Loading method for rock-soil body compression test and bidirectional loading consolidation apparatus

Abstract

The invention relates to a loading method for a rock-soil body compression test and a bidirectional loading consolidometer, the loading method comprises the following steps: taking a cubic or cuboid rock-soil body, respectively carrying out compression loading on the rock-soil body in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, or simultaneously carrying out constant-speed or non-constant-speed compression loading on the rock-soil body in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction; correspondingly, the device comprises a base, a longitudinal actuator, a transverse actuator, a supporting block, two macro cameras provided with DIC processing software and a consolidation assembly used for containing the rock-soil body, the longitudinal actuator is installed on the upper side of the consolidation assembly and compresses the rock-soil body by applying longitudinal pressure to the consolidation assembly, and the transverse actuator is installed on the lower side of the consolidation assembly. The supporting block and the transverse actuator are installed on the left side and the right side of the consolidation assembly respectively, and the transverse actuator applies transverse pressure to the consolidation assembly to compress the rock-soil body. According to the device, the rock-soil body is independently loaded in the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction or is simultaneously loaded in the transverse direction and the vertical direction, so that the anisotropy of the rock-soil body can be researched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rock and soil body loading test, and in particular to a loading method for rock and soil body compression test and a bidirectional loading consolidation instrument. Background Art

[0002] The composition of soil particles, the arrangement and combination of soil particles, and the forces between particles lead to different structures of soil. This structure has a great influence on the strength, permeability and stress-strain relationship characteristics of soil. When conducting rock and soil compression tests, because the arrangement of particles inside the soil is the same, under the same compression amount, the test results obtained by applying force in the vertical direction and applying force in the lateral direction are different. This is the manifestation of soil anisotropy. Anisotropy refers to the different physical and mechanical properties of materials in different directions. During the sedimentation process of soil, needle-, sheet-, and rod-shaped particles with an aspect ratio greater than 1 tend to be arranged in the horizontal direction under the action of gravity and are in a stable state; in addition, in the subsequent consolidation process, the vertical stress generated by the vertical overburden weight and the horizontal stress generated by the horizontal soil pressure are not equal in magnitude. This anisotropic consolidation will also produce soil anisotropy. The anisotropy of soil is mainly manifested as transverse isotropy, that is, the properties in all directions of the horizontal plane are roughly the same, while the vertical and transverse properties are different.

[0003] At present, most of the rock and soil compression tests are confined compression tests, that is, uniaxial compression tests. The stress-strain relationship curve determined by it is generally expressed as a curve ep, where e is the porosity ratio and p is the applied vertical pressure (kPa). This test can obtain a parameter (compression modulus E s Or compression coefficient a). Another use of it is to determine the relationship between test compression and time in consolidation test, so as to determine the consolidation coefficient c of clay soil. Similarly, the existing consolidation instrument can only perform unidirectional compression loading in the vertical direction. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problem that the current rock and soil compression test is only a vertical loading test and cannot study the anisotropy of the rock and soil, the present invention proposes a loading method for rock and soil compression test and a bidirectional loading consolidation instrument to achieve the study of the anisotropy of the rock and soil.

[0005] The specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: A loading method for rock and soil compression test, taking a cube or rectangular rock and soil, and compressing and loading the rock and soil in the transverse and longitudinal directions respectively, or compressing and loading the rock and soil in the transverse and longitudinal directions simultaneously.

[0006] Furthermore, the compression loading is hydraulically servo controlled.

[0007] Furthermore, when the rock and soil mass is subjected to compression loading in the transverse and longitudinal directions simultaneously, the transverse loading speed and the longitudinal loading speed may be the same or different, that is, the same or different compression amounts and loading forces may be applied.

[0008] A bidirectional loading consolidation instrument comprises a base, a longitudinal actuator, a transverse actuator, a support block, two macro cameras equipped with digital image correlation (DIC) processing software and a consolidation assembly for placing rock and soil. The longitudinal actuator is installed on the upper side of the consolidation assembly and compresses the rock and soil by applying longitudinal pressure to the consolidation assembly. The support block and the transverse actuator are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the consolidation assembly, and the transverse actuator compresses the rock and soil by applying transverse pressure to the consolidation assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, the consolidation assembly includes a first permeable stone, a second permeable stone, a third permeable stone and a fourth permeable stone, wherein the first permeable stone is horizontally installed on the base, the second permeable stone is installed on the side wall of the support block close to the transverse actuator, the third permeable stone is arranged at the front end of the transverse actuator, and the fourth permeable stone is arranged at the front end of the longitudinal actuator.

[0010] Furthermore, the longitudinal actuator is mounted on the base through a bracket, and the transverse actuator is mounted on the base through a support rod.

[0011] Furthermore, both the lateral actuator and the longitudinal actuator are hydraulically servo driven.

