A Real-Time Control Method for Electric Vehicle Demand Response Based on Electricity Right Transfer

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of real-time control of electric vehicle demand response, and solves the technical problem in the prior art of the phenomenon of electric vehicles waiting for charging piles during the period when electric vehicles participate in grid demand response. In particular, it relates to a real-time control method for electric vehicle demand response based on the transfer of electricity use rights, the purpose of which is to achieve mutual negotiation between electric vehicle users and encourage electric vehicle users who are charging to transfer charging piles to users who urgently need charging, that is, transfer of electricity use rights. The present invention can ensure that the load voltage of the charging station drops during the demand response period while achieving mutual coordination between electric vehicles. Through the transfer of electricity use rights of the charging piles, electric vehicle users who are waiting for charging can be satisfied with timely charging, avoiding the situation of cars waiting for charging piles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of real-time demand response control technology for electric vehicles, and in particular to a real-time demand response control method for electric vehicles based on the transfer of electricity use rights. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid growth in the number of electric vehicles, the demand for charging is increasing daily. Limited by the location, capacity, and number of charging stations, some charging stations experience situations where vehicles are waiting for charging piles, especially during peak charging times at midday and in the early morning. Waiting in line for charging piles has become the norm in some areas, reducing the user experience. Furthermore, the increasing number of electric vehicles is placing a certain burden on the stable operation of the power distribution network in the areas where charging stations are located.

[0003] To improve the user experience for electric vehicle (EV) users, ensure their personalized charging needs are met, and reduce the impact of EV access on distribution network areas, power grid companies are guiding EV charging behavior in an orderly manner, altering users' charging times and demands. Typical methods used by power grid companies include demand response, specifically price-based demand response and incentive-based demand response. Price-based demand response involves setting time-of-use pricing, increasing prices during peak charging periods and decreasing prices during off-peak periods, thus guiding price-sensitive users to charge during off-peak hours. Incentive-based demand response involves providing subsidies to encourage users to reduce charging demand, such as adjusting charging power levels or shifting load to other times of day.

[0004] During demand response, situations may arise where the number of available charging stations or their power output is limited. While power grid companies can intervene in user charging behavior to reduce waiting times, this is primarily a top-down approach. There is limited research and application considering a bottom-up model, where electric vehicle users negotiate with each other to change their charging habits and avoid waiting times during demand response periods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a real-time control method for electric vehicle demand response based on the transfer of electricity use rights, which solves the technical problem of electric vehicles waiting for charging stations during their participation in grid demand response in existing technologies.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a real-time control method for electric vehicle demand response based on electricity right transfer, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Obtain information on electric vehicles, demand response control parameters, and charging stations;

[0008] S2. Initialize the demand response control parameters t and I, setting the current time period t=1, and the set of electric vehicles currently charging. Electric vehicle charging state set Power collection of electric vehicles at different times Collection of remaining battery power of electric vehicles at different times Indicates the empty set;

[0009] S3. Remove electric vehicles i that are not charging from the set of electric vehicle users I that are charging;

[0010] S4. Determine whether the current time period t is within the demand response period;

[0011] If yes, proceed to step S7; if no, proceed to step S5.

[0012] S5. Determine whether the number of charging stations during the non-demand response period meets the charging needs of electric vehicle users who plan to charge.

[0013] If yes, it means there are extra charging stations available, then proceed to step S6; otherwise, proceed to step S9.

[0014] S6. Develop a charging plan for electric vehicle users with a charging schedule, and then proceed to step S11;

[0015] S7. Determine whether the number of charging stations during the demand response period meets the charging needs of electric vehicle users who plan to charge.

[0016] If yes, it means there are extra charging stations available, then proceed to step S6; otherwise, proceed to step S8.

[0017] S8. According to the charging order, remove some users from the electric vehicle user set I that is currently charging;

[0018] S9. Determine whether electric vehicle users who are currently charging and those who plan to charge meet the conditions for initiating electricity right trading. The conditions for initiating electricity right trading include purchasing electricity right and selling electricity right.

[0019] If yes, proceed to step S10; otherwise, proceed to step S11.

[0020] S10. Optimize the charging plans for users who purchase or sell electricity rights;

[0021] S11. Determine whether the current time period t is equal to the time set T;

[0022] If so, then the process ends;

[0023] If not, proceed to the next time period t = t + 1 and return to step S1.

[0024] Further, in step S6, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0025] S61. Determine the arrival time of each electric vehicle j according to the principle of first come, first served, and sort the electric vehicles j in the set J;

[0026] S62. Initialize the variable j and set j = 1;

[0027] S63. Calculate the number of rechargeable users based on the number of electric vehicles in the set I, that is:

[0028] K = K MAX -|I|

[0029] In the above formula, K is a variable, indicating that there are K charging piles remaining in the charging station, and the first K users can charge;

[0030] S64. Judge whether j < K holds. If it holds, enter step S65; otherwise, end;

[0031] S65. Formulate a charging plan for the electric vehicle users planning to charge;

[0032] S66. Incorporate the users with the formulated electric vehicle user charging plan and charging gear arrangement into the set I, and merge the original charging plan and charging gear arrangement of the users into the sets O and P, that is:

[0033]

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] I = I ∪ j

[0037] S67. Judge whether j < |J| holds, where |J| represents the number of electric vehicle users planning to charge. If the condition j < |J| holds, then set j = j + 1 and return to step S61; otherwise, end.

