirements, or based on trend analysis of historical data.

[0101] Furthermore, the system will compare the actual ventilation threat value of each tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold in real time. If the comparison result of the ventilation threat value of a ventilation tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold is that the ventilation threat value is greater than the preset ventilation threat threshold, the ventilation tunnel area is judged to be a high-risk tunnel area. From a time perspective, it can also be described as: the tunnel area is in a period of ventilation difficulty, and the ventilation plan of the second ventilation system is adjusted as follows:

[0102] Increase the wind speed of the original fan;

[0103] A return air passage 8 is provided in the ventilation tunnel area, and an exhaust fan 46 is added to the return air passage 8;

[0104] Change the push-in ventilation mode to a combined push-in and pull-out ventilation mode;

[0105] If the comparison result of the ventilation threat value of a ventilation tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold is that the ventilation threat value is less than or equal to the preset ventilation threat threshold, then the ventilation tunnel area is judged as a low-risk tunnel area, the original number and position of fans are kept unchanged, and the push-in ventilation mode continues to be used.

[0106] Here, the original fans refer to the first fan 41, the second fan 42, the third fan 43, and the fourth fan 44 which are respectively arranged at the entrances of the first transverse tunnel 11 and the second transverse tunnel 12. By increasing the wind speed of these fans, the working efficiency of the fans is improved, and more fresh air can quickly enter the construction area, thereby enhancing the emission capacity of harmful gases, smoke, etc., and avoiding their accumulation in high-risk areas.

[0107] On the basis of increasing the wind speed of the original fan, the adjustment of the ventilation plan also includes: setting a return air passage 8 in the ventilation tunnel area, and adding an exhaust fan 46 in the return air passage 8.

[0108] For example, Figure 4 As shown, assuming that the real-time assessment results show that there is a high-risk area, a return air tunnel 8 can be added near the horizontal tunnel outlet, an exhaust fan 46 can be added at the entrance of the return air tunnel 8, and two air gates 9 can be set between the return air tunnel 8 and the horizontal tunnel outlet.

[0109] Optionally, the exhaust fan 46 can be a medium-pressure fan (also known as a medium-pressure fan). Medium-pressure fans are divided into axial flow and centrifugal types according to the energy acquisition method. Axial flow fans are mostly used for tunnel ventilation. The diameter of the air duct 3 connected to the exhaust fan 46 can be comprehensively determined based on the construction section, ventilation volume and the length of the air duct 3. Generally, large-diameter air ducts are usually used for long-distance air supply.

[0110] In this embodiment, by adjusting the above ventilation scheme, the airflow direction in the tunnel can be effectively changed, and harmful gases can be guided from high-risk areas to the return air outlet for discharge to prevent them from being retained in the working area. The exhaust fan 46 is used to "extract" air from the construction area to further enhance air flow. The function of the return air lane 8 is to take the airflow away from the construction surface. After combining with the exhaust fan 46, it can also avoid unidirectional air flow and prevent pollution control backflow. The push-in ventilation mode is changed to a combined pressure-extraction ventilation mode. The combined pressure-extraction mode can control air flow in both directions, more effectively control the direction of airflow, enhance gas emission, and better adapt to complex environments in areas with poor air exchange and difficult ventilation, achieving better ventilation effects.

[0111] In addition, through the comprehensive adjustment of the above three measures, the accumulation of harmful gases can be effectively reduced, especially in high-risk areas, and the safety of the construction environment can be ensured in time. The above scheme is based on dynamic monitoring (through real-time data monitoring and threat assessment) to adjust the ventilation strategy. By comparing the ventilation threat value with the preset ventilation threat threshold, high-risk areas can be discovered in real time, and timely adjustments can be made when the ventilation threat in the area is large. This real-time response mechanism enables the ventilation system to have higher emergency response capabilities and flexibility.

[0112] Optionally, a jet fan 45 may be arranged in the construction tunnel to enhance the ability to remove polluted air.

[0113] On the other hand, if the ventilation tunnel area is judged to be a low-risk tunnel area, the original number and position of fans will remain unchanged and the forced ventilation mode will continue to be used. Alternatively, the forced ventilation mode can be converted to intermittent ventilation, that is, the original fans can be set to intermittent ventilation working mode to further save energy.