[0012] Furthermore, a force sensor and a displacement sensor are installed on the lateral actuator, and a force sensor and a displacement sensor are installed on the longitudinal actuator.

[0013] Furthermore, the first macro camera is arranged on the front side of the consolidation component, the second macro camera is arranged on one side of the support block, and both the support block and the consolidation component are provided with visualization windows for observation.

[0014] Furthermore, a first action block is provided between the transverse actuator and the third permeable stone, and a second action block is provided between the longitudinal actuator and the fourth permeable stone.

[0015] Furthermore, a track is installed on the upper surface of the base, and a roller is provided on the lower side of the first action block, and the first action block is installed on the track through the roller.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This method can study the anisotropy of rock and soil by loading it in the horizontal and vertical directions separately or loading it in the horizontal and vertical directions at the same or different speeds at the same time.

[0017] 2. This device automatically controls the loading force through hydraulic servo, measures the loading force with a force sensor, and measures the compression with a displacement sensor. It can realize tests with equal compression in the lateral and longitudinal directions or different loading forces in the lateral and longitudinal directions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the bidirectionally loaded oedometer of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a side view of the bidirectionally loaded oedometer of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1. base; 2. bracket; 3. longitudinal actuator; 4. transverse actuator; 5. digital display controller; 6. first permeable stone; 7. second permeable stone; 8. third permeable stone; 9. fourth permeable stone; 10. first action block; 11. roller; 12. second action block; 13. support block; 14. rock and soil; 15. first macro camera; 16. second macro camera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0022] The present invention provides the following specific embodiments: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a loading method for a rock and soil compression test, which takes a cubic or rectangular rock and soil 14, compresses and loads the rock and soil 14 in a transverse direction, compresses and loads the rock and soil 14 in a longitudinal direction, or compresses and loads the rock and soil 14 in both the transverse and longitudinal directions.

[0023] Preferably, the compression loading is hydraulic servo controlled, which facilitates accurate control of the compression amount and loading force.

[0024] Preferably, the rock and soil body 14 is made of rock, concrete, gypsum, soil that is not easy to collapse, or other objects with self-stabilizing ability. When the rock and soil body 14 is compressively loaded in the transverse and longitudinal directions at the same time, the transverse loading speed and the longitudinal loading speed can be the same or different; the transverse compression amount and the longitudinal compression amount can be the same or different.

[0025] The method can study the anisotropy of the rock-soil body 14 by performing lateral loading, longitudinal loading, or lateral and vertical loading on the rock-soil body 14 alone.

[0026] Second, as Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a bidirectionally loaded consolidation instrument, including a base 1, a longitudinal actuator 3, a transverse actuator 4, a support block 13 and a consolidation assembly for placing a rock and soil body 14, wherein the longitudinal actuator 3 is installed on the upper side of the consolidation assembly, and the longitudinal actuator 3 applies longitudinal pressure to the consolidation assembly by extending to compress the rock and soil body 14, and the support block 13 and the transverse actuator 4 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the consolidation assembly, and the transverse actuator 4 applies transverse pressure to the consolidation assembly by extending to compress the rock and soil body 14.

[0027] Preferably, the consolidation assembly includes a first permeable stone 6, a second permeable stone 7, a third permeable stone 8 and a fourth permeable stone 9, and the permeable stones are all rectangular and plate-shaped; wherein the first permeable stone 6 is horizontally installed on the base 1, the second permeable stone 7 is installed on the side wall of the support block 13 close to the transverse actuator 4, the third permeable stone 8 is arranged at the front end of the transverse actuator 4, and the fourth permeable stone 9 is arranged at the front end of the longitudinal actuator 3. After the rock and soil body 14 is placed, the first permeable stone 6 is located at the lower side of the rock and soil body 14, the second permeable stone 7 and the third permeable stone 8 are located on the left and right sides of the rock and soil body 14 respectively, and the fourth permeable stone 9 is located on the upper side of the rock and soil body 14; in order to avoid mutual friction between the two movable permeable stones, the third permeable stone 8 and the fourth permeable stone 9, the size of the fitting surface between the third permeable stone 8 and the rock and soil body 14 is smaller than the size of the fitting surface between the rock and soil body 14 and the third permeable stone 8, and the size of the fitting surface between the fourth permeable stone 9 and the rock and soil body 14 is smaller than the size of the fitting surface between the rock and soil body 14 and the fourth permeable stone 9.

[0028] Preferably, the longitudinal actuator 3 is mounted on the base 1 via the bracket 2, and the transverse actuator is mounted on the base 1 via a support rod.

[0029] Preferably, both the lateral actuator 4 and the longitudinal actuator 3 are hydraulically servo-driven, which facilitates the control of the compression force and the compression amount.

