Data transmission management for dual connectivity 5G supported wireless devices

Abstract

The present application describes a method and apparatus for managing data transmission across multiple radio links for a 5G-enabled wireless device. In certain criteria, including performance of at least one radio link, mobility status of a 5G-enabled wireless device, which transmits a buffer status report (BSR) request for one or more of the two radio links, and data transmission requirements for a delay-sensitive application session, a measurement report threshold is satisfied to prioritize and transition uplink (UL) data between radio links before a measurement report threshold is satisfied. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device actively transmits a BSR request for a radio resource prior to generating the UL data by the latency-sensitive application session. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device replicates UL data for the delay-sensitive application session across multiple radio links.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The described embodiments relate to wireless communications, including methods and apparatus for managing data transmission across multiple radio frequency links for 5G-enabled wireless devices. Background Art

[0002] Newer generations (e.g., fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR)) cellular wireless networks implementing one or more third generation partnership project (3GPP) 5G standards are rapidly developing and being deployed by network operators around the world. Newer cellular wireless networks provide a range of packet-based services, with 5G technology providing increased data throughput and lower latency connections that guarantee enhanced mobile broadband services for 5G-enabled wireless devices. It is expected that the higher data throughput and lower latency of 5G will introduce a range of new applications and services and improve existing applications and services. Mobile network operators (MNOs) are deploying 5G technology in phases and will continue to provide earlier generations, such as fourth generation (4G) long term evolution (LTE), connected in parallel with 5G. In addition, 5G cellular connections can use two different radio frequency (RF) bands, a first RF band below 8 GHz providing lower data rates over longer ranges, and a second RF band above 24 GHz providing higher data rates over shorter ranges. Dual connectivity allows 5G-enabled wireless devices to be connected simultaneously via both 5G technology and 4G technology or via two different 5G RF bands. The cellular wireless network determines how to allocate radio frequency resources for data transmission to 5G-enabled wireless devices across multiple radio links. The signal quality and throughput performance of the data connection varies as the 5G-enabled wireless device moves throughout the cellular wireless coverage area. Certain latency-sensitive applications may require consistent data throughput (including under varying signal conditions) in order to provide good performance to the user. There is a need for a mechanism to manage data transmission for dual-connected 5G-enabled wireless devices. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present application relates to wireless communications, including methods and apparatus for managing data transmission across multiple radio frequency links for wireless devices supporting 5G. In a 5G non-standalone (NSA) cellular wireless network, a wireless device supporting 5G can simultaneously use two different radio access technologies to establish a radio link, for example, a 5G radio link and a 4G LTE radio link. A wireless device supporting 5G can alternatively connect to a 5G NSA cellular wireless network using one or two 5G radio links, which can be carried in a lower radio frequency band (FR1) typically below 8 GHz and / or in a higher radio frequency band (FR2) typically above 24 GHz. When a wireless device supporting 5G is connected simultaneously via two radio links, the 5G NSA cellular wireless network schedules data transmission via a primary cell group (MCG) and via a secondary cell group (SCG). When certain criteria are met, such as when the performance via the SCG is insufficient for an ongoing delay-sensitive application session, the wireless device supporting 5G can request radio resources via the MCG to transmit higher priority (more critical) data for the delay-sensitive application session. Exemplary criteria include: i) measured (or estimated) performance via the SCG falls below a first performance threshold, e.g., a measured reference signal received power (RSRP) level <-100 dBM, while the SCG performance exceeds a measurement reporting threshold (e.g., an A2 threshold) set by the 5G NSA cellular wireless network, and ii) a mobility state of the 5G-enabled wireless device indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device is in a stationary state, e.g., a translational velocity of movement detected by a motion co-processor indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device is below a first velocity threshold. The 5G-enabled wireless device transmits a buffer status report (BSR) request message to the 5G NSA cellular wireless network via the MCG to indicate pending uplink (UL) data for transmission, and uses a grant received via the MCG from the 5G NSA cellular wireless network to prioritize transmission of higher priority data for latency-sensitive application sessions. Exemplary higher priority (more critical) data includes information frames (I frames) generated by a video streaming application session or a video calling application session. Lower priority (less critical) data may be transmitted after accommodating the higher priority data. Exemplary lower priority data includes parity frames (P frames) generated by a video streaming application session or a video calling application session. In some embodiments, higher priority data (e.g., I frames) for a delay-sensitive application session are generated according to a periodic pattern, and the 5G-enabled wireless device proactively triggers a BSR request message on the MCG before the higher priority data is generated by the delay-sensitive application session. The 5G-enabled wireless device anticipates data transmission requirements for ongoing delay-sensitive application sessions and acquires radio link resources in advance to accommodate the higher priority data when later provided by the delay-sensitive application session for UL data transmission.

[0004] When additional criteria are met, the 5G-enabled wireless device may shift all data for latency-sensitive application sessions from the SCG to the MCG to focus data transmission on the higher performance (MCG-based) radio link. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device replicates UL data for latency-sensitive application sessions across both the MCG and SCG radio links to increase UL transmission redundancy and thereby improve the 5G NSA cellular wireless network's reception of UL data for latency-sensitive application sessions, which may be experiencing variable radio link conditions. Exemplary additional criteria include: i) performance via the SCG drops below a second performance threshold (e.g., measured RSRP <-105dBM) while still exceeding a measurement reporting threshold set by the 5G NSA cellular wireless network (e.g., A2 threshold), and ii) the mobility state of the 5G-enabled wireless device indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device is in a non-stationary state, for example, a translational velocity of movement detected by a motion co-processor indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device is above a second velocity threshold, which is higher than the first velocity threshold. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device transmits an additional BSR request message for the MCG using a selected value (independent of the amount of pending UL data) included in the buffer size field of the BSR request message, the selected value being selected to cause the cellular wireless network to grant a higher level of radio link resources via the MCG to accommodate ongoing UL data for latency-sensitive application sessions. In some embodiments, the selected value in the buffer size field is a value large enough to cause all UL data to be shifted to the MCG. In some embodiments, the selected value in the buffer size field is a maximum value allowed to be used in the buffer size field.

[0005] In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device transmits additional BSR request messages for both the MCG and the SCG with a selected value included in the buffer size field (independent of the amount of pending UL data) to cause the cellular wireless network to grant a higher level of radio link resources via both the MCG and the SCG to accommodate redundant transmission of data for delay-sensitive application sessions across both the MCG and the SGC. In some embodiments, the selected value included in the buffer size field is the maximum value allowed to be used in the buffer size field. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device uses the earliest received radio resource grant (whether on the MCG or on the SCG) to transmit UL data for delay-sensitive application sessions via the MCG or the SCG. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device continues to transmit additional BSR request messages with the selected value in the buffer size field for both the MCG or the SCG, while continuing to meet additional criteria, for example, the performance of the SCG remains below a second performance threshold and the mobility state of the 5G-enabled wireless device indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device is in a non-stationary state. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device transmits additional BSR request messages with a selected value in the buffer size field for the MCG until the BSR requirements for the MCG are met and the latency requirements for the latency-sensitive application session are met. When the BSR requirements for the MCG are not met or the latency requirements for the latency-sensitive application session are not met, the 5G-enabled wireless device continues to transmit additional BSR request messages with a selected value in the buffer size field for the MCG. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device transmits additional BSR request messages with a selected value in the buffer size field for both the MCG and the SCG until the BSR requirements for the MCG or the SCG are met and the latency requirements for the latency-sensitive application session are met. When the BSR requirements for the MCG or the SCG are not met or the latency requirements for the latency-sensitive application session are not met, the 5G-enabled wireless device continues to transmit additional BSR request messages with a selected value in the buffer size field for the MCG and the SCG. In some embodiments, the 5G capable wireless device stops transmitting additional BSR request messages with the selected value in the buffer size field for MCG or SCG when data transmission for the latency sensitive application session is no longer required (e.g., the session for the latency sensitive application is not active or ends). In some embodiments, the 5G capable wireless device stops transmitting additional BSR request messages with the selected value in the buffer size field for MCG or SCG when the mobility state of the 5G capable wireless device indicates that the 5G capable wireless device is in a stationary state.