[0114] It should be noted that after a certain tunnel area is judged as a high-risk tunnel area, if the ventilation threat value is reduced to within the preset ventilation threat threshold by adjusting the ventilation plan of the second ventilation system, at this time, the exhaust fan 46 at the entrance of the return air duct 8 can be controlled not to work to reduce energy consumption.

[0115] Two dampers 9 are arranged between the return air lane 8 and the cross tunnel exit. The dampers 9 are arranged to prevent air from flowing back to the working face, ensuring that the air in the tunnel always flows in one direction. At the same time, the interval between each damper 9 is equivalent to an additional air flow buffer zone. In this way, even if one of the dampers 9 leaks or is damaged, the other damper 9 can still effectively play an isolation role, enhance the airtightness, and maintain the stability of wind pressure and airflow.

[0116] In S5, a concentration detection system and a return air detection system are set up to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan. The purpose is to achieve dynamic and accurate ventilation management and ensure that the operating status of the ventilation system can be automatically adjusted according to real-time environmental data during tunnel construction to ensure ventilation efficiency, air quality and safety.

[0117] The concentration detection system is used to monitor the concentration of harmful gases in the return air in real time, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, methane, etc. These gases may be produced by construction equipment, blasting operations or chemical reactions of the soil itself during tunnel construction. By setting up concentration sensors, the system can detect gas concentrations in real time and reflect the severity of pollution in the tunnel.

[0118] The return air detection system is used to monitor the return air flow rate. Return air refers to the air that is extracted after passing through the work surface, which usually contains harmful gases and dust generated during the construction process. By monitoring the return air flow rate, it is possible to understand the flow of air, determine whether the ventilation system is working properly, and whether there is poor ventilation or air stagnation.

[0119] According to the real-time data of the concentration detection system and the return air detection system, the operation state of the fan is automatically adjusted, including the fan switch, wind speed adjustment, and even the use of the standby fan, etc. This is specifically achieved through the automatic connection between the control system and the fan. The automatic connection and control method can refer to the existing technology, and this embodiment will not be repeated.

[0120] Furthermore, in S5, a concentration detection system and a return air detection system are set up to detect CO, CO2, and NO in the tunnel. X The concentration setting detector is used for real-time concentration monitoring.

[0121] The calculation method of the ventilation threat value provided in the above-mentioned embodiment usually does not take into account the ventilation restrictions of the special environment of the high-altitude long tunnel. When it is applied to the construction of the high-altitude long tunnel, there is a problem of insufficient evaluation accuracy. Therefore, as a preferred embodiment, in S3, the ventilation threat value is calculated by constructing a dynamic risk assessment model. The dynamic risk assessment model is specifically as follows: the data collected by the sensor includes: harmful gas concentration data, real-time tunnel area humidity data and real-time tunnel area temperature data. Accordingly, the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area is evaluated based on the data collected by the sensor, including:

[0122] Calculate gas accumulation based on harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data and real-time cave area temperature data;

[0123] Calculate the ventilation efficiency loss value based on the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area;

[0124] The gas concentration and the ventilation efficiency loss value are weightedly summed to obtain the ventilation threat value.

[0125] Specifically, the calculation formula of the above ventilation threat value is:

[0126] S=ε1×s1+ε2×s2……………………(1)

[0127] Wherein, ε1 and ε2 are threat proportional factors respectively, and satisfy ε1+ε2=1; s1 is the gas concentration; s2 is the ventilation efficiency loss value.

[0128] Furthermore, based on the harmful gas concentration data, the real-time cave area humidity data and the real-time cave area temperature data, the gas accumulation degree is calculated. The specific calculation method is:

[0129] The harmful gas concentration data of each ventilation tunnel area are corrected using the real-time tunnel area humidity data, real-time tunnel area temperature data and their corresponding influencing factors, and the correction results are normalized and summed to obtain the gas accumulation degree.

