Apparatus and method for observing the impact of human activity destruction on habitat based on remote sensing images

Abstract

The application discloses a device and method for observing the influence of human activity destruction on habitats based on remote sensing images, which comprises: at least one unmanned aerial vehicle body, a remote sensing collection mechanism arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle body, and a sampling mechanism arranged at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle body; wherein the sampling mechanism comprises a guide shell, an inclined guide edge arranged at the bottom of the guide shell, a filter screen arranged in the guide shell and symmetrical to the guide edge, and a sampling lifting part arranged in the guide shell and movably penetrating the guide shell at the bottom end, and the discharging end of the sampling lifting part is located above the filter screen. The device can collect and sample the images and soil of the human activity destruction area, divide the monitoring area into multiple human destruction areas, obtain a regional division map according to the soil data of the human destruction area, clearly evaluate the influence of the soil coverage and air concentration of the human destruction area on the regional soil, and facilitate better observation of the monitoring area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological environment monitoring technology, specifically to an apparatus and method for observing the impact of human activities on habitat destruction based on remote sensing images. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous expansion and deepening of human activities, their impact on the natural ecological environment has become increasingly significant. Accurate and timely monitoring and assessment of the impact of human activities on the ecological environment has become an important task for protecting biodiversity, maintaining ecological balance, and promoting sustainable development. Currently, remote sensing imagery data is used to observe the impact of human activities on habitat destruction. This data can reveal the effects of human activities on the land surface, vegetation, and water bodies. Remote sensing imagery data is typically acquired by sampling drones. Some drones can not only acquire remote sensing imagery data of the ecological environment but also sample soil as needed. However, in areas damaged by human activities, such as over-exploitation, improper farming, or areas with severe soil erosion, the soil often appears as bare particles. Subsequent analysis of the soil samples using analytical instruments is not only affected by the particles within the soil samples but may also cause clogging of the instruments, severely impacting the accuracy and reliability of the analytical results. Therefore, we propose a device and method for observing the impact of human activities on habitat destruction based on remote sensing imagery. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus and method for observing the impact of human activities on habitat destruction based on remote sensing images, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A device for observing the impact of human activities on habitat destruction based on remote sensing imagery, the device comprising:

[0006] At least one unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) body, wherein the UAV body is equipped with a remote sensing acquisition mechanism wirelessly connected to a monitoring terminal and used to collect image data and air data of the area to be monitored; and

[0007] A sampling mechanism, located at the bottom of the drone's main body, is used to sample soil; wherein, the sampling mechanism includes:

[0008] The guide shell has an inclined guide edge at its bottom, and a discharge port one at the lower end of the guide edge. A discharge port two is located on one side of the outer wall of the guide shell at the higher end of the guide edge.

[0009] The filter screen is inclinedly disposed inside the guide housing and symmetrical to the guide edge, with the lower end of the filter screen corresponding to the discharge port 2; and,

[0010] The sampling and lifting section is located inside the guide shell and its bottom end can move through the guide shell. The discharge end of the sampling and lifting section is located above the filter screen and is used to sample soil to the filter screen.

[0011] A further improvement is that the remote sensing acquisition mechanism includes:

[0012] Image acquisition equipment, used to acquire image data;

[0013] Air quality monitors are used to collect air quality data; and,

[0014] The control module is electrically connected to the image acquisition equipment, air monitor, and sampling mechanism.

[0015] A further improvement is that the sampling lifting section includes:

[0016] A sleeve with a hollow bottom, a drill bit fitted on the lower end of the outer wall of the sleeve, and a discharge port on one side of the sleeve above the filter screen.

[0017] A spiral feeder is rotatably mounted inside a sleeve, with its bottom end extending below the sleeve. A transmission rod is inserted into the top of the spiral feeder, and the transmission rod movably passes through the sleeve and the guide shell and is connected to an output end of the rotating device; and...

[0018] At least one telescopic device is provided inside the guide housing, and its output end is movably connected to the sleeve for driving the sleeve to move vertically.

