A method and device for controlling the cultivation of sorghum for feed

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and apparatus for controlling the cultivation of forage sorghum in the field of forage cultivation technology. The method and apparatus include a monitoring column with a drive cavity inside. A motor is fixedly connected to the top wall of the drive cavity, and an image recognition component is coaxially fixedly connected to the motor's output shaft. A rain-collecting hopper is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the monitoring column, and a pressure sensor is installed on the bottom wall of the hopper. A photosensitive component is arranged around the outer wall of the monitoring column, located below the rain-collecting hopper. The photosensitive component includes a first light source sensor and a second light source sensor, arranged from top to bottom. This invention has a simple structure and is easy to operate. By combining the cultivation control system with the monitoring column, the growth height of forage sorghum is managed according to its growth characteristics, and timely harvesting is ensured, thereby guaranteeing the nutritional value and palatability of the forage for livestock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of forage cultivation technology, specifically a method and device for controlling the cultivation of sorghum for feed. Background Technology

[0002] Sorghum, an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Sorghum of the Poaceae family, is a high-quality forage resource due to its strong resistance, wide adaptability, high yield, and excellent quality. As one of the forage raw materials for livestock, its grains and stalks are not only rich in nutrients and palatable, but also excellent feed for livestock and poultry, significantly improving the production efficiency and economic benefits of animal husbandry. Sorghum grains are rich in protein, fat, and crude fiber, with nutritional components similar to corn but superior in some aspects, such as a slightly higher protein content and higher levels of lutein and carotene, which have a positive impact on animal health and product quality. Furthermore, because of its strong tillering and regeneration capabilities, annual forage sorghum can be harvested multiple times, yielding a larger harvest than corn stalks. The harvested stalks and leaves can be utilized through various methods such as silage and haymaking, providing a rich selection of feed for animal husbandry.

[0003] Despite the numerous advantages of forage sorghum, traditional agricultural cultivation methods often rely on experience and judgment, making it difficult to accurately monitor and control key factors such as soil moisture, nutrient content, and pest and disease occurrence. This leads to unstable cultivation results and difficulties in guaranteeing yield and quality. Furthermore, with the development of animal husbandry and the increasing demands for feed quality, higher requirements are being placed on the cultivation control of forage sorghum. For example, harvesting sorghum must be based on its growth height. Generally, forage sorghum is harvested when it is less than 1.5 meters tall, which leads to the release of hydrocyanic acid in the tender stems and leaves. Sorghum contains relatively high levels of hydrocyanic acid, a toxic substance. If livestock ingest forage containing high concentrations of hydrocyanic acid, it may cause poisoning. For sorghum intended for fresh feeding, a height of 1.5 to 2 meters is suitable. However, when used for silage, it can be harvested at a height of 3 meters. If the height exceeds 3 meters, approaching or reaching the heading stage, the stalks gradually lignify, increasing the crude fiber content. Forage harvested at this stage is not only difficult for livestock to digest and utilize but may also negatively impact their growth and health. Therefore, precise control based on the unique growth characteristics of forage sorghum has become an urgent problem to solve. Thus, proposing a method combining intelligent control and control devices for precise control based on the growth characteristics of forage sorghum is particularly important. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this invention is to combine a cultivation control system with a monitoring column to manage the growth height of sorghum for feed and to harvest it in a timely manner, thereby ensuring the nutritional value and palatability of the forage for livestock.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A sorghum cultivation control device for feed includes a cultivation control system and a monitoring column. The cultivation control system is signal-connected to the monitoring column. A solar panel is fixedly connected to the top of the monitoring column, and a storage battery is installed inside the solar panel. The solar panel and the storage battery are electrically connected. A hollow positioning cone is fixedly connected to the bottom of the monitoring column. A drive cavity is opened inside the monitoring column. A motor is fixedly connected to the top wall of the drive cavity. An image recognition component is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor. The other end of the image recognition component is located outside the monitoring column. A conveying component is fixedly connected inside the drive cavity. The conveying assembly is located below the motor. A rainwater storage hopper is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the monitoring column. A pressure sensor is installed on the bottom wall of the rainwater storage hopper. Several fifth valves are opened on the monitoring column near the bottom of the rainwater storage hopper. The rainwater storage hopper is connected to the conveying assembly through the fifth valves. A photosensitive assembly is arranged around the outer wall of the monitoring column. The photosensitive assembly is located below the rainwater storage hopper. The photosensitive assembly includes a first light source sensor and a second light source sensor from top to bottom. A water and fertilizer tank is fixedly connected around the bottom of the monitoring column. Several second valves are opened on the monitoring column near the bottom of the water and fertilizer tank. The water and fertilizer tank is connected to the conveying assembly through the second valves.

[0006] The basic principle of the scheme is as follows: the position of the monitoring column is fixed by the positioning cone, the solar panel converts light energy into electrical energy to provide power for the normal operation of each component on the monitoring column, the image recognition component can call up the growth image of the sorghum in the area at any time, the rainwater is stored by the rainwater storage hopper and then transported to the water and fertilizer tank by the conveying component, and the first light source sensor and the second sensor can obtain the growth height of the surrounding sorghum by obtaining the shading rate.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The solar panels installed on the top of the device can convert solar energy into electrical energy to power the entire device. In addition, the battery can not only store the electrical energy converted from excess solar energy, but also provide backup power for the entire device on cloudy or rainy days.