[0038] Further, in step S65, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0039] S651. Construct an electric vehicle user cost model with the goal of minimizing cost. The optimization goal is to minimize cost, and the cost is calculated as follows:

[0040]

[0041] In the above formula, is a variable, representing the original cost of electric vehicle j; P j，t is a variable, representing the charging power of electric vehicle j in the t period, where Pj，t ∈{P FC ,P SC};o j，t For 0-1 Boolean variables, o j,t ∈{0,1} represents the charging state of electric vehicle j during time period t, where 1 is equal to charging and 0 is otherwise.

[0042] S652. Construct a charging power constraint model. The charging power of electric vehicles must satisfy the following constraints:

[0043] -(1-u j,t M+o j,t P FC ≤P j，t ≤o j,t P FC +(1-u j,t M

[0044] -u j,t M+o j,t P SC ≤P j，t ≤o j,t P SC +u j,t M

[0045] -o j,t M≤P j,t ≤o j,t M

[0046] In the above formula, u j，t The variable is 0-1, indicating whether electric vehicle j uses fast charging in time period t; 1 indicates fast charging, and 0 indicates fast charging otherwise. M is a constant, representing a maximum value.

[0047] S653. Construct a charging operation constraint model, the expression of which is:

[0048]

[0049] In the above formula, S j，t Let be a variable, representing the battery capacity of electric vehicle j during time period t; ρ is a constant, representing the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle charging station. This indicates that electric vehicle j is in a charging state after arriving at the charging station;

[0050] S654. Using the electric vehicle user cost model as the optimization objective, and the charging power constraint model and charging operation constraint model as constraints, the electric vehicle user charging plan and charging level arrangement are optimized, namely:

[0051]

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] In the above formula, Let be a set representing the charging status of electric vehicle j at each time period; Let be a set representing the charging power of electric vehicle j at each time period; Indicates that electric vehicle j is in the time period The charging status; This indicates the charging state of electric vehicle j during time period t; Indicates that electric vehicle j is in the time period The charging status; Indicates that electric vehicle i is in the time period The charging power; This represents the charging power of electric vehicle i during time period t; Indicates that electric vehicle i is in the time period The charging power; Let be a set representing the battery capacity of electric vehicle j at each time period.

[0055] Furthermore, in step S7, the judgment condition is:

[0056]

[0057] In the above formula, |I| is a constant, representing the number of electric vehicles in set I; K MAX This is a constant, representing the maximum number of charging piles that can be activated at a charging station during demand response. The maximum number of activated charging piles is calculated as follows:

[0058]

[0059] In the above formula, The rounding up symbol; P is a constant representing the estimated load after the electric vehicle charging station has reduced its load; FC is a constant, representing the fast charging power of the charging station.

[0060] Furthermore, in step S9, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0061] S91. Calculate the charging time boundaries for electric vehicle users who are currently charging and those who are planning to charge.

[0062] The charging time limit for electric vehicle users who are currently charging is:

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] In the above formula, is a constant, representing the maximum charging time of electric vehicle i that is being charged; ρ is a constant representing the minimum charging time for electric vehicle i that is being charged; ρ is a constant representing the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle charging pile, and the charging efficiency of the charging piles in the charging station is set to be consistent; Δt is the time interval. P is a constant representing the remaining battery power of electric vehicle i when it leaves the charging station; SC S is a constant representing the slow charging power of the charging station; i,t This indicates the charging time of electric vehicle i, which is currently being charged.

[0066] The charging time boundaries for electric vehicle users who plan to charge are:

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] In the above formula, is a constant, representing the minimum charging time for electric vehicle j scheduled to be charged; P is a constant, representing the maximum charging time for electric vehicle j scheduled to be charged; FC This is a constant, representing the fast charging power of the charging station; is a constant, representing the battery charge of electric vehicle j when it arrives at the charging station; is a constant, representing the remaining battery power of electric vehicle j when it leaves the charging station;

[0070] S92. Determine whether the user of an electric vehicle that is currently charging can complete charging before leaving. If so, the user can sell the right to use electricity for the current time period t. The electric vehicle i that sells the right to use electricity must satisfy the following constraints:

[0071]

[0072] In the above formula, is a constant, representing the time when the i-th electric vehicle leaves the charging station;

[0073] S93. Determine whether the electric vehicle user scheduled to charge can complete charging before leaving. If not, the user needs to purchase the right to use electricity for the current time period t. The electric vehicle j that purchases the right to use electricity must satisfy the following constraints:

[0074]

[0075] In the above formula, is a constant, representing the minimum charging time for electric vehicle j scheduled to be charged; is a constant, representing the maximum charging time for electric vehicle j scheduled to be charged.

[0076] Furthermore, in step S10, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0077] S101. Develop an electric vehicle charging plan for purchasing electricity usage rights, specifically:

[0078] During charging time period t, with fast charging power, the remaining battery capacity of the electric vehicle upon arrival at the charging station is changed as follows:

[0079]

[0080] In the above formula, P is a constant representing the battery charge of electric vehicle j when it arrives at the charging station; FC ρ is a constant representing the fast charging power of the charging pile; ρ is a constant representing the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle charging pile, assuming that the charging efficiency of the charging piles in the charging station is consistent; x i,j The variable is 0-1, representing whether electric vehicle i sells its electricity usage rights to electric vehicle j; 1 indicates a sale, and 0 indicates otherwise. Δt is a constant representing the time interval.

[0081] S102. Adjust the subsequent charging plan for electric vehicles that have sold electricity rights.