[0019] A further improvement is that the outer wall of the sleeve is provided with external threads, and the guide shell is provided with an internal thread through hole for the sleeve to pass through and to engage with the external threads.

[0020] A further improvement is that the upper end of the filter screen abuts against an L-shaped striking element. The top of the striking element is connected to the inner wall of the guide shell via an elastic element. A rotating element is provided on one side of the striking element. The rotating element is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the guide shell. One end of the rotating element extends to the lower part of the outer wall of the transverse section of the striking element. The outer walls of the rotating element and the transverse section of the striking element on opposite sides are provided with matching protrusions. The rotating element is connected to the transmission rod.

[0021] A further improvement is that the device also includes a sorting and storage section, which includes:

[0022] A fixed plate is mounted on the underside of the drone body via a bracket and movably sleeved on the outside of the sleeve. The fixed plate has a discharge port that communicates with the discharge port.

[0023] A movable disc, fitted to the bottom of a fixed disc, has a connecting frame detachably connected to a support sleeve rotatably mounted on its outer wall. Several sets of soil-holding containers are embedded in a circular array on the movable disc, one set of which corresponds directly to the discharge port; and...

[0024] Rotating device two is mounted on the connecting frame, and its output end is connected to the movable disc via a transmission, used to drive the movable disc to rotate by a preset angle.

[0025] A further improvement is that the device also includes a stabilizing mechanism embedded in the support legs of the drone body, the stabilizing mechanism comprising:

[0026] Assembly base;

[0027] A movable plate is adapted to and movably disposed within the assembly base, the top of which is connected to the inner wall of the assembly base via an elastic element.

[0028] Several sets of insertion rods are evenly distributed at the bottom of the movable plate, with their bottom ends located within the movable openings at the bottom of the mounting base, for insertion into the soil; and,

[0029] A connecting air pipe is provided, with one end connected to the top of the assembly base and the other end connected to one end of an air storage cylinder. The air storage cylinder is located on the guide shell and contains a piston rod. One end of the piston rod is movably connected to a sleeve and is used to compress the gas in the air storage cylinder when the sleeve is downward, so that the gas enters the assembly base through the connecting air pipe and drives the movable plate to move downward.

[0030] The method for observing the impact of human activities on habitat destruction based on remote sensing imagery, using the aforementioned apparatus, includes the following steps:

[0031] S1: Launch the drone body, which then travels along a set route within the monitored area to collect image data and air data from the remote sensing acquisition mechanism. The image data and air data are then transmitted to the monitoring terminal. The image data represents land cover, and the air data represents PM concentration.

[0032] S2: The monitoring terminal matches the received image data and air data with the pre-set first discrimination condition to divide the area to be monitored into N human-damaged areas;

[0033] S3: Control the drone to sample soil from N human-damaged areas at a set cycle using a sampling mechanism, obtaining N soil samples from these areas. Then, analyze these N soil samples to obtain soil data for the N human-damaged areas. During sampling, the drone is positioned at the desired sampling location, and the sampling lift unit then collects the soil sample from that location and transfers it to a filter for processing. The soil data includes the soil heavy metal content and soil pH value.

[0034] S4: The monitoring terminal matches the soil data of N human-damaged areas with the pre-set second discrimination conditions to obtain the regional division map, and outputs it to the display module for observation.

[0035] A further improvement is that the specific judgment process for the first judgment condition is as follows:

[0036] S201: Soil coverage classification: If 0 ≤ land coverage ≤ 20%, the area level is I; if 20% < land coverage ≤ 30%, the area level is II; if 30% < land coverage ≤ 50%, the area level is III; if 50% < land coverage ≤ 80%, the area level is IV; if 80% < land coverage ≤ 100%, the area level is V.

[0037] S202: Based on a set PM10 concentration gradient, the areas at each level are divided to obtain N human-caused damage areas, wherein the set PM10 concentration gradient is PM10 ≤ 40 μg / m³. 3 PM10 ≤ 80 μg / m 3 PM10 ≤ 120 μg / m 3 PM10 ≤ 160 μg / m³ 3 PM10 ≤ 200 μg / m³ 3 .

