Machining method and clamp

Abstract

The machining method is used for fixing a workpiece, the clamp comprises a base, the base is provided with a fixing part and a mounting face, the fixing part is used for fixing the base to a guide rail of a machine tool, and the mounting face is located on the side, away from the guide rail, of the base and is parallel to the plane where the guide rail is located; the fixing mechanisms are arranged on the base, the fixing mechanisms are arranged in pairs, the first plane of one workpiece is attached to the mounting surface, and when the second planes of the pair of workpieces are far away from the mounting surface, the fixing mechanisms in pairs are located at the positions corresponding to the pair of second planes correspondingly; the fixing mechanism comprises a screw, a nut and a pressing plate, the screw is perpendicularly arranged on the mounting face, the pressing plate penetrates through the screw, and the nut is located on the side, away from the mounting face, of the pressing plate and is in threaded connection with the screw. A third plane is arranged at the end, facing the workpiece, of the pressing plate, and the third plane is attached to the second plane when the nut is rotated to enable the pressing plate to move towards the mounting face to the first preset position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of parts processing, in particular to a processing method and a fixture. Background Art

[0002] When processing the planes of a hexahedron, two planes are usually processed in pairs, or the vertical plane is processed first, and then the other plane is processed while the two planes are perpendicular. However, this processing method has high requirements for the verticality of the fixture itself, and clamping and positioning errors are prone to occur during multiple clamping and positioning processes, thereby affecting the verticality and parallelism accuracy of the part itself, and then directly determining the dimensional accuracy of the part. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a processing method and fixture that can improve processing efficiency and processing accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present application provides a processing method and a fixture, which can improve processing efficiency and processing accuracy.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first aspect of the present application provides a processing method for processing a workpiece, wherein the workpiece is a hexahedron, has two pairs of mutually parallel first planes and a pair of mutually inclined second planes, and the workpiece is trapezoidal when viewed from one side, and a rectangular parallelepiped groove is provided on the first plane at one end where the two second planes are far away from each other, and an opening is formed on one of the first planes at one end of the groove, and a fourth plane is formed on the workpiece at the other end; the processing method comprises:

[0005] An installation fixture is installed on the transverse guide rail of the machine tool; the fixture includes a base, a fixing portion and a mounting surface are provided on the base, the fixing portion is detachably connected to the guide rail, and the mounting surface is located on a side of the base away from the guide rail and is parallel to the plane where the guide rail is located;

[0006] Determine the origin; a positioning block is provided on the mounting surface, the size of the positioning block is smaller than the groove, and a fifth plane is provided on a side corresponding to the fourth plane, the positioning block is square when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the mounting surface, the center of the positioning block is aligned according to the four sides of the square, and the center is determined as the origin;

[0007] Install the workpiece; the fixture also includes a slider and a pressure plate, the pressure plate is located on the side facing the fifth plane, and is slidably connected to the base along the direction of the fifth plane; the first plane of the two second planes of the workpiece that are away from each other at one end is attached to the mounting surface, so that the groove contains the positioning block, and the slider is controlled to slide and push the workpiece so that the fourth plane is attached to the fifth plane; the pressure plates are arranged in pairs at the two side positions of the positioning block, and are slidably connected to the base along the vertical direction of the mounting surface, and the paired pressure plates are respectively provided with inclined third planes at the corresponding positions of the two second planes, and the pressure plates are driven to move toward the mounting surface so that the third plane is attached to the second plane, thereby fixing the workpiece on the fixture;

[0008] The tool of the machine tool is controlled to process the three first planes exposed on the workpiece.

[0009] From the above, the workpiece can be positioned by the positioning block, and the workpiece can be pressed and fixed on the installation surface by the pressure plate, and the three first planes of the workpiece can be exposed. Therefore, the processing of the three first planes can be completed after one clamping and fixing, thereby reducing the difficulty of operation, reducing the operation steps, improving the processing efficiency, and shortening the processing cycle of the workpiece. In addition, by reducing the number of clamping times, the influence of clamping errors on processing accuracy can also be reduced. After one clamping, the parallelism and verticality of the three first planes are guaranteed by the accuracy of the machine tool, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece.

[0010] As a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the processing method further includes: before processing, calibrating at least one of the tools of the machine tool.

[0011] From the above, the machining accuracy can be improved by calibrating the tool before machining.

[0012] According to a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a fixture for fixing a workpiece, wherein the workpiece is a hexahedron, has two pairs of mutually parallel first planes and a pair of mutually inclined second planes, and the workpiece is trapezoidal when viewed from the side of one side; the fixture comprises: a base, wherein a fixing portion and a mounting surface are provided on the base, wherein the fixing portion is used to fix the base on a guide rail of a machine tool, wherein the mounting surface is located on a side of the base away from the guide rail and is parallel to a plane where the guide rail is located; a fixing mechanism, wherein the fixing mechanism is provided on the base, wherein the fixing mechanism is provided in pairs, wherein the first plane at one end of two second planes away from each other is in contact with the mounting surface, and when a pair of second planes are facing away from the mounting surface, the paired fixing mechanisms are respectively located at positions corresponding to the pair of second planes; the fixing mechanism comprises a screw, a nut and a pressing plate, wherein the screw is vertically provided on the mounting surface, the pressing plate is penetrated on the screw, and the nut is located on a side of the pressing plate away from the mounting surface and is threadedly connected to the screw; a third plane is provided on the pressing plate at one end facing the workpiece, and when the nut is rotated to move the pressing plate toward the mounting surface to a first predetermined position, the third plane is in contact with the second plane.