[0006] Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate by way of example the principles of the described embodiments.

[0007] The present disclosure is provided for the purpose of summarizing some example embodiments only, in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the subject matter described herein. Therefore, it should be understood that the above-mentioned features are only examples and should not be construed as narrowing the scope or essence of the subject matter described herein in any way. Other features, aspects and advantages of the subject matter described herein will become apparent through the following detailed description, drawings and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The present disclosure will be more readily understood through the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate like structural elements.

[0009] Figure 1 A block diagram illustrating different components of an exemplary system configured to implement cellular service provisioning to a wireless device in accordance with some embodiments.

[0010] Figure 2 Illustrated according to some embodiments Figure 1 A block diagram of a more detailed view of exemplary components of a system.

[0011] Figure 3A and Figure 3B Block diagrams of 5G non-standalone (NSA) network architecture and standalone (SA) network architecture according to some embodiments are illustrated.

[0012] Figure 4 An example of dual-link radio data transmission by a wireless device having latency performance issues is illustrated in accordance with some embodiments.

[0013] Figure 5A A flow chart illustrating an exemplary first phase of managing dual-link data transmission for a delay-sensitive application session for a wireless device in a stationary mobility state in accordance with some embodiments.

[0014] Figure 5B A flow chart of an exemplary second phase for managing dual-link data transmission for a delay-sensitive application session for a wireless device in a non-stationary mobility state in accordance with some embodiments is illustrated.

[0015] Figure 5C A flow chart illustrating another exemplary second phase for managing dual-link data transmission for a delay-sensitive application session for a wireless device in a non-stationary mobility state in accordance with some embodiments.

[0016] Fig. 6AAn exemplary method for managing dual-link data transmission for a delay-sensitive application session for a wireless device in a stationary mobility state in accordance with some embodiments is illustrated.

[0017] Figure 6B An exemplary method for managing dual-link data transmission for a delay-sensitive application session for a wireless device in a non-stationary mobility state in accordance with some embodiments is illustrated.

[0018] Figure 6C Another exemplary method for managing dual-link data transmission for a delay-sensitive application session for a wireless device in a non-stationary mobility state in accordance with some embodiments is illustrated.

[0019] Figure 7 A block diagram illustrating exemplary elements of a mobile wireless device according to some embodiments is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Representative applications of the methods and apparatus according to the present application are described in this section. These examples are provided only to add context and aid in understanding the described embodiments. Therefore, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other cases, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the embodiments, well-known processing steps are not described in detail. Other applications are possible, so that the following examples should not be considered restrictive.

[0021] The present application relates to wireless communications, including methods and apparatus for managing data transmission across multiple radio frequency links for wireless devices supporting 5G. In a 5G non-standalone (NSA) cellular wireless network, a wireless device supporting 5G can use two different radio access technologies to establish a radio link simultaneously, for example, a 5G radio link and a 4G LTE radio link. A wireless device supporting 5G can alternatively connect to a 5G NSA cellular wireless network using one or two 5G radio links, which can be carried in a lower radio frequency band (FR1) typically below 8 GHz and / or in a higher radio frequency band (FR2) typically above 24 GHz. When a wireless device supporting 5G is connected simultaneously via two radio links, the 5G NSA cellular wireless network schedules data transmission via one or two radio links. In some cases, for example, when the first radio link has sufficient performance to meet the quality of service (QoS) requested by the active application, the 5G NSA cellular wireless network schedules uplink (UL) data transmission for the active application of the wireless device supporting 5G via the first radio link (where little or no radio link resources are allocated for data via the second radio link). In some cases, such as i) when the first radio link provides a 5G radio link and the second radio link provides a 4G LTE radio link, or ii) when the first radio link uses FR2 and the second radio link uses FR1, the first radio link provides a higher maximum data throughput capability than the second radio link. When the radio link performance varies throughout the wireless cell coverage area, when the first radio link performance degrades, the 5G NSA cellular wireless network may reallocate radio link resources for UL data transmission from the first radio link to the second radio link by the 5G-enabled wireless device. The current scheduling mechanism of the cellular wireless network results in a gradual transition of UL data transmission between radio links. When the transition to the second radio link is too slow, UL data may be accumulated for transmission at the 5G-enabled wireless device because the performance via the first radio link may degrade faster than the data transmission transition from the first radio link to the second radio link that the 5G NSA cellular wireless network can accommodate. Delayed UL data transmission may cause latency spikes for delay-sensitive applications, which may affect the performance of ongoing delay-sensitive application sessions. In some cases, such as when transitioning from a 5G radio link to a 4G LTE radio link, the 5G NSA cellular wireless network may schedule a higher level (or maximum amount) of radio resources for UL data transmission via the 4G LTE radio link only after the 5G radio link performance drops below a critical threshold, or in some cases, when the 5G radio link is disconnected.During the transition of UL data transmission from a 5G radio link to a 4G LTE radio link in a 5G NSA cellular wireless network, data throughput may be insufficient for delay-sensitive application sessions and delay spikes may occur. Similar performance issues for delay-sensitive application sessions may occur when transitioning from a higher frequency 5G radio band (e.g., FR2) to a lower frequency 5G radio band (e.g., FR1). In order to compensate for performance issues, a 5G-enabled wireless device requests additional radio link resources to anticipate transitions between radio links and / or accommodate variable radio frequency conditions that may affect UL data transmission. For delay-sensitive application sessions, a 5G-enabled wireless device may prioritize UL data transmission for higher priority (more critical) data over UL data transmission for lower priority (less critical) data via the requested radio link resources. A 5G-enabled wireless device may transmit a buffer status report (BSR) request message that includes a value in a buffer size field that exceeds the amount of currently pending data to accommodate expected future data that may be accumulated during the transition between radio links.

[0022] When certain criteria are met, a 5G-enabled wireless device may request bandwidth via a master cell group (MCG) to transmit higher priority (more critical) data for a latency-sensitive application session. In some cases, the MCG also provides higher performance data throughput than a secondary cell group (SCG) in use. Example criteria include: i) performance via the SCG drops below a first performance threshold (e.g., a measured reference signal received power (RSRP) level <-100dBm) while still exceeding a measurement reporting threshold set by the cellular wireless network (e.g., an A2 threshold), and ii) the mobility state of the 5G-enabled wireless device indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device is in a stationary state, for example, the translational speed of movement detected by the motion co-processor indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device is below the first speed threshold. The 5G-enabled wireless device transmits a buffer status report (BSR) request message to the cellular wireless network via the MCG to indicate pending uplink (UL) data for transmission, and uses the grant received via the MCG from the cellular wireless network to prioritize the transmission of higher priority data for latency-sensitive application sessions. Exemplary higher priority data includes information frames (I frames) of a video streaming application session or a video calling application session. Lower priority (less critical) data may be transmitted after accommodating the higher priority data. Exemplary lower priority data includes parity frames (P frames) of a video streaming application session or a video calling application session. In some embodiments, higher priority data (e.g., I frames) of a delay-sensitive application session are generated according to a periodic pattern, and a 5G-enabled wireless device actively triggers a BSR request message on the MCG before the delay-sensitive application session generates the higher priority data to accommodate the higher priority data when it is later provided by the delay-sensitive application session for UL data transmission. The 5G-enabled wireless device may monitor application-level performance metrics (e.g., latency metrics or round-trip time (RTT) metrics) of delay-sensitive application sessions and trigger additional proactive actions to improve UL data performance of delay-sensitive application sessions.