[0082] Further, in step S102, adjusting the subsequent charging plan includes the following steps:

[0083] S1021. Construct a cost model for electric vehicles after adjusting subsequent charging plans, as follows:

[0084]

[0085] In the above formula, Let be a variable, representing the actual cost of electric vehicle i after selling its electricity usage rights and adjusting its charging plan; Let be a variable, representing the electricity cost of electric vehicle i before it sells its electricity usage rights and adjusts its charging plan; is a constant representing the charge incurred when electric vehicle i stops at a charging station before selling its electricity rights and adjusting its charging plan; Let be a variable, representing the electricity cost of electric vehicle i after it sells its electricity usage rights and adjusts its charging plan; Let be a variable, representing the charge incurred when electric vehicle i parks at a charging station after selling its electricity rights and adjusting its charging plan; Let be a variable, representing the subsidy received by electric vehicle i for purchasing electricity rights;

[0086] in,

[0087]

[0088]

[0089]

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] In the above formula, τ is an auxiliary variable; x i,j It is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether electric vehicle i sells the right to use electricity to electric vehicle j; 1 if it sells, 0 otherwise. q is a constant, representing the unit subsidy for electric vehicle j to purchase electricity rights; REMA is a constant representing the unit charge for an electric vehicle to be parked and charged at a charging station; and In the definition, P i,τ with o i,τ Take values ​​respectively and in, These represent electric vehicle i during the time period. and the charging status of t-1; in and In the definition, P i,τ with o i,τ All of these are variables to be solved; This indicates the time it takes for electric vehicle i to arrive at the charging station; This refers to the electricity price that electric vehicle load aggregators release to electric vehicle users after taking into account costs such as charging pile operation and maintenance;

[0093] S1022, Based on cost The objective function for the electric vehicle load aggregator and the constraints for the electric vehicles are as follows:

[0094]

[0095] In the above formula, C represents the total cost for electric vehicle users who are currently charging after the charging plan adjustment;

[0096] The constraints for electric vehicles are:

[0097]

[0098] In the above formula, J BUY This indicates that the user of electric vehicle j who purchases the right to use electricity satisfies the constraints. A set;

[0099] S1023. Using the objective function of the electric vehicle load aggregator as the optimization objective, solve for the electricity cost under the constraints of electric vehicles. and fees variable P in i,τ with o i,τ The optimal solution is obtained, where variable P i,τ The optimal solution is: variable o i,τ The optimal solution is:

[0100] S1024, According to variable P i,τ with o i,τ Update the optimal solution set and in:

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] In the above formula, This represents the charging power of electric vehicle i at time t+1 after it has the right to use electricity during the sale period t; This indicates that after electric vehicle i has its electricity usage rights sold during time period t, it leaves the charging station. Charging power at that time; This indicates the charging status of electric vehicle i at time t+1 after it has acquired the right to use electricity during the sale period t; This indicates that after electric vehicle i has its electricity usage rights sold during time period t, it leaves the charging station. The charging status at that time.

[0104] By employing the above technical solution, the present invention provides a real-time control method for electric vehicle demand response based on electricity right transfer, which has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0105] 1. The electric vehicle demand response control method proposed in this invention can ensure that the charging station load voltage drop during the demand response period can be achieved while realizing mutual coordination among electric vehicles. By transferring the right to use electricity of charging piles, it can meet the needs of electric vehicle users who are waiting to charge in a timely manner, thus avoiding the situation of vehicles waiting for charging piles.

[0106] 2. The electric vehicle demand response control method proposed in this invention replaces the traditional top-down approach. By adopting a bottom-up approach, it allows electric vehicle users to negotiate and change their charging behavior, thus avoiding the situation of waiting for charging stations during the demand response period. Attached Figure Description

[0107] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this application and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0108] Figure 1This is a flowchart of the electric vehicle demand response control method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0109] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This will allow for a full understanding of how the present application uses technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects, and to facilitate its implementation.

[0110] Existing technologies primarily employ a top-down control model, where the power grid controls electric vehicle charging stations to avoid situations where vehicles are waiting for charging stations during demand response periods. Please refer to... Figure 1 This embodiment proposes a real-time demand response control method for electric vehicles based on the transfer of electricity usage rights. The aim is to facilitate negotiation among electric vehicle users, enabling users currently charging to transfer their charging stations to users in urgent need of charging—that is, the transfer of electricity usage rights. The method includes the following steps:

[0111] S1. Obtain electric vehicle information, demand response control parameter information, and charging pile information. Electric vehicle information includes... Demand response control parameter information includes J, j, I, i, O, P, S, T, T DR , t, Δt, T DRS T DRE T DR，START T DR，END , v t Charging station information includes P FC P SC K MAX .

[0112] in, is a constant, representing the time it takes for the j-th electric vehicle to arrive at the charging station; is a constant, representing the time when the j-th electric vehicle leaves the charging station; is a constant, representing the battery charge of electric vehicle j when it arrives at the charging station; is a constant, representing the remaining battery power of electric vehicle j when it leaves the charging station; is a constant, representing the maximum energy storage capacity of the battery in electric vehicle j.

[0113] J is a set representing the set of electric vehicles j that are scheduled to charge in the current time period; j is a variable representing the j-th electric vehicle, j∈J; I is a set representing the set of electric vehicles i that are currently charging; i is a variable representing the i-th electric vehicle, i∈I; T is a time set; t is a variable representing the time period number, t∈T; Δt is a constant representing the time interval; O is a set containing the charging status of electric vehicles i that are currently charging; P is a set containing the power of electric vehicles i in each time period; S is a set containing the remaining power of electric vehicles i in each time period.