[0030] Preferably, a force sensor and a displacement sensor are installed on the lateral actuator 4, and a force sensor and a displacement sensor are installed on the longitudinal actuator 3. The force sensor is used to detect the size of the compression force, and the displacement sensor is used to detect the size of the compression deformation.

[0031] Preferably, a first acting block 10 is further provided between the transverse actuator 4 and the third permeable stone 8 , and a second acting block 12 is further provided between the longitudinal actuator 3 and the fourth permeable stone 9 .

[0032] Preferably, the consolidation instrument further includes two macro cameras, equipped with digital image correlation (DIC) processing software, which can observe and calculate the loading deformation of two adjacent surfaces in real time, and track the strain change and displacement change of the test object surface, wherein the first macro camera 15 is arranged on the front side of the rock and soil body 14, and the second macro camera 16 is arranged on the side of the support block 13 away from the rock and soil body. Visualization windows for observation are provided on the support block 13 and the second permeable stone 7, and the visualization windows are made of high-strength transparent materials.

[0033] Preferably, a track is installed on the upper surface of the base 1 , and a roller 11 is provided on the lower side of the first action block 10 , and the first action block 10 is installed on the track via the roller 11 .

[0034] Preferably, a digital display controller 5 is also installed on the base 1, and the digital display controller 5 is connected to the lateral actuator 4, the longitudinal actuator 3, each force sensor, each displacement sensor and two macro cameras for controlling the compression amount and compression force and displaying them digitally.

[0035] This device uses two actuators, which can realize loading in the vertical and transverse directions separately, as well as simultaneous loading in the transverse and longitudinal directions. It can study the measurement of force and compression in the vertical direction, the measurement of force and compression in the transverse direction, and the measurement of force and displacement when loading in the transverse and longitudinal directions simultaneously. It can simulate unidirectional and triaxial stress states, automatically control the loading force through hydraulic servo, measure the loading force with a force sensor, and measure the compression with a displacement sensor. It can realize tests with equal compression in the transverse and longitudinal directions or different loading forces in the transverse and longitudinal directions.

[0036] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A loading method for rock and soil compression test, characterized in that: A cube-shaped or rectangular rock and soil body (14) is taken, and compression loading is performed on the rock and soil body (14) in the transverse and longitudinal directions respectively, or compression loading is performed on the rock and soil body (14) in the transverse and longitudinal directions simultaneously.

2. A loading method for rock and soil compression test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compression loading is hydraulically servo controlled.

3. A bidirectional loading consolidation instrument, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base (1), a longitudinal actuator (3), a transverse actuator (4), a support block (13) and a consolidation assembly for placing a rock mass (14); the longitudinal actuator (3) is mounted on the upper side of the consolidation assembly and compresses the rock mass (14) by applying a longitudinal pressure to the consolidation assembly; the support block (13) and the transverse actuator (4) are mounted on the left and right sides of the consolidation assembly respectively; and the transverse actuator (4) compresses the rock mass (14) by applying a transverse pressure to the consolidation assembly.

4. The bidirectionally loaded oedometer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The consolidation assembly comprises a first permeable stone (6), a second permeable stone (7), a third permeable stone (8) and a fourth permeable stone (9), wherein the first permeable stone (6) is horizontally mounted on the base (1), the second permeable stone (7) is mounted on the side wall of the support block (13) close to the transverse actuator (4), the third permeable stone (8) is arranged at the front end of the transverse actuator (4), and the fourth permeable stone (9) is arranged at the front end of the longitudinal actuator (3).

5. The bidirectional loading oedometer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The longitudinal actuator (3) is mounted on the base (1) via a bracket (2), and the transverse actuator is mounted on the base (1) via a support rod.

6. The bidirectionally loaded oedometer according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both the lateral actuator (4) and the longitudinal actuator (3) are hydraulically servo-driven.

7. The bidirectionally loaded oedometer according to claim 3, characterized in that: A force sensor and a displacement sensor are installed on the lateral actuator (4), and a force sensor and a displacement sensor are installed on the longitudinal actuator (3).

8. The bidirectional loading oedometer according to any one of claims 3, characterized in that: It also comprises two macro cameras, wherein the first macro camera (15) is arranged on the front side of the consolidation component, and the second macro camera (16) is arranged on one side of the support block (13), and both the support block (13) and the consolidation component are provided with a visualization window for observation.

9. The bidirectionally loaded oedometer according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first action block (10) is further provided between the transverse actuator (4) and the third permeable stone (8), and a second action block (12) is further provided between the longitudinal actuator (3) and the fourth permeable stone (9).

10. The bidirectionally loaded oedometer according to claim 9, characterized in that: A track is also installed on the upper surface of the base (1), and a roller (11) is also provided on the lower side of the first action block (10), and the first action block (10) is installed on the track via the roller (11).

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