[0008] 2. The first and second light source sensors can obtain the shading rate from the light source collection after the surrounding sorghum has grown, and then determine whether the growth height of the sorghum in this area meets the predicted growth height. However, since the first and second light source sensors cannot obtain accurate information about the external environment, the image recognition component can monitor the growth of the sorghum in real time. The first and second light source sensors can roughly estimate the growth height of the sorghum, while the image recognition component cannot accurately obtain its height information due to the height difference between itself and the sorghum plants. The combined effect of the two can better monitor the growth height and growth status of the sorghum in the area.

[0009] 3. By using rainwater storage hoppers and pressure sensors, the current rainfall can be determined, and combined with the water requirements for the growth of sorghum in the current area, the irrigation water for sorghum can be adjusted to achieve more precise cultivation control.

[0010] 4. Rainwater can be stored in the rainwater storage hopper and transported to the water-fertilizer tank through the conveying component, which increases the stability of the entire device while recycling water resources.

[0011] 5. The positioning cone further ensures the stability of the device in the soil, preventing tilting or displacement caused by wind or other external forces, and ensuring the accuracy of monitoring and management.

[0012] 6. Intelligent management methods reduce the frequency of manual inspections and operations, lower labor costs, and improve agricultural production efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, the image recognition component includes a rotating rod and a monitoring camera. One end of the rotating rod is sleeved on the side wall of the motor output shaft. A groove corresponding to the movement trajectory of the rotating rod is opened on the monitoring column. The rotating rod extends through the monitoring column and extends outside the monitoring column. An L-shaped fixing seat is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating rod extending outside the monitoring column. The fixing seat is detachably connected to the monitoring camera.

[0014] A partition is fixedly connected inside the positioning cone. The partition divides the inside of the positioning cone into a water and fertilizer chamber and a detection chamber from top to bottom. Several spray nozzles that connect to the water and fertilizer chamber are opened on the positioning cone. A soil tester is detachably connected inside the detection chamber. One end of the soil tester is located inside the detection chamber, and the other end of the soil tester extends through the detection chamber to the outside of the bottom of the positioning cone.

[0015] The conveying assembly includes, from top to bottom, a fertilizer tank, a conveying pipe, and a dispensing chamber. The conveying pipe is spiral-shaped. A first valve is fixedly connected between the top end of the conveying pipe and the fertilizer tank. The top end of the conveying pipe is connected to the first valve and several fifth valves. A fourth valve is connected to the bottom end of the conveying pipe. The end of the fourth valve away from the conveying pipe is connected to the dispensing chamber. The dispensing chamber is connected to the water and fertilizer tank through several second valves. A third valve is connected between the dispensing chamber and the water and fertilizer chamber.

[0016] The water and fertilizer tank is equipped with several water pipes. One end of each water pipe extends through the top wall of the water and fertilizer tank to the outside. The end of each water pipe outside the water and fertilizer tank is connected to a nozzle. Each water pipe is connected to a water pump, which is fixedly connected to the top wall inside the water and fertilizer tank.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. By driving the rotating rod with a motor, the monitoring camera on the fixed base can rotate and move along the slide of the monitoring column, realizing all-round and multi-angle monitoring of the growth environment of sorghum for feed. This flexibility ensures the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the monitoring.

[0018] 2. The soil detector inside the positioning cone can detect key parameters such as soil temperature, humidity, and pH value in real time and transmit the data to the control system. This information allows the cultivation control system to adjust irrigation and fertilization amounts in a timely manner.

[0019] 3. The spiral conveying pipe allows rainwater in the rainwater storage hopper and fertilizer in the fertilizer tank to mix for as long as possible during simultaneous transport. The spiral structure also agitates the water and fertilizer within the pipe. After the mixed water and fertilizer are transported to the water and fertilizer tank, the nozzles can spray the stored water and fertilizer onto the surrounding sorghum when irrigation is needed, improving irrigation efficiency by spraying water and fertilizer immediately. When the mixed water and fertilizer are transported to the water and fertilizer chamber via the conveying pipe, the spray nozzles on the positioning cone can drip water and fertilizer from the soil, playing a role in daily regulation of soil nutrients and moisture.

[0020] Furthermore, a method for controlling the cultivation of sorghum for feed includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 1, land preparation and sowing: Select sorghum-grade soil for land preparation. Before land preparation, deep plowing and fine harrowing are required, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied before sowing.

[0022] Step 2, Data Recording: Divide and number the soil areas, record the planting date of sorghum for feed, compare the data with the growth height of sorghum for feed planted in the same season in previous years, and predict the growth height of sorghum for feed this year.

[0023] Step 3, field monitoring: Install a monitoring column at the center of each numbered area to monitor the soil conditions and climate in real time. The monitoring column is connected to the cultivation control system. The cultivation control system analyzes the water and fertilizer requirements of the forage sorghum planted in the corresponding area in a timely manner through the monitoring data and controls the monitoring column to carry out water and fertilizer irrigation.