[0013] From the above, after the base is fixed on the guide rail of the machine tool, the nut can be turned to drive the pressure plate to move toward the installation surface, so that the third plane is in contact with the second plane, and the workpiece is pressed and fixed on the installation surface. In this way, a first plane can be tightly fixed on the installation surface, and three first planes can be exposed, so that the three first planes can be processed by the machine tool. That is, after one clamping, the three surfaces to be processed can be processed, which can reduce the difficulty of operation, reduce the operating steps, improve the processing efficiency, and shorten the processing cycle of the workpiece. In addition, by reducing the number of clamping times, the influence of clamping errors on processing accuracy can also be reduced. After one clamping, the parallelism and verticality of the three first planes are guaranteed by the accuracy of the machine tool, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece.

[0014] As a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the fixing mechanism further includes: a guide column, the guide column is vertically arranged on the mounting surface, the pressure plate is passed through the guide column, and is slidably connected to the guide column.

[0015] From the above, by vertically arranging the guide column on the mounting surface, the pressing plate is slidably connected with the guide column, so that when the nut pushes the pressing plate to move toward the mounting surface, the moving direction of the pressing plate can be guided. In this way, the stability of the pressing plate can be improved, and then the stability of the workpiece clamping and fixing can be improved, so that the processing accuracy of the workpiece can be improved.

[0016] As a possible implementation of the second aspect, the fixing mechanism further includes: a support column, which is arranged on the pressure plate, and when the nut pushes the pressure plate toward the installation surface to the first predetermined position, the support column abuts against the installation surface.

[0017] From the above, by providing the support column, when the nut pushes the pressing plate to move toward the mounting surface to the first predetermined position, that is, the third plane is in contact with the second plane, and the workpiece is pressed and fixed on the mounting surface, the pressing plate can be supported by the support column, thereby ensuring that the workpiece is parallel to the third mounting surface, and ensuring that the third plane is in contact with the second plane during the tightening process of the nut. In this way, the stability of the pressing plate can be improved, and then the stability of the workpiece being pressed and fixed can be improved, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece.

[0018] As a possible implementation of the second aspect, the screw is located at one end of the pressure plate close to the third plane, the guide column is located in the middle of the pressure plate, and the support column is located away from one end of the third plane.

[0019] From the above, by setting the screw at a position close to one end of the third plane, the thrust can be close to the third plane when the nut pushes the pressure plate. In this way, the thrust can be close to the force between the third plane and the second plane, thereby improving the stability of the pressure plate, and then improving the stability of the workpiece being pressed and fixed, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece. In addition, by setting the support column at a position away from one end of the third plane, the support column can be placed in a position away from the screw, thereby improving the parallelism between the pressure plate and the mounting surface when the third plane is attached to the second plane, and improving the fitting effect of the third plane and the second plane when the nut pushes the pressure plate to press the third plane against the second plane. In this way, the stability of the pressure plate can be improved, and then improving the stability of the workpiece being pressed and fixed, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece.

[0020] As a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the support column is threadedly connected to the pressure plate.

[0021] As described above, by threading the support column and the pressing plate, the length of the support column extending from the pressing plate toward the mounting surface can be adjusted, thereby making the clamp adaptable to workpieces of different sizes and models, thereby increasing the adaptability range of the clamp.

[0022] As a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the fixture further includes: a positioning mechanism, and the positioning mechanism is used to position the workpiece at a second predetermined position.

[0023] As described above, the workpiece is positioned at the second predetermined position by the positioning mechanism, so that the workpiece can be conveniently positioned when the workpiece is replaced, thereby improving the processing accuracy, reducing the operating difficulty, reducing the operating steps, improving the processing efficiency, and shortening the processing cycle of the workpiece.

[0024] As a possible implementation of the second aspect, a rectangular groove is provided on the first plane at one end of two second planes away from each other, one end of the groove is formed with an opening on one of the first planes, and the other end is formed with a fourth plane on the workpiece; the positioning mechanism includes: a positioning block, the positioning block is provided on the mounting surface, the size of the mounting surface is smaller than the groove, and when the workpiece is located at the second predetermined position, the positioning block abuts against the fourth plane.

[0025] As described above, the workpiece can be positioned by the cooperation between the positioning block and the fourth plane, so that the workpiece can be quickly fixed at the second predetermined position, thereby reducing the difficulty of operation, reducing the operation steps, improving the processing efficiency, and shortening the processing cycle of the workpiece.

[0026] As a possible implementation of the second aspect, the positioning mechanism further includes: a slider, which is arranged on the base at a position corresponding to the workpiece, located on a side of the workpiece away from the opening, and slides along an extension direction of the groove.

[0027] As described above, the slider can be controlled to slide on the mounting surface, thereby pushing the workpiece to move on the mounting surface, so that the fourth plane abuts against the positioning hole to achieve positioning of the workpiece. In this way, the difficulty of positioning the workpiece can be reduced, the operation steps can be reduced, the processing efficiency can be improved, and the processing cycle of the workpiece can be shortened.

[0028] As a possible implementation of the second aspect, a plurality of positioning keys are further provided on the side of the base facing away from the mounting surface, and the positioning keys are adapted to the mounting grooves of the guide rails of the machine tool. After the positioning keys are inserted into the mounting grooves, the positioning blocks are located in a third predetermined position.