[0023] When additional criteria are met, the 5G-enabled wireless device may shift all data for latency-sensitive application sessions from the SCG to the MCG to focus usage on higher performance radio links. In some cases, when additional criteria are met, the 5G-enabled wireless device requests radio link resources via both the MCG and the SCG to allow UL data for latency-sensitive application sessions to be replicated across both the MCG and the SCG. Data replication may increase transmission redundancy to improve the cellular wireless network's reception of data for latency-sensitive application sessions under variable RF conditions. Exemplary additional criteria include: i) performance via the SCG drops below a second performance threshold (e.g., a measured reference signal received power (RSRP) level <-105dBm) while still exceeding a measurement reporting threshold set by the cellular wireless network (e.g., an A2 threshold), and ii) a mobility state of the 5G-enabled wireless device indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device is in a non-stationary state, for example, a translational speed of movement detected by a motion co-processor indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device is above a second speed threshold, which is higher than the first speed threshold.

[0024] When additional criteria are met, the 5G-enabled wireless device may begin transmitting additional BSR request messages with a selected value in the buffer size field on the MCG. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device calculates the BSR value required for each logical channel identifier (LCID) to be transmitted based on the UL data rate requirement for the latency-sensitive application session. The 5G-enabled wireless device may transmit additional BSR request messages for the MCG with a selected value included in the buffer size field (independent of the amount of pending UL data and based on the underlying uplink data rate requirement for the latency-sensitive application) to enable the cellular wireless network to grant a higher level of radio link resources via the MCG to accommodate data for the latency-sensitive application session. In some embodiments, the additional BSR request message for the MCG includes a maximum value allowed in the buffer size field. Utilizing the higher level of granted radio link resources available via the MCG, the 5G-enabled wireless device can transition UL data from the SCG to the MCG faster than relying on the cellular wireless network using measurement report information such as associated with the A2 threshold for transitioning between radio links. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device continues to transmit additional BSR request messages for the MCG with the selected value in the buffer size field while continuing to meet additional criteria, such as the performance of the SCG below a second performance threshold and the mobility state of the 5G-enabled wireless device indicating that the 5G-enabled wireless device is in a non-stationary state (in motion). In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device transmits additional BSR request messages for the MCG with the selected value in the buffer size field until the BSR requirements for the MCG are met and the latency requirements for the latency-sensitive application session are met. When the BSR requirements for the MCG are not met or the latency requirements for the latency-sensitive application session are not met, the 5G-enabled wireless device continues to transmit additional BSR request messages for the MCG with the selected value in the buffer size field. In some embodiments, the selected value included in the buffer size field of the additional BSR request message is the maximum value allowed by the buffer size field. In some embodiments, the additional BSR request message may be a maximum value BSR request message having the maximum value in the buffer size field.

[0025] In some embodiments, a 5G-enabled wireless device transmits an additional BSR request message for both the MCG and the SCG with a selected value included in the buffer size field so that the cellular wireless network grants a higher level of radio link resources via both the MCG and the SCG to accommodate redundant transmission of data for delay-sensitive application sessions across both the MCG and the SGC. In some embodiments, the additional BSR request message is a maximum value BSR request message having a maximum allowed value in the buffer size field. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device may replicate and transmit UL data for delay-sensitive application sessions on both the MCG and the SCG. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device transmits UL data via the MCG or via the SCG based on which cell group the radio link resources were granted for. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device continues to transmit additional BSR request messages with a selected value in the buffer size field of the BSR request message for both the MCG and the SCG while continuing to meet additional criteria, such as the performance of the SCG being below a second performance threshold and the mobility state of the 5G-enabled wireless device indicating that the 5G-enabled wireless device is in a non-stationary state (in motion). In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device transmits additional BSR request messages with a selected value in the buffer size field for both the MCG and the SCG until the BSR requirements for the MCG or the SCG are met and the latency requirements for the latency-sensitive application session are met. When the BSR requirements for the MCG or the SCG are not met or the latency requirements for the latency-sensitive application session are not met, the 5G-enabled wireless device continues to transmit additional BSR request messages with the selected value in the buffer size field for the MCG and the SCG. In some embodiments, when data transmission for a latency-sensitive application session is no longer required (e.g., the session for the latency-sensitive application is not active or ends), the 5G-enabled wireless device stops transmitting additional BSR request messages for MCG or SCG with a selected value in the buffer size field. In some embodiments, when the mobility state of the 5G-enabled wireless device indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device is in a stationary state, the 5G-enabled wireless device stops transmitting additional BSR request messages for MCG or SCG with a selected value in the buffer size field. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device transmits a maximum value BSR request message with a maximum value in the buffer size field and reverts to a regular BSR request message after the transition between radio links is completed.

[0026] These and other embodiments are referred to below. Figures 1 to 7Discussion is made; however, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting.

[0027] Figure 1 1 is a block diagram illustrating different components of a system 100, which includes: i) a mobile wireless device 102 (which may also be referred to as a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a mobile device, a user equipment (UE), a device, etc.); ii) a set of base stations 112-1 to 112-N managed by different mobile network operators (MNOs) 114; and iii) a set of configuration servers 116 in communication with the MNOs 114. The mobile wireless device 102 may represent a mobile computing device (e.g., of or ), base stations 112-1 to 112-N may represent cellular wireless network entities configured to communicate with mobile wireless device 102 including fourth generation (4G) long term evolution (LTE) evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) and / or fifth generation (5G) NodeB (gNodeB or gNB), and MNO 114 may represent different wireless service providers that provide specific services (e.g., voice and data) that can be subscribed to by users of mobile wireless device 102 to access services via mobile wireless device 102. Applications residing on mobile wireless device 102 may advantageously access services using 4G LTE connections and / or 5G connections via base stations 112. Mobile wireless device 102 may include processing circuitry, an embedded universal integrated circuit card (eUICC) 108, and a baseband component 110, wherein the processing circuitry may include memory 106 and one or more processors 104. In some embodiments, in addition to eUICC 108, mobile wireless device 102 also includes one or more physical UICCs (also known as subscriber identity module (SIM) cards (not shown)). The components of the mobile wireless device 102 work together to enable the mobile wireless device 102 to provide useful features to the user of the mobile wireless device 102, such as cellular wireless network access, non-cellular wireless network access, localized computing, location-based services, and Internet connectivity. The eUICC 108 may be configured to store multiple electronic SIMs (eSIMs) for accessing services provided by one or more different MNOs 114 via communications through the base stations 112-1 to 112-N. In order to enable access to services provided by the MNOs, one or more eSIMs may be configured to the eUICC 108 of the mobile wireless device 102. In some embodiments, a policy associated with the SIM / eSIM may determine whether the mobile wireless device 102 may access 5G services via the 5G base station 112. In some embodiments, the SIM / eSIM policy may determine cost factors, data throughput rate limits, data capacity limits, application service compatibility, device compatibility, and other criteria for determining whether one or more applications of the mobile wireless device 102 may access 5G services. In some embodiments, SIM / eSIM policies and / or device configurations may determine whether one or more applications may prefer to access services via one or more specific radio access technologies (RATs) (e.g., via a 4G LTE connection, via a 5G connection, via a non-cellular wireless connection, etc.).