[0114] T DR T is a constant representing the demand response period; DRS T is a constant, representing the start time of the demand response; DRE T is a constant, representing the end of the demand response period; DR，START T is a constant, representing the period during which the power grid company initiates a demand response; DR，END The constant represents the end point of the power grid company's demand response; is a constant, representing the unit response capacity subsidy issued by the power grid company in time period t after initiating the load reduction invitation; q is a constant, representing the electricity price that electric vehicle load aggregators release to electric vehicle users after considering costs such as charging station operation and maintenance; REMA v is a constant representing the unit charge for electric vehicles parked at charging stations; t is a constant, representing the electricity price charged by the power grid company during time period t.

[0115] P FC P is a constant representing the fast charging power of the charging station. SC K is a constant representing the slow charging power of the charging station; MAX is a constant representing the maximum number of charging stations that can be activated during non-demand response periods.

[0116] S2. Initialize the demand response control parameters t and I, setting the current time period t=1, and the set of electric vehicles currently charging. Electric vehicle charging state set Power collection of electric vehicles at different times Collection of remaining battery power of electric vehicles at different times Indicates the empty set;

[0117] S3, according to Remove electric vehicles i that are not charging from the set I of electric vehicle users that are charging, where i∈I. This represents the time when the i-th electric vehicle leaves the charging station. Taking electric vehicle user i as an example, when... When the time comes, it can be removed from set I, at which point I = Ii.

[0118] S4. Determine whether the current time period t is within the demand response period. The determination condition is as follows:

[0119] T DRS ≤t≤T DRE

[0120] In the above formula, T DRS T is a constant, representing the start time of the demand response; DRE The constant represents the end of the demand response period;

[0121] If yes, proceed to step S7; if no, proceed to step S5.

[0122] S5. Determine whether the number of charging stations during the non-demand response period meets the charging needs of electric vehicle users who plan to charge. The determination condition is as follows:

[0123] |I|<K MAX

[0124] In the above formula, I is a set representing the set of electric vehicles currently charging; |I| is a constant representing the number of electric vehicles in set I; K MAX This is a constant, representing the maximum number of charging stations that can be activated during non-demand response periods;

[0125] If yes, it means there are extra charging stations available, then proceed to step S6; otherwise, proceed to step S9.

[0126] S6. Develop a charging plan for electric vehicle users with planned charging, then proceed to step S11. During non-demand response periods, if the number of charging stations is sufficient to meet the charging needs of electric vehicle users with planned charging, a charging plan for electric vehicle users is developed. During this process, no coordination between electric vehicle users is required. Specifically, step S6 includes the following steps:

[0127] S61. Determine the arrival time of each electric car j according to the first-come-first-served principle, and sort the electric cars j in set J.

[0128] S62. Initialize variable j, let j = 1;

[0129] S63. Calculate the number of charging users based on the number of electric vehicles in set I, i.e.:

[0130] K = K MAX -|I|

[0131] In the above formula, K is a variable, representing the K remaining charging piles at the charging station, and the first K users can charge their devices.

[0132] S64. Determine whether j < K holds. If it holds, proceed to step S65; otherwise, end.

[0133] S65. Develop a charging plan for the electric vehicle users who plan to charge. In step S65, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0134] S651. Construct a cost model for electric vehicle users with the goal of minimizing cost. Specifically, the first K electric vehicle users use the charging piles in the order of arrival. Taking the j-th electric vehicle as an example, the optimization goal is to minimize cost, and the cost is calculated as follows:

[0135]

[0136] In the above formula, is a variable representing the original cost of electric vehicle j; P j，t is a variable representing the charging power of electric vehicle j at time t, where P j，t ∈{P FC , P SC}; o j，t is a 0-1 Boolean variable, o j,t ∈{0, 1}, representing the charging state of electric vehicle j at time t. Charging is equal to 1, otherwise it is 0.

[0137] S652. Construct a charging power constraint model. The charging power of the electric vehicle satisfies the following constraints:

[0138] -(1 - u j,t )M + o j,t P FC ≤P j，t ≤o j,t P FC +(1 - u j,t )M

[0139] -u j,t M + o j,t P SC ≤P j，t ≤o j,t P SC +u j,t M

[0140] -o j,t M ≤ P j,t ≤o j,t M

[0141] In the above formula, u j，t is a 0-1 variable representing whether electric vehicle j uses fast charging at time t. Using fast charging is 1, otherwise it is 0; M is a constant representing a very large value.

[0142] S653. Construct a charging operation constraint model, the expression of which is:

[0143]

[0144] In the above formula, S j，t Let be a variable, representing the battery capacity of electric vehicle j during time period t; ρ is a constant, representing the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle charging station. This indicates that electric vehicle j is in a charging state after arriving at the charging station.

[0145] S654. Using the electric vehicle user cost model as the optimization objective and the charging power constraint model and charging operation constraint model as constraints, the electric vehicle user charging plan and charging level arrangement are optimized. Based on the determined optimization objective and constraints, this embodiment can choose to use algorithms such as genetic algorithm, greedy algorithm, simulated annealing or particle swarm optimization to find the global optimal solution or near-optimal solution, thereby obtaining the electric vehicle user charging plan and corresponding charging level arrangement. Existing technical means will not be elaborated on here.