[0130] Correspondingly, the calculation formula is expressed as follows:

[0131]

[0132] In the formula, α1 and α2 are the influencing factors of the real-time cave area humidity data and the real-time cave area temperature data on the accumulation of harmful gases respectively; They represent the real-time mean humidity and temperature of N ventilation tunnels respectively; c n is the concentration value of harmful gases in the nth ventilation tunnel area; c max ,c min are the maximum and minimum concentrations of harmful gases in N ventilation tunnel areas respectively.

[0133] The above calculation method of gas accumulation corrects the gas concentration in each area by multiplying the temperature and humidity with the influencing factor. This method takes into account the impact of different environmental conditions on the gas concentration, making the gas accumulation more in line with the actual environment. At the same time, normalization is performed by the sum of the maximum and minimum gas concentrations to avoid the gas concentration in a certain area from having too much influence on the final result, and to make the final accumulation value more standardized and easier to compare.

[0134] Ventilation efficiency loss refers to the phenomenon that the air volume, wind speed or air flow efficiency decreases due to various factors during the actual operation of the ventilation system. This loss may affect the regulation of air quality and gas exchange efficiency, and thus affect the construction environment, air quality and the health and safety of workers.

[0135] In this embodiment, the ventilation efficiency loss value is calculated based on the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area. The specific calculation method is:

[0136] Extract the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind flow speed of each ventilation tunnel area, and obtain the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and wind flow speed set of the tunnel area;

[0137] Take any ventilation tunnel area as the current tunnel area, and find the values ​​closest to the ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and tunnel area wind flow speed of the current tunnel area in the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and tunnel area wind flow speed set, and record them as the closest resistance, closest power and closest wind speed;

[0138] The difference between the square of the ventilation path resistance of the current cave area and the square of the closest resistance is calculated to obtain a first difference; the difference between the square of the ventilation power and the square of the closest power is calculated to obtain a second difference; the difference between the square of the wind flow velocity in the cave area and the square of the closest wind velocity is calculated to obtain a third difference;

[0139] The first difference, the second difference, and the third difference are divided by the average ventilation path resistance, the average ventilation power, and the average wind speed in the tunnel area, respectively, and then the results of the division are summed to obtain the ventilation efficiency loss value of each ventilation tunnel area.

[0140] The calculation expressions of the above steps are as follows:

[0141]

[0142] In the formula, f n ,g n ,v n represents the ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind speed of the nth ventilation tunnel area respectively; f′, g′, v′ are the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and wind speed set of the N ventilation tunnel areas, which are closest to f n ,g n ,v n The amount of data; They are the mean ventilation path resistance, mean ventilation power and mean wind speed in the N ventilation tunnel areas respectively.

[0143] The above calculation method of ventilation efficiency loss value is to find the efficiency loss in the ventilation system by comparing the differences between each area. It does not rely solely on absolute values, but focuses on the relative difference between each area and other areas of the system, that is, f n ,g n ,v n The difference between f′, g′, and v′ respectively reflects the performance difference of each area in the system. In addition, the difference calculation uses square difference instead of direct difference, which can make the area with greater resistance occupy a greater weight in the loss value calculation, enhance the sensitivity of the difference, and highlight the area with greater resistance. It helps to identify potential bottlenecks in the ventilation system, thereby providing direction for subsequent optimization design. By comparing the loss value of each area with the corresponding mean of the area, a relative measurement method is used to reduce the impact of dimensional differences or extreme values ​​that may be caused by calculations based solely on absolute values. This makes the final ventilation efficiency loss calculation more fair and comparable, especially for ventilation systems of different sizes or designs. By comprehensively considering the losses in three aspects: resistance, power, and wind speed, the operating efficiency of the ventilation system can be comprehensively evaluated from multiple angles, helping to reveal key issues in the ventilation system and ensuring that not only one aspect of performance is optimized, but the overall performance is balanced.

[0144] The calculation method of the ventilation efficiency loss value provided in this embodiment has the following advantages as a whole: First, by calculating the losses in each area and comparing the differences between them, the weak links that affect the ventilation effect can be accurately found, and the ventilation unevenness can be revealed, which is suitable for evaluating the unevenness in the ventilation system. Secondly, by comparing the difference with the mean, the interference caused by individual extreme values ​​(such as very high or very low resistance, power or wind speed) can be reduced, making the calculation more stable and reliable, especially when there are extreme data or outliers, this method can maintain higher accuracy. In addition, this method not only takes into account the wind speed, but also the two factors of power and resistance, and comprehensively evaluates all aspects of the ventilation system. By comprehensively considering the losses of multiple factors, it can identify problems more comprehensively, which is helpful for evaluating the efficiency loss of the overall system for large-scale and complex regional ventilation systems, and helps locate specific problems, providing guidance for system optimization.

