A process parameter optimization method and system for spatter suppression in spot ring laser welding

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the fields of new energy vehicle power batteries and laser welding-related fields, and discloses a process parameter optimization method and system for spatter suppression in point-ring laser welding. The method comprises: obtaining the relationship between the preheating temperature of the outer ring beam on the weld and the welding process parameters; establishing optimization constraints for the preheating temperature and deriving optimization constraints for the process parameters; obtaining a preset range for the process parameters; substituting the process parameter values within the preset range into the optimization constraints for the process parameters, and then combining the process parameters that meet the preheating temperature as the optimized process parameters. By optimizing the preheating temperature of the ring beam on the weld, the present invention directly regulates the key factors in spatter formation, effectively suppressing spatter generation; and by optimizing the process parameters, the stability of the welding process is improved, thereby reducing welding defects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to, but is not limited to, the field of new energy vehicle power batteries and laser welding-related technical fields, and in particular relates to a process parameter optimization method and system for spatter suppression in point-ring spot laser welding. Background Art

[0002] Laser welding technology has the characteristics of high energy density, low heat input and good flexibility and is widely used in new energy vehicles, power batteries, aerospace and marine equipment industries. However, the extremely high energy density of laser (up to 10 8 W / cm2) causes the weld metal to evaporate abnormally violently. Under the powerful recoil pressure of the metal vapor, the molten metal in the weld pool is instantly pushed open, forming a slender keyhole. The molten metal fluctuates violently, easily forming a liquid column at the opening of the keyhole. The steam shear force generated by the high-temperature (up to 6000K) and high-speed (up to 500m / s) metal vapor passing through the slender keyhole easily causes the molten metal at the top of the liquid column to break away, forming spatter. The large amount of spatter formed reduces the molten metal, resulting in welding defects such as unfilled welds and undercuts. In addition, spatter can contaminate the workpiece, and removing the spatter requires additional processes, increasing manufacturing costs and reducing production efficiency.

[0003] In recent years, spot ring laser welding has been proposed as an emerging technology, attracting widespread attention from inventors at home and abroad. The core idea of spot ring laser welding is to introduce a ring spot laser beam on the basis of laser (Gaussian spot) welding to regulate the spatial distribution of laser energy. The invention shows that spot ring laser welding technology can expand the keyhole opening, uniform temperature gradient, effectively reduce spatter and improve weld formation. However, this type of laser is relatively new and has a weak invention foundation. Although there have been a few reports on improving spatter, a systematic spatter improvement solution has not yet been formed.

[0004] In view of the above analysis, the technical problems that need to be solved urgently in the existing technology are:

[0005] (1) During the laser welding process, the extremely high energy density causes the metal to evaporate extremely violently, the welding process is unstable, and the violent fluctuations of the molten pool can easily cause spatter defects.

[0006] (2) Traditional Gaussian beams have limitations in controlling energy distribution. During Gaussian laser welding, the energy is mainly concentrated in the center of the beam, resulting in a large thermal gradient, which can easily cause instability in the welding process.

[0007] (3) The existing technology of shaped laser beams is relatively new and has a weak invention basis for application in the field of welding. Although there have been a few reports on improving spatter, a systematic spatter improvement solution has not yet been formed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a process parameter optimization method and system for spatter suppression in spot ring laser welding.

[0009] The present invention is achieved by providing a method for optimizing process parameters for suppressing spatter in spot-ring laser welding, which is characterized in that the method for optimizing process parameters for suppressing spatter in spot-ring laser welding specifically comprises:

[0010] S1: Obtain the relationship between the preheating temperature of the outer ring beam on the weld and the welding process parameters;

[0011] S2: Establishing the optimization constraint conditions of the preheating temperature and deriving the optimization constraint conditions of the process parameters; obtaining the preset range of the process parameters;

[0012] S3: Substituting the process parameter values within the preset range into the optimization constraints of the process parameters, and combining the process parameters that meet the constraints into the optimized process parameters.

[0013] Furthermore, the process parameters include total laser power, ring power ratio, and welding speed.