[0028] Figure 2 Illustrated Figure 1100 . One or more processors 104 in conjunction with memory 106 may implement a main operating system (OS) 202 that is configured to execute applications 204 (e.g., native OS applications and user applications). One or more processors 104 may include application processing circuitry and, in some embodiments, wireless communication control circuitry. The application processing circuitry may monitor application requirements and usage to determine recommendations regarding communication connection attributes (such as bandwidth and / or latency) and provide information to the communication control circuitry to determine an appropriate wireless connection for use with a particular application. The communication control circuitry may process information from the application processing circuitry and from additional circuitry (such as baseband component 110 and other sensors (not shown)) to determine the state of components of the mobile wireless device 102 (e.g., reduced power mode) and the state of the mobile wireless device 102 as a whole (e.g., mobility state). In some embodiments, the communication control circuitry may also take into account SIM / eSIM policies that affect whether an application or service of the mobile wireless device 102 may access a particular RAT, such as access to a 5G cellular connection. The communication control circuitry may provide control signals to the baseband component 110 to determine which RATs a particular application may access. The mobile wireless device 102 also includes an eUICC 108, which may be configured to implement an eUICC OS 206 to manage the hardware resources of the eUICC 108 (e.g., a processor and memory embedded in the eUICC 108). The eUICC OS 206 may also be configured to manage an eSIM 208 stored by the eUICC 108, for example by enabling, disabling, modifying, updating, or otherwise performing management of the eSIM 208 within the eUICC 108 and providing access to the eSIM 208 to the baseband component 110 to provide access to wireless services for the mobile wireless device 102. The eUICC OS 206 may include an eSIM manager 210 that may perform management functions for the various eSIMs 208. Each eSIM 208 may include a plurality of applets 212 that define the manner in which the eSIM 208 operates. For example, one or more of the applets 212, when implemented by the baseband component 110 and the eUICC 108, may be configured to enable the mobile wireless device 102 to communicate with the MNO 114 and provide useful features (e.g., phone calls and the Internet) to the user of the mobile wireless device 102.

[0029] The baseband component 110 of the mobile wireless device 102 may include a baseband OS 214 configured to manage the hardware resources (e.g., processor, memory, different radio components, etc.) of the baseband component 110. According to some embodiments, the baseband component 110 may implement a baseband manager 216 configured to interact with the eUICC 108 to establish a secure channel with the provisioning server 116 and obtain information (such as eSIM data) from the provisioning server 116 for managing the eSIM 208. The baseband manager 216 may be configured to implement services 218, which represents a collection of software modules that are instantiated by various applets 212 of enabled eSIMs 208 included in the eUICC 108. For example, the services 218 may be configured to manage different connections between the mobile wireless device 102 and the MNO 114 depending on the different eSIMs 208 enabled within the eUICC 108.

[0030] Figure 3A and Figure 3B Block diagrams 300 and 350 of 5G standalone (SA) and non-standalone (NSA) network architectures are illustrated, respectively. When operating in SA mode, Figure 3A As shown, a 5G user equipment (UE) 304 communicates with a cellular wireless network via a 5G radio link 316 to a 5G gNB (base station) 308, while a 4G UE 302 communicates separately with its own cellular wireless network via a 4G radio link 314 to a 4G LTE eNB 306. The 5G gNB 308 is connected to a 5G Next Generation Core (NGC) network 312, which includes a user plane connection for data transfer and a control plane connection for control signaling. Similarly, the 4G LTE eNB 306 is connected to a 4G LTE Enhanced Packet Core (EPC) 310. The 4G LTE EPC 310 network can interoperate with the 5G NGC 312 network via user plane and control connections between them. However, it is expected that the 5G SA network including the 5G access network based on both 5G gNB 308 and 5G NGC 312 will take many years to build out, and therefore a hybrid network including elements of both 4G cellular wireless network and 5G cellular wireless network is planned for 5G UE 304 to operate in NSA mode, such as Figure 3BAs shown. Operating in NSA mode, the 5G UE 304 communicates with the cellular wireless network via both a 5G radio link 316 to the 5G gNB 308 and a separate 4G radio link 318 to the 4G LTE eNB 306. The 4G LTE eNB 306 can be used for control plane signaling and acts as a primary node for access network connection with the 5G UE 304, while the 5G gNB 308 can be used for user plane data transfer and acts as a secondary node for access network connection with the 5G UE 304. The 5G gNB 308 may pass user plane data to the 4G LTE EPC 310 when directly connected to the 4G LTE EPC 310 or when indirectly connected to the 4G LTE EPC 310 via the 4G LTE 3NB 306 (as indicated by the user plane connection between the 4G LTE eNB 306 and the 5G gNB 308). The 4G UE 302 (or a 5G UE 304 operating in 4G LTE mode) may be connected to the 4G LTE eNB 306 via a 4G radio link 314 for both control signaling and user plane data transfer.

[0031] Figure 4A diagram 400 of an example of dual radio link data transmission for a 5G-enabled wireless device 102 with latency performance issues is illustrated. The 5G-enabled wireless device 102 may be connected to a 5G NSA cellular wireless network via a first radio access technology (RAT) link and to a 5G NSA cellular wireless network via a second RAT link. In some cases, the first RAT link is a 5G radio link and the second RAT link is a 4G LTE radio link. In some cases, the first RAT link is a 5G FR2 (higher frequency band) radio link and the second RAT link is a 5G FR1 (lower frequency band) radio link. At 402, when the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 is located in a near-cell coverage area (e.g., with high signal strength and / or quality), a latency-sensitive application session may be triggered. In some cases, the first RAT link provides a higher maximum data throughput level than the second RAT link. Initially, due to a high UL split bearer data threshold, the 5G NSA cellular wireless network may schedule UL data only via the first RAT link. When in an area close to cell coverage, the first RAT link is used for UL data transmission for a latency-sensitive application session, while the second RAT link is available but not used. At 404, the mobility state of the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 may exceed a mobility threshold while a latency-sensitive application session is ongoing. The 5G-enabled wireless device 102 may move from an area close to cell coverage to an area of ​​medium to far cell coverage for weaker radio link performance of the first RAT link. At 406, a mobile device measurement report based on an A2 threshold set by the 5G NSA cellular wireless network is triggered; however, when the A2 measurement report is transmitted to the 5G NSA cellular wireless network, the UL data has already been scheduled for transmission via the first RAT link. In response to the A2 measurement report, the 5G NSA cellular wireless network switches the UL data from the first RAT link to the second RAT link (this may occur before a separate, new first RAT link is available for use by the 5G-enabled wireless device 102). During the transition from the first RAT link to the second RAT link, UL data is delayed due to the degradation of the performance of the first RAT link (on which the UL data has been scheduled by the 5G NSA cellular wireless network) before full use of the second RAT link occurs. At 408, the weaker first RAT link is disconnected, and the UL data for the latency-sensitive application session is switched to the stronger second RAT link. With sufficient data throughput on the second RAT link after the transition, the backup of the UL data can be mitigated and the latency returns to an acceptable level for the latency-sensitive application session. However, the latency spike during the transition may negatively affect the perceived performance of the latency-sensitive application session by the user of the 5G-enabled wireless device 102.The transmission of the A2 measurement report and the resulting response of the 5G NSA cellular wireless network to the A2 measurement report occurs too late and too slowly to accommodate the accumulation of UL data for latency-sensitive application sessions during the transition between radio links. As further discussed herein, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 proactively requests radio link resources before the A2 measurement report will occur to be used during the transition between radio links (or during variable RF conditions) to accommodate ongoing UL data for latency-sensitive application sessions.