[0024] Step 4, Height Monitoring: The monitoring column determines the current height of the sorghum forage in the current area by measuring the shading rate, and transmits the data signal to the cultivation control system;

[0025] Step 5, Data Comparison: The growth height of the sorghum for feed is transmitted to the cultivation control system through the monitoring column. The cultivation control system compares the height data of different areas and calls up the height data of sorghum for feed in the same growth period in previous years. Areas with shading rate less than the average are monitored in a key manner. The cultivation control system obtains the situation of areas with low average shading rate through external image transmission equipment and feeds it back to the human operator.

[0026] Step 6, Field Management: Manually use image data obtained from external image transmission equipment to determine whether the growth of forage sorghum in the target area is normal. If lodging occurs in some areas or other conditions where the height is less than the average, the cultivation control system will activate the monitoring column to conduct location camera monitoring to determine the specific location of the problem in the area. The cultivation control system will then control the integrated water and fertilizer equipment to supplement fertilizer and water to the forage sorghum in the target area.

[0027] Step 7, Harvesting Reminder and Fertilizer Replenishment: The cultivation control system issues an early warning and harvests the fields in areas where the shading rate meets the standard. After harvesting, the monitoring column then replenishes fertilizer and water to the harvested fields.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. By collecting shading rate data through monitoring columns in different areas, the cultivation control system can compare the data to identify abnormal growth areas with shading rates lower than the normal average. The system can then use external image transmission equipment to obtain images of these abnormal growth areas for further evaluation. Once both the cultivation control system and management personnel determine that the abnormal growth area is incorrect, the monitoring columns can be used to locate it, enabling the integrated water and fertilizer system to remedy the situation by targeting the correct sorghum. This significantly saves time searching in the field and improves agricultural management efficiency.

[0029] 2. By recording the sowing date of sorghum for feed and calling up the growth height data of previous years to predict the growth status of sorghum for feed, the amount and time of irrigation water and fertilizer can be adjusted in a timely manner based on the climate and soil nutrient content of the real-time monitoring data. This avoids the blindness and waste of traditional cultivation and enables intelligent management of irrigation for sorghum for feed, thereby improving water and fertilizer utilization.

[0030] 3. Through the coordinated operation of the cultivation control system and monitoring columns, the growth process of sorghum for feed is automated and intelligently managed. Human intervention is only required when necessary, such as judging the growth status and activating camera monitoring, which greatly reduces the heavy workload of daily field inspection, irrigation and fertilization, and lowers labor costs.

[0031] 4. Using external image transmission equipment for large-scale direct image capture and transmission is problematic. Due to the large planting area, the image resolution cannot accurately measure the plant status of each sorghum forage area. Furthermore, the difference in elevation between the external image transmission equipment's shooting angle and the ground can lead to misjudgments. Manual field inspection is too inefficient. Therefore, the light source of the monitoring column is blocked by the growth height of the sorghum forage. The growth height of the sorghum forage can be judged based on the shading rate. This allows for more accurate monitoring of the growth height of sorghum forage in each area. The shading rate can also be used to determine whether harvesting is possible, and the cultivation control system can remind managers to harvest at the optimal growth height of the crop. Scientific harvesting ensures that the regenerative capacity of the sorghum forage is maximized and also helps to harvest forage of suitable quality for livestock.

[0032] 5. By implementing zoned management, the monitoring column can perform refined management of the field areas within its range, which helps to accurately monitor the growth of sorghum for feed in the current area and avoids missing images.

[0033] Furthermore, in step one, 4-5 sorghum seeds for feed are sown in the soil layer 3-5 cm below the surface, with a spacing of 30-40 cm between holes.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: by controlling the amount of seeds sown in each hole, the planting density can be effectively controlled, making the plants more evenly distributed in the field, which is conducive to making full use of light, water and nutrient resources; by using two seeds to sow, while ensuring the germination rate, it helps to select seedlings that are adapted to the current environment through seed growth competition, thereby improving the robustness of the plants.

[0035] Furthermore, in step two, the soil is divided into areas according to the coverage of the monitoring column.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: by subdividing each acre of land into plots that can be covered and managed by the monitoring column, the monitoring column can accurately adjust the amount of water and fertilizer according to the soil fertility and sorghum growth in different areas, avoiding waste and overuse of water and fertilizer, and improving the efficiency of water and fertilizer use; through zoned management, targeted management operations can be carried out according to the specific conditions of each area. At harvest time, since the growth of sorghum for feed is relatively consistent in each area, harvesting can be carried out in a concentrated manner, improving harvesting efficiency and quality.

[0037] Furthermore, in step two, the data comparison and prediction of the growth of sorghum for feed are the growth heights at 20, 50, and 70 days after sowing.

[0038] The beneficial effects of the basic plan are as follows: By comparing historical and predicted data, it helps to optimize resource allocation for the growth height of different subsequent growth stages, rationally arrange the timing and amount of irrigation and fertilization, and avoid waste and overuse of resources; around 20 days is the seedling growth period for forage sorghum, and predicting the growth height at this time helps to identify seeds that have not yet emerged and to focus on cultivating them; 50 days is the rapid growth period for forage sorghum, at which time weak stems that have not yet entered the rapid growth period should be focused on cultivation or removed; 70 days is the harvesting period for forage sorghum, and it should be harvested in a timely manner when the forage sorghum has not yet headed and flowered and has reached 1.2m-1.5m for fresh feeding or 2.5m for silage.