[0038] A further improvement is that the specific judgment process for the second judgment condition is as follows:

[0039] S401: Classify the degree of heavy metal pollution in the soil of each of the N human-damaged areas: if 50 ≤ lead mg / kg ≤ 100, 0.4 ≤ cadmium mg / kg ≤ 0.8, 4 ≤ mercury mg / kg ≤ 1.0, or 20 ≤ arsenic mg / kg ≤ 50, the area level is Level 1; if 100 < lead mg / kg ≤ 200, 0.8 < cadmium mg / kg ≤ 2.0, 1.0 < mercury mg / kg ≤ 3.0, or 50 < arsenic mg / kg ≤ 100, the area level is Level 2; if lead mg / kg > 200, cadmium mg / kg > 2.0, mercury mg / kg > 3.0, or arsenic mg / kg > 100, the area level is Level 3.

[0040] S402: Based on a set soil pH gradient, areas with varying degrees of heavy metal pollution in the soil are divided into M human-caused soil degradation areas. The set soil pH gradient is as follows: if pH ≤ 4.5, the area is extremely acidic soil; if 4.5 < pH ≤ 5.5, the area is strongly acidic soil; if 5.5 < pH ≤ 6.5, the area is acidic to slightly acidic soil; if 6.5 < pH ≤ 7.0, the area is slightly acidic to neutral soil; if 7.0 < pH ≤ 7.5, the area is neutral to slightly alkaline soil; if 7.5 < pH ≤ 8.5, the area is alkaline soil; if pH > 8.5, the area is strongly alkaline soil.

[0041] S403: Mark the same soil heavy metal pollution level and soil pH value in the M human-caused soil damage areas with the same color to form a regional division map.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0043] This invention acquires remote sensing images through a remote sensing acquisition mechanism on the main body of a drone and transmits them to a monitoring terminal to observe and analyze the impact of human activities on habitat destruction. It is also equipped with a sampling mechanism to sample the soil in areas damaged by human activities. During sampling, the soil is lifted by a sampling lift and processed at a filter screen to prevent the soil sample from containing large particles that may affect subsequent analysis or clog the analytical instruments, thus ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results.

[0044] This invention divides the area to be monitored into multiple human-damaged areas and obtains a regional division map based on soil data from these areas. This allows for a clear assessment of the impact of soil cover and air concentration in human-damaged areas on the regional soil, facilitating better observation of the monitored areas and subsequent management and ecological restoration. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the guide shell structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the classification and storage section structure of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a local structure in the image;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the stabilizing mechanism of the present invention.

[0050] In the diagram: 100, UAV main body; 200, remote sensing acquisition mechanism; 201, image acquisition equipment; 202, air monitor; 300, sampling mechanism; 301, guide shell; 302, sleeve; 303, telescopic device; 304, spiral conveyor; 305, drill bit; 306, rotating device one; 307, rotating component; 308, striking component; 309, discharge port one; 310, filter screen; 311, discharge port two; 312, fixed plate; 313, discharge port; 314, movable plate; 315, material container; 316, rotating device two; 400, stabilizing mechanism; 401, mounting base; 402, movable plate; 403, insertion rod; 404, connecting air pipe; 405, air storage tank. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] Please see the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 2

[0054] A device for observing the impact of human activities on habitats based on remote sensing imagery, wherein the aforementioned habitats are ecological environments, the device includes:

[0055] At least one unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) body 100 is equipped with a remote sensing acquisition mechanism 200 that is wirelessly connected to a monitoring terminal and used to collect image data and air data of the area to be monitored. Analysis of the collected image data and air data can determine which areas have been damaged by human activities and the impact of these activities on the environment and air quality; and...

[0056] The sampling device 300, located at the bottom of the UAV body 100, is used to sample soil. Sampling soil plays a crucial role in observing the impact of human activities on habitat destruction. By sampling soil and analyzing the information contained therein, we can understand the health status of the soil, assess the impact of human activities on the soil, and formulate corresponding remediation and restoration measures.