[0029] From the above, by arranging the positioning member on the base, the position of the base can be positioned so that the positioning block is at the third predetermined position. Thus, the position accuracy of the workpiece positioned by the positioning block can be improved, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece. In addition, by positioning the position of the base through the positioning key, the operating difficulty of the base positioning can be reduced, the operating steps can be reduced, the processing efficiency can be improved, and the processing cycle of the workpiece can be shortened.

[0030] These and other aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the embodiment(s). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The following further illustrates the various features of the present invention and the relationship between the various features with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are all exemplary, some features are not shown in actual proportion, and some drawings may omit the conventional features in the field involved in the present application and are not necessary for the present application, or additionally show the features that are not necessary for the present application. The combination of the various features shown in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the present application. In addition, throughout this specification, the same figure numerals refer to the same content. The specific description of the drawings is as follows:

[0032] Figure 1 Three views of the workpiece in this application;

[0033] Figure 2 One of the structural diagrams for fixing the workpiece with machined flat-nose pliers;

[0034] Figure 3 The second structural diagram of the machined flat-nose pliers used to fix the workpiece;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a top orthographic structural diagram of the clamp in this application;

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the middle fixture in the BB direction;

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Orthographic projection structure diagram of the medium pressure plate in two directions;

[0038] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the middle fixture in CC direction;

[0039] Figure 8 Flow chart of the processing method in this application.

[0040] Description of Reference Numerals

[0041] 10 workpiece; 11 groove; 12 opening; 20 machined flat-nose pliers; 21 guide rail; 22 fixed jaws; 23 movable jaws; 30 shims; 40 fixture; 100 base; 110 fixed seat; 111 fixed portion; 112 positioning key; 120 mounting seat; 121 mounting surface; 200 fixing mechanism; 210 pressure plate; 220 screw; 230 nut; 240 guide column; 250 support column; 300 positioning mechanism; 310 positioning block; 320 guide body; 330 slider; 340 handle; 50 processing method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The words "first, second, third, etc." or module A, module B, module C and other similar terms in the specification and claims are only used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects. It is understandable that the specific order or sequence can be interchanged where permitted so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0043] In the following description, the numbers representing the steps, such as S110, S120, etc., do not necessarily mean that the steps must be executed in this manner. If permitted, the order of the previous and next steps can be interchanged, or they can be executed simultaneously.

[0044] The term "comprising" as used in the description and claims should not be interpreted as being limited to what is listed thereafter; it does not exclude other elements or steps. Therefore, it should be interpreted as specifying the presence of the features, integers, steps or components mentioned, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components and groups thereof. Therefore, the expression "a device comprising means A and B" should not be limited to a device consisting of components A and B only.

[0045] References to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in this specification mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing in various places in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but may refer to the same embodiment. In addition, in one or more embodiments, the particular features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any appropriate manner, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure.

[0046] Below, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the specific structure of the workpiece 10 in the present application is described in detail.

[0047] Figure 1 It is a three-view drawing of the workpiece 10 in this application, wherein: Figure 1 (a) is a lower side orthographic projection of the workpiece 10; Figure 1 (b) is a rear orthographic projection of the workpiece 10; Figure 1 (c) is the cross-sectional view along the AA direction in (a). Figure 1 As shown, the workpiece 10 to be processed in this application is a hexahedron, and the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece 10 includes two pairs of mutually parallel first planes S1 and a pair of mutually inclined second planes S2. When viewed in the front-to-back direction, the workpiece 10 is an isosceles trapezoid, that is, the left and right second planes S2 have the same inclination angle and opposite inclination directions. When viewed in the left-right direction and the up-down direction, the workpiece 10 is a rectangle. The front-to-back first plane S1 is perpendicular to the up-down first plane S1.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, a rectangular groove 11 is provided on the first plane S1 located on the lower side of the workpiece 10. The groove 11 extends in the front-to-back direction. An opening 12 is formed on one end of the groove 11 on the first plane S1 on the front side of the workpiece 10, and a fourth plane S4 is formed on the workpiece 10 at the other end of the groove 11.

[0049] Use machine tools Figure 1 The workpiece 10 in the machine is processed, and the existing method is to use a machined flat-nose pliers 20 to fix the workpiece 10. Below, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the steps of using a machined flat-nose pliers 20 to fix the workpiece 10 for machine tool processing are described.

[0050] Figure 2 One of the structural diagrams showing a machined flat-nose pliers 20 fixing a workpiece 10; Figure 3 The second structural diagram is a machined flat-nose pliers 20 for fixing the workpiece 10. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the first plane S1 on the lower side of the workpiece 10 is a reference plane, and the first plane S1 on the lower side of the workpiece 10 is processed in advance by grinding. The specific steps of using the machined flat-nose pliers 20 to fix the workpiece 10 for machine tool processing include:

[0051] Step S001, prepare the machined flat-nose pliers 20, and correctly install the machined flat-nose pliers 20 on the machine tool.

[0052] Step S002, prepare a rotatable three-sided milling cutter, correctly install the cutter into the tool mounting hole of the machine tool spindle, and install the matching alloy blade in the milling cutter blade mounting groove.