[0039] Furthermore, in step five, the external image transmission device uses a drone controlled by the cultivation control system. The drone takes pictures of the areas that need to be monitored and transmits them to the cultivation control system. Then, the growth of sorghum for feed in the target area is judged manually.

[0040] The benefits of the basic solution are: drones can quickly reach designated areas to take pictures, enabling real-time monitoring of the growth of sorghum for feed, reducing the time and labor costs of manual inspections; the high-definition images carried by drones can capture detailed information about the sorghum for feed in each area, such as growth height and lodging, providing an accurate basis for manual judgment.

[0041] Furthermore, in step six, the integrated water and fertilizer equipment is a vehicle-mounted irrigation device. The vehicle-mounted irrigation device is activated through the cultivation control system and moves in a specific direction as preset by the cultivation control system.

[0042] The basic solution has the following benefits: by enabling the vehicle-mounted irrigation equipment to be accurately moved to the designated location of the cultivation control system, precise irrigation of the area can be achieved, thus reducing labor costs.

[0043] Furthermore, in step seven, the sorghum for fresh feeding is cut to a height of 1.5 to 2 meters, and the sorghum for silage is cut to a height of 3 meters.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are as follows: when the height of sorghum for feed reaches more than 1.5 meters, the hydrocyanic acid content in its leaves and stems has been significantly reduced. At this time, feeding livestock fresh can reduce the risk of hydrocyanic acid poisoning. Cutting below 2 meters is to ensure that the appropriate cutting height can promote the tillering and regeneration of sorghum for feed, which is beneficial to subsequent growth and yield accumulation. Cutting at a height of 3 meters results in a higher biomass of sorghum for feed, and the quality of the forage is still good with moderate moisture content, which is conducive to the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria during silage, thereby improving the quality and shelf life of silage.

[0045] Furthermore, the cultivation control system includes an information acquisition module, an identification and judgment module, an equipment control module, and a signal module;

[0046] The information acquisition module is used to collect information on the shading rate and image data of sorghum used for feed.

[0047] The identification and judgment module is used to receive the collected shading rate and image information of sorghum for feed, call up historical data and compare and analyze multiple regions to judge whether the height of sorghum for feed has reached the harvesting standard, and identify and analyze the image information to determine the growth status of sorghum for feed in different regions.

[0048] The equipment control module is used to control cultivation devices, drones, and vehicle-mounted irrigation equipment based on the identification and judgment information.

[0049] The signal module is used to send cutting signals.

[0050] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. By collecting the shading rate of sorghum for feed through the information collection module, and combining it with the data from previous years in the identification and judgment module and the comparative analysis of multiple regions, it is possible to accurately determine whether the height of the crop has reached the harvesting standard.

[0051] 2. The recognition and analysis of image information by the recognition and judgment module enables the system to monitor and evaluate the growth status of sorghum for feed in different areas in real time, including growth rate and health status, providing an important basis for precise management.

[0052] 3. Based on the identification and judgment information, the equipment control module automatically calls upon cultivation devices, drones, and vehicle-mounted irrigation equipment, thereby achieving precise control of the crop growth environment and effective utilization of resources, which greatly improves production efficiency and resource utilization.

[0053] 4. When the signal module detects that the sorghum for feed has reached the harvesting standard, it can promptly issue a harvesting signal to remind managers to take the next step. This timely early warning mechanism helps to avoid overripe crops or waste and ensures that crops are harvested at the optimal time. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of the sorghum cultivation control method for feed crops in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a front sectional view of the sorghum cultivation control device for feed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 3 This is an isometric view of part A of the sorghum cultivation control device for feed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 4 This is an isometric view of part B of the sorghum cultivation control device for feed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual include: 1. Solar panel; 2. Monitoring column; 3. Motor; 4. Slide chute; 5. Drive chamber; 6. Fertilizer tank; 7. First valve; 8. Delivery pipe; 9. First light source sensor; 10. Second light source sensor; 11. Sprayer head; 12. Water pump; 13. Water intake pipe; 14. Water and fertilizer tank; 15. Second valve; 16. Positioning cone; 17. Spray nozzle; 18. Water and fertilizer chamber; 19. Partition plate; 20. Soil tester; 21. Detection chamber; 22. Third valve; 23. Fourth valve; 24. Fifth valve; 25. Rainwater storage hopper; 26. Rotating rod; 27. Fixing base; 28. Monitoring camera; 29. ​​Distribution chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0060] Example 1