[0145] The data collected by the sensor may include harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data and real-time cave area temperature data, wherein the harmful gas concentration data may further include carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NO X )wait.

[0146] As a preferred embodiment, a flexible air duct is used as the air duct 3 to connect the fan and the working surface. The flexible air duct refers to a bendable pipe made of multiple layers of different materials, which is low in cost and light in weight, convenient for high-altitude transportation, reduces the construction workload of the ventilation system in high-altitude areas, and reduces the utilization of the internal space of the tunnel.

[0147] Exemplarily, the flexible air duct may be made of aluminum foil, PVC, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or other flexible materials, and may be bent and adjusted in length as required, for ease of installation and operation.

[0148] In summary, the high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation method provided by this embodiment specifically includes: setting up a first ventilation system to complete the ventilation task in the construction phase; equipping four fans to bear the ventilation tasks in different directions to construct an original ventilation plan; constructing a dynamic risk assessment model, and deploying a sensor system in the tunnel area to evaluate the ventilation threat value of each tunnel area; and dynamically adjusting the original ventilation plan according to the ventilation threat value; setting up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time, and automatically adjusting the operating status of the fan. The method described in the present disclosure uses a pressure-type ventilator and an axial flow ventilator set at the entrance to press fresh air into the face, so that the entire ventilation system is in a positive pressure state, which can well solve the problem that the ventilation effect inside tunnels in low-pressure and high-altitude areas is difficult to ensure.

[0149] By constructing a dynamic risk assessment model, the ventilation system can be controlled accurately in real time by region, thus improving the adaptability of ventilation in long tunnel construction in high-altitude areas.

[0150] Embodiment 2:

[0151] This embodiment provides a high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation system, in which the high-altitude long tunnel has multiple cross-hole construction positions, and the construction process at each cross-hole construction position is divided into: a cross-hole construction stage and a main tunnel construction stage. The ventilation system includes:

[0152] The first ventilation unit is configured to set up a first ventilation system for completing the ventilation task during the horizontal tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are arranged at the openings of the two horizontal tunnels on the left and right lines of the main tunnel, and supply air to the horizontal tunnel construction surface through the air duct;

[0153] The second ventilation unit is configured to enter the main tunnel construction stage after the transverse tunnel construction is completed, and the second ventilation system is constructed on the basis of the first ventilation system; the second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system, and one fan is added at the opening of each of the two transverse tunnels to form a ventilation scheme of four fans, and a pressure ventilation mode is adopted to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction;

[0154] The threat value calculation unit is configured to evenly divide the ventilation mileage according to the positions of the data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensor;

[0155] a ventilation scheme adjustment unit, configured to compare the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjust the ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result;

[0156] The fan adjustment unit is configured to set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system, monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time, and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

[0157] The high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation system provided in this embodiment can implement the steps and processes of the high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method provided in any of the above embodiments, and achieve the same technical effects, which will not be repeated here one by one.

[0158] Embodiment three:

[0159] This embodiment also provides an electronic device, such as Figure 5 As shown, the hardware structure of the electronic device may include: a processor 501 , a communication interface 502 , a computer-readable storage medium (also referred to as a memory 503 ) and a communication bus 504 .

[0160] The processor 501 , the communication interface 502 , and the computer-readable storage medium communicate with each other via the communication bus 504 .

[0161] A computer-readable storage medium may be configured to store one or more programs.

[0162] Optionally, the communication interface 502 may be an interface of a communication module, such as an interface of a GSM module.

