A portable board test box

Abstract

The present invention discloses a portable board test box, which relates to the field of board test technology, and includes a box body, a detection platform is provided on the box body, a fixed seat is fixedly installed on the detection platform, a clamping piece is provided on the fixed seat, and the clamping piece receives the drive of a driving component and is slidably provided on the fixed seat; a feeding mechanism is provided on the fixed seat, and the feeding mechanism includes a stacking box for stacking boards and cards, which receives the sliding drive of the clamping piece. The portable board test box provided by the present invention, by utilizing a driving component to control the sliding of the clamping piece on the fixed seat, not only has the effect of facilitating the rapid loading of boards and cards to be tested, but also has the effect of enabling the detection cable on the mounting plate to be quickly connected to the boards and cards on the clamping piece, thereby reducing the time for staff to repeatedly disassemble and install boards and cards, reducing the workload of staff, and thus improving the testing efficiency of boards and cards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of board card testing, in particular to a portable board card testing box. Background Art

[0002] In the world of computer hardware, a board is a type of printed circuit board (PCB) that connects to a computer's main circuit board (motherboard) via a slot to expand its functionality and performance. The board's primary function is to bridge the gap between the computer and external hardware. By installing a driver, the corresponding hardware functions can be realized.

[0003] Board testing plays a crucial role in the manufacturing and R&D of electronic products. Testing can promptly identify and correct potential board issues, improving product quality and reliability. Testing also provides data support for product design and optimization, helping engineers improve product performance and enhance the user experience. Comprehensive testing ensures that boards function properly in a variety of complex environments, providing users with a stable and reliable product experience.

[0004] Conventional testing involves vibrating the boards in a test box. This vibration test simulates the various vibration environments to which the boards may be exposed during transportation and use. This simulation allows for the timely identification of potential defects in the boards' structural design, material selection, and assembly processes. However, before and after testing, staff must manually load the boards and plug and unplug cables. Therefore, when multiple boards need to be tested, staff must spend a significant amount of time disassembling and replacing boards and plugging and unplugging test cables. This not only increases staff workload but also reduces board testing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a portable board test box to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a portable board test box, comprising a box body, a detection platform is provided on the box body, a fixed seat is fixedly installed on the detection platform, a clamping piece is provided on the fixed seat, and the clamping piece is driven by a driving component and is slidably arranged on the fixed seat; a unloading mechanism is provided on the fixed seat, and the unloading mechanism includes a stacking box for stacking boards and cards, which is driven by the sliding of the clamping piece so that the boards and cards in the stacking box intermittently fall onto the clamping piece; a mounting plate is also provided on the fixed seat, which is driven by the sliding of the clamping piece so that the mounting plate slides vertically relative to the fixed seat.

[0007] Furthermore, the clamping member includes a base plate, a screw is rotatably provided on the base plate, the screw is provided with two threaded sections with opposite rotation directions, and each threaded section is threadedly connected with a clamping piece.

[0008] Furthermore, a sliding seat is slidably provided on the fixed seat, and the clamping member is fixedly installed on the sliding seat.

[0009] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a driving shaft rotatably mounted on the fixed seat, a gear is fixedly mounted on the circumference of the driving shaft, a sliding plate is fixedly mounted on the sliding seat, and a rack meshing with the gear is fixedly mounted on the sliding plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the stacking box is slidably connected with a clamping plate and a supporting plate on both side walls corresponding to each other, and the clamping plate and the supporting plate are respectively provided with a first guide groove and a second guide groove, and the sliding of the first guide groove and the second guide groove is provided with a sliding rod, a fixed frame is fixedly installed on the sliding rod, a sliding bar is slidably provided on the fixed frame, and a second spring is provided between the sliding bar and the fixed frame; a fixed rod is fixedly installed on the sliding bar, and a toggle rod that abuts and cooperates with the fixed rod is fixedly installed on the sliding plate.