[0061] The basics are as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown: A sorghum cultivation control device for feed includes a cultivation control system and a monitoring column 2. The cultivation control system is signal-connected to the monitoring column 2. A solar panel 1 is bolted to the top of the monitoring column 2, and a battery is installed inside the solar panel 1. The solar panel 1 is electrically connected to the battery. A hollow positioning cone 16 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the monitoring column 2. A drive cavity 5 is opened inside the monitoring column 2. A motor 3 is fixedly connected to the top wall of the drive cavity 5. An image recognition component is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 3. The other end of the image recognition component is located outside the monitoring column 2. A conveying component is fixedly connected inside the drive cavity 5 and is located below the motor 3. A rainwater storage hopper 25 is welded to the outer wall of the monitoring column 2. A rainwater storage hopper 25 is installed on the bottom wall of the inner wall of the rainwater storage hopper 25. Equipped with a pressure sensor, the monitoring column 2 has several fifth valves 24 located near the bottom of the rainwater storage hopper 25. The rainwater storage hopper 25 is connected to the conveying assembly through the fifth valves 24. A photosensitive assembly is arranged around the outer wall of the monitoring column 2, located below the rainwater storage hopper 25. The photosensitive assembly includes a first light source sensor 9 and a second light source sensor 10 from top to bottom. The first light source sensor 9 is located at a position of 2.9 meters on the monitoring column 2, and the second light source sensor 10 is located at a position of 1.5 meters on the monitoring column 2. A water and fertilizer tank 14 is bolted around the bottom of the monitoring column 2. Several second valves 15 are located near the bottom of the water and fertilizer tank 14 on the monitoring column 2. The water and fertilizer tank 14 is connected to the conveying assembly through the second valves 15.

[0062] The image recognition component includes a rotating rod 26 and a monitoring camera 28. One end of the rotating rod 26 is sleeved on the side wall of the output shaft of the motor 3. The monitoring column 2 has a groove 4 corresponding to the movement trajectory of the rotating rod 26. The rotating rod 26 extends through the monitoring column 2 and extends outside the monitoring column 2. The end of the rotating rod 26 extending outside the monitoring column 2 is bolted to an L-shaped fixing seat 27. The fixing seat 27 is detachably connected to the monitoring camera 28.

[0063] A partition 19 is welded inside the positioning cone 16, which divides the interior of the positioning cone 16 into a water and fertilizer chamber 18 and a detection chamber 21 from top to bottom. Several spray nozzles 17 are opened on the positioning cone 16 to connect to the water and fertilizer chamber 18. A soil tester 20 is detachably connected inside the detection chamber 21. One end of the soil tester 20 is located inside the detection chamber 21, and the other end of the soil tester 20 extends through the detection chamber 21 to the outside of the bottom end of the positioning cone 16.

[0064] The conveying assembly includes, from top to bottom, a fertilizer tank 6, a conveying pipe 8, and a distributing chamber 29. The conveying pipe 8 is spiral-shaped, and a first valve 7 is fixedly connected between the top end of the conveying pipe 8 and the fertilizer tank 6. The top end of the conveying pipe 8 is connected to the first valve 7 and several fifth valves 24. Through the spiral conveying pipe 8, the rainwater in the rain storage hopper 25 and the fertilizer in the fertilizer tank 6 are mixed in the conveying pipe 8 for as long as possible when they are conveyed simultaneously. The spiral structure also makes the water and fertilizer play a stirring role in the conveying pipe 8. A fourth valve 23 is connected to the bottom end of the conveying pipe 8. The end of the fourth valve 23 away from the conveying pipe 8 is connected to the distributing chamber 29. The distributing chamber 29 is connected to the water and fertilizer tank 14 through several second valves 15. A third valve 22 is connected between the distributing chamber 29 and the water and fertilizer chamber 18.

[0065] The water and fertilizer tank 14 is equipped with several water pipes 13. One end of each water pipe 13 extends through the top wall of the water and fertilizer tank 14 to the outside. The end of each water pipe 13 located outside the water and fertilizer tank 14 is connected to a nozzle 11. Each water pipe 13 is connected to a water pump 12, which is fixedly connected to the top wall inside the water and fertilizer tank 14.

[0066] A method for controlling the cultivation of sorghum for feed includes the following steps:

[0067] Step 1, land preparation and sowing: Select sorghum soil for feed and prepare the land. Before preparing the land, deep plowing and fine harrowing are required. After applying sufficient base fertilizer, sow 4-5 sorghum seeds per hole in the soil layer 3-5cm deep from the surface, with a hole spacing of 30-40cm.

[0068] Step 2, data recording: Divide the soil into areas according to the coverage of monitoring column 2 and number them. Record the planting date of sorghum for feed. Compare the data with the growth height of sorghum for feed planted in the same season in previous years and predict the growth height of sorghum for feed planted 20 days, 50 days and 70 days after sowing this year.

[0069] Step 3, field monitoring: Install monitoring column 2 at the center of each numbered area to monitor the soil conditions and climate in each area in real time. The monitoring column 2 is connected to the cultivation control system. The cultivation control system analyzes the water and fertilizer requirements of the forage sorghum planted in the corresponding area in a timely manner through the monitoring data and controls the monitoring column 2 to carry out water and fertilizer irrigation.