[0014] The heat required to heat an object can be calculated as follows:

[0015] Q=cm(T-T0) (1)

[0016] Among them, Q (J) is the heat that needs to be absorbed to heat the object, c (J / kg*K) is the specific heat capacity, m (kg) is the mass, T (K) and T0 (K) are the heating temperature and initial temperature respectively.

[0017] The relationship between the preheating temperature of the ring beam on the weld and the process parameters is:

[0018]

[0019] or

[0020]

[0021] P total (W) is the total laser power, R ring is the ring power ratio, A front (m 2 ) Ring beam front end preheating area, A ring (m 2 ) is the total area of the ring, k is the absorption rate of solid aluminum alloy to laser, d ring (mm) is the ring width, v (mm / s) is the welding speed, ρ (kg / m 3 ) is the material density, s(m) is the thickness of the preheated material. Therefore, the following formula can be derived:

[0022]

[0023] The optimization constraints for the temperature are:

[0024]

[0025] That is, the optimization constraints of the process parameters are:

[0026]

[0027] Furthermore, the preset range of the process parameters is obtained according to the working range of each parameter of the welding system or the process requirements.

[0028] Furthermore, the process parameter values are input into the optimization constraints. When the process parameter values satisfy the optimization constraints, they are retained; otherwise, they are discarded and the next set of process parameters is verified.

[0029] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for optimizing process parameters for spatter suppression in spot ring laser welding based on the method for optimizing process parameters for spatter suppression in spot ring laser welding. The system for optimizing process parameters for spatter suppression in spot ring laser welding comprises:

[0030] Parameter acquisition module, used to obtain the relationship between the preheating temperature of the outer ring beam on the weld and the welding process parameters;

[0031] A condition establishment module is used to establish the optimization constraint conditions of the preheating temperature and derive the optimization constraint conditions of the process parameters; and is used to obtain the preset range of the process parameters;

[0032] The condition optimization module substitutes the process parameter values within the preset range into the optimization constraint conditions of the process parameters, and satisfies the process parameter combination to form the optimized process parameters.

[0033] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0034] First, in view of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and the difficulty of solving these problems, this paper closely combines the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention and the results and data during the research and development process, and analyzes in detail and in depth how the technical solutions of the present invention solve the technical problems and some creative technical effects brought about by solving the problems. The specific description is as follows:

[0035] Significant spatter suppression effect: The present invention significantly reduces spatter defects during welding by optimizing process parameters, thereby improving the quality and reliability of welded joints. Starting from the preheating degree of the weld by the ring beam, the present invention uses the preheating temperature of the weld by the ring spot laser as an indicator to characterize spatter, and establishes a correlation between the preheating temperature and the process parameters to be optimized. By constraining the preheating temperature, the process parameters are constrained, and multiple sets of better process parameters are obtained, which can be directly used in engineering applications to achieve precise control of welding parameters and ultimately achieve low / no spatter welding. Point ring spot laser welding is different from single laser welding. The addition of the ring beam can effectively adjust the spatial energy distribution of the laser to achieve the effect of preheating the front end of the weld; and the reduction of the temperature gradient helps to reduce the surface tension gradient, which is conducive to the smooth flow of the fluid and is not conducive to the formation of a liquid column; at the same time, the point ring laser shows advantages in expanding the keyhole opening and reducing the collapse of the keyhole, which is conducive to the smooth escape of metal vapor, reducing the vapor shear force, and further suppressing spatter.

[0036] Improved welding efficiency: By precisely controlling process parameters, the present invention not only improves welding quality but also helps to improve welding efficiency.

[0037] Wide Applicability: The method's optimized steps and standardized measurement methods make it widely applicable to welding different types of materials, demonstrating its high practicality and universality. This method eliminates the need for extensive process testing to obtain process parameters that minimize spatter. This method can be used to optimize process parameters, offering simple operation and significantly shortening the process design cycle.

[0038] Systematic Process Parameter Optimization: This invention provides a systematic process parameter optimization method that can be adjusted and optimized according to specific application requirements, providing a more flexible and efficient welding process option. By flexibly adjusting the power ratio of the central Gaussian beam and the outer ring beam without the need for complex external tooling, it significantly reduces the spatter problem caused by high-speed laser welding, providing a reference for high-quality laser welding.