[0053] Step S003: Figure 2 As shown, prepare a suitable shim 30, place the shim 30 on the guide rail 21 of the machined flat-nosed pliers 20, fit the first plane S1 on the front side of the workpiece 10 with the shim 30, fit the first plane S1 on the lower side of the workpiece 10 with the fixed jaw 22 of the machined flat-nosed pliers 20, fit the first plane S1 on the upper side of the workpiece 10 with the movable jaw 23 of the machined flat-nosed pliers 20, and clamp the machined flat-nosed pliers 20.

[0054] Step S004 , firstly process the first plane S1 on the rear side of the workpiece 10 to ensure a dimension L1 between the first plane S1 and the fourth plane S4 on the rear side of the workpiece 10 .

[0055] Step S005, flip the workpiece 10 180 degrees, and place the first plane S1 on the rear side of the processed workpiece 10 as a reference on the shim 30 in the machined flat-nosed pliers 20, the first plane S1 on the lower side of the workpiece 10 fits with the fixed jaw 22 of the machined flat-nosed pliers 20, and the first plane S1 on the upper side of the workpiece 10 fits with the movable jaw 23 of the machined flat-nosed pliers 20, and the machined flat-nosed pliers 20 are clamped.

[0056] Step S006 , processing the first plane S1 on the rear side of the workpiece 10 to ensure a dimension L2 between the first planes S1 on the front and rear sides of the workpiece 10 .

[0057] Step S007: Figure 3 As shown, the workpiece 10 is flipped 90 degrees, and the first plane S1 on the lower side of the workpiece 10 is placed on the washer 30 in the machined flat-nosed pliers 20. The first plane S1 on the front side of the workpiece 10 is supported on the fixed jaw 22 of the machined flat-nosed pliers 20. The first plane S1 on the rear side of the workpiece 10 is fitted with the movable jaw 23 of the machined flat-nosed pliers 20 to clamp the machined flat-nosed pliers 20.

[0058] Step S008 , processing the first plane S1 on the upper side of the workpiece 10 to ensure a dimension L3 between the first planes S1 on the upper and lower sides of the workpiece 10 .

[0059] Step S009: completing the processing of the workpiece 10.

[0060] From the above content, it can be seen that the perpendicularity and parallelism of the three first planes S1 to be processed (front, back, and upper side) of the workpiece 10 in this application are 0.03 mm. Figure 2 , Figure 3 When the machined flat-nose pliers 20 are used to fix the workpiece 10 for machining, the three first planes S1 need to be machined in sequence. The verticality between the three first planes S1 of the workpiece 10 is ensured by the machined flat-nose pliers 20. When the verticality of the machined flat-nose pliers 20 cannot meet the machining requirements of the workpiece 10, the quality of the part cannot be guaranteed. In addition, since the size of the groove 11 of the workpiece 10 blank varies greatly, under the existing machining technology conditions, the positioning reference used does not match the design reference of the workpiece 10. Therefore, the size L1 between the first plane S1 and the fourth plane S4 on the rear side of the workpiece 10 varies greatly, and batch production cannot be performed at one time. The tool must be re-calibrated when each workpiece 10 is machined, which results in low machining efficiency and easy scrapping.

[0061] Below, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, possible embodiments of the clamp 40 in the present application are exemplarily described.

[0062] Figure 4 It is a top orthographic structural diagram of the clamp 40 in this application; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the middle fixture 40 in the BB direction; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Orthographic projection structure diagram of the middle pressure plate 210 in two directions. Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, the clamp 40 in the present application includes a base 100 and a fixing mechanism 200. Among them, the base 100 is provided with a fixing portion 111 and a mounting surface 121, the fixing portion 111 is used to fix the base 100 on the guide rail of the machine tool, and the mounting surface 121 is located on the side of the base 100 away from the guide rail and is parallel to the plane where the guide rail is located. The fixing mechanism 200 is arranged on the base 100, and the fixing mechanism 200 is arranged in pairs, and the first plane S1 of the two second planes S2 that are away from one end is in contact with the mounting surface 121. When a pair of second planes S2 are facing away from the mounting surface 121, the paired fixing mechanisms 200 are respectively located at positions corresponding to the pair of second planes S2. The fixing mechanism 200 includes a screw 220, a nut 230 and a pressing plate 210, the screw 220 is vertically arranged on the mounting surface 121, the pressing plate 210 is penetrated on the screw 220, and the nut 230 is located on the side of the pressing plate 210 away from the mounting surface 121 and is threadedly connected with the screw 220. The pressing plate 210 is provided with a third plane S3 at one end facing the workpiece 10 . When the nut 230 is rotated to move the pressing plate 210 toward the mounting surface 121 to the first predetermined position, the third plane S3 is in contact with the second plane S2 .

[0063] From the above, after the base 100 is fixed on the guide rail of the machine tool, the pressing plate 210 can be driven to move toward the mounting surface 121 by rotating the nut 230, so that the third plane S3 is in contact with the second plane S2, and the workpiece 10 is pressed and fixed on the mounting surface 121. In this way, a first plane S1 can be tightly fixed on the mounting surface 121, so that the three first planes S1 are exposed, so that the three first planes S1 can be processed by the machine tool. That is, after one clamping, the three surfaces to be processed can be processed, which can reduce the difficulty of operation, reduce the operating steps, improve the processing efficiency, and shorten the processing cycle of the workpiece 10. In addition, by reducing the number of clamping times, the influence of clamping errors on processing accuracy can also be reduced. After one clamping, the parallelism and verticality of the three first planes S1 are guaranteed by the accuracy of the machine tool, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece 10.