[0070] Step 4, Height Monitoring: Monitoring column 2 determines the current height of the sorghum forage in the current area by measuring the shading rate, and transmits the data signal to the cultivation control system;

[0071] Step 5, Data Comparison: The growth height of the forage sorghum is transmitted to the cultivation control system through monitoring column 2. The cultivation control system compares the height data of different areas and retrieves the height data of forage sorghum in the same growth period of previous years. Areas with shading rate less than the average are monitored in a key manner. The cultivation control system obtains the information of areas with low average shading rate through an external image transmission device and feeds it back to the human operator. The external image transmission device uses a drone controlled by the cultivation control system. The drone takes pictures of the areas that need to be monitored in a key manner and transmits them to the cultivation control system. Then, the human operator judges the growth status of the forage sorghum in the target area.

[0072] Step Six, Field Management: Manually assess the growth of forage sorghum in the target area using image data obtained from external image transmission equipment. If lodging or other conditions with heights below the average are found, the monitoring column 2 is activated through the cultivation control system to perform location camera monitoring, determining the specific location of the problem within the area. The cultivation control system then controls the integrated water and fertilizer equipment to supplement fertilizer and water to the forage sorghum in the target area. The integrated water and fertilizer equipment is a vehicle-mounted irrigation device. The vehicle-mounted irrigation device is activated through the cultivation control system and moves directionally to the preset specific location given by the cultivation control system.

[0073] Step 7, Harvesting Reminder and Fertilizer Supplementation: The cultivation control system issues an early warning and harvests the fields in areas where the shading rate meets the standard. The harvesting height for fresh feed sorghum is 1.5 to 2 meters, and the harvesting height for silage sorghum is 3 meters. After harvesting, monitoring column 2 will then supplement fertilizer and water to the harvested fields.

[0074] The specific implementation process is as follows: First, the monitoring column 2 is fixed in the center of each numbered area by the positioning cone 16. The solar panel 1 is installed on the top of the monitoring column 2. The solar panel 1 converts solar energy into electrical energy to provide power for the entire device. In addition, the battery installed inside the solar panel 1 can not only store the electrical energy converted from excess solar energy, but also provide backup power for the entire device on cloudy or rainy days. A certain amount of water is added to the water-fertilizer tank 14, and fertilizer is added to the fertilizer tank 6.

[0075] When above-ground crops do not require irrigation, the soil monitoring instrument monitors the soil moisture and nutrients in real time. When the soil moisture is low, the cultivation control system opens the second valve 15 and the third valve 22. The water pre-stored in the water and fertilizer tank 14 flows into the water and fertilizer chamber 18 through the distribution chamber 29 and drips into the deep soil through the spray nozzle 17, ensuring that the soil moisture in this area is in a state suitable for the growth of forage sorghum. When the soil nutrient content is low, the cultivation control system opens the first valve 7 and the third valve 22. Fertilizer enters the distribution chamber 29 through the delivery pipe 8 and then enters the water and fertilizer chamber 18, replenishing the deep soil with nutrients through the spray nozzle 17, ensuring that the soil nutrients in this area are in a state suitable for the growth of forage sorghum.

[0076] When it rains, the rainwater in the rainwater storage hopper 25 is collected and stored. The pressure sensor at the bottom of the rainwater storage hopper 25 calculates the rainfall and transmits the signal to the cultivation control system. The rainwater in the rainwater storage hopper 25 flows into the delivery pipe 8 through the cultivation control system by opening the fifth valve 24 and the second valve 15. The fertilizer in the fertilizer tank 6 flows into the delivery pipe 8 through the cultivation control system by opening the first valve 7. The rainwater and fertilizer are further mixed in the delivery pipe 8 and then enter the water and fertilizer tank 14 to prepare for the next step. The cultivation control system determines whether the rainfall meets the water requirements for the growth cycle of the sorghum. If it does, no irrigation is needed and the rainwater will be stored in the water and fertilizer tank 14 for subsequent irrigation. If the rainfall does not meet the water requirements for the growth of the sorghum, the cultivation control system will turn on the water pump 12 after the rainfall ends to deliver the mixed water and fertilizer in the water and fertilizer tank 14 to the sprinkler head 11 to irrigate the sorghum.

[0077] When fresh feeding is required for livestock, the sorghum for feed will block the light source collection of the second light source sensor 10 at a height of 1.5 meters or above due to its growth height. The second light source sensor 10 will collect the shading rate of the corresponding area and transmit the data to the cultivation control system in a timely manner. The cultivation control system will compare the shading rate of the sorghum for feed after it reaches a height of 1.5 meters in previous years with the shading rate at a height above 1.5 meters to determine whether the sorghum for feed has reached a height of 1.5 meters. If it has, an early warning will be issued and the sorghum will be harvested for fresh feeding. If the shading rate is lower than that at a height of 1.5 meters, the cultivation control system will call on the drone to obtain image information to determine the number of the target area, and then start the motor 3 to slowly rotate so that the monitoring camera 28 in this area can monitor the surrounding sorghum for feed in detail, thereby determining the location of the problem, and then transmitting the data to the cultivation control system.

