Novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer for corn and preparation method of novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a novel high-phosphorus carbon-based fertilizer special for corn and a preparation method of the novel high-phosphorus carbon-based fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers special for corn. The invention provides a novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer for corn. The novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of a high-phosphorus raw material, 5-15 parts of charcoal, 10-20 parts of potassium sulfate and 5-15 parts of a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. According to the invention, by adding the high-phosphorus raw material and combining the biomass charcoal, the loss speed of phosphorus after being applied into soil is slowed down and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved by utilizing the characteristics of abundant gaps, strong adsorption capacity and the like of the biomass charcoal while supplementing the insufficient phosphorus.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of special fertilizers for corn, and in particular to a novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer for corn and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Conventional fertilization techniques in corn production often require one base fertilizer and 1 to 3 topdressings. Since the fertilization process is cumbersome and it is difficult to master the technical points, there are often problems such as improper fertilizer management and unscientific nutrient ratios, which often cause premature aging, greed for green, and lodging, resulting in high agricultural costs and serious losses. The current utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers for major grain crops are 30% to 35%, 10% to 20%, and 35% to 50%, respectively, which are also significantly low. Therefore, the rational application of fertilizers and the improvement of fertilizer utilization efficiency are one of the important measures to improve the quality and efficiency of corn production and achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer for corn and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the current problems of widespread phosphorus deficiency, easy loss and low fertilizer utilization rate. At the same time, high-phosphorus industrial by-products are reasonably utilized to prepare high-phosphorus special fertilizer for corn, thereby expanding the scope of use of industrial by-products.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The invention provides a novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer for corn, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of high-phosphorus raw materials, 5-15 parts of biochar, 10-20 parts of potassium sulfate, and 5-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.

[0006] Preferably, the high-phosphorus raw material is an industrial byproduct of high phosphorus, NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O ratio is 3~4:40~45:1~2.

[0007] Preferably, the biochar preparation method is: after the straw is crushed, the temperature is raised to 450°C to 550°C under nitrogen protection and kept warm for 1 to 1.5 hours, and then the temperature is further raised to 700 to 800°C and kept warm for 2 to 3 hours to obtain the biochar.

[0008] Preferably, the mesh size of the pulverized straw is 60 to 80 meshes, and the heating rate is 6 to 8°C / min.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer for corn, comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) urea, high-phosphorus raw materials, biochar, potassium sulfate, and calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer are crushed, mixed, placed in a disc granulator, and a binder aqueous solution is sprayed into the mixture while stirring to obtain fertilizer granules;

[0011] (2) The fertilizer particles are sieved, and the fertilizer particles between 5 and 10 meshes are taken out for drying to obtain a granular novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer for corn.

[0012] Preferably, the particle size of the urea, high-phosphorus raw material, biochar, potassium sulfate, and calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer after crushing is 60 to 80 meshes.

[0013] Preferably, the stirring speed is 35 to 55 r / min.

[0014] Preferably, the binder is a corn starch binder, and the amount of the binder is 0.3-0.5% of the total mass of the urea, high-phosphorus raw material, biochar, potassium sulfate, and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. The amount of water in the binder aqueous solution is calculated so that the moisture content of the material reaches 12-15%.

[0015] Preferably, the drying temperature is 60-70° C. and the drying time is 4-6 hours.

[0016] The present invention adds high phosphorus raw material (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=3~4:40~45:1~2), combined with biochar, it can not only supplement the lack of phosphorus, but also use the rich pores and strong adsorption capacity of biochar to slow down the loss rate of phosphorus after being applied to the soil and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. At the same time, compared with adding ordinary phosphate fertilizer (diammonium phosphate, nitrogen (N) 18%, phosphorus (P 2 O 5 )46%), it can significantly improve the growth traits of corn and increase corn yield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1

[0019] Weigh 45kg urea, 20kg high-phosphorus raw material, 10kg biochar, 15kg potassium sulfate, and 10kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.

[0020] 1. Preparation of nitrogen and potassium raw materials: Use a micro-crusher to crush and grind urea (nitrogen content is 46.4%) and potassium sulfate (potassium oxide content is 50%), pass through an 80-mesh sieve, put the powder materials into bags, and seal them (grind them before use).