[0064] In some embodiments, Figure 5 As shown, the fixing mechanism 200 further includes a guide post 240, which is vertically arranged on the mounting surface 121, and the pressing plate 210 is passed through the guide post 240 and is slidably connected with the guide post 240. Thus, by vertically arranging the guide post 240 on the mounting surface 121, the pressing plate 210 is slidably connected with the guide post 240, so that when the nut 230 pushes the pressing plate 210 to move toward the mounting surface 121, the moving direction of the pressing plate 210 can be guided. Thus, the stability of the pressing plate 210 can be improved, and then the stability of the pressing and fixing of the workpiece 10 can be improved, so that the processing accuracy of the workpiece 10 can be improved.

[0065] In some embodiments, Figure 5As shown, the fixing mechanism 200 further includes a support column 250, which is arranged on the pressing plate 210. When the nut 230 pushes the pressing plate 210 to move to the first predetermined position toward the mounting surface 121, the support column 250 abuts against the mounting surface 121. Thus, by providing the support column 250, when the nut 230 pushes the pressing plate 210 to move to the first predetermined position toward the mounting surface 121, that is, the third plane S3 abuts against the second plane S2, and the workpiece 10 is pressed and fixed on the mounting surface 121, the pressing plate 210 can be supported by the support column 250, so that the workpiece 10 can be kept parallel to the third mounting surface 121, and the nut 230 can be kept in the process of tightening so that the third plane S3 and the second plane S2 are kept in a state of abutment. Thus, the stability of the pressing plate 210 can be improved, and then the stability of the pressing and fixing of the workpiece 10 can be improved, so that the processing accuracy of the workpiece 10 can be improved.

[0066] In some embodiments, Figure 5 As shown, the screw 220 is located at one end of the pressing plate 210 close to the third plane S3, the guide column 240 is located in the middle of the pressing plate 210, and the support column 250 is located at one end away from the third plane S3. Thus, by setting the screw 220 at a position close to one end of the third plane S3, the thrust can be close to the third plane S3 when the nut 230 pushes the pressing plate 210. Thus, the thrust can be close to the action force between the third plane S3 and the second plane S2, thereby improving the stability of the pressing plate 210, and then improving the stability of the workpiece 10 being pressed and fixed, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece 10. In addition, by setting the support column 250 at one end away from the third plane S3, the support column 250 can be in a position away from the screw 220, thereby improving the parallelism between the pressing plate 210 and the mounting surface 121 when the third plane S3 is attached to the second plane S2, and improving the fitting effect of the third plane S3 and the second plane S2 when the nut 230 pushes the pressing plate 210 to press the third plane S3 and the second plane S2. Thereby, the stability of the pressing plate 210 can be improved, and then the stability of pressing and fixing the workpiece 10 can be improved, so that the processing accuracy of the workpiece 10 can be improved.

[0067] In some embodiments, the support column 250 is threadedly connected to the pressing plate 210. Thus, by threading the support column 250 to the pressing plate 210, the length of the support column 250 extending from the pressing plate 210 toward the mounting surface 121 can be adjusted. Thus, the fixture 40 can be adapted to workpieces 10 of different sizes and models, thereby increasing the adaptability range of the fixture 40.

[0068] In some embodiments, Figure 4As shown, the fixture 40 further includes a positioning mechanism 300, and the positioning mechanism 300 is used to position the workpiece 10 at the second predetermined position. Thus, the workpiece 10 is positioned at the second predetermined position by the positioning mechanism 300, so that the workpiece 10 can be conveniently positioned when the workpiece 10 is replaced. Thus, the processing accuracy can be improved, the operation difficulty can be reduced, the operation steps can be reduced, the processing efficiency can be improved, and the processing cycle of the workpiece 10 can be shortened.

[0069] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the positioning mechanism 300 includes a positioning block 310, which is arranged on the mounting surface 121. The size of the mounting surface 121 is smaller than the groove 11. When the workpiece 10 is located at the second predetermined position, the positioning block 310 abuts against the fourth plane S4. Thus, the workpiece 10 can be positioned by the cooperation between the positioning block 310 and the fourth plane S4, so that the workpiece 10 can be quickly fixed at the second predetermined position. Thus, the operation difficulty can be reduced, the operation steps can be reduced, the processing efficiency can be improved, and the processing cycle of the workpiece 10 can be shortened.

[0070] Figure 7 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the middle fixture 40 in the CC direction. Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, the positioning mechanism 300 further includes a slider 330, which is disposed on the base 100 at a position corresponding to the workpiece 10, located on the side of the workpiece 10 away from the opening 12, and slides along the extension direction of the groove 11. Thus, the slider 330 can be controlled to slide on the mounting surface 121, so that the workpiece 10 can be pushed to move on the mounting surface 121, so that the fourth plane S4 abuts against the positioning hole, so as to achieve the positioning of the workpiece 10. Thus, the difficulty of positioning the workpiece 10 can be reduced, the operation steps can be reduced, the processing efficiency can be improved, and the processing cycle of the workpiece 10 can be shortened.