[0078] When silage needs to be prepared for livestock, the sorghum at a height of 2.9 meters or above will block the light source collection of the first light source sensor 9 at the 2.9-meter position due to its growth height. The first light source sensor 9 transmits the data of the shading rate of the corresponding area to the cultivation control system in a timely manner. The cultivation control system compares the shading rate of the sorghum at a height of 3 meters in previous years with the shading rate at a height of 2.9 meters or above to determine whether the sorghum has reached a height of 3 meters. If it has, an early warning is issued and the sorghum is harvested for silage. If the shading rate is lower than 3 meters but higher than 2.9 meters, the cultivation control system will not issue an early warning to harvest the sorghum. When the shading rate is lower than 2.9 meters, the cultivation control system calls on the drone to obtain image information to determine the number of the target area, and then starts the motor 3 to slowly rotate so that the monitoring camera 28 in this area can monitor the surrounding sorghum in detail to determine the location of the problem, and then transmits the data to the cultivation control system.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] The difference from the above embodiments is that the cultivation control system includes an information acquisition module, an identification and judgment module, an equipment control module, and a signal module;

[0081] The information acquisition module is used to collect information on the shading rate and image data of sorghum used for feed.

[0082] The identification and judgment module is used to receive the collected shading rate and image information of sorghum for feed, call up historical data and compare and analyze multiple regions to judge whether the height of sorghum for feed has reached the harvesting standard, and identify and analyze the image information to determine the growth status of sorghum for feed in different regions.

[0083] The equipment control module is used to control cultivation devices, drones, and vehicle-mounted irrigation equipment based on the identification and judgment information.

[0084] The signal module is used to send cutting signals.

[0085] The specific implementation process is as follows: The information acquisition module collects the shading rate of sorghum for feed, and combined with historical data and multi-regional comparative analysis from the identification and judgment module, it can accurately determine whether the crop height has reached the harvesting standard; the identification and judgment module's recognition and analysis of image information enables the system to monitor and evaluate the growth status of sorghum for feed in different regions in real time, including growth rate and health status, providing an important basis for precision management; the equipment control module automatically calls cultivation devices, drones, and vehicle-mounted irrigation equipment based on the identification and judgment information, realizing precise control of the crop growth environment and effective utilization of resources, greatly improving production efficiency and resource utilization; when the signal module identifies that the sorghum for feed has reached the harvesting standard, it can promptly issue a harvesting signal to remind managers to take the next step. This timely early warning mechanism helps to avoid over-ripening or waste of crops and ensures that crops are harvested at the optimal time.

[0086] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0087] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention. Commonly known structures and characteristics are not described in detail here. Those skilled in the art are aware of all common technical knowledge in the field prior to the application date or priority date, are aware of all existing technologies in that field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental methods prior to that date. Those skilled in the art can, under the guidance of this application, improve and implement this solution in combination with their own capabilities. Some typical known structures or methods should not be obstacles for those skilled in the art to implement this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention. These should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention, and will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A control device for the cultivation of sorghum for feed, characterized in that: The system includes a cultivation control system and a monitoring column (2). The cultivation control system is connected to the monitoring column (2) via signal. A solar panel (1) is fixedly connected to the top of the monitoring column (2). A storage battery is installed inside the solar panel (1) and is electrically connected to the storage battery. A hollow positioning cone (16) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the monitoring column (2). A drive cavity (5) is opened inside the monitoring column (2). A motor (3) is fixedly connected to the top wall of the drive cavity (5). An image recognition component is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor (3). The other end of the image recognition component is located outside the monitoring column (2). A conveying component is fixedly connected inside the drive cavity (5). The conveying component is located below the motor (3). A storage device is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the monitoring column (2). Rain hopper (25), a pressure sensor is installed on the bottom wall of the rain hopper (25), and several fifth valves (24) are opened on the monitoring column (2) near the bottom of the rain hopper (25). The rain hopper (25) is connected to the conveying component through the fifth valves (24). A photosensitive component is provided on the outer wall of the monitoring column (2). The photosensitive component is located below the rain hopper (25). The photosensitive component includes a first light source sensor (9) and a second light source sensor (10) from top to bottom. A water and fertilizer tank (14) is fixedly connected around the bottom of the monitoring column (2). Several second valves (15) are opened on the monitoring column (2) near the bottom of the water and fertilizer tank (14). The water and fertilizer tank (14) is connected to the conveying component through the second valves (15). The image recognition component includes a rotating rod (26) and a monitoring camera (28). One end of the rotating rod (26) is sleeved on the output shaft of the motor (3). The monitoring column (2) has a groove (4) corresponding to the movement trajectory of the rotating rod (26). The rotating rod (26) extends through the monitoring column (2) to the outside of the monitoring column (2). An L-shaped fixing seat (27) is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating rod (26) extending to the outside of the monitoring column (2). The fixing seat (27) is detachably connected to the monitoring camera (28). A partition (19) is fixedly connected inside the positioning cone (16). The partition (19) divides the interior of the positioning cone (16) into a water and fertilizer chamber (18) and a detection chamber (21) from top to bottom. Several spray nozzles (17) are opened on the positioning cone (16) to connect to the water and fertilizer chamber (18). A soil tester (20) is detachably connected inside the detection chamber (21). One end of the soil tester (20) is located inside the detection chamber (21), and the other end of the soil tester (20) extends through the detection chamber (21) to the outside of the bottom end of the positioning cone (16). The conveying assembly includes a fertilizer tank (6), a conveying pipe (8), and a distribution chamber (29) from top to bottom. The conveying pipe (8) is spiral-shaped. A first valve (7) is fixedly connected between the top end of the conveying pipe (8) and the fertilizer tank (6). The top end of the conveying pipe (8) is connected to the first valve (7) and several fifth valves (24). A fourth valve (23) is connected to the bottom end of the conveying pipe (8). The end of the fourth valve (23) away from the conveying pipe (8) is connected to the distribution chamber (29). The distribution chamber (29) is connected to the water and fertilizer tank (14) through several second valves (15). A third valve (22) is connected between the distribution chamber (29) and the water and fertilizer chamber (18).