[0146]

[0147]

[0148]

[0149] In the above formula, Let be a set representing the charging status of electric vehicle j at each time period; Let be a set representing the charging power of electric vehicle j at each time period; Indicates that electric vehicle j is in the time period The charging status; This indicates the charging state of electric vehicle j during time period t; Indicates that electric vehicle j is in the time period The charging status; Indicates that electric vehicle i is in the time period The charging power; This represents the charging power of electric vehicle i during time period t; Indicates that electric vehicle i is in the time period The charging power; Let be a set representing the battery capacity of electric vehicle j at each time period.

[0150] S66. Incorporate users who have formulated their electric vehicle user charging plans and charging level arrangements into set I, and merge the users' original charging plans and charging level arrangements into sets O and P, that is:

[0151]

[0152]

[0153]

[0154] I = I∪j

[0155] S67. Determine whether j < |J| is true, where |J| represents the number of electric vehicle users who plan to charge. If the condition j < |J| is true, let j = j + 1 and return to step S61; otherwise, end.

[0156] In this embodiment, during non-demand response periods, in order to effectively meet the charging needs of electric vehicle users who plan to charge, while optimizing the utilization rate of charging piles and reducing user waiting time, a charging plan for electric vehicle users is formulated. This not only improves charging efficiency and user experience, but also promotes the popularization of electric vehicles and the optimized use of energy. At the same time, it enhances the stability and reliability of the system, providing strong support for the development of electric vehicle charging services.

[0157] It can rationally allocate charging pile resources, reduce user waiting time, and improve the utilization rate of charging piles and overall charging efficiency. It also considers users' expected charging time and schedules charging as close as possible to their desired time period, thereby improving user satisfaction and charging experience. Furthermore, during non-demand response periods, by rationally scheduling charging, it can balance the grid load, avoid large-scale charging during peak grid periods, thereby reducing grid pressure and optimizing energy utilization.

[0158] By developing detailed charging plans and monitoring their implementation in real time, potential problems such as charging pile malfunctions and communication interruptions can be identified and resolved promptly, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire charging system. Furthermore, analysis of historical data reveals trends in charging demand and key indicators such as charging pile utilization rates, providing a scientific basis for future charging infrastructure planning and power grid dispatching.

[0159] S7. Determine whether the number of charging stations during the demand response period meets the charging needs of electric vehicle users who plan to charge. The determination condition is:

[0160]

[0161] In the above formula, K MAX This is a constant, representing the maximum number of charging piles that can be activated at a charging station during demand response. The maximum number of activated charging piles is calculated as follows:

[0162]

[0163] In the above formula, The rounding up symbol; P is a constant representing the estimated load after the electric vehicle charging station has reduced its load; FC This is a constant, representing the fast charging power of the charging station;

[0164] If yes, it means there are extra charging stations available, then proceed to step S6; otherwise, proceed to step S8.

[0165] S8. According to the charging order, the first K in set I MAX The electric vehicle user who started charging first will remain and continue charging. The remaining users will be removed from set I and their information updated. For example, when removing user i, the information for I, J, O, P, and J will be updated respectively. and The details are as follows:

[0166] I = Ii

[0167] J = J∪i

[0168]

[0169]

[0170]

[0171]

[0172]

[0173] In the above formula, Let be a set, representing the charging status of electric vehicle i in each time period according to the charging plan formulated in step S6; Let be a set, representing the charging power of electric vehicle i in each time period according to the charging plan formulated in step S6; Let be a set, representing the battery capacity of electric vehicle i at each time period after charging according to the charging plan formulated in step S6; The electric vehicle i is charged to the electric vehicle battery capacity at time period t according to the charging plan in step S6.

[0174] S9. Determine whether electric vehicle users who are currently charging and those who plan to charge meet the conditions for initiating electricity right trading. The conditions for initiating electricity right trading include purchasing electricity right and selling electricity right.

[0175] If yes, proceed to step S10; otherwise, proceed to step S11.

[0176] In step S9, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0177] S91. Calculate the charging time boundaries for electric vehicle users who are currently charging and those who are planning to charge.

[0178] The charging time limit for electric vehicle users who are currently charging is:

[0179] The maximum and minimum charging times for electric vehicle users who are currently charging are defined as follows:

[0180]

[0181]

[0182] In the above formula, ρ is a constant representing the maximum charging time for electric vehicle user i; ρ is a constant representing the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle charging pile, assuming that the charging efficiency of the charging piles in the charging station is consistent; Δt is the time interval. P is a constant representing the remaining battery power of electric vehicle i when it leaves the charging station; SC S is a constant representing the slow charging power of the charging station; i,t This indicates the charging time of electric vehicle i, which is currently being charged.

[0183] The charging time boundaries for electric vehicle users who plan to charge are:

[0184] The maximum and minimum charging times for electric vehicle users who plan to charge are defined as follows:

[0185]

[0186]

[0187] In the above formula, Let be a constant, representing the minimum charging time for electric vehicle user i; P is a constant, representing the maximum charging time for electric vehicle user i; FC This is a constant, representing the fast charging power of the charging station; is a constant, representing the battery charge of electric vehicle j when it arrives at the charging station; is a constant, representing the remaining charge of electric vehicle j when it leaves the charging station.

[0188] S92. Determine whether an electric vehicle user who is currently charging can complete charging before leaving. If so, the user can sell their electricity usage rights for the current time period t. Taking user i as an example, the user selling their electricity usage rights must satisfy the following constraints:

[0189]

[0190] In the above formula, Let I be a constant, representing the time when the i-th electric vehicle leaves the charging station; analyze the user set that satisfies the above constraints, denoted as I. SELL express.