[0057] Among them, sampling agency 300 includes:

[0058] The guide shell 301 has an inclined guide edge at its bottom, and a discharge port 309 at the lower end of the guide edge. A discharge port 311 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the guide shell 301 at the higher end of the guide edge.

[0059] The filter screen 310 is inclinedly disposed within the guide housing 301 and symmetrical to the guide edge, with the lower end of the filter screen 310 corresponding to the discharge port 311. Thus, after the sampled soil falls onto the filter screen 310, large particles in the soil can be discharged from the discharge port 311 under the action of the filter screen 310, while the soil passing through the filter screen 310 can be discharged from the discharge port 309 under the action of the guide edge; and...

[0060] The sampling and lifting section is located inside the guide shell 301 and its bottom end can move through the guide shell 301. The discharge end of the sampling and lifting section is located above the filter screen 310 and is used to sample soil to the filter screen 310.

[0061] Preferably, the remote sensing acquisition mechanism 200 in this embodiment includes:

[0062] Image acquisition device 201 is used to acquire image data, such as a camera.

[0063] Air monitor 202, used to collect air data, air monitor 202 is, for example, a gas detector; and,

[0064] The control module is electrically connected to the image acquisition device 201, the air monitor 202 and the sampling mechanism 300, and is used to control the electrical components in the UAV body 100.

[0065] It also includes a data communication module, which can use wireless communication technology (such as Wi-Fi, 4G / 5G, satellite communication, etc.) to send the data collected by the image acquisition device 201 and the air monitor 202 to the monitoring terminal. The monitoring terminal analyzes and processes the collected data, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0066] Preferably, the sampling lifting unit in this embodiment includes:

[0067] The sleeve 302 is hollow at the bottom. A drill bit 305 is fitted on the lower end of the outer wall of the sleeve 302 so as to enter the soil. A discharge port is provided on one side of the sleeve 302 and above the filter screen 310 for discharging the sampled soil.

[0068] A spiral conveyor 304 is rotatably disposed within a sleeve 302, with its bottom end extending below the sleeve 302. The spiral conveyor 304 includes a rod body and spiral blades disposed on the outer wall of the rod body. A transmission rod is inserted into the top of the spiral conveyor 304, and the transmission rod is slidably connected to the spiral conveyor 304. The transmission rod movably passes through the sleeve 302 and the guide shell 301 and is connected to the output end of a rotating device 306. The rotating device 306 includes a motor and a reducer; and...

[0069] At least one telescopic device 303 is disposed inside the guide shell 301, and its output end is movably connected to the sleeve 302 for driving the sleeve 302 to move vertically. Specifically, the telescopic device 303 includes an electric telescopic rod, the output end of which can be connected to the frame. The frame is fitted with a bearing on the outer wall of the sleeve 302. The depth of the sleeve 302 entering the soil can be controlled by the telescopic device 303.

[0070] Preferably, in this embodiment, the outer wall of the sleeve 302 is provided with external threads, and the guide shell 301 is provided with an internal thread through hole for the sleeve 302 to pass through and to engage with the external threads. With this arrangement, the sleeve 302 can rotate under the action of the external threads and the internal thread through hole when it moves downward, so as to better enter the soil.

[0071] Preferably, in this embodiment, the upper end of the filter screen 310 abuts against an L-shaped striking member 308. The top of the striking member 308 is connected to the inner wall of the guide shell 301 via an elastic member, such as an elastic telescopic rod. A rotating member 307 is provided on one side of the striking member 308, and the rotating member 307 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the guide shell 301. The rotating member 307 is an annular member, which can be rotatably connected to the inner wall of the guide shell 301 using a rotating shaft and bearing. One end of the rotating member 307 extends to the lower part of the outer wall of the transverse section of the striking member 308. The outer walls of opposite sides of the transverse sections of the rotating member 307 and the striking member 308 are provided with matching protrusions. The rotating member 307 is connected to a transmission rod for transmission, for example, by rotating... The rotating component 307 and the transmission rod are connected by a sprocket transmission assembly (including sprockets and chains). When the rotating device 306 drives the transmission rod and the screw conveyor 304 to rotate for soil sampling, it simultaneously drives the rotating component 307. The protrusions on the rotating component 307 intermittently contact the protrusions on the transverse section of the striking component 308, causing the striking component 308 to intermittently move upward. When the two protrusions are misaligned, the striking component 308 resets under the action of the elastic element and strikes the filter screen 310. This causes the filter screen 310 to vibrate, so that the soil on the filter screen 310 can be quickly processed by the filter screen 310, while preventing the sampled soil from clumping, which is beneficial for subsequent storage and research analysis.