[0039] Second, the technical solution of the present invention includes a set of systematic spatter improvement solutions during laser welding, which effectively improves the prominent problem of spatter defects in laser welding and fills the invention gap of spatter system improvement solutions in point-ring spot laser welding.

[0040] Third, the technical solution of the present invention solves the existing problem of spatter generated during laser welding. This problem, particularly in the welding of aluminum alloys, not only affects weld quality but also damages surrounding equipment and the working environment. Existing technology has difficulty effectively suppressing spatter through traditional welding parameter adjustments, especially on materials with high reflectivity and thermal conductivity, such as aluminum alloys.

[0041] Technical Issue: Existing laser welding processes for highly reflective materials (such as aluminum alloys) are prone to spatter, which affects weld quality and reduces welding efficiency. Traditional process parameter adjustments make it difficult to precisely control the temperature distribution in the weld area, which can easily lead to surface defects and spatter.

[0042] Significant technological advancements:

[0043] 1. Significant spatter suppression effect: The present invention significantly reduces spatter defects in the aluminum alloy welding process by optimizing process parameters, thereby improving the quality and reliability of the welded joint.

[0044] 2. Precise control of process parameters: By establishing optimized constraints for process parameters, we precisely adjust parameters such as total laser power, ring power ratio, and welding speed to ensure process stability and repeatability. This precise control improves weld quality, avoids spatter, and reduces subsequent secondary processing costs.

[0045] 3. Wide applicability: The present invention is not only suitable for welding aluminum alloy materials, but can also be applied to other metal materials with high reflectivity or high thermal conductivity, such as copper and magnesium alloys, and has broad industrial application prospects.

[0046] Through the technical solution of the present invention, the welding process is more stable, the spatter phenomenon is significantly reduced, and the weld quality is significantly improved, achieving a dual improvement in welding efficiency and quality. It is particularly suitable for high-precision manufacturing fields such as aviation, automobiles, and electronics.

[0047] Fourth, by introducing a mathematical model, this invention addresses the existing challenges of optimizing laser welding process parameters. This is particularly true when welding highly reflective materials like aluminum alloys. Conventional processes struggle to effectively suppress spatter, leading to unstable weld quality. Prior art welding parameter adjustment often relies on empirical experience, lacking scientific quantitative methods. This makes it difficult to precisely control the temperature distribution in the weld area, leading to issues such as spatter and uneven welds.

[0048] Existing technical problems solved:

[0049] 1. Spatter is difficult to suppress during welding: Traditional welding processes cannot effectively control the welding temperature distribution, especially on high thermal conductivity materials such as aluminum alloys. A large amount of spatter will be generated during welding, affecting the weld formation and reducing welding efficiency.

[0050] 2. Difficulty in optimizing process parameters: In existing laser welding technology, there is a lack of a unified mathematical model to quantify the relationship between preheating temperature and process parameters (such as laser power, welding speed, ring power ratio, etc.). As a result, parameter adjustment mainly relies on experience, making it difficult to accurately control welding quality.

[0051] Mathematical model solution:

[0052] This paper addresses this issue by establishing a mathematical model linking the preheat temperature and welding process parameters for spot-ring laser welding. This model integrates welding parameters with the physical heat transfer process, quantifying the preheat temperature at the front end of the ring-to-weld joint during welding, thereby enabling precise optimization of process parameters.

[0053] 1. Relationship model between preheating temperature and process parameters:

[0054] The present invention establishes the relationship between the preheating temperature and the total laser power, the ring power ratio, the welding speed and the physical properties of the material through formulas (2), (3) and (4).

[0055] By optimizing the constraint conditions (Formulas (5) and (6)), the process parameter combination that meets the preheating temperature requirements is accurately calculated to ensure that the preheating temperature of the front end of the ring-to-weld during the welding process is controlled within the optimal range for spatter suppression.

[0056] 2. Precise control of process parameters:

[0057] By using this mathematical model, the optimal combination of process parameters can be calculated through simulation during the process design phase, thereby reducing on-site debugging time and lowering production costs.

[0058] By optimizing parameters such as laser power, welding speed, and ring power ratio, the front end of the weld is preheated, spattering caused by the sudden increase in laser absorption after the aluminum alloy reaches its melting point is reduced, and the weld quality is improved.