[0191] S93. Determine whether the electric vehicle user scheduled to charge can complete charging before leaving. If not, the user must purchase the right to use electricity for the current time period t. Taking electric vehicle user j as an example, the user purchasing the right to use electricity must meet the following constraints:

[0192]

[0193] Analyze the set of users that satisfy the above constraints, using J BUY express.

[0194] S10. Optimize user charging plans for purchasing and selling electricity rights; in step S10, the specific process includes the following steps:

[0195] S101. Develop an electric vehicle charging plan for purchasing electricity usage rights, specifically:

[0196] During charging time period t, the charging power is fast charging power. The remaining battery level of the electric vehicle upon arrival at the charging station is then adjusted. Taking user j as an example, the remaining battery level of the electric vehicle upon arrival at the charging station is:

[0197]

[0198] S102. Electric vehicles that have sold electricity usage rights adjust their subsequent charging plans. In step S102, adjusting the subsequent charging plans includes the following steps:

[0199] S1021. Construct a cost model for electric vehicles after adjusting subsequent charging plans, as follows:

[0200]

[0201] In the above formula, Let be a variable, representing the actual cost of electric vehicle i after selling its electricity usage rights and adjusting its charging plan; Let be a variable, representing the electricity cost of electric vehicle i before it sells its electricity usage rights and adjusts its charging plan; is a constant representing the charge incurred when electric vehicle i stops at a charging station before selling its electricity rights and adjusting its charging plan; Let be a variable, representing the electricity cost of electric vehicle i after it sells its electricity usage rights and adjusts its charging plan; Let be a variable, representing the charge incurred when electric vehicle i parks at a charging station after selling its electricity rights and adjusting its charging plan; Let be a variable representing the subsidy that electric vehicle i receives for purchasing electricity rights.

[0202]

[0203]

[0204]

[0205]

[0206]

[0207] In the above formula, τ is an auxiliary variable; x i,j It is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether electric vehicle i sells the right to use electricity to electric vehicle j; 1 if it sells, 0 otherwise. q is a constant, representing the unit subsidy for electric vehicle j to purchase electricity rights; REMA is a constant representing the unit charge for an electric vehicle to be parked and charged at a charging station; and In the definition, P i,τ with o i,τ Take values ​​respectively and in, These represent electric vehicle i during the time period. and the charging status of t-1; in and In the definition, P i,τ with o i,τ All of these are variables to be solved; and With similar definitions, it represents the time it takes for electric vehicle i to arrive at the charging station; and With similar definitions, this refers to the electricity price that electric vehicle load aggregators release to electric vehicle users after taking into account costs such as charging pile operation and maintenance.

[0208] S1022, Based on cost The objective function for the electric vehicle load aggregator and the constraints for the electric vehicles are as follows:

[0209]

[0210] In the above formula, C represents the total cost for electric vehicle users who are currently charging after the charging plan adjustment.

[0211] The constraints for electric vehicles are:

[0212]

[0213] In the above formula, J BUY This indicates that the user of electric vehicle j who purchases the right to use electricity satisfies the constraints. A set;

[0214] S1023. Using the objective function of the electric vehicle load aggregator as the optimization objective, solve for the electricity cost under the constraints of electric vehicles. and fees variable P in i,τ with o i,τ The optimal solution is obtained, where variable P i,τ The optimal solution is: variable o i,τ The optimal solution is: Here, you can choose to use algorithms such as genetic algorithms, greedy algorithms, simulated annealing, or particle swarm optimization to find the global optimal solution or a near-optimal solution. We will not go into too much detail about the existing technical means here.

[0215] S1024, According to variable P i,τ with o i,τ Update the optimal solution set and in:

[0216]

[0217]

[0218] In the above formula, This represents the charging power of electric vehicle i at time t+1 after it has the right to use electricity during the sale period t; This indicates that after electric vehicle i has its electricity usage rights sold during time period t, it leaves the charging station. Charging power at that time; This indicates the charging status of electric vehicle i at time t+1 after it has acquired the right to use electricity during the sale period t; This indicates that after electric vehicle i has its electricity usage rights sold during time period t, it leaves the charging station. The charging status at that time.

[0219] S11. Determine if the current time period t is equal to the time set T; if yes, end; if no, proceed to the next time period t = t + 1 and return to step S1.

[0220] The electric vehicle demand response control method proposed in this embodiment can ensure that the charging station load drops during the demand response period while realizing mutual coordination among electric vehicles. By transferring the right to use electricity at charging piles, it can meet the needs of electric vehicle users who are waiting to charge, thus avoiding the situation where vehicles are waiting for charging piles.

[0221] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, this application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0222] The above embodiments provide a detailed description of the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time demand response control method for electric vehicles based on electricity right transfer, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Obtain information on electric vehicles, demand response control parameters, and charging stations; S2. Initialize demand response control parameters and Make the current period A collection of electric vehicles that are charging Electric vehicle charging state set Power collection of electric vehicles at different times Collection of remaining battery power of electric vehicles at different times , Indicates the empty set; S3, Electric vehicles that do not require charging From the collection of electric vehicle users who are charging Remove from the middle; S4. Determine the current time period Is it within the demand response period? If yes, proceed to step S7; if no, proceed to step S5. S5. Determine whether the number of charging stations during the non-demand response period meets the charging needs of electric vehicle users who plan to charge. If yes, it means there are extra charging stations available, then proceed to step S6; otherwise, proceed to step S9. S6. Develop a charging plan for electric vehicle users with a charging schedule, and then proceed to step S11; S7. Determine whether the number of charging stations during the demand response period meets the charging needs of electric vehicle users who plan to charge. If yes, it means there are extra charging stations available, then proceed to step S6; otherwise, proceed to step S8. S8. Based on the charging order, select a subset of users from those currently charging electric vehicles. Remove from the middle; S9. Determine whether electric vehicle users who are currently charging and those who plan to charge meet the conditions for initiating electricity right trading. The conditions for initiating electricity right trading include purchasing electricity right and selling electricity right. If yes, proceed to step S10; otherwise, proceed to step S11. S10. Optimize the charging plans for users who purchase or sell electricity rights; S11. Determine the current time period Is it equal to time? ; If so, then the process ends; If not, proceed to the next time period. Then return to step S1.