[0072] Please see the appendix Figure 3 -Appendix Figure 4

[0073] Preferably, the device in this embodiment also includes a classification and storage section, which facilitates the collection of soil from different locations and allows for its classification and storage.

[0074] The classified storage department includes:

[0075] The fixed plate 312 is mounted below the main body 100 of the drone via a bracket and is movably sleeved on the outside of the sleeve 302. The fixed plate 312 has a discharge port 313 that communicates with the discharge port 309 and is used to collect the soil discharged from the discharge port 309.

[0076] A movable tray 314 is fitted to the bottom of a fixed tray 312. The outer wall of the movable tray 314 is rotatably fitted with a connecting frame that is detachably connected to a support via bearings. Several sets of soil-holding containers 315 are embedded in a circular array on the movable tray 314. The tops of the soil-holding containers 315 are hollow. One set of soil-holding containers 315 corresponds directly to the discharge port 313. The connecting frame and the support can be connected, for example, by bolts, to facilitate the removal of the soil-holding containers 315.

[0077] Rotating device 2 316 is mounted on the connecting frame. Its output end is connected to the movable disk 314 for driving the movable disk 314 to rotate a preset angle. Rotating device 2 316 is, for example, a motor and a reducer. The output end of rotating device 2 316 and the movable disk 314 can be connected by a gear set (two sets of meshing gears) for transmission, so that after each rotation of the movable disk 314 by a preset angle, a material container 315 is directly aligned with the discharge port 313.

[0078] Please see the appendix Figure 5

[0079] As a preferred embodiment, the device further includes a stabilizing mechanism 400 embedded in the support foot of the drone body 100. The support foot is a conventional structure on the drone body 100 and is used to support the drone body 100 in contact with the ground. It will not be described in detail here.

[0080] The stable organization 400 includes:

[0081] Mounting base 401;

[0082] The movable plate 402 is adapted to and movably disposed within the mounting base 401. The top of the movable plate 402 is connected to the inner wall of the mounting base 401 by an elastic element, such as a spring.

[0083] Several sets of insertion rods 403 are evenly distributed at the bottom of the movable plate 402, with their bottom ends located within the movable openings at the bottom of the mounting base 401, for insertion into the soil; and,

[0084] A connecting pipe 404 is connected at one end to the top of the mounting base 401 and at the other end to one end of an air storage cylinder 405. The air storage cylinder 405 is mounted on the guide shell 301. The top of the air storage cylinder 405 is hollow, and its bottom end is connected to the connecting pipe 404. The air storage cylinder 405 stores gas at a certain pressure. A piston rod is provided inside the air storage cylinder 405. One end of the piston rod is movably connected to the sleeve 302, which is used to compress the gas inside the air storage cylinder 405 when the sleeve 302 is downward, so that the gas enters through the connecting pipe 404. The mounting base 401 drives the movable plate 402 to move downward. The piston rod includes a piston that is movably disposed in the air storage cylinder 405 and adapted to the inner cavity of the air storage cylinder 405, and a piston rod that is connected to the piston at one end and movably passes through the bottom end of the air storage cylinder 405 at the other end. The piston rod is movably connected to the sleeve 302. In this way, when the sleeve 302 rotates into the soil, the insertion rod 403 extends from the support foot of the UAV body 100 and enters the soil, ensuring the stability of the UAV body 100 when sampling the soil.