[0011] Furthermore, a fixed plate is fixedly installed on the side wall of the stacking box, a sliding block is slidably arranged on the fixed plate, a first spring is provided between the sliding block and the fixed plate, and the sliding block is fixedly installed on the sliding rod; an abutment plate that abuts and cooperates with the sliding bar is fixedly installed on the side wall of the stacking box.

[0012] Furthermore, fixing racks are fixedly installed on both sides of the fixing seat corresponding to each other, and sliding racks are vertically slidably provided on the two fixing racks, and the mounting plate is fixedly installed on the two sliding racks.

[0013] Furthermore, the sliding plate is provided with a first transverse sliding groove and a second transverse sliding groove, and the first transverse sliding groove and the second transverse sliding groove are connected by an oblique sliding groove; a guide rod is fixedly installed on the sliding frame, and the guide rod is slidably arranged in the first transverse sliding groove, the oblique sliding groove and the second transverse sliding groove.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of servo motors are fixedly installed inside the detection platform, and an eccentric shaft is fixedly installed at the output end of each servo motor.

[0015] Furthermore, a plurality of vibrating members are provided between the detection platform and the box body, and the plurality of vibrating members are all buffer springs.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the present invention provides a portable board test box, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] By using the driving component to control the sliding of the clamping member on the fixed seat, the clamping member can drive the boards in the stacking box to intermittently fall onto the clamping member during the sliding process, thereby facilitating the automatic loading of the boards to be inspected.

[0018] By using the driving component to control the sliding of the clamping member on the fixed seat, after the clamping member is used to automatically load the board to be inspected, the sliding seat can be used to slide along the fixed seat to drive the cables on the mounting plate to slide in the direction close to the clamping member. Then, after the sliding seat moves to the corresponding position, the mounting plate is moved in the direction close to the clamping member, thereby achieving the effect of quickly connecting multiple cables on the mounting plate with the board on the clamping member.

[0019] Therefore, by using the driving component to control the sliding of the clamping piece on the fixed seat, it not only facilitates the rapid loading of the board to be tested, but also enables the detection cable on the mounting plate to be quickly connected to the board on the clamping piece, thereby reducing the time for workers to repeatedly disassemble and install the board, reducing the workload of the workers, and thus improving the detection efficiency of the board. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments described in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure at A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 3 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the local structure;

[0024] Figure 4 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the back structure;

[0025] Figure 5 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure at B in the middle;

[0026] Figure 6 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the local structure;

[0027] Figure 7 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure at C in the middle;

[0028] Figure 8 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle sliding plate;

[0029] Figure 9 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 4 Structural diagram of the middle and lower feeding mechanism;

[0030] Figure 10 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the partially disassembled structure;

[0031] Figure 11 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure at D in the middle;

[0032] Figure 12 The embodiment of the present invention provides Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping part.

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] 1. Box; 2. Test bench; 21. Servo motor; 22. Eccentric shaft; 23. Vibrating element; 301. Fixed seat; 302. Sliding seat; 303. Sliding plate; 3031. First transverse chute; 3032. Oblique chute; 3033. Second transverse chute; 304. Clamping element; 3041. Bottom plate; 3042. Screw; 3043. Clip; 3044. Limiting piece; 305. Drive shaft; 306. Gear; 307. Rack; 4. Unloading mechanism; 401. Stacking box; 402. Clamp; 4021. First guide groove; 403. Support plate; 4031. Second guide groove; 404. Fixed plate; 405. Sliding block; 406. First spring; 407. Sliding rod; 408. Fixed frame; 409. Sliding bar; 410. Second spring; 411. Fixed rod; 412. Toggle rod; 413. Abutment plate; 51. Fixed frame; 52. Sliding frame; 53. Mounting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] See also Figure 1-12A portable board test box provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a box body 1, a test platform 2 is provided on the box body 1, a fixed base 301 is fixedly installed on the test platform 2, a clamping member 304 is provided on the fixed base 301, and the clamping member 304 is driven by a driving component to slide on the fixed base 301; a blanking mechanism 4 is provided on the fixed base 301, and the blanking mechanism 4 includes a stacking box 401 for stacking boards and cards, which is driven by the sliding of the clamping member 304 so that the boards and cards in the stacking box 401 intermittently fall onto the clamping member 304.