2. The real-time demand response control method for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric vehicle information includes , , , , Demand response control parameter information includes , , , , , , T , , , , , , , , , Charging station information includes , , ; in, Let be a constant, representing the th The time it takes for an electric vehicle to arrive at a charging station; Let be a constant, representing the th The time it takes for an electric vehicle to leave a charging station; The constant represents the electric vehicle. Battery charge level upon arrival at the charging station; The constant represents the electric vehicle. Remaining battery power when leaving the charging station; The constant represents the electric vehicle. The maximum energy storage capacity of the battery; Let be a set representing the electric vehicles scheduled to be charged during the current time period. A set; Let be a variable, representing the first... One electric car, ; Let be a set representing electric vehicles that are currently charging. A set; Let be a variable, representing the first... One electric car, ; The constant represents the time interval; Let the set be a collection of electric vehicles that are currently charging. The set of charging states; Let the set be a collection of electric vehicles that are currently charging. Power aggregation for each time period; Let the set be a collection of electric vehicles that are currently charging. Collection of remaining battery power for each time period; The constant represents the demand response period; The constant represents the start time of the demand response; The constant represents the end of the demand response period; The constant represents the period during which the power grid company initiates a demand response; The constant represents the end point of the power grid company's demand response; The constant represents the value after the power grid company initiates a load reduction invitation. Subsidies per unit of response capacity released during the specified time period; is a constant, representing the electricity price that electric vehicle load aggregators release to electric vehicle users after considering costs such as charging pile operation and maintenance; The constant represents the power grid company's... Electricity prices during specific time periods; This is a constant, representing the fast charging power of the charging station; This is a constant, representing the slow charging power of the charging station; is a constant representing the maximum number of charging stations that can be activated during non-demand response periods.

3. The real-time demand response control method for electric vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S6, the specific process includes the following steps: S61. Determine each electric vehicle according to the first-come, first-served principle. The arrival time of the set electric vehicles in Sort; S62. Initialize variables ,make ; S63, According to the set The number of electric vehicles within the area is used to calculate the number of charging users, i.e.: In the above formula, Let be a variable, representing the remaining charging stations One charging station, front Each user can charge their device; A constant indicates that the set to be computed is... The number of electric vehicles in the area; S64, Judgment Check if the condition is met. If it is met, proceed to step S65; otherwise, end. S65. Develop charging plans for electric vehicle users who plan their charging. S66. Incorporate users with established electric vehicle user charging plans and charging level arrangements into the aggregate. In this process, the user's original charging plan and charging level arrangement are merged into a set. and middle; S67, Judgment Whether it is valid, among which This indicates the number of electric vehicle users who plan to charge their vehicles, under the following conditions. Establishment Order Then return to step S61; otherwise, end.

4. The real-time demand response control method for electric vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S65, the specific process includes the following steps: S651. Construct an electric vehicle user cost model with the goal of minimizing costs. The optimization objective is to minimize costs, and the cost calculation is as follows: In the above formula, Let be a variable representing electric vehicles. The original cost; Let be a variable representing electric vehicles. exist The charging power during the time period, among which ; It is a 0-1 Boolean variable. , indicating electric vehicles exist The charging status during a given period is 1 if charging, otherwise 0. S652. Construct a charging power constraint model. The charging power of electric vehicles must satisfy the following constraints: In the above formula, The variable is 0-1, representing electric vehicles. During the period Whether to use fast charging: 1 for use, 0 for no other function; A constant represents a maximum value; S653. Construct a charging operation constraint model, the expression of which is: In the above formula, Let be a variable representing electric vehicles. exist Electric vehicle battery capacity over a given period of time; is a constant, representing the charging efficiency of electric vehicle charging stations; Indicates electric vehicles It is in a charging state after arriving at the charging station; S654. Using the electric vehicle user cost model as the optimization objective, and the charging power constraint model and charging operation constraint model as constraints, the electric vehicle user charging plan and charging level arrangement are optimized, namely: In the above formula, Let be a set, representing electric vehicles. Charging status at different times; Let be a set, representing electric vehicles. Charging power at different times; Indicates electric vehicles During the period The charging status; Indicates electric vehicles During the period The charging status; Indicates electric vehicles During the period The charging status; Indicates electric vehicles During the period The charging power; Indicates electric vehicles During the period The charging power; Indicates electric vehicles During the period The charging power; Let be a set, representing electric vehicles. Electric vehicle battery capacity at different times.

5. The real-time demand response control method for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S7, the judgment condition is: In the above formula, The constant represents the demand response period; A constant indicates that the set to be computed is... The number of electric vehicles in the area; This is a constant, representing the maximum number of charging piles that can be activated at a charging station during demand response. The maximum number of activated charging piles is calculated as follows: In the above formula, The rounding up symbol; is a constant, representing the estimated load after the electric vehicle charging station reduces its load; is a constant, representing the fast charging power of the charging station.