[0059] Significant technological advancements:

[0060] 1. Accurately control the preheating temperature and reduce spatter: By optimizing the welding parameters through the model, the preheating temperature can be precisely controlled, significantly reducing welding spatter and improving welding stability and quality.

[0061] 2. Improve welding efficiency and quality: This invention realizes scientific optimization of process parameters through mathematical models, reduces dependence on experience-based parameter adjustment, ensures the repeatability and consistency of the welding process, significantly improves weld quality, and meets the requirements of high-precision manufacturing.

[0062] 3. Wide applicability: This mathematical model is not only suitable for the welding of aluminum alloy materials, but can also be applied to other highly reflective and highly thermally conductive materials such as copper and magnesium alloys. It realizes the optimization of welding processes for different materials and has broad industrial application prospects.

[0063] Through the mathematical model of the present invention, the optimization of laser welding process parameters is more scientific and accurate, the welding process is more stable, and the problems of spatter suppression and process parameter optimization in the prior art are solved, thereby significantly improving welding efficiency and quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a process parameter optimization method for spatter suppression in spot ring laser welding provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spot ring laser welding provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the preheating effect of the ring laser on the workpiece to be welded and the definition of related parameters provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 4 This is a specific flow chart of a process parameter optimization method for spatter suppression in spot ring laser welding provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 5 1. It is a schematic structural diagram of a system for optimizing process parameters for spatter suppression in spot-ring laser welding provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 6 This is a welding defect diagram in the spot ring spot laser welding provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 7A Schematic diagram of pure Gaussian spot laser welding process parameters after welding provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 7B This is a schematic diagram of welding under the process parameter b combination of the common design provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 7C It is a schematic diagram of welding under the optimized process parameter c combination provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0074] Example 1: Laser welding of aluminum alloy structural parts

[0075] In the field of new energy vehicle power batteries, welding aluminum alloy structural components is a key process. To reduce spatter during welding and improve weld quality, a spot-ring laser welding technology is used, and process parameters are optimized to suppress spatter.

[0076] Material: Aluminum alloy sheet with a thickness of 1mm (such as Al 1060).

[0077] Process parameters:

[0078] The total laser power is 3000W;

[0079] The ring power accounts for 40%;

[0080] The welding speed is 200 mm / s.

[0081] According to the physical properties of 1060 aluminum alloy, the preheating temperature range of the ring beam weld is 600K~2460K. According to the above formulas (2), (3), (4), (5), and (7), P is converted to total R ring By adjusting the process parameter combination, the temperature of the aluminum alloy is controlled within the range that avoids splashing.

[0082] The optimized process parameters effectively reduce spattering, stabilize weld quality, and meet the high requirements for welding efficiency and quality in automobile manufacturing. They are particularly suitable for automated welding production lines.

[0083] This embodiment demonstrates the successful application of the present invention in aluminum alloy welding. By optimizing the process parameters of spot ring spot laser welding, the spatter suppression effect is achieved, and the quality and efficiency of welding are guaranteed. It is suitable for multiple industrial fields such as new energy vehicle power batteries.

[0084] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a process parameter optimization method for spatter suppression in spot ring laser welding, which specifically includes:

[0085] S1, obtain the relationship between the preheating temperature of the outer ring beam on the weld and the welding process parameters;

[0086] S2, establishing the optimization constraint conditions of the preheating temperature and deriving the optimization constraint conditions of the process parameters; obtaining the preset range of the process parameters;

[0087] S3, substituting the process parameter values within the preset range into the optimization constraint conditions, and then combining the process parameters that meet the preheating temperature into the optimized process parameters.

[0088] The process parameter optimization method for spatter suppression in spot-ring laser welding provided by the present invention achieves effective spatter suppression by analyzing and optimizing the relationship between the preheating temperature of the outer ring beam and the welding process parameters during welding. Its detailed working principle is divided into the following steps:

[0089] Step S1: Obtain the relationship between the preheating temperature of the outer ring beam on the weld and the welding process parameters

[0090] First, through experiments or simulations, the preheating temperature of the weld seam using the outer ring beam is measured under different process parameters (such as laser power, spot size, and welding speed). The preheating temperature of the outer ring beam directly affects the heat distribution in the weld seam and the degree of material melting, thereby affecting the aluminum alloy's laser absorptivity and ultimately the spattering phenomenon during welding. By experimenting with different combinations of process parameters, a functional model of the preheating temperature and process parameters is established. These parameters include but are not limited to laser power, welding speed, and spot diameter.