[0021] 2. High phosphorus raw materials: an industrial raw material (provided by Zhengda Fertilizer Co., Ltd.), NP 2 O 5 -K 2 The ratio of O is 3.52:41.95:1.4. Grind it through a 80-mesh sieve and set aside the material under the sieve.

[0022] 3. Preparation of biochar: The rice straw was crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve. The sieve was placed in a tubular furnace and heated to 500°C at a rate of 7°C / min under nitrogen protection and maintained at this temperature for 1 hour. The temperature was then raised to 750°C at the same rate and maintained for 2.5 hours. After cooling to room temperature (25°C), the mixture was ground and passed through an 80-mesh sieve for later use.

[0023] 4. Selection of granulation fillers: Use calcium magnesium phosphate as filler. Calcium magnesium phosphate is easy to form large lumps. Grind it through an 80-mesh sieve when using.

[0024] 5. Preparation of granulation binder: When aldehyde compounds are used as cross-linking agents, starch undergoes cross-linking reaction:

[0025] 120g of edible corn starch was placed in a 1L glass beaker, 1000ml of cold water was added, and the mixture was dispersed into a slurry with a stirrer, the pH was adjusted to 2.5 with dilute sulfuric acid, and the mixture was heated to 95°C in a water bath for gelatinization for 1 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature (25°C), 8mL of 40% industrial formaldehyde solution was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30min to carry out a preliminary cross-linking reaction, and then the temperature was raised to 50°C, and the reaction was continued for 2h, and the pH was adjusted to about 7 with NaOH or ammonia water (sodium hydroxide solution used in this embodiment). The prepared granulation binder is soluble in water and can be directly diluted with warm water while stirring when used.

[0026] 6. Disc granulator granulation: According to the above ratio, the ground and sieved urea, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, biochar and high phosphorus raw materials are mixed and added to the disc, the disc tilt angle (50°) and the rotation speed (45r / min) are adjusted, and the diluted binder aqueous solution is sprayed onto the material in the disc with a high-pressure sprayer, and stirred while spraying. After stirring evenly, disc granulation is performed. Among them, the amount of binder aqueous solution added is calculated based on the water content of the disc granulator material of 13%, and the amount of binder used is 0.4% of the weight of the material.

[0027] 7. Fertilizer granule screening and drying: After 30 minutes of disc granulation, the fertilizer granules prepared by the disc granulator are continuously passed through 5-mesh and 10-mesh sieves, and the fertilizer granules obtained on the 10-mesh sieve (under the 5-mesh sieve) are spread on a tray, and then the tray is placed in a constant temperature blast drying oven at 65°C for drying for 5 hours. The large particles on the 5-mesh sieve and the small particles under the 10-mesh sieve are collected and returned to the disc granulator for re-processing and granulation, and the process of adding materials-spraying-stirring is repeated.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] Weigh 40kg urea, 15kg high-phosphorus raw material, 15kg biochar, 20kg potassium sulfate, and 10kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.

[0030] 1. Preparation of nitrogen and potassium raw materials: Use a micro-crusher to crush and grind urea (nitrogen content is 46.4%) and potassium sulfate (potassium oxide content is 50%), pass through an 80-mesh sieve, put the powder materials into bags, and seal them (grind them before use).

[0031] 2. High phosphorus raw materials: an industrial raw material, NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O ratio is 3.52:41.95:1.4, grind through 80 mesh sieve.

[0032] 3. Preparation of biochar: The rice straw was crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve. The sieve was placed in a tubular furnace and heated to 450°C at a rate of 6°C / min under nitrogen protection. The temperature was maintained for 1.5 hours. The temperature was then raised to 700°C at the same rate and maintained for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature (25°C), the mixture was ground and passed through an 80-mesh sieve for later use.

[0033] 4. Selection of granulation fillers: Use calcium magnesium phosphate as filler. Calcium magnesium phosphate is easy to form large lumps. Grind it through an 80-mesh sieve when using.