6. The real-time demand response control method for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S9, the specific process includes the following steps: S91. Calculate the charging time boundaries for electric vehicle users who are currently charging and those who are planning to charge. The charging time limit for electric vehicle users who are currently charging is: In the above formula, The constant represents the electric vehicle that is being charged. Maximum charging time; The constant represents the electric vehicle that is being charged. Minimum charging time; This is a constant, representing the charging efficiency of electric vehicle charging piles, and it is set that the charging efficiency of charging piles in the charging station is consistent. For time intervals; The constant represents the electric vehicle. Remaining battery power when leaving the charging station; This is a constant, representing the slow charging power of the charging station; Electric vehicles that are charging Charging time; The charging time boundaries for electric vehicle users who plan to charge are: In the above formula, The constant represents the number of electric vehicles scheduled to be charged. Minimum charging time; The constant represents the number of electric vehicles scheduled to be charged. Maximum charging time; This is a constant, representing the fast charging power of the charging station; The constant represents the electric vehicle. Battery charge level upon arrival at the charging station; The constant represents the electric vehicle. Remaining battery power when leaving the charging station; S92. Determine whether the user of an electric vehicle that is currently charging can complete charging before leaving. If so, the user can sell the current time slot. Electricity rights, electric vehicles that sell electricity rights The following constraints must be met: In the above formula, Let be a constant, representing the th The time it takes for an electric vehicle to leave a charging station; S93. Determine whether the electric vehicle user scheduled to charge can complete charging before leaving. If not, the user needs to purchase a charge for the current time slot. The right to use electricity, and the electric vehicle j that purchases the right to use electricity, must meet the following constraints: In the above formula, The constant represents the number of electric vehicles scheduled to be charged. Minimum charging time; The constant represents the number of electric vehicles scheduled to be charged. Maximum charging time.

7. The real-time demand response control method for electric vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S10, the specific process includes the following steps: S101. Develop an electric vehicle charging plan for purchasing electricity usage rights, specifically: During the period Charging is being performed at fast charging power. The remaining battery level of the electric vehicle upon arrival at the charging station is then adjusted as follows: In the above formula, The constant represents the electric vehicle. Battery charge level upon arrival at the charging station; This is a constant, representing the fast charging power of the charging station; This is a constant, representing the charging efficiency of electric vehicle charging piles, and it is set that the charging efficiency of charging piles in the charging station is consistent. The variable is 0-1, representing electric vehicles. Whether to sell electricity rights to electric vehicles A value of 1 indicates a sale, otherwise it is 0. The constant represents the time interval; This indicates that the user of electric vehicle j who purchases the right to use electricity satisfies the constraints. A set; S102. Adjust the subsequent charging plan for electric vehicles that have sold electricity rights.

8. The real-time demand response control method for electric vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S102, adjusting the subsequent charging plan includes the following steps: S1021. Construct a cost model for electric vehicles after adjusting subsequent charging plans, as follows: In the above formula, Let be a variable representing electric vehicles. The actual cost after selling electricity rights and adjusting the charging plan; Let be a variable representing electric vehicles. Electricity costs prior to the sale of electricity rights and adjustment of charging plans; The constant represents the electric vehicle. Charges incurred for parking at charging stations before the sale of electricity rights and adjustment of charging plans; Let be a variable representing electric vehicles. Electricity costs after selling electricity rights and adjusting charging plans; Let be a variable representing electric vehicles. The charges incurred when parking at a charging station after the sale of electricity rights and adjustment of the charging plan; Let be a variable representing electric vehicles. Subsidies obtained from purchasing electricity rights; in, In the above formula, As an auxiliary variable; The variable is 0-1, representing electric vehicles. Whether to sell electricity rights to electric vehicles A value of 1 indicates a sale, otherwise it is 0. The constant represents the electric vehicle. Subsidies for units that purchase electricity usage rights; is a constant representing the unit charge for an electric vehicle to be parked and charged at a charging station; and In the definition, and Take values ​​respectively and ,in, , They represent electric vehicles. During the period and The charging status; in and In the definition, and All of these are variables to be solved; Indicates electric vehicles Time of arrival at the charging station; This refers to the electricity price that electric vehicle load aggregators release to electric vehicle users after taking into account costs such as charging pile operation and maintenance; S1022, Based on cost The objective function for the electric vehicle load aggregator and the constraints for the electric vehicles are as follows: In the above formula, The total cost for electric vehicle users currently charging after the charging plan adjustment; The constraints for electric vehicles are: In the above formula, This indicates that the user of electric vehicle j who purchases the right to use electricity satisfies the constraints. A set; S1023. Using the objective function of the electric vehicle load aggregator as the optimization objective, solve for the electricity cost under the constraints of electric vehicles. and fees variables in and To obtain the optimal solution, where the variables The optimal solution is: ,variable The optimal solution is: ; S1024, Based on variables and Update the optimal solution set and ,in: In the above formula, Indicates electric vehicles During the sales period After obtaining the right to use electricity, The charging power; Indicates electric vehicles During the sales period After obtaining the right to use electricity, upon leaving the charging station Charging power at that time; Indicates electric vehicles During the sales period After obtaining the right to use electricity, The charging status; Indicates electric vehicles During the sales period After obtaining the right to use electricity, upon leaving the charging station The charging status at that time.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the real-time demand response control method for electric vehicles as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory being used to store a computer program that, when executed by the processor, implements the real-time demand response control method for electric vehicles as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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