[0032] Figure 5A A flowchart 500 of an exemplary first phase process for managing dual radio link UL data transmission for a latency-sensitive application session of a 5G-enabled wireless device 102 in a stationary mobility state is illustrated. At 502, UL data is scheduled for transmission on a split radio bearer via a primary cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG) of a 5G NSA cellular wireless network, with most of the UL data being scheduled on the SCG. At 504, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 determines whether the performance of the SCG has dropped below a first performance threshold, for example, a measured reference signal received power (RSRP) level of less than -100 dB. The first performance threshold may be higher than a corresponding measurement reporting threshold, such as an A2 threshold set by the 5G NSA cellular wireless network. When the SCG performance remains at or above the first performance threshold, the process returns to step 502. When the SCG performance drops below the first performance threshold, at 506, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 determines whether a latency-sensitive application session with active UL data transfer is ongoing. When there are no delay-sensitive application sessions with active UL data transfers in progress, the process ends. When there are delay-sensitive application sessions with active UL data transfers in progress, at 508, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 determines whether the UL data for the delay-sensitive application sessions can be separated into more critical data (e.g., information frames (I frames) of the video application session) and less critical data (e.g., parity frames (P frames) of the video application session). When the UL data for the delay-sensitive application session cannot be separated, the 5G-enabled wireless device moves to a different destination such as Figure 5B or Figure 5CThe second stage process described in . When the UL data for the delay-sensitive application session can be separated into more critical data and less critical data, at 510, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 prioritizes the UL transmission of the more critical data before transmitting the less critical data, and triggers one or more buffer status report (BSR) request messages via the MCG for UL transmission. In some embodiments, the delay-sensitive application session generates (or provides to the baseband layer for UL transmission) more critical data at periodic intervals. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 periodically triggers a BSR request to the MCG in anticipation of more critical data being generated and provided for UL transmission by the delay-sensitive application session. At 512, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 receives an UL grant on the MCG, on which the more critical UL data is prioritized and transmitted before the less critical UL data for the delay-sensitive application session. The 5G enabled wireless device 102 may continue to monitor the performance of the latency-sensitive application session to determine whether to continue requesting additional UL grants on the MCG. At 514, the 5G enabled wireless device 102 determines whether the mobility state indicates that the 5G enabled wireless device 102 is in a stationary state or in a non-stationary state (in motion). When the mobility state indicates that the 5G enabled wireless device 102 is in a stationary state, the process returns to step 504. When the mobility state indicates that the 5G enabled wireless device 102 is in a non-stationary state, at 516, the 5G enabled wireless device 102 determines whether the SCG performance drops below a second performance threshold, which is lower than the first performance threshold (e.g., RSRP<-105dBm), where the second performance threshold is also higher than the measurement reporting threshold (e.g., higher than the A2 threshold used by the 5G NSA cellular wireless network). When the SCG performance equals or exceeds the second performance threshold, the process returns to step 506. When the SCG performance drops below the second performance threshold, the 5G enabled wireless device 102 proceeds to as follows. Figure 5B (Phase 2A) or Figure 5C The second stage process is illustrated in (Stage 2B).

[0033] Figure 5BA flow chart 520 of an exemplary second phase process for managing dual radio link UL data transmission for a latency-sensitive application session of a 5G-enabled wireless device 102 in a non-stationary mobility state is illustrated. At 522, UL data is scheduled for transmission on split radio bearers via the MCG and SCG of the 5G NSA cellular wireless network, with most of the UL data being scheduled on the SCG. At 524, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 determines whether the mobility state indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 is in a stationary state or in a non-stationary state (in motion). When the mobility state indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 is in a stationary state, the process ends. When the mobility state indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 is in a non-stationary state, at 526, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 determines whether a latency-sensitive application session with active UL data transfer is ongoing. When no latency-sensitive application session with active UL data transfer is ongoing, the process ends. In the presence of a latency-sensitive application session with ongoing active UL data transfer, at 528, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 determines whether the SCG performance drops below a second performance threshold that is lower than the first performance threshold (e.g., RSRP<-105dBm), where the second performance threshold is also higher than the measurement reporting threshold (e.g., higher than the A2 threshold used by the 5G NSA cellular wireless network). When the SCG performance equals or exceeds the second performance threshold, the process returns to step 524. When the SCG performance drops below the second performance threshold, at 530, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 triggers one or more additional BSR requests on the MCG to shift all data during the transition from the SCG to the MCG. The additional BSR requests may include a selected value in the buffer size field to enable the 5G NSA cellular wireless network to shift data from the SCG to the MCG faster. In some cases, the 5G-enabled wireless device requests to shift all UL data from the SCG to the MCG. In some cases, the selected value in the buffer size field is the maximum allowed value of the buffer size field. In some embodiments, the 5G capable wireless device 102 calculates a buffer size field value for an additional BSR request based on the UL data throughput requirement for the latency sensitive application session. In some embodiments, the 5G capable wireless device 102 uses the calculated BSR size field value in the additional BSR request. In some embodiments, the 5G capable wireless device 102 uses a maximum allowable BSR size field value in the additional BSR request. At 532, the 5G capable wireless device receives an UL grant from the 5G NSA cellular wireless network on the MCG to send UL data only on the MCG during a transition from a dual radio link connection via both the MCG and the SCG to a single radio link connection via the MCG.At 534, the 5G capable wireless device 102 determines: i) whether the BSR requirement for UL data transmission for the latency sensitive application session has been met on the MCG during the transition, and ii) the latency requirement for the latency sensitive application session has been met, e.g., the measured latency has dropped below a latency threshold. When the BSR requirement has not been met or the latency requirement has not been met, the 5G capable wireless device 102 returns to step 524 to continue the process. When the BSR requirement has been met during the transition and the latency requirement has also been met, the process ends.