[0034] 5. Preparation of granulation binder: When aldehyde compounds are used as cross-linking agents, starch undergoes cross-linking reaction:

[0035] 120g of edible corn starch was placed in a 1L glass beaker, 1000ml of cold water was added, and the mixture was dispersed into a slurry with a stirrer, the pH was adjusted to 2.0 with dilute sulfuric acid, and the mixture was heated to 95°C in a water bath for gelatinization for 1 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature (25°C), 8mL of 40% industrial formaldehyde solution was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30min to carry out a preliminary cross-linking reaction, and then the temperature was raised to 50°C, and the reaction was continued for 2h, and the pH was adjusted to about 7 with NaOH or ammonia water (sodium hydroxide solution used in this embodiment). The prepared granulation binder is soluble in water and can be directly diluted with warm water while stirring when used.

[0036] 6. Disc granulator granulation: According to the above ratio, the ground and sieved urea, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, biochar and high phosphorus raw materials are mixed and added to the disc, the disc tilt angle (40°) and the rotation speed (35r / min) are adjusted, and the diluted binder aqueous solution is sprayed onto the material in the disc with a high-pressure sprayer, and stirred while spraying. After stirring evenly, disc granulation is performed. Among them, the amount of binder aqueous solution added is calculated based on the water content of the disc granulator material of 12%, and the amount of binder used is 0.3% of the weight of the material.

[0037] 7. Fertilizer granule screening and drying: After 20 minutes of disc granulation, the fertilizer granules prepared by the disc granulator are continuously passed through 5-mesh and 10-mesh sieves, and the fertilizer granules obtained on the 10-mesh sieve (under the 5-mesh sieve) are spread on a tray, and then the tray is placed in a constant temperature blast drying oven at 65°C for drying. The large particles on the 5-mesh sieve and the small particles under the 10-mesh sieve are collected and returned to the disc granulator for re-processing and granulation, and the process of adding materials-spraying-stirring is repeated.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] Weigh 35kg urea, 18kg high-phosphorus raw material, 15kg biochar, 20kg potassium sulfate, and 12kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.

[0040] 1. Preparation of nitrogen and potassium raw materials: Use a micro-crusher to crush and grind urea (nitrogen content is 46.4%) and potassium sulfate (potassium oxide content is 50%), pass through an 80-mesh sieve, put the powder materials into bags, and seal them (grind them before use).

[0041] 2. High phosphorus raw materials: an industrial raw material, NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O ratio is 3.52:41.95:1.4, grind through 80 mesh sieve.

[0042] 3. Preparation of biochar: The rice straw was crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve. The sieve was placed in a tubular furnace and heated to 550°C at a rate of 8°C / min under nitrogen protection and maintained at this temperature for 1.5 hours. The temperature was then raised to 800°C at the same rate and maintained for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature (25°C), the mixture was ground and passed through an 80-mesh sieve for later use.

[0043] 4. Selection of granulation fillers: Use calcium magnesium phosphate as filler. Calcium magnesium phosphate is easy to form large lumps. Grind it through an 80-mesh sieve when using.

[0044] 5. Preparation of granulation binder: When aldehyde compounds are used as cross-linking agents, starch undergoes cross-linking reaction:

[0045] 120g of edible corn starch was placed in a 1L glass beaker, 1000ml of cold water was added, and the mixture was dispersed into a slurry with a stirrer, the pH was adjusted to 3.0 with dilute sulfuric acid, and the mixture was heated to 95°C in a water bath for gelatinization for 1 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature (25°C), 8mL of 40% industrial formaldehyde solution was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30min to carry out a preliminary cross-linking reaction, and then the temperature was raised to 50°C, and the reaction was continued for 2h, and the pH was adjusted to about 7 with NaOH or ammonia water (sodium hydroxide solution used in this embodiment). The prepared granulation binder is soluble in water and can be directly diluted with warm water while stirring when used.

[0046] 6. Disc granulator granulation: According to the above ratio, the ground and sieved urea, potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, biochar and high phosphorus raw materials are mixed and added to the disc, the disc tilt angle (60°) and the rotation speed (55r / min) are adjusted, and the diluted binder aqueous solution is sprayed onto the material in the disc with a high-pressure sprayer, and stirred while spraying. After stirring evenly, disc granulation is performed. Among them, the amount of binder aqueous solution added is calculated based on the water content of the disc granulator material of 15%, and the amount of binder used is 0.3% of the weight of the material.