[0037] In the above technical solution, the driving component is used to control the sliding of the clamping member 304 on the fixed seat 301, so that the clamping member 304 can drive the boards in the stacking box 401 to intermittently fall onto the clamping member 304 during the sliding process, thereby facilitating the automatic loading of the boards to be inspected.

[0038] Furthermore, a mounting plate 53 is provided on the fixing seat 301 , which is driven by the sliding of the clamping member 304 so that the mounting plate 53 can slide vertically relative to the fixing seat 301 .

[0039] In the above technical solution, the driving component is used to control the sliding of the clamping member 304 on the fixed seat 301, so that after the clamping member 304 is used to automatically load the board to be inspected, the sliding seat 302 can be used to slide along the fixed seat 301, thereby driving the cables on the mounting plate 53 to slide in the direction close to the clamping member 304, and then when the sliding seat 302 moves to the corresponding position, the mounting plate 53 is moved in the direction close to the clamping member 304, thereby achieving the effect of quickly connecting multiple cables on the mounting plate 53 with the board on the clamping member 304.

[0040] Specifically, the clamping member 304 includes a base plate 3041 , on which a screw rod 3042 is rotatably provided. The screw rod 3042 is provided with two threaded sections with opposite rotation directions, and each threaded section is threadedly connected with a clamping piece 3043 .

[0041] Furthermore, a driving motor is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate 3041 , and the screw 3042 is fixedly mounted on the driving motor.

[0042] In the above technical solution, the screw 3042 can be rotated by utilizing a driving motor. Since the screw 3042 is provided with two threaded sections with opposite rotation directions, when the screw 3042 rotates, the two clips 3043 can be driven to move closer to each other, thereby achieving the effect of clamping and limiting the boards in the stacking box 401 after they fall onto the bottom plate 3041.

[0043] Furthermore, two limiting pieces 3044 are fixedly mounted on the bottom plate 3041 , and the board is arranged between the two clamping pieces 3043 and the two limiting pieces 3044 .

[0044] In the above technical solution, by utilizing the limit plate 3044, the clamping position of the board can be fixed, and the situation where the two clamps 3043 move after the board falls onto the base plate 3041, causing the position of the board on the base plate 3041 to shift, thereby affecting the connection of the cables on the subsequent installation plate 53, is avoided as much as possible.

[0045] Specifically, a sliding seat 302 is slidably provided on the fixed seat 301 , and the clamping member 304 is fixedly installed on the sliding seat 302 .

[0046] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a driving shaft 305 rotatably mounted on the fixed seat 301 , a gear 306 fixedly mounted on the circumference of the driving shaft 305 , a sliding plate 303 fixedly mounted on the sliding seat 302 , and a rack 307 meshing with the gear 306 fixedly mounted on the sliding plate 303 .

[0047] Furthermore, a driving motor is fixedly mounted on the fixing base 301 , and the driving shaft 305 is fixedly mounted on the driving motor.

[0048] In the above technical solution, by utilizing a driving motor, the driving shaft 305 can be rotated under the action of the driving motor. Therefore, by utilizing the mutual cooperation between the gear 306 and the rack 307, the sliding seat 302 can be driven to slide along the fixed seat 301. By utilizing the driving motor, the driving shaft 305 can be rotated in both forward and reverse directions under the action of the driving motor, so that the sliding seat 302 can slide back and forth on the fixed seat 301.