[0091] Step S2: Establish the optimization constraints of the preheating temperature and derive the optimization constraints of the process parameters

[0092] Next, based on the melting and boiling points of the materials to be welded, optimization constraints for the preheating temperature are set. The goal is to control the preheating temperature of the outer ring beam at the front end of the weld to be above the melting point and below the boiling point, while ensuring weld quality. This prevents both the molten pool oscillation caused by the sudden change in laser absorptivity when the aluminum alloy reaches its melting point, and the instability caused by the formation of small holes after the aluminum alloy is heated to its boiling point. The core of this step is to set reasonable constraints and derive the optimization constraints for the process parameters, so that subsequent optimization parameters can be optimized while meeting actual welding requirements.

[0093] Step S3: Obtaining the preset range of process parameters

[0094] In this step, you determine the preset ranges for the welding process parameters. These ranges are defined based on the welding equipment's hardware and capabilities, material properties, and process requirements. These ranges form the basis for subsequent calculations and analysis during the optimization process.

[0095] Step S4: Substitute the optimization constraints of process parameters

[0096] Substitute the preset ranges of process parameters obtained in step S3 into the process parameter optimization constraints set in step S2, and mathematically analyze whether these process parameter combinations can meet the preset temperature optimization constraints. Through substitution and calculation, a series of process parameter combinations that meet the constraints can be obtained.

[0097] Step S5: Screening the optimized process parameter combination

[0098] After calculation, multiple process parameter combinations that meet the constraints are screened. In this step, the optimal combination of process parameters can be selected based on different priorities, such as the one that effectively controls spatter while also improving welding speed and efficiency. Furthermore, by comparing the preheat temperatures of different combinations, further optimization can be performed to select the optimal welding process parameters.

[0099] Step S6: Apply the optimized process parameters for welding

[0100] Finally, the optimized process parameter combination was used for actual welding operations. In practice, by controlling the preheating temperature of the outer ring beam, ensuring that the preheating temperature of the outer ring beam at the front end of the weld is controlled above the melting point and below the boiling point, this not only avoids the molten pool oscillation caused by the sudden change in the laser absorption rate of the aluminum alloy at the melting point, but also avoids the instability caused by the formation of small holes after the aluminum alloy is heated to the boiling point, thereby effectively suppressing the generation of spatter and improving welding quality and efficiency.

[0101] Through this optimization method, various parameters in the welding process can be accurately adjusted, making the welding process more stable and controllable, reducing welding spatter and improving the overall quality of the weld.

[0102] The process parameters include laser power, welding speed, and spot-ring laser power ratio.

[0103] In the embodiment of the present invention, the basic physical equation (7) for the heat absorption of a reference object is:

[0104] Q=cm(T-T0) (7)

[0105] Where Q(J) is the amount of heat to be absorbed, c(J / kg*K) is the specific heat capacity, m(kg) is the mass, T(K) and T0(K) are the heating temperature and initial temperature, respectively.

[0106] The relationship between preheating temperature and welding process parameters is as follows:

[0107]

[0108] or

[0109]

[0110] P total (W) is the total laser power, R ring is the ring power ratio, A front (m 2 ) Ring beam front end preheating area, A ring (m 2) is the total area of the ring, kk is the absorption rate of solid aluminum alloy to laser, d ring (mm) is the ring width, v (mm / s) is the welding speed, ρ (kg / m 3 ) is the material density, and s(m) is the thickness of the preheated piece.