[0047] 7. Fertilizer granule screening and drying: After 40 minutes of disc granulation, the fertilizer granules prepared by the disc granulator are continuously passed through 5-mesh and 10-mesh sieves, and the fertilizer granules obtained on the 10-mesh sieve (under the 5-mesh sieve) are spread on a tray, and then the tray is placed in a constant temperature blast drying oven at 65°C for drying. The large particles on the 5-mesh sieve and the small particles under the 10-mesh sieve are collected and returned to the disc granulator for re-processing and granulation, and the process of adding materials-spraying-stirring is repeated.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] Weigh 45kg urea, 20kg diammonium phosphate, 10kg biochar, 15kg potassium sulfate, and 10kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.

[0050] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] Weigh 40kg urea, 15kg diammonium phosphate, 15kg biochar, 20kg potassium sulfate, and 10kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.

[0053] The preparation method is the same as Example 2.

[0054] Comparative Example 3

[0055] Weigh 35kg urea, 18kg diammonium phosphate, 15kg biochar, 20kg potassium sulfate, and 12kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.

[0056] The preparation method is the same as Example 3.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] In Gengzhuang Town, Haicheng City, Liaoning Province, 6 plots of land with a total area of ​​3 mu were selected to plant corn. The special fertilizer for corn prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and the special fertilizer for corn prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were applied to each plot of land in the form of base fertilizer at one time, and the growth results of corn were measured. Specifically, the following steps are taken: ① Take 25 consecutive corn samples from a uniform growth area in each plot of land, and measure the plant height and stem thickness of the corn. ② Take 8 to 10 corn samples from a uniform growth area in each plot of land, dry them, and weigh them to measure the dry weight of the plants. ③ Select 200m 2 The yield of corn in the three plots of land was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0059] Table 1 Effects of different fertilization treatments on maize growth traits

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] It can be seen from Table 1 that, compared with the comparative example, the application of the special formula fertilizer for corn of the present invention increased the plant height, stem diameter and dry matter weight of corn, and increased the yield of corn.

[0063] Through field fertilizer efficiency tests, the effects of applying special formula fertilizers for corn and conventional fertilizers on the biological traits and yield of corn were compared, and the following conclusions were obtained: compared with the control fertilization treatment, the application of special formula fertilizers for corn can significantly increase the yield of corn.

[0064] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new type of high-phosphorus carbon-based fertilizer for corn, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of high-phosphorus raw materials, 5-15 parts of biochar, 10-20 parts of potassium sulfate and 5-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.

2. The novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer for corn as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The high-phosphorus raw material is an industrial by-product of high phosphorus, and the ratio of N-P2O5-K2O is 3-4:40-45:1-2.

3. The novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer for corn as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the biochar is as follows: after the straw is crushed, the temperature is raised to 450°C to 550°C under nitrogen protection and kept warm for 1 to 1.5 hours, and then the temperature is further raised to 700 to 800°C and kept warm for 2 to 3 hours to obtain the biochar.

4. The novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer for corn as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The mesh size of the pulverized straw is 60-80 meshes, and the heating rate is 6-8°C / min.

5. A method for preparing the novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer for corn according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) urea, high-phosphorus raw materials, biochar, potassium sulfate, and calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer are crushed, mixed, placed in a disc granulator, and a binder aqueous solution is sprayed into the mixture while stirring to obtain fertilizer granules; (2) The fertilizer particles are sieved, and the fertilizer particles with a mesh size of 5 to 10 are taken out for drying to obtain a granular novel high-phosphorus carbon-based special fertilizer for corn.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the urea, high-phosphorus raw material, biochar, potassium sulfate, and calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer after crushing is 60-80 meshes.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The stirring speed is 35-55 r / min.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The binder is a corn starch binder, and the amount of the binder is 0.3-0.5% of the total mass of the urea, high-phosphorus raw material, biochar, potassium sulfate, and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. The amount of water in the binder aqueous solution is calculated so that the water content of the material reaches 12-15%.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The drying temperature is 60-70° C. and the drying time is 4-6 hours.

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