[0049] Specifically, the side walls on both sides of the stacking box 401 corresponding to each other are slidably connected with a splint 402 and a support plate 403, and the movement directions of the splint 402 and the support plate 403 are opposite. The splint 402 and the support plate 403 are respectively provided with a first guide groove 4021 and a second guide groove 4031, and the sliding of the first guide groove 4021 and the second guide groove 4031 is provided with a sliding rod 407, and a fixed frame 408 is fixedly installed on the sliding rod 407, and a sliding bar 409 is slidably provided on the fixed frame 408, and a second spring 410 is provided between the sliding bar 409 and the fixed frame 408; a fixed rod 411 is fixedly installed on the sliding bar 409, and a toggle rod 412 that abuts against the fixed rod 411 is fixedly installed on the sliding plate 303.

[0050] In the above technical solution, by utilizing a driving assembly, the sliding plate 303 on the sliding seat 302 can slide along the fixed seat 301, and the toggle rod 412 on the sliding plate 303 can abut against the fixed rod 411 on the sliding bar 409, so that the sliding rod 407 on the fixed frame 408 can slide along the first guide groove 4021 on the clamping plate 402 and the second guide groove 4031 on the supporting plate 403, so that the two clamping plates 402 at this time can move in the direction of approaching each other, while the two bottom supporting plates 403 move in the direction of moving away from each other. After the clamping member 304 on the sliding seat 302 moves to a certain position, the board at the bottom of the stacking box 401 will fall onto the bottom plate 3041 under the action of its own gravity, so that the board on the bottom plate 3041 can be clamped by the two clamping pieces 3043 on the bottom plate 3041, thereby achieving the effect of clamping and limiting the board to be inspected.

[0051] Specifically, a fixed plate 404 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the stacking box 401, a sliding block 405 is slidably arranged on the fixed plate 404, a first spring 406 is provided between the sliding block 405 and the fixed plate 404, and the sliding block 405 is fixedly installed on the sliding rod 407; an abutment plate 413 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the stacking box 401, which abuts against the sliding bar 409.

[0052] When the second spring 410 is engaged, the sliding bar 409 is able to slide along the fixed frame 408, thereby making the fixed rod 411 on the sliding bar 409 able to avoid the toggle rod 412 on the sliding plate 303. When the second spring 410 is engaged, the sliding block 405 on the fixed plate 404 is able to slide under the action of the first spring 406, thereby making the fixed frame 408 able to move and reset in the opposite direction, thereby making the two clamping plates 402 able to move away from each other, and the two supporting plates 403 at the bottom move towards each other, thereby making the boards in the stacking box 401 fall onto the two supporting plates 403 under the action of their own gravity, thereby facilitating the automatic loading of subsequent boards.

[0053] Specifically, fixed frames 51 are fixedly installed on both sides of the fixed seat 301 corresponding to each other, and sliding frames 52 are vertically slidably provided on the two fixed frames 51 , and the mounting plates 53 are fixedly installed on the two sliding frames 52 .

[0054] Furthermore, a first transverse groove 3031 and a second transverse groove 3033 are provided on the sliding plate 303, and the first transverse groove 3031 and the second transverse groove 3033 are connected by an oblique groove 3032; a guide rod is fixedly installed on the sliding frame 52, and the guide rod is slidably arranged in the first transverse groove 3031, the oblique groove 3032 and the second transverse groove 3033.

[0055] In the above technical solution, by utilizing the guide rod on the sliding frame 52, the sliding plate 303 on the sliding seat 302 can be driven to slide along the fixed seat 301 under the action of the driving component, and the guide rod on the sliding frame 52 can be driven to slide along the first horizontal slide groove 3031, the oblique slide groove 3032 and the second horizontal slide groove 3033 in sequence, so that when the clamping member 304 on the sliding seat 302 moves toward the detection station, it can drive the mounting plate 53 on the sliding frame 52 to move toward the direction close to the clamping member 304, thereby achieving the effect of quickly connecting multiple cables on the mounting plate 53 with the board card on the clamping member 304.