[0085] The method for observing the impact of human activities on habitat destruction based on remote sensing imagery, using the aforementioned apparatus, includes the following steps:

[0086] S1: Launch the main body of the drone 100. The main body of the drone 100 collects image data and air data of the area to be monitored along a set route through the remote sensing acquisition mechanism 200, and sends the image data and air data to the monitoring terminal. Among them, the image data is the land coverage rate and the air data is the PM10 concentration.

[0087] S2: The monitoring terminal matches the received image data and air data with a pre-set first discrimination condition, dividing the area to be monitored into N human-damaged areas; the first discrimination condition is as follows:

[0088] S201: Soil coverage classification: If 0 ≤ land coverage ≤ 20%, the area level is I; if 20% < land coverage ≤ 30%, the area level is II; if 30% < land coverage ≤ 50%, the area level is III; if 50% < land coverage ≤ 80%, the area level is IV; if 80% < land coverage ≤ 100%, the area level is V.

[0089] S202: Based on the set PM10 concentration gradient, the areas at each level are divided into N human-damaged areas, with the PM10 concentration gradient set to PM10 ≤ 40 μg / m³. 3 PM10 ≤ 80 μg / m 3 PM10 ≤ 120 μg / m 3 PM10 ≤ 160 μg / m³ 3 PM10 ≤ 200 μg / m³ 3 .

[0090] S3: Control the main body of the drone 100 to sample the soil of N human-damaged areas through the sampling mechanism 300 at a set cycle, obtain N soil samples of human-damaged areas, and then test and analyze the obtained N soil samples of human-damaged areas to obtain N soil data of human-damaged areas; wherein, during sampling, the main body of the drone 100 is controlled to move to the required sampling position, and then the soil at the required sampling position can be sampled to the filter screen 310 for processing through the sampling lifting unit; wherein, the soil data includes the soil heavy metal content and soil pH value.

[0091] S4: The monitoring terminal matches soil data from N human-damaged areas with pre-set second discrimination conditions to obtain a regional delineation map, which is then output to the display module for observation; the specific discrimination process of the second discrimination condition is as follows:

[0092] S401: Classify the degree of heavy metal pollution in the soil of each of the N human-damaged areas: if 50 ≤ lead mg / kg ≤ 100, 0.4 ≤ cadmium mg / kg ≤ 0.8, 4 ≤ mercury mg / kg ≤ 1.0, or 20 ≤ arsenic mg / kg ≤ 50, the area level is Level 1; if 100 < lead mg / kg ≤ 200, 0.8 < cadmium mg / kg ≤ 2.0, 1.0 < mercury mg / kg ≤ 3.0, or 50 < arsenic mg / kg ≤ 100, the area level is Level 2; if lead mg / kg > 200, cadmium mg / kg > 2.0, mercury mg / kg > 3.0, or arsenic mg / kg > 100, the area level is Level 3.

[0093] S402: Based on the established soil pH gradient, areas with varying degrees of heavy metal pollution in the soil are divided into M human-caused soil degradation areas. The established soil pH gradient is as follows: if pH ≤ 4.5, the area is extremely acidic soil; if 4.5 < pH ≤ 5.5, the area is strongly acidic soil; if 5.5 < pH ≤ 6.5, the area is acidic to slightly acidic soil; if 6.5 < pH ≤ 7.0, the area is slightly acidic to neutral soil; if 7.0 < pH ≤ 7.5, the area is neutral to slightly alkaline soil; if 7.5 < pH ≤ 8.5, the area is alkaline soil; if pH > 8.5, the area is strongly alkaline soil.

[0094] S403: Mark the same soil heavy metal pollution level and soil pH value in M ​​human-caused soil damage areas with the same color to form a regional division map.

[0095] The above methods can clearly assess the impact of soil cover and air concentration in areas damaged by human activities on the regional soil, making it easier to better monitor the area and facilitate subsequent management and ecological restoration.