[0111] Therefore, the following formula can be derived:

[0112]

[0113] The optimization constraints for the temperature are:

[0114]

[0115] That is, the optimization constraints of the process parameters are:

[0116]

[0117] like Figure 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a spatter suppression process parameter optimization system in spot ring laser welding, specifically comprising:

[0118] Parameter acquisition module, used to obtain the relationship between the preheating temperature of the outer ring beam on the weld and the welding process parameters;

[0119] A condition establishment module is used to establish the optimization constraint conditions of the preheating temperature and derive the optimization constraint conditions of the process parameters; and is used to obtain the preset range of the process parameters;

[0120] The condition optimization module substitutes the process parameter values within the preset range into the optimization constraints, and the process parameter combination that meets the preheating temperature is the optimized process parameter. The spatter suppression process parameter optimization system for spot ring laser welding provided by the embodiment of the present invention achieves the optimization of process parameters for spatter suppression during the welding process through the synergistic effect of three modules. The following is the detailed working principle of the system:

[0121] 1. Parameter acquisition and analysis

[0122] First, the system uses the parameter acquisition module to collect information about the relationship between the preheating temperature of the weld seam and the welding process parameters during welding. The preheating effect of the outer ring beam directly affects the temperature distribution of the weld seam, which indirectly affects spatter. Therefore, by collecting information about how the preheating temperature changes with different process parameters (such as laser power and welding speed), it provides the necessary basic data for subsequent process parameter optimization.

[0123] 2. Establishment of optimization constraints

[0124] After determining the relationship between preheat temperature and process parameters, the condition-building module further analyzes the conditions that cause spattering and uses this information to establish optimization constraints for the preheat temperature. By deriving the preheat temperature range that meets spatter suppression requirements, the module also derives the optimization constraints for the process parameters. Furthermore, the module establishes a preset range for each process parameter to ensure that the optimization results are within the controllable range of the actual welding process, providing reasonable boundary conditions for the system's optimization process.

[0125] 3. Parameter combination optimization

[0126] The Condition Optimization module receives and applies the established optimization constraints, screening different process parameter combinations within a preset range. Specifically, the module substitutes each process parameter value into the optimization constraint for the preheat temperature to determine whether it meets the spatter suppression requirements. Only when the process parameter combination meets the preheat temperature requirements is it considered the optimized process parameter output, ensuring effective spatter suppression during the welding process.

[0127] 4. Output optimization results and application feedback

[0128] The system ultimately outputs a combination of process parameters that meets the optimization constraints and applies them to the welding process. Through practical application testing of these optimized process parameters, their effectiveness in spatter suppression is verified, and a feedback mechanism is used to adjust and improve the parameter optimization results. This closed-loop optimization process enables the system to gradually improve welding quality and provide more accurate data support for spatter suppression in subsequent welding processes.

[0129] The welding defects in the spot ring laser welding are shown in the figure Figure 6 shown.

[0130] In the present invention, given the physical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy c = 1050 J / kg*K, ρ = 2660 kg / m³, and the laser parameters outer ring diameter 0.87 mm, inner ring diameter 0.34 mm, ring width d = 0.265 mm, and k = 5%, the empirical value of the preheating thickness s is 0.5 mm, as determined by experimental results. Therefore, the following constraints can be derived:

[0131] 31.9≤P Total R ring / v≤131 (13)

[0132] The preset range of the process parameters can be obtained. Specifically, the range of the process parameters can be roughly selected according to the reachable range of the welding equipment or the range required in the actual operation process. In this way, the variation range of the point laser power can be roughly obtained as [P min , P max ]、Welding speed variation range is [vmin , v max ], the change range of the ring power ratio is [R min , R max ].

[0133] The points in the above variation range are gradually substituted into the above optimization constraints in an interpolation manner. The parameter combinations that meet the above constraints are retained. Otherwise, the group of parameters is discarded and the verification calculation of the next group of parameters is performed. In this way, a better process parameter combination can be screened out from the above rough selection range. The next time it is used, it can be directly selected from the optimal process parameters, which is simple and convenient.

[0134] A set of parameters for pure Gaussian spot laser welding experimental design was randomly selected, for example, parameter a: power of 4500W, welding speed of 40mm / s, and ring power ratio of 10:0. A set of parameters for ordinary experimental design was randomly selected, parameter b: power of 5500W, welding speed of 40mm / s, and ring power ratio of 20%; a set of optimized experimental design parameters was selected according to the present invention, parameter c: power of 5900W, welding speed of 40mm / s, and ring power ratio of 60%; welding tests were carried out respectively, and the weld surface formation was as follows Figures 7A to 7C The experimental results show that the spatter of the weld with the process parameters optimized by this method is significantly less than that with the process parameters of the ordinary experimental design.