[0056] Specifically, a plurality of servo motors 21 are fixedly installed inside the testing platform 2 , and an eccentric shaft 22 is fixedly installed at the output end of each servo motor 21 .

[0057] Furthermore, a plurality of vibrating members 23 are provided between the detection platform 2 and the box body 1 , and the plurality of vibrating members 23 are all buffer springs.

[0058] In the above technical solution, by utilizing multiple servo motors 21 inside the detection table 2, the eccentric shafts 22 on the multiple servo motors 21 are rotated, and by utilizing multiple vibrating members 23 between the detection table 2 and the box body 1, the detection table 2 on the box body 1 is driven to vibrate, thereby achieving the effect of being able to perform vibration detection on the board and card on the clamping member 304.

[0059] Working principle: When in use, by utilizing the stacking box 401, the boards to be tested can be stacked in the stacking box 401, and by utilizing the driving motor, the driving shaft 305 can be rotated under the action of the driving motor, so by utilizing the mutual cooperation between the gear 306 and the rack 307, the sliding seat 302 can be driven to slide along the fixed seat 301, and by utilizing the driving motor, the driving shaft 305 can be rotated in both forward and reverse directions under the action of the driving motor, so that the sliding seat 302 can slide back and forth on the fixed seat 301.

[0060] And by utilizing the driving assembly, the sliding plate 303 on the sliding seat 302 can slide along the fixed seat 301, and the toggle rod 412 on the sliding plate 303 can abut against the fixed rod 411 on the sliding bar 409, so that the sliding rod 407 on the fixed frame 408 can slide along the first guide groove 4021 on the clamping plate 402 and the second guide groove 4031 on the supporting plate 403, so that the two clamping plates 402 can move in the direction of approaching each other, and the two bottom supporting plates 403 can move in the direction of moving away from each other. After the clamping member 304 moves to a certain position, the board at the bottom of the stacking box 401 will fall onto the bottom plate 3041 under the action of its own gravity, and by utilizing the driving motor, the screw 3042 can be rotated under the action of the driving motor. Since the screw 3042 is provided with two threaded sections with opposite rotation directions, when the screw 3042 rotates, it can drive the two clamps 3043 to move towards each other, thereby achieving the effect of clamping and limiting the board in the stacking box 401 after the board falls onto the bottom plate 3041.

[0061] When the second spring 410 is engaged, the sliding bar 409 is able to slide along the fixed frame 408, thereby making the fixed rod 411 on the sliding bar 409 able to avoid the toggle rod 412 on the sliding plate 303. When the second spring 410 is engaged, the sliding block 405 on the fixed plate 404 is able to slide under the action of the first spring 406, thereby making the fixed frame 408 able to move and reset in the opposite direction, thereby making the two clamping plates 402 able to move away from each other, and the two supporting plates 403 at the bottom move towards each other, thereby making the board in the stacking box 401 fall onto the two supporting plates 403 under the action of its own gravity, thereby facilitating the automatic loading of subsequent boards.

[0062] Then, by utilizing the guide rod on the sliding frame 52, the sliding plate 303 on the sliding seat 302 can slide along the fixed seat 301 under the action of the driving component, and can drive the guide rod on the sliding frame 52 to slide along the first horizontal slide groove 3031, the oblique slide groove 3032 and the second horizontal slide groove 3033 in sequence, so that when the clamping member 304 on the sliding seat 302 moves toward the detection station, it can drive the mounting plate 53 on the sliding frame 52 to move toward the direction close to the clamping member 304, thereby achieving the effect of quickly connecting multiple cables on the mounting plate 53 with the board card on the clamping member 304.

[0063] When the board to be tested on the clamping member 304 moves to the corresponding position, the eccentric shafts 22 on the multiple servo motors 21 are rotated by utilizing the multiple servo motors 21 inside the testing platform 2, and the multiple vibrating members 23 between the testing platform 2 and the box body 1 are utilized, thereby driving the testing platform 2 on the box body 1 to vibrate, thereby achieving the effect of vibration detection of the board on the clamping member 304.