[0096] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for observing the impact of human activity destruction on habitats based on remote sensing images, characterized in that, The device comprises: at least one unmanned aerial vehicle body (100), which is provided with a remote sensing collection mechanism (200) wirelessly connected with a monitoring terminal and used for collecting image data and air data of a region to be monitored; and a sampling mechanism (300) arranged at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle body (100) and used for sampling soil; wherein the sampling mechanism (300) comprises: a guide shell (301) provided with an inclined guide edge at the bottom, wherein a lower end of the guide edge is provided with a discharge port one (309), and an outer wall of one side of the guide shell (301) at a higher end of the guide edge is provided with a discharge port two (311); a filter screen (310) arranged in the guide shell (301) and symmetrical to the guide edge, and a lower end of the filter screen (310) corresponds to the discharge port two (311); and a sampling lifting part arranged in the guide shell (301) and movably penetrating the guide shell (301) at the bottom end, wherein a discharge end of the sampling lifting part is located above the filter screen (310) and used for sampling soil to the filter screen (310); the sampling lifting part comprises: a sleeve (302); a spiral material conveying part (304) rotatably arranged in the sleeve (302); and at least one telescopic device (303) arranged in the guide shell (301) and movably connected with the sleeve (302) at the output end, used for driving the sleeve (302) to move vertically; further comprising a stabilizing mechanism (400) embedded on a supporting leg of the unmanned aerial vehicle body (100), which comprises:

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a mounting seat (401); a movable plate (402) movably arranged in the mounting seat (401) and matched with the mounting seat (401), and connected with the inner wall of the mounting seat (401) through an elastic member; a plurality of groups of insertion rods (403) uniformly arranged at the bottom of the movable plate (402) and movably arranged in the movable plate (402), and used for being inserted into soil; and a connecting air pipe (404) in communication with one end of the mounting seat (401) and the other end of a gas cylinder (405), wherein the gas cylinder (405) is arranged on the guide shell (301), a piston rod is arranged in the gas cylinder (405), one end of the piston rod is movably connected with the sleeve (302), and the piston rod is used for compressing gas in the gas cylinder (405) when the sleeve (302) moves downward, so that the gas enters the mounting seat (401) through the connecting air pipe (404) to drive the movable plate (402) to move downward, and the insertion rods (403) of the supporting leg of the unmanned aerial vehicle body (100) are inserted into soil when the sleeve (302) rotates into soil, thereby ensuring the stability of the unmanned aerial vehicle body (100) when sampling soil. The remote sensing collection mechanism (200) comprises: an image collection device (201) used for collecting image data; an air monitor (202) used for collecting air data; and a control module electrically connected with the image collection device (201), the air monitor (202) and the sampling mechanism (300).

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The bottom end of the sleeve (302) is hollow, the bottom end of the spiral material conveying part (304) extends below the sleeve (302), a drill bit (305) is sleeved on the lower end of the outer wall of the sleeve (302), a discharge port is arranged on one side of the sleeve (302) and above the filter screen (310), a transmission rod is inserted into the top end of the spiral material conveying part (304), the transmission rod movably penetrates the sleeve (302) and the guide shell (301) and is connected with the output end of the rotating device one (306).

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The outer wall of the sleeve (302) is provided with external threads, and the guide shell (301) is provided with an internal thread through hole for the sleeve (302) to pass through and cooperate with the external threads.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The upper end of the filter screen (310) abuts against an L-shaped knocking part (308), the top of the knocking part (308) is connected with the inner wall of the guide shell (301) through an elastic part, a rotating part (307) is arranged on one side of the knocking part (308), the rotating part (307) is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the guide shell (301), one end of the rotating part (307) extends below the outer wall of the transverse section of the knocking part (308), the outer walls of the opposite sides of the transverse section of the rotating part (307) and the knocking part (308) are provided with matched protrusions, and the rotating part (307) is in transmission connection with the transmission rod.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The device further comprises a classified storage part, which comprises: a fixed disc (312) arranged below the unmanned aerial vehicle main body (100) and movably sleeved outside the sleeve (302), the fixed disc (312) is provided with a discharge port (313) in communication with the discharge port one (309); a movable disc (314) arranged on the bottom of the fixed disc (312), a plurality of groups of material placing containers (315) for placing soil are embedded on the movable disc (314) in an annular array, and one group of the material placing containers (315) is opposite to the discharge port (313); and a rotating device two (316) in transmission connection with the movable disc (314) at the output end, used for driving the movable disc (314) to rotate by a preset angle.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein: The fixed disc (312) is arranged below the unmanned aerial vehicle main body (100) through a support, the outer wall of the movable disc (314) is rotationally sleeved with a connecting frame in detachable connection with the support, and the rotating device two (316) is arranged on the connecting frame.