[0034] Figure 5CA flowchart 540 of another exemplary second phase process for managing dual radio link UL data transmission for a latency-sensitive application session of a 5G-enabled wireless device 102 in a non-stationary mobility state is illustrated. At 542, UL data is scheduled for transmission on split radio bearers via the MCG and SCG of the 5G NSA cellular wireless network, with most of the UL data being scheduled on the SCG. At 544, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 determines whether the mobility state indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 is in a stationary state or in a non-stationary state (in motion). When the mobility state indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 is in a stationary state, the process ends. When the mobility state indicates that the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 is in a non-stationary state, at 546, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 determines whether a latency-sensitive application session with active UL data transfer is ongoing. When no latency-sensitive application session with active UL data transfer is ongoing, the process ends. In the presence of a latency-sensitive application session with ongoing active UL data transfer, at 548, the 5G capable wireless device 102 determines whether the SCG performance has dropped below a second performance threshold that is lower than the first performance threshold (e.g., RSRP <-105 dBm), where the second performance threshold is also higher than the measurement reporting threshold (e.g., higher than the A2 threshold used by the 5G NSA cellular wireless network). When the SCG performance equals or exceeds the second performance threshold, the process returns to step 544. When the SCG performance drops below the second performance threshold, at 550, the 5G capable wireless device 102 transmits a duplicate BSR request on both the SCG and the MCG to accommodate variable radio conditions on the SCG. The duplicate BSR request may include a selected value in the buffer size field to cause the 5G NSA cellular wireless network to grant additional radio resources to the 5G capable wireless device 102. In some embodiments, the 5G capable wireless device 102 calculates the BSR size field value based on the UL data throughput requirement for the latency-sensitive application session. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 uses the calculated BSR size field value in the duplicate BSR request. In some embodiments, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 uses the maximum allowable buffer size field value in the duplicate BSR request. At 552, the 5G-enabled wireless device receives UL grants on both the SCG and the MCG to transmit UL data for a latency-sensitive application session. The 5G-enabled wireless device 102 may use a UL grant received via the SCG or the MCG (e.g., via the earliest received UL grant on the SCG or the MCG) to transmit UL data as quickly as possible, or transmit UL data replicated on both the SCG and the MCG via a UL grant on each of the SCG and the MCG.The duplicate transmission increases redundancy to allow the receiver of the UL data to use the duplicated UL data to improve performance under variable RF conditions. At 554, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 determines whether the SCG performance exceeds a second performance threshold, e.g., RSRP>-105dBm. While the SCG performance remains below the second performance threshold (e.g., RSRP<-105dBm), the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 continues to transmit duplicate BSR requests for both the SCG and the MCG. When the SCG performance exceeds the second performance threshold (e.g., RSRP>-105dBm), at 556, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 determines: i) whether the BSR requirements for UL data transmission for latency-sensitive application sessions have been met on the MCG during variable RF performance conditions, and ii) the latency requirements for latency-sensitive application sessions have been met, e.g., the measured latency drops below the latency threshold. When the BSR requirements have not been met or the latency requirements have not been met, the 5G-enabled wireless device 102 returns to step 544 to continue the process. When the BSR requirement has been met during the transition and the latency requirement has also been met, the process ends.

[0035] Figure 5A , Figure 5B and Figure 5C The illustrated process may be used for 5G to 4G radio link transition, and may also be used for 5G radio link transition between frequency bands (eg, between FR1 and FR2). Figure 5C The illustrated processes may also be used during variable RF conditions to temporarily add redundancy via two radio links until a single radio link meets the performance requirements for latency-sensitive application sessions. These processes may be used on 5G NSA cellular wireless networks as well as on 5G standalone (SA) wireless networks, such as when managing data transmission across multiple 5G radio links on two different radio bands for uplink transmissions by a 5G-enabled wireless device 102.

[0036] Fig. 6AA flowchart 500 of an exemplary method for managing dual radio link data transmission for a latency-sensitive application for a 5G wireless device 102 in a non-stationary mobility state is illustrated. At 602, the 5G wireless device uses split radio bearers of a master cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG) across a wireless network. At 604, a performance metric of the SCG falls below a first performance threshold, wherein the SCG performance metric exceeds a measurement reporting threshold. At 606, a state of the 5G wireless device 102 indicates that the 5G wireless device 102 is in a stationary state. At 608, the 5G wireless device 102 transmits at least one BSR request message for UL data transmission to the wireless network via the MCG. At 610, the 5G wireless device 102 receives a resource allocation grant for UL data transmission from the wireless network via the MCG in response to the at least one BSR request message. At 612, the 5G wireless device prioritizes and transmits higher priority data for a latency-sensitive application session before transmitting any lower priority data using the resource allocation grant received from the wireless network.

[0037] Figure 6BA flowchart 620 of an exemplary method for managing dual-link data transmission for a latency-sensitive application for a 5G wireless device 102 in a non-stationary mobility state is illustrated. At 622, the mobility state of the 5G wireless device 102 indicates that the 5G wireless device is not in a stationary state (e.g., in motion). At 624, a performance metric of a secondary cell group (SCG) falls below a second performance threshold (which is lower than the first performance threshold) and exceeds a measurement report threshold (e.g., an A2 threshold used by a 5G NSA cellular wireless network). At 626, the 5G wireless device transmits at least one additional BSR request message to the wireless network via a master cell group (MCG) for UL data transmission, the additional BSR request message including a selection value in a buffer size field, wherein the selection value is selected to cause the wireless network to grant a higher level of radio resources to the MCG. At 628, the 5G wireless device receives an additional resource allocation grant from the wireless network via the MCG for UL data transmission in response to the at least one additional BSR request message. At 630, the 5G wireless device transmits all UL data for the delay-sensitive application using the additional resource allocation grant received from the wireless network. At 632, the 5G wireless device 102 continues to transmit additional BSR request messages to the wireless network via the MCG for UL data transmission, the additional BSR request messages including the selection value in the buffer size field until the 5G wireless device 102 transitions to using a single radio bearer via the MCG. In some embodiments, the selection value is a value calculated by the 5G wireless device 102 to support UL data transmission for the delay-sensitive application. In some embodiments, the selection value in the buffer size field exceeds the amount of data in the corresponding buffer. In some embodiments, the selection value is the maximum allowed value of the buffer size field.

[0038] Figure 6CA flowchart 640 of another exemplary method for managing dual-link data transmission for a latency-sensitive application for a 5G wireless device 102 in a non-stationary mobility state is illustrated. At 642, the mobility state of the 5G wireless device 102 indicates that the 5G wireless device is not in a stationary state (e.g., in motion). At 644, a performance metric of a secondary cell group (SCG) falls below a second performance threshold (which is lower than the first performance threshold) and exceeds a measurement report threshold (e.g., an A2 threshold used by a 5G NSA cellular wireless network). At 646, the 5G wireless device transmits a first additional BSR request message to the wireless network via a primary cell group (MCG) for UL data transmission, the first additional BSR request message including a first selected value in a buffer size field, and transmits a second additional BSR request message via a secondary cell group (SCG) for UL data transmission, the second additional BSR request message including a second selected value in a buffer size field. At 648, the 5G wireless device receives an additional resource allocation grant from the wireless network via the MCG and the SCG in response to the first additional BSR request message and the second additional BSR request message for UL data transmission. At 650, the 5G wireless device uses the additional resource allocation grant received from the wireless network to transmit all UL data for delay-sensitive applications replicated across the MCG and the SCG. At 652, the 5G wireless device 102 continues to transmit additional BSR request messages to the wireless network for UL data transmission, the additional BSR request message including a selection in the buffer size field until the UL data throughput and latency requirements are met via the MCG or via the SCG. In some embodiments, the selection value is a value calculated by the 5G wireless device 102 to support UL data transmission for delay-sensitive applications. In some embodiments, the selection value in the buffer size field exceeds the amount of data in the corresponding buffer. In some embodiments, the selection value is the maximum allowed value of the buffer size field.

[0039] Representative exemplary devices

[0040] Figure 7 An exemplary computing device 700 that can be used to implement the various components and techniques described herein according to some embodiments is illustrated in a block diagram format. In particular, a detailed view of the exemplary computing device 700 illustrates various components that can be included in the mobile wireless device 102. Figure 7As shown, the computing device 700 may include one or more processors 702 representing a microprocessor or controller for controlling the overall operation of the computing device 700. In some embodiments, the computing device 700 may also include a user input device 708 that allows a user of the computing device 700 to interact with the computing device 700. For example, in some embodiments, the user input device 708 may take a variety of forms, such as buttons, keypads, dials, touch screens, audio input interfaces, visual / image capture input interfaces, input in the form of sensor data, etc. In some embodiments, the computing device 700 may include a display 710 (screen display) that can be controlled by the processor 702 to display information (e.g., information related to incoming, outgoing, or active communication sessions) to the user. The data bus 716 may facilitate data transfer between at least the storage device 740, the processor 702, and the controller 713. The controller 713 can be used to interact with and control different equipment through the equipment control bus 714. The computing device 700 may also include a network / bus interface 711 coupled to the data link 712. In the case of a wireless connection, the network / bus interface 711 may include wireless circuitry, such as a wireless transceiver and / or a baseband processor. The computing device 700 may also include a secure element 724. The secure element 724 may include the eUICC 108.