[0163] The processor 501 executes one or more programs. The high-altitude long tunnel involved in the program has multiple transverse tunnel construction positions. The construction process at each transverse tunnel construction position is divided into: transverse tunnel construction stage and main tunnel construction stage. When the program is executed, the following steps are implemented:

[0164] S1: Setting a first ventilation system for completing the ventilation task during the horizontal tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are arranged at the openings of the two horizontal tunnels on the right line of the main tunnel and supply air to the horizontal tunnel construction surface through air ducts;

[0165] S2: After the construction of the horizontal tunnel is completed, the main tunnel construction phase begins. A second ventilation system is constructed on the basis of the first ventilation system. The second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system. One fan is added at each of the two horizontal tunnel openings to form a ventilation scheme with four fans. The forced ventilation mode is used to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction.

[0166] S3: Evenly divide the ventilation mileage according to the positions of data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensor;

[0167] S4: comparing the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjusting the ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result;

[0168] S5: Set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

[0169] Figure 6 The hardware structure of the electronic device provided according to some embodiments of the present application; Figure 6 As shown, the hardware structure of the electronic device may include: a processor 601 , a communication interface 602 , a computer-readable storage medium (also called a memory) 603 and a communication bus 604 .

[0170] The processor 601 , the communication interface 602 , and the computer-readable storage medium 603 communicate with each other via a communication bus 604 .

[0171] The computer-readable storage medium 603 can be configured to store one or more programs, wherein the high-altitude long tunnel involved in the program has multiple cross-tunnel construction locations, and the construction process at each cross-tunnel construction location is divided into: a cross-tunnel construction stage and a main tunnel construction stage.

[0172] Optionally, the communication interface 602 may be an interface of a communication module, such as an interface of a GSM module.

[0173] The processor 601 may be specifically configured as follows:

[0174] S1: Setting a first ventilation system for completing the ventilation task during the horizontal tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are arranged at the openings of the two horizontal tunnels on the right line of the main tunnel and supply air to the horizontal tunnel construction surface through air ducts;

[0175] S2: After the construction of the horizontal tunnel is completed, the main tunnel construction phase begins. A second ventilation system is constructed on the basis of the first ventilation system. The second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system. One fan is added at each of the two horizontal tunnel openings to form a ventilation scheme with four fans. The forced ventilation mode is used to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction.

[0176] S3: Evenly divide the ventilation mileage according to the positions of data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensor;

[0177] S4: comparing the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjusting the ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result;

[0178] S5: Set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

[0179] The processor 601 may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc. It may also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. The methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0180] The electronic device of the embodiment of the present application exists in various forms, including but not limited to:

[0181] (1) Mobile communication devices: These devices are characterized by their mobile communication functions and their main purpose is to provide voice and data communications. These terminals include: smart phones (e.g., iPhone), multimedia phones, functional phones, and low-end phones.

[0182] (2) Ultra-mobile personal computer devices: These devices fall into the category of personal computers, have computing and processing capabilities, and generally also have mobile Internet access features. These terminals include: PDA, MID and UMPC devices, such as iPad.

[0183] (3) Portable entertainment devices: These devices can display and play multimedia content. They include audio and video players (such as iPods), handheld game consoles, e-books, smart toys, and portable car navigation devices.

[0184] (4) Server: A device that provides computing services. The server consists of a processor 101, a hard disk, a memory, a system bus, etc. The server is similar to a general computer architecture, but because it needs to provide highly reliable services, it has higher requirements in terms of processing power, stability, reliability, security, scalability, manageability, etc.

[0185] (5) Other electronic devices with data interaction functions.

[0186] It should be pointed out that, according to the needs of implementation, the various components / steps described in the embodiments of the present application can be split into more components / steps, or two or more components / steps or partial operations of components / steps can be combined into new components / steps to achieve the purpose of the embodiments of the present application.