[0071] In some embodiments, Figure 5 As shown, the side of the base 100 facing away from the mounting surface 121 is also provided with a plurality of positioning keys 112, and the positioning keys 112 are adapted to the mounting grooves of the guide rails of the machine tool. After the positioning keys 112 are inserted into the mounting grooves, the positioning block 310 is placed in the third predetermined position. Thus, by providing positioning members on the base 100, the position of the base 100 can be positioned so that the positioning block 310 is placed in the third predetermined position. Thus, the position accuracy of the workpiece 10 positioned by the positioning block 310 can be improved, thereby improving the machining accuracy of the workpiece 10. In addition, by positioning the position of the base 100 by the positioning keys 112, the difficulty of positioning the base 100 can be reduced, the operation steps can be reduced, the machining efficiency can be improved, and the machining cycle of the workpiece 10 can be shortened.

[0072] The above content is an exemplary description of a possible embodiment of the clamp 40 in the present application. Next, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the specific structure of the clamp 40 in the present application is described in detail in a specific embodiment.

[0073] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the fixture 40 in this embodiment includes a base 100, a fixing mechanism 200 and a positioning mechanism 300. The base 100 is used to be detachably connected to the guide rail of the machine tool, the positioning mechanism 300 is used to position the workpiece 10, and the fixing mechanism 200 is used to press and fix the workpiece 10 on the base 100 so that the machine tool can process the workpiece 10.

[0074] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the base 100 includes a fixing base 110 and a mounting base 120, and the mounting base 120 is fixed on the fixing base 110. In the vertical direction, the fixing base 110 is a rectangular block component as a whole, and the four corners of the fixing base 110 are removed by cutting or other methods to reduce the weight of the fixing base 110. The fixing portion 111 is provided at the middle position of both ends of the fixing base 110, and the fixing portion 111 can be in the form of a through hole or a Figure 4 The notch-shaped structure shown in the figure can be used to fix the base 100 on the guide rail of the machine tool by passing the screw 220 through the fixing part 111. Two positioning keys 112 are arranged on the lower surface of the fixing part 111. When viewed from the up and down direction, the two positioning keys 112 are arranged on the straight line where the two fixing parts 111 are located. The shape of the positioning keys 112 is adapted to the installation groove of the guide rail of the machine tool. After the positioning keys 112 are inserted into the installation groove, the positioning block 310 is in the third predetermined position, which facilitates the screw 220 to pass through the fixing part 111 to fix the base 100 on the guide rail of the machine tool.

[0075] like Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, the mounting seat 120 is a rectangular strip-shaped component, which is stepped on the fixed seat 110. Looking from the up and down direction, the mounting seat 120 extends on the straight line where the two fixing parts 111 are located. The upper surface of the mounting seat 120 is a rectangular mounting surface 121, which is used to mount and fix the workpiece 10. The width L1 of the mounting surface 121 (the size of the mounting surface 121 in the front and rear direction) is smaller than the width L2 of the workpiece 10 (i.e., the distance between the two corresponding first planes S1 in the direction perpendicular to the fourth plane S4) to avoid the mounting surface 121 from interfering with and colliding with the tool during the processing and damaging the tool. In addition, by arranging the mounting seat 120 on the fixed seat 110, the mounting surface 121 can be raised from the upper surface of the fixed seat 110. Specifically, the height of the mounting surface 121 protruding from the fixed seat 110 can be set to be greater than or equal to 4 mm. Because when processing the side of the workpiece 10, the bottom surface of the tool needs to be lower than the positioning surface 121, otherwise some unprocessed marks will be left on the workpiece 10. After the workpiece 10 is pressed and fixed on the mounting surface 121 by the fixing mechanism 200, the two side surfaces (the first planes S1 on the front and rear sides) corresponding to the workpiece 10 and the mounting seat 120 are lifted from the upper surface of the fixing seat 110, which can provide a tolerance space for the tool, thereby facilitating processing by the machine tool and improving the processing effect.

[0076] like Figure 4-Figure 6 As shown, two fixing mechanisms 200 are provided, which are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the middle of the mounting seat 120. After the workpiece 10 is placed on the mounting surface 121, the two fixing mechanisms 200 can press and fix the workpiece 10 on the mounting surface 121 from the left and right sides of the workpiece 10. The fixing mechanism 200 includes a pressing plate 210, a screw 220, a nut 230, a guide column 240 and a support column 250. Among them, the pressing plate 210 is a rectangular strip-shaped component, and a third plane S3 is provided at one end of the pressing plate 210 facing the middle of the mounting seat 120. The third plane S3 is in an inclined state. When the pressing plate 210 is in a horizontal state, it can fit with the second plane S2 of the workpiece 10 on the mounting surface 121. The screw 220 is vertically arranged on the base 100 and is threadedly connected to the fixing seat 110 and the mounting seat 120. The pressing plate 210 is inserted on the screw 220 at a position close to the third plane S3. After the nut 230 is threadedly connected with the screw 220, the pressing plate 210 can be pushed to move on the screw 220 by rotating the nut 230, thereby adjusting the distance between the pressing plate 210 and the mounting surface 121 so that the third plane S3 is in contact with the second plane S2. In this way, the workpiece 10 can be pressed against the mounting surface 121 by the pressing plate 210.

[0077] like Figure 5The guide post 240 is vertically fixed on the mounting surface 121, and the middle position of the pressing plate 210 is passed through the guide post 240 and is slidably connected to the guide post 240. When the nut 230 pushes the pressing plate 210 to move on the screw 220, the guide post 240 can guide the moving direction of the pressing plate 210 so that the pressing plate 210 and the mounting surface 121 remain parallel to each other, thereby improving the stability of the pressing plate 210.