2. The sorghum cultivation control device for feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water and fertilizer tank (14) is equipped with several water pipes (13). One end of the water pipe (13) extends through the top wall of the water and fertilizer tank (14) to the outside. The end of the water pipe (13) located outside the water and fertilizer tank (14) is connected to a nozzle (11). A water pump (12) is connected to each water pipe (13). The water pump (12) is fixedly connected to the top wall inside the water and fertilizer tank (14).

3. A method for controlling the cultivation of sorghum for feed, based on the sorghum cultivation control device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1, land preparation and sowing: Select sorghum-grade soil for land preparation. Before land preparation, deep plowing and fine harrowing are required, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied before sowing. Step 2, Data Recording: Divide and number the soil areas, record the planting date of sorghum for feed, compare the data with the growth height of sorghum for feed planted in the same season in previous years, and predict the growth height of sorghum for feed this year. Step 3, field monitoring: Install monitoring column (2) at the center of each numbered area to monitor the soil conditions and climate conditions of each area in real time. The monitoring column (2) is connected to the cultivation control system. The cultivation control system analyzes the water and fertilizer required for the forage sorghum planted in the corresponding area in a timely manner through the monitoring data and controls the monitoring column (2) to carry out water and fertilizer irrigation. Step 4, height monitoring: The monitoring column (2) collects the shading rate and transmits the data signal to the cultivation control system to determine the current height of the forage sorghum in the current area, and compares it with the predicted current growth height of the forage sorghum. Then the cultivation control system determines whether additional water and fertilizer irrigation is needed through the monitoring column (2). Step 5, data comparison: The growth height of sorghum for feed is transmitted to the cultivation control system through the monitoring column (2). The cultivation control system compares the height data of different sorghum for feed planting areas and calls up the height data of sorghum for feed in the same growth period in previous years. Areas with shading rate less than the average are monitored. The cultivation control system is equipped with an external image transmission device. The external image transmission device is used to obtain the actual situation of areas with low average shading rate and feed it back to the human. Step 6, field management: Manually use image data obtained from external image transmission equipment to determine whether the growth of sorghum in the target area is normal. If there is lodging in a certain area or other situations where the height is less than the average, the monitoring column (2) is activated through the cultivation control system to perform positioning camera monitoring to determine the specific location of the problem in the area. The cultivation control system controls the water and fertilizer integration equipment to supplement fertilizer and water to the sorghum in the target area. Step 7, Harvesting Reminder and Fertilizer Supplementation: The cultivation control system issues an early warning and harvests the fields in areas where the shading rate meets the standard. After harvesting, the monitoring column (2) then applies fertilizer and water to the harvested fields.

4. The method for controlling the cultivation of sorghum for feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step one, sow 4-5 sorghum seeds for feed per hole in the soil layer 3-5cm deep from the surface, with a hole spacing of 30-40cm.

5. The method for controlling the cultivation of sorghum for feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step two, the soil is divided into areas according to the coverage of the monitoring column (2).

6. The method for controlling the cultivation of sorghum for feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step two, the data comparison and prediction of the growth of sorghum for feed are the growth heights at 20, 50, and 70 days after sowing.

7. The method for controlling the cultivation of sorghum for feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step five, the external image transmission device is a drone controlled by the cultivation control system. The drone takes pictures of the areas that need to be monitored and transmits them to the cultivation control system. Then, the growth of sorghum for feed in the target area is judged manually.

8. The method for controlling the cultivation of sorghum for feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step six, the integrated water and fertilizer equipment is a vehicle-mounted irrigation device. The vehicle-mounted irrigation device is started through the cultivation control system and moves in a specific direction as preset by the cultivation control system.

9. The method for controlling the cultivation of sorghum for feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step seven, the sorghum for fresh feeding is cut to a height of 1.5 to 2 meters, and the sorghum for silage is cut to a height of 3 meters.

10. The method for controlling the cultivation of sorghum for feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cultivation control system includes an information acquisition module, an identification and judgment module, an equipment control module, and a signal module; The information acquisition module is used to collect information on the shading rate and image data of sorghum used for feed. The identification and judgment module is used to receive the collected shading rate and image information of sorghum for feed, call up historical data and compare and analyze multiple regions to judge whether the height of sorghum for feed has reached the harvesting standard, and identify and analyze the image information to determine the growth status of sorghum for feed in different regions. The equipment control module is used to call up the monitoring column (2), drone and vehicle-mounted irrigation equipment based on the identification and judgment information; The signal module is used to send cutting signals.

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