[0135] The above method steps only list the process of designing process parameters for achieving low-spatter / no-spatter welding of 6061 aluminum alloy. In fact, the method of the present invention is also applicable to process design for other materials, such as when the welding base material is steel.

[0136] In summary, the present invention starts from the preheating degree of the ring beam on the weld, uses the preheating temperature as a correlation index to characterize spatter, takes the preheating degree as a spatter evaluation index, and establishes a relationship between the preheating temperature and the process parameters to be optimized. By controlling the constraint conditions of the preheating temperature, the constraints of the process parameters are realized, and then multiple sets of better process parameters are obtained, which can be directly used in engineering applications to achieve precise control of the process parameters, ultimately achieving low-sputter welding, and significantly improving welding quality and efficiency.

[0137] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion can be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portion can be stored in a memory and executed by an appropriate instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or dedicated design hardware. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-mentioned devices and methods can be implemented using computer-executable instructions and / or contained in processor control code, for example, such as a carrier medium such as a disk, CD or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as a read-only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The devices and modules of the present invention can be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large-scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., can also be implemented by software executed by various types of processors, or can be implemented by a combination of the above-mentioned hardware circuits and software, such as firmware.

[0138] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process parameter optimization method for spatter suppression in spot ring laser welding, characterized in that: The method specifically includes: S1: Obtain the relationship between the preheating temperature of the outer ring beam on the weld and the welding process parameters; S2: establishing the optimization constraint conditions of the preheating temperature, and deriving the optimization constraint conditions of the process parameters, and obtaining the preset range of the process parameters; S3: Substituting the process parameter values within the preset range into the optimization constraint conditions of the process parameters, and then combining the process parameters that meet the preheating temperature as the optimized process parameters; The process parameters include total laser power, ring power ratio, and welding speed. The heat required for the object to heat up can be calculated as follows: Q=cm(T-T0) (1) Where Q(J) is the amount of heat to be absorbed, c(J / kg*K) is the specific heat capacity, m(kg) is the mass, T(K) and T0(K) are the heating temperature and initial temperature respectively; The relationship between the preheating temperature of the ring beam on the weld and the process parameters is: or P total (W) is the total laser power, R ring is the ring power ratio, A front (m 2 ) Ring beam front end preheating area, A ring (m 2 ) is the total area of the ring, k is the absorption rate of solid aluminum alloy to laser, d ring (mm) is the ring width, v (mm / s) is the welding speed, ρ (kg / m 3 ) is the material density, s(m) is the thickness of the preheated material; Therefore, the following formula can be derived: The optimization constraints for the temperature are: That is, the optimization constraints of the process parameters are:

2. The process parameter optimization method for spatter suppression in spot ring laser welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset range of the process parameters is obtained according to the working range of each parameter of the welding system or the process requirements.

3. The process parameter optimization method for spatter suppression in spot ring laser welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process parameter values are input into the optimization constraints. When the process parameter values meet the optimization constraints, they are retained; otherwise, they are discarded and the next set of process parameters is verified.

4. A system based on the process parameter optimization method for spatter suppression of spot ring laser welding according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The system specifically includes: A data acquisition module is used to obtain the relationship between the preheating temperature of the outer ring beam on the weld and the welding process parameters; Constraint establishment module, used to set the optimization constraints of preheating temperature according to welding requirements and derive the optimization constraints of process parameters; The parameter optimization module is used to substitute the preset range of process parameters into the optimization constraints and generate a process parameter combination that meets the preheating temperature as the optimized process parameters.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein: The data acquisition module is further used to obtain welding process parameters such as laser power, welding speed, spot diameter, etc., and establish a relationship model between these process parameters and the outer ring beam preheating temperature through experiments or simulations.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein: The parameter optimization module analyzes the process parameter combination through simulation or numerical calculation methods, and selects the optimal process parameter combination that meets the preheating temperature optimization constraint conditions for use in actual welding operations to suppress welding spatter and improve weld quality.

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