[0078] When the pressing plate 210 presses the workpiece 10 against the mounting surface 121, the pressing plate 210 will be subjected to a reaction force from the workpiece 10, driving the pressing plate 210 to tilt one end of the third plane S3 with the nut 230 as a fulcrum. In response to this, a support column 250 is provided on the pressing plate 210, so that the support column 250 is located at a position of the pressing plate 210 away from one end of the third plane S3, and the support column 250 provides support for the other end of the pressing plate 210 to prevent the other end of the pressing plate 210 from rotating downward, thereby preventing the end of the pressing plate 210 where the third plane S3 is set from tilting upward, so that the rock plate 210 remains parallel to the mounting surface 121. The support column 250 is threadedly connected to the pressing plate 210, and extends vertically downward from the lower surface of the pressing plate 210. The lengths of the support columns 250 in the two fixing mechanisms 200 are the same, and the length of the support columns 250 extending downward from the pressing plate 210 is set such that when the support columns 250 of the two fixing mechanisms 200 abut against the mounting surface 121, the third planes S3 of the two pressing plates 210 are respectively closely attached to the two second planes S2 of the workpiece 10, and drive the workpiece 10 to move and position to the middle position of the mounting surface 121 in the left-right direction. Specifically, since the lengths of the support columns 250 extending downward from the pressing plate 210 in the two fixing mechanisms 200 are the same, if the workpiece 10 is not in the middle position of the mounting surface 121 in the left-right direction, for example, close to the left side, when the pressing plate 210 of the fixing mechanism 200 located on the left side moves downward under the drive of the nut 230, the third plane S3 on the pressing plate 210 will first be attached to the second plane S2 on the left side of the workpiece 10. At this time, the support column 250 of the left fixing mechanism 200 is not in contact with the mounting surface 121. The nut 230 is continuously rotated to drive the pressing plate 210 to descend. Since the second plane S2 and the third plane S3 are inclined planes, the pressing plate 210 will push the workpiece 10 to move toward the middle position of the mounting surface 121 in the left-right direction. Finally, when the pressing plates 210 of the two fixing mechanisms 200 reach the first predetermined position, the support columns 250 of the two fixing mechanisms 200 are respectively in contact with the mounting surface 121, and the two third planes S3 are respectively tightly fitted with the two second planes S2. While the workpiece 10 is pressed against the mounting surface 121, the workpiece 10 is positioned in the left-right direction, so that the workpiece 10 is in the middle position of the mounting surface 121 in the left-right direction. In this way, the workpiece 10 can be pressed and fixed by the two fixing mechanisms 200 while being in the middle position of the mounting surface 121, that is, the workpiece 10 can be positioned in the left-right direction.

[0079] like Figure 4 As shown, the positioning mechanism 300 is used to position the workpiece 10 at the second predetermined position, that is, after the workpiece is in the middle position of the mounting surface 121 in the left-right direction, the positioning mechanism 300 positions the workpiece 10 on the mounting surface 121 in the front-to-back direction. The positioning mechanism 300 includes a positioning block 310, a guide body 320, a slider 330 and a handle 340. Among them, the positioning block 310 is in the shape of a square protrusion, which is protrudingly arranged at the middle position of the mounting surface 121 in the front-to-back direction and the left-to-right direction, and the two paired fixing mechanisms 200 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the positioning block 310. The size of the positioning block 310 is smaller than the groove 11, so that after the first plane S1 of the lower side of the workpiece 10 is attached to the mounting surface 121, the positioning block 310 can be pushed into the groove 11 from the opening 12 of the groove 11. The rear side surface of the positioning block 310 is a fifth plane S5. When the workpiece 10 is pushed to the second predetermined position, the fifth plane S5 is attached to the fourth plane S4 in the groove 11. Thus, the workpiece 10 can be positioned and fixed in the front-to-back direction by the cooperation between the fifth plane S5 and the fourth plane S4, so that the workpiece 10 can be quickly positioned and fixed at the second predetermined position. The fifth plane S5 is adapted to the fourth plane S4 in the groove 11, so that when the positioning block 310 abuts against the fourth plane S4, the fifth plane S5 and the fourth plane S4 are closely fitted, so that the firmness and stability of fixing the workpiece 10 can be improved.

[0080] like Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, two guide bodies 320 are provided, fixedly mounted on the fixing seat 110, located at the rear side of the mounting seat 120, and spaced apart from the mounting seat 120. The guide bodies 320 are block-shaped, and the two guide bodies 320 are spaced apart, forming a slideway extending in the front-to-back direction on the upper surface of the fixing seat 110. The slideway is adapted to the shape of the slider 330, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, the slideway and the slider 330 are divided into two rectangular parts in the front-to-back direction, the lower part is large in size, and the upper part is small in size, thereby limiting the movement of the slider 330, so that the slider 330 can only slide in the front-to-back direction. The handle 340 is set on the slider 330 at a side away from the mounting seat 120. The handle 340 is threadedly connected to the slider 330 at one end facing the slider 330, and the slider 330 can be driven to move in the front-to-back direction through the handle 340. Therefore, the slider 330 can be controlled to slide on the mounting surface 121 by the handle 340, so that the workpiece 10 can be pushed to move on the mounting surface 121, so that the fourth plane S4 abuts against the rear surface of the positioning block 310 to achieve the positioning of the workpiece 10.