[0064] The above description is merely illustrative of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It goes without saying that those skilled in the art will be able to modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A portable board test box, comprising a box body (1), characterized in that: The box body (1) is provided with a detection table (2), a fixed seat (301) is fixedly installed on the detection table (2), and a clamping member (304) is provided on the fixed seat (301), which receives the driving of the driving component and is slidably arranged on the fixed seat (301); a blanking mechanism (4) is provided on the fixed seat (301), and the blanking mechanism (4) includes a stacking box (401) for stacking boards and cards, which receives the sliding drive of the clamping member (304) so ​​that the boards and cards in the stacking box (401) intermittently fall onto the clamping member (304); a mounting plate (53) is also provided on the fixed seat (301), which receives the sliding drive of the clamping member (304) so ​​that the mounting plate (53) slides vertically relative to the fixed seat (301); A sliding seat (302) is slidably provided on the fixed seat (301), and the clamping member (304) is fixedly installed on the sliding seat (302); the driving assembly comprises a driving shaft (305) rotatably provided on the fixed seat (301), a gear (306) is fixedly installed on the circumference of the driving shaft (305), a sliding plate (303) is fixedly installed on the sliding seat (302), and a rack (307) meshing with the gear (306) is fixedly installed on the sliding plate (303); a clamping plate (402) and a supporting plate (403) are slidably connected on the side walls of the stacking box (401) corresponding to each other, and a first guide groove (4021) and a second guide groove (4031) are respectively provided on the clamping plate (402) and the supporting plate (403), and a sliding rod (407) is provided for sliding the first guide groove (4021) and the second guide groove (4031), and the sliding plate (407) is fixed for sliding the first guide groove (4021) and the second guide groove (4031). A fixed frame (408) is fixedly mounted on the rod (407), a sliding bar (409) is slidably mounted on the fixed frame (408), and a second spring (410) is provided between the sliding bar (409) and the fixed frame (408); a fixed rod (411) is fixedly mounted on the sliding bar (409), and a toggle rod (412) that abuts against the fixed rod (411) is fixedly mounted on the sliding plate (303); the stacking box ( A fixed plate (404) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the stacking box (401), a sliding block (405) is slidably arranged on the fixed plate (404), a first spring (406) is arranged between the sliding block (405) and the fixed plate (404), and the sliding block (405) is fixedly installed on the sliding rod (407); an abutting plate (413) that abuts and cooperates with the sliding bar (409) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the stacking box (401).

2. The portable board test box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping member (304) comprises a base plate (3041), a screw rod (3042) is rotatably provided on the base plate (3041), the screw rod (3042) is provided with two threaded sections with opposite rotation directions, and each threaded section is threadedly connected with a clamping piece (3043).

3. The portable board test box according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fixed frames (51) are fixedly mounted on both sides of the fixed seat (301) corresponding to each other, and sliding frames (52) are vertically slidably arranged on the two fixed frames (51), and the mounting plate (53) is fixedly mounted on the two sliding frames (52).

4. The portable board test box according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sliding plate (303) is provided with a first transverse sliding groove (3031) and a second transverse sliding groove (3033), and the first transverse sliding groove (3031) and the second transverse sliding groove (3033) are connected via an oblique sliding groove (3032); a guide rod is fixedly installed on the sliding frame (52), and the guide rod is slidably arranged in the first transverse sliding groove (3031), the oblique sliding groove (3032) and the second transverse sliding groove (3033).

5. The portable board test box according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of servo motors (21) are fixedly mounted inside the detection platform (2), and an eccentric shaft (22) is fixedly mounted at the output end of each servo motor (21).

6. The portable board test box according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of vibrating members (23) are provided between the detection platform (2) and the box body (1), and the plurality of vibrating members (23) are all buffer springs.

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