[0187] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method, characterized in that: The high-altitude long tunnel has multiple cross-hole construction locations. The construction process at each cross-hole construction location is divided into: cross-hole construction stage and main-hole construction stage. The ventilation method includes: S1: Setting a first ventilation system for completing the ventilation task during the horizontal tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are arranged at the openings of the two horizontal tunnels on the right line of the main tunnel and supply air to the horizontal tunnel construction surface through air ducts; S2: After the construction of the horizontal tunnel is completed, the main tunnel construction phase begins. A second ventilation system is constructed on the basis of the first ventilation system. The second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system. One fan is added at each of the two horizontal tunnel openings to form a ventilation scheme with four fans. The forced ventilation mode is used to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction. S3: Evenly divide the ventilation mileage according to the positions of data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensor; S4: comparing the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjusting the ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result; S5: Set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

2. The high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, the data collected by the sensor include: harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data and real-time cave area temperature data; Accordingly, the method of evaluating the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area based on the data collected by the sensor includes: Calculate gas accumulation based on harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data and real-time cave area temperature data; Calculate the ventilation efficiency loss value based on the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area; The gas concentration and the ventilation efficiency loss value are weightedly summed to obtain the ventilation threat value.

3. The high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Based on the harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data and real-time cave area temperature data, the gas accumulation degree is calculated, specifically: The harmful gas concentration data of each ventilation tunnel area are corrected using the real-time tunnel area humidity data, real-time tunnel area temperature data and their corresponding influencing factors, and the correction results are normalized and summed to obtain the gas accumulation degree.

4. The high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Based on the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area, the ventilation efficiency loss value is calculated as follows: Extract the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind flow speed of each ventilation tunnel area, and obtain the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and wind flow speed set of the tunnel area; Take any ventilation tunnel area as the current tunnel area, and find the values ​​closest to the ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and tunnel area wind flow speed of the current tunnel area in the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and tunnel area wind flow speed set, and record them as the closest resistance, closest power and closest wind speed; The difference between the square of the ventilation path resistance of the current cave area and the square of the closest resistance is calculated to obtain a first difference; the difference between the square of the ventilation power and the square of the closest power is calculated to obtain a second difference; the difference between the square of the wind flow velocity in the cave area and the square of the closest wind velocity is calculated to obtain a third difference; The first difference, the second difference, and the third difference are divided by the average ventilation path resistance, the average ventilation power, and the average wind speed in the tunnel area, respectively, and then the results of the division are summed to obtain the ventilation efficiency loss value of each ventilation tunnel area.

5. The high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S4, if the comparison result of the ventilation threat value of a certain ventilation tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold is that the ventilation threat value is greater than the preset ventilation threat threshold, the ventilation tunnel area is judged to be a high-risk tunnel area, and the ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system is adjusted as follows: Increase the wind speed of the original fan; A return air passage is set up in the ventilation tunnel area, and an exhaust fan is added to the return air passage; Change the push-in ventilation mode to a combined push-in and pull-out ventilation mode; If the comparison result of the ventilation threat value of a ventilation tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold is that the ventilation threat value is less than or equal to the preset ventilation threat threshold, then the ventilation tunnel area is judged as a low-risk tunnel area, the original number and position of fans are kept unchanged, and the push-in ventilation mode continues to be used.

6. The high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Two air doors are arranged between the return air lane and the horizontal tunnel outlet.

7. The high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transverse holes at each transverse hole construction position include a first transverse hole and a second transverse hole. During the transverse hole construction stage, the air valves arranged on the air ducts are controlled to supply air to the construction surfaces of the first transverse hole and the second transverse hole.

8. A high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation system, characterized in that: In the system, a high-altitude long tunnel has multiple transverse tunnel construction positions. The construction process at each transverse tunnel construction position is divided into: a transverse tunnel construction stage and a main tunnel construction stage. The ventilation system includes: A first ventilation unit is configured to set up a first ventilation system for completing the ventilation task during the horizontal tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are arranged at the openings of the two horizontal tunnels on the left and right lines of the main tunnel, and supply air to the horizontal tunnel construction surface through the first air duct assembly; The second ventilation unit is configured to enter the main tunnel construction stage after the transverse tunnel construction is completed, and the second ventilation system is constructed on the basis of the first ventilation system; the second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system, and one fan is added at the opening of each of the two transverse tunnels to form a ventilation scheme of four fans, and a pressure ventilation mode is adopted to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction; The threat value calculation unit is configured to evenly divide the ventilation mileage according to the positions of the data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensor; a ventilation scheme adjustment unit, configured to compare the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjust the ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result; The fan adjustment unit is configured to set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system, monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time, and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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