[0041] The computing device 700 also includes a storage device 740, which may include a single storage device or multiple storage devices (e.g., a hard drive), and includes a storage management module that manages one or more partitions within the storage device 740. In some embodiments, the storage device 740 may include flash memory, semiconductor (solid-state) memory, etc. The computing device 700 may also include a random access memory (RAM) 720 and a read-only memory (ROM) 722. The ROM 722 may store programs, utilities, or processes to be executed in a non-volatile manner. The RAM 720 may provide volatile data storage and store instructions related to the operation of the computing device 700.

[0042] Wireless Terminology

[0043] According to various embodiments described herein, the terms "wireless communication device", "wireless device", "mobile device", "mobile station", and "user equipment (UE)" may be used interchangeably herein to describe one or more common consumer electronic devices that may be capable of performing the processes associated with various embodiments of the present disclosure. According to various specific implementations, any of these consumer electronic devices may relate to: a cellular phone or smart phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a personal computer, a netbook computer, a media player device, an e-book device, Devices, wearable computing devices, and any other type of electronic computing device with wireless communication capabilities, which wireless communication capabilities may include communication via one or more wireless communication protocols, which wireless communication protocols, such as protocols used to communicate on the following networks: wireless wide area networks (WWAN), wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), wireless local area networks (WLAN), wireless personal area networks (WPAN), near field communication (NFC), cellular wireless networks, fourth generation (4G) LTE, advanced LTE (LTE-A), and / or 5G or other currently or future developed advanced cellular wireless networks.

[0044] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may also operate as part of a wireless communication system, which may include a group of client devices, which may also be referred to as stations, client wireless devices, or client wireless communication devices, interconnected to an access point (AP) (e.g., as part of a WLAN), and / or interconnected to each other (e.g., as part of a WPAN and / or "ad hoc" wireless network). In some embodiments, the client device may be any wireless communication device capable of communicating via WLAN technology (e.g., according to a wireless local area network communication protocol). In some embodiments, the WLAN technology may include a Wi-Fi (or more generally, a WLAN) wireless communication subsystem or radio component, which may implement the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 technology, such as one or more of the following: IEEE 802.11a; IEEE 802.11b; IEEE 802.11g; IEEE 802.11-2007; IEEE 802.11n; IEEE 802.11-2012; IEEE 802.11ac; or other currently or future developed IEEE 802.11 technology.

[0045] In addition, it should be understood that the UE described herein may be configured as a multi-mode wireless communication device that is also capable of communicating via different third generation (3G) and / or second generation (2G) RATs. In these cases, the multi-mode user equipment (UE) may be configured to prefer attaching to an LTE network that provides a faster data rate throughput over other 3G legacy networks that provide a lower data rate throughput. For example, in some specific implementations, the multi-mode UE may be configured to fall back to a 3G legacy network, such as an evolved high speed packet access (HSPA+) network, or a code division multiple access (CDMA) 2000 evolution-data only (EV-DO) network when 5G, LTE, and LTE-A networks are otherwise unavailable.

[0046] It is understood that the use of personally identifiable information should be subject to privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized to meet or exceed industry or government requirements for maintaining user privacy. Specifically, personally identifiable information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of the authorized use should be clearly stated to users.

[0047] The various aspects, embodiments, specific implementations or features of the embodiments may be used individually or in any combination. The various aspects of the embodiments may be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of hardware and software. The embodiments may also be implemented as computer-readable code on a non-transient computer-readable medium. A non-transient computer-readable medium is any data storage device that can store data, which can then be read by a computer system. Examples of non-transient computer-readable media include read-only memory, random access memory, CD-ROM, HDD, DVD, magnetic tape, and optical data storage devices. Non-transient computer-readable media may also be distributed on a network-coupled computer system so that the computer-readable code is stored and executed in a distributed manner.

[0048] For the purpose of illustration, the foregoing description uses specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details are not required in order to practice the embodiments. Therefore, the foregoing description of specific embodiments is presented for the purpose of illustration and description. The foregoing description is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments described to the precise form disclosed. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that, in view of the above teachings, many modifications and variations are feasible.

Claims

1. A method for managing data transmission of a dual-connection fifth generation (5G) wireless device, the method comprising: By the 5G wireless device: In the following cases: i) split radio bearers of a primary cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG) across wireless networks are used, ii) a latency sensitive application session is active, where data can be separated into multiple priorities, iii) a performance metric of the SCG drops below a first performance threshold, and iv) a mobility state indicates that the 5G wireless device is in a stationary state: transmitting, via the MCG, at least one buffer status report (BSR) request message to the wireless network for uplink (UL) data transmission; receiving a resource allocation grant for UL data transmission from the wireless network via the MCG in response to the at least one BSR request message; as well as prioritizing and transmitting higher priority data for the delay-sensitive application session before granting transmission of any lower priority data using the resource allocation, The first performance threshold exceeds a measurement reporting threshold indicated by the wireless network.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: By the 5G wireless device: In the following cases: i) the mobility state indicates that the 5G wireless device is not in a stationary state, and ii) the performance metric of the SCG drops below a second performance threshold and above the measurement reporting threshold, the second performance threshold being lower than the first performance threshold: transmitting, via the MCG, to the wireless network at least one additional BSR request message for UL data transmission, the additional BSR request message including a selection value in a buffer size field, the selection value being selected to cause the wireless network to grant a higher level of radio resources to the MCG; receiving, via the MCG, from the wireless network an additional resource allocation grant for UL data transmission in response to the at least one additional BSR request message; as well as All UL data for the delay-sensitive application session is transmitted using the additional resource allocation grant.

3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: By the 5G wireless device: In the case that: i) the mobility state indicates that the 5G wireless device is not in a stationary state, and ii) the performance metric of the SCG falls below the second performance threshold: Continue to transmit additional BSR request messages to the wireless network via the MCG for UL data transmission, the additional BSR request messages including the selected value in the buffer size field until the 5G wireless device transitions to using a single radio bearer via the MCG.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: By the 5G wireless device: In the following cases: i) the mobility state indicates that the 5G wireless device is not in a stationary state, and ii) the performance metric of the SCG drops below a second performance threshold and above the measurement reporting threshold, the second performance threshold being lower than the first performance threshold: The following items are transmitted to the wireless network via: transmitting, via the MCG, a first additional BSR request message for UL data transmission, the first additional BSR request message comprising a first selected value in a buffer size field, and transmitting, via the SCG, a second additional BSR request message for UL data transmission, the second additional BSR request message comprising a second selected value in the buffer size field; receiving an additional resource allocation grant for UL data transmission from the wireless network via the MCG and the SCG in response to the first additional BSR request message and the second additional BSR request message; as well as All UL data for the delay-sensitive application session replicated across the MCG and the SCG is transmitted using the additional resource allocation grant, wherein the first selection value and the second selection value are selected to cause the wireless network to grant a higher level of radio resources to both the MCG and the SCG.