8. A method for observing the impact of human activity destruction on habitats based on remote sensing images, using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: The unmanned aerial vehicle main body (100) is released, the unmanned aerial vehicle main body (100) collects image data and air data of the to-be-monitored area along a set route in the to-be-monitored area through remote sensing collection mechanism (200), and sends the image data and the air data to a monitoring terminal; wherein the image data is land coverage, and the air data is PM10 concentration; S2: The monitoring terminal matches the received image data and air data with a first discrimination condition set in advance, and divides the to-be-monitored area into N human destruction areas. S3: control the unmanned aerial vehicle body (100) to sample the soil of N human destruction areas by the sampling mechanism (300) at a set period, obtain N human destruction area soil samples, and then obtain N human destruction area soil data by detecting and analyzing the obtained N human destruction area soil samples; wherein, when sampling, the unmanned aerial vehicle body (100) is controlled to the required sampling position, and then the soil at the required sampling position is sampled to the filter screen (310) for processing by the sampling lifting part; wherein, the soil data includes soil heavy metal content and soil pH value; S4: the monitoring terminal matches the N human destruction area soil data with the second preset discrimination condition to obtain a region division map and output to the display module for observation.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein: The specific discrimination process of the first discrimination condition is: S201: soil coverage rate division: if 0≤land coverage rate≤20%, the region level is I level, if 20%<land coverage rate≤30%, the region level is II level, if 30%<land coverage rate≤50%, the region level is III level, if 50%<land coverage rate≤80%, the region level is IV level, and if 80%<land coverage rate≤100%, the region level is V level; S202: each level region is divided according to a set PM10 concentration gradient to obtain N human destruction regions, and the set PM10 concentration gradient is PM10≤40μg / m³, PM10≤80μg / m³, PM10≤120μg / m³, PM10≤160μg / m³, and PM10≤200μg / m³.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein: The specific discrimination process of the second discrimination condition is: S401: soil heavy metal pollution degree division is performed on each of the N human destruction regions: if 50≤lead mg / kg≤100, 0.4≤cadmium mg / kg≤0.8, 4≤mercury mg / kg≤1.0, or 20≤arsenic mg / kg≤50, the region level is 1 level; if 100<lead mg / kg≤200, 0.8<cadmium mg / kg≤2.0, 1.0<mercury mg / kg≤3.0, or 50<arsenic mg / kg≤100, the region level is 2 level; if lead mg / kg>200, cadmium mg / kg>2.0, mercury mg / kg>3.0, or arsenic mg / kg>100, the region level is 3 level; S402: each region of the soil heavy metal pollution degree level is divided according to a set soil pH value gradient to obtain M human soil destruction regions, and the set soil pH value gradient is: if PH value≤4.5, the region is extremely strong acid soil; if 4.5<PH value≤5.5, the region is strong acid soil; if 5.5<PH value≤6.5, the region is acid to slightly acid soil; if 6.5<PH value≤7.0, the region is slightly acid to neutral soil; if 7.0<PH value≤7.5, the region is neutral to slightly alkaline soil; if 7.5<PH value≤8.5, the region is alkaline soil; and if PH value>8.5, the region is strong alkaline soil; S403: The same soil heavy metal pollution degree and soil pH value in the M human soil destruction area are marked with the same color to form a regional division map.

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