5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising: By the 5G wireless device: In the case that: i) the mobility state indicates that the 5G wireless device is not in a stationary state, and ii) the performance metric of the SCG falls below the second performance threshold: Continue to transmit additional BSR request messages to the wireless network via both the MCG and the SCG for UL data transmission, the additional BSR request messages including the first selection value or the second selection value in the buffer size field until UL data throughput and latency requirements are met via the MCG or via the SCG.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The mobility state is based on a mobility metric determined by a motion co-processor of the 5G wireless device.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The SCG includes 5G cellular resources using a first 5G frequency range (FR1) of radio frequencies below 8 GHz, and The MCG includes 5G cellular resources using a second 5G frequency range (FR2) above millimeter wave frequencies of 24 GHz.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein: The SCG includes cellular resources allocated according to a fourth generation (4G) long term evolution (LTE) standard communication protocol, and The MCG includes 5G cellular resources allocated according to the 5G standard communication protocol.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first performance threshold comprises a reference signal received power value that is at least 10 dB higher than the measurement reporting threshold; and The measurement reporting threshold comprises an A2 measurement threshold set by the wireless network.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein: The delay-sensitive application session includes a video streaming application session or a video call application session; The higher priority data comprises information frames (I frames); and The lower priority data includes parity frames (P frames).

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: I frames for the delay-sensitive application session occur in a periodic pattern; and Prior to receiving a group of I frames from an application processor of the 5G wireless device, a baseband component of the 5G wireless device transmits the at least one BSR request for the group of I frames.

12. An apparatus configurable for operation in a fifth generation (5G) wireless device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors coupled to a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the 5G wireless device to: In the following cases: i) split radio bearers of a primary cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG) across wireless networks are used, ii) a latency sensitive application session is active, where data can be separated into multiple priorities, iii) a performance metric of the SCG drops below a first performance threshold, and iv) a mobility state indicates that the 5G wireless device is in a stationary state: transmitting, via the MCG, at least one buffer status report (BSR) request message for uplink (UL) data transmission to the wireless network; receiving a resource allocation grant for UL data transmission from the wireless network via the MCG in response to the at least one BSR request message; and prioritizing and transmitting higher priority data for the delay-sensitive application session before granting transmission of any lower priority data using the resource allocation, The first performance threshold exceeds a measurement reporting threshold indicated by the wireless network.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the 5G wireless device to: In the following cases: i) the mobility state indicates that the 5G wireless device is not in a stationary state, and ii) the performance metric of the SCG drops below a second performance threshold and above the measurement reporting threshold, the second performance threshold being lower than the first performance threshold: transmitting, via the MCG, to the wireless network at least one additional BSR request message for UL data transmission, the additional BSR request message including a selection value in a buffer size field, the selection value being selected to cause the wireless network to grant a higher level of radio resources to the MCG; receiving, via the MCG, from the wireless network an additional resource allocation grant for UL data transmission in response to the at least one additional BSR request message; and All UL data for the delay-sensitive application session is transmitted using the additional resource allocation grant.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the 5G wireless device to: In the case that: i) the mobility state indicates that the 5G wireless device is not in a stationary state, and ii) the performance metric of the SCG falls below the second performance threshold: Continue to transmit additional BSR request messages to the wireless network via the MCG for UL data transmission, the additional BSR request messages including the selected value in the buffer size field until the 5G wireless transitions to using a single radio bearer via the MCG.

15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the 5G wireless device to: In the following cases: i) the mobility state indicates that the 5G wireless device is not in a stationary state, and ii) the performance metric of the SCG drops below a second performance threshold and above the measurement reporting threshold, the second performance threshold being lower than the first performance threshold: transmitting, via the MCG, a first additional BSR request message to the wireless network for UL data transmission, the first additional BSR request message including a first selected value in a buffer size field, and transmitting, via the SCG, a second additional BSR request message to the wireless network for UL data transmission, the second additional BSR request message including a second selected value in the buffer size field; receiving an additional resource allocation grant for UL data transmission from the wireless network via the MCG and the SCG in response to the first additional BSR request message and the second additional BSR request message; as well as transmitting all UL data for the delay-sensitive application session replicated across the MCG and the SCG using the additional resource allocation grant, Wherein the first selection value and the second selection value are selected to cause the wireless network to grant a higher level of radio resources to both the MCG and the SCG.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the 5G wireless device to: In the case that: i) the mobility state indicates that the 5G wireless device is not in a stationary state, and ii) the performance metric of the SCG falls below the second performance threshold: Continue to transmit additional BSR request messages to the wireless network via both the MCG and the SCG for UL data transmission, the additional BSR request messages including the first selection value or the second selection value in the buffer size field until UL data throughput and latency requirements are met via the MCG or via the SCG.

17. The device according to claim 16, wherein: The delay-sensitive application session includes a video streaming application session or a video call application session; The higher priority data includes information frames (I frames); and The lower priority data includes parity frames (P frames).

18. A fifth generation (5G) wireless device, the fifth generation (5G) wireless device comprising: a wireless circuit comprising a plurality of antennas; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the wireless circuitry and to a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the 5G wireless device to: In the following cases: i) split radio bearers of a primary cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG) across wireless networks are used, ii) a latency sensitive application session is active, where data can be separated into multiple priorities, iii) a performance metric of the SCG drops below a first performance threshold, and iv) a mobility state indicates that the 5G wireless device is in a stationary state: transmitting, via the MCG, at least one buffer status report (BSR) request message for uplink (UL) data transmission to the wireless network; receiving a resource allocation grant for UL data transmission from the wireless network via the MCG in response to the at least one BSR request message; as well as prioritizing and transmitting higher priority data for the delay-sensitive application session before granting transmission of any lower priority data using the resource allocation, The first performance threshold exceeds a measurement reporting threshold indicated by the wireless network.

19. The 5G wireless device of claim 18, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the 5G wireless device to: In the following cases: i) the mobility state indicates that the 5G wireless device is not in a stationary state, and ii) the performance metric of the SCG drops below a second performance threshold and above the measurement reporting threshold, the second performance threshold being lower than the first performance threshold: transmitting, via the MCG, to the wireless network at least one additional BSR request message for UL data transmission, the additional BSR request message including a selection value in a buffer size field, the selection value being selected to cause the wireless network to grant a higher level of radio resources to the MCG; receiving, via the MCG, from the wireless network an additional resource allocation grant for UL data transmission in response to the at least one additional BSR request message; and All UL data for the delay-sensitive application session is transmitted using the additional resource allocation grant.

20. The 5G wireless device of claim 18, wherein execution of the instructions further causes the 5G wireless device to: In the following cases: i) the mobility state indicates that the 5G wireless device is not in a stationary state, and ii) the performance metric of the SCG drops below a second performance threshold and above the measurement reporting threshold, the second performance threshold being lower than the first performance threshold: transmitting, via the MCG, a first additional BSR request message to the wireless network for UL data transmission, the first additional BSR request message including a first selected value in a buffer size field, and transmitting, via the SCG, a second additional BSR request message to the wireless network for UL data transmission, the second additional BSR request message including a second selected value in the buffer size field; receiving an additional resource allocation grant for UL data transmission from the wireless network via the MCG and the SCG in response to the first additional BSR request message and the second additional BSR request message; as well as transmitting all UL data for the delay-sensitive application session replicated across the MCG and the SCG using the additional resource allocation grant, Wherein the first selection value and the second selection value are selected to cause the wireless network to grant a higher level of radio resources to both the MCG and the SCG.

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