[0081] Each guide body 320 is provided with four holes, which are arranged in a square array, specifically, at the four corners of the square, so that the four holes are arranged at 45° angles to each other. Some of the four holes are pin holes 321, and the other part of the holes are mounting holes 322. Specifically, it can be as follows Figure 4 As shown in , the two holes set at a 45° angle are pin holes 321, and the other two holes set at a 45° angle are mounting holes 322. When the guide body 320 is installed on the fixing seat 110, the pin hole 321 can provide positioning for the guide body 320 through the cooperation between the positioning pin and the pin hole 321, so as to prevent the guide body 320 from moving in the front, back, left and right directions when the user operates the handle 340 to drive the slider 330 to slide in the front and back directions, thereby avoiding affecting the accuracy and stability of the operation. The mounting hole 322 is a stepped hole, and the guide body 320 can be fixed to the fixing seat 110 by passing a hexagon socket screw through the mounting hole 322. If the guide body 320 or the slider 320 needs to be replaced due to wear, the screw can be unscrewed and the positioning pin can be knocked out, and the guide body 320 and the slider 330 can be replaced conveniently and quickly.

[0082] like Figure 4 As shown, the mounting seat 120 and the guide body 320 are spaced apart in the front-to-back direction to leave processing space for the tool, and to avoid the tool hitting the guide body 320 during the processing and causing unnecessary tool loss. Specifically, the distance between the mounting seat 120 and the guide body 320 in the front-to-back direction is greater than (the width L2 of the workpiece 10-the width L1 of the mounting surface 121) / 2+the tool diameter. Thus, processing space can be left for the tool, and to avoid the tool hitting the guide body 320 during the processing and causing unnecessary tool loss.

[0083] The above content describes in detail the specific structure of the clamp 40 in the present application in a specific embodiment. Next, based on the clamp 40 in the above embodiment, the specific steps of the processing method 50 in the present application are described in detail.

[0084] Figure 8 Flow chart of the processing method 50 in this application. Figure 8 As shown, the processing method 50 in the present application uses the above-mentioned fixture 40 to fix the workpiece 10 on the machine tool, and the machine tool processes the workpiece 10. The specific steps include:

[0085] Step S901 , installing the fixture 40 .

[0086] In step S901, the positioning keys 112 on the fixture 40 are aligned with the installation grooves of the CNC machine tool transverse guide rails, the fixture 40 is placed flat on the machine tool guide rails, and the fixture 40 is fixed on the machine tool guide rails using the mounting screws 220 through the fixing parts 111 on the base 100.

[0087] Step S902: Install the cutting tool.

[0088] In step S902, a cylindrical milling cutter with a diameter of 12 to 16 is selected, and the cylindrical milling cutter is installed in a matching elastic chuck, and then the elastic chuck is installed in the tool mounting taper hole of the machine tool spindle and the elastic chuck fastening nut 230 is tightened, so that the cylindrical milling cutter is correctly installed on the CNC machine tool spindle.

[0089] Step S903: Write a numerical control program.

[0090] In step S903, a CNC machining program is written by software. First, a machining program for machining workpiece 10 size L1 is compiled, followed by a machining program for L2, and finally a machining program for L3. The machining program is stored in a disk and copied to the CNC machine tool host.

[0091] Step S904: determine the origin.

[0092] In step S904, the center of the positioning block 310 in the fixture 40 is aligned by table, that is, the center of the positioning block 310 viewed in the up and down direction, and the center is determined as the origin of the machine tool.

[0093] Step S905 , installing the workpiece 10 .

[0094] In step S905, the first plane S1 (a ground surface pre-processed by grinding) at the bottom of the workpiece 10 is supported and attached to the mounting surface 121 of the fixture 40, so that the groove 11 on the workpiece 10 contains the positioning block 310. The fourth plane S4 of the workpiece 10 is attached to the fifth plane S5 of the positioning block 310. Specifically, the handle 340 pushes the slider 330 to slide in the front-to-back direction, so that the slider 330 pushes the workpiece 10 to slide in the front-to-back direction, so that the fourth plane S4 of the workpiece 10 is tightly attached to the fifth plane S5 of the positioning block 310. After the attachment is completed, the handle 340 drives the slider 330 to slide in the front-to-back direction, so that the slider 330 is separated from the workpiece 10. The pressing plate 210 is slid downward through the guide column 240 until the third plane S3 of the pressing plate 210 is tightly fitted with the second plane S2 of the workpiece 10 , and the nut 230 is tightened and pressed on the pressing plate 210 through the screw 220 , so that the pressing plate 210 fixes the workpiece 10 in the fixture 40 .

[0095] Step S906: tool setting.

[0096] In step S906, firstly, the handwheel mode is selected for the No. 1 face milling cutter (the milling cutter is an alloy end milling cutter with a diameter of 12 to 16), and the paper plugging method is used to align the tool, and the mounting surface 121 of the fixture 40 and the rear surface of the positioning block 310 are aligned until the tool contacts the paper plug and the paper plug cannot move. The machine tool mechanical coordinate value is entered into the No. 1 tool compensation column in the tool compensation interface, and the No. 1 tool alignment is completed. Then, the handwheel mode is selected for the No. 2 fast-feed blade milling cutter (the milling cutter is a fast-feed blade milling cutter with a diameter of 12), and the paper plugging method is used to align the tool, and the mounting surface 121 of the fixture 40 and the rear surface of the positioning block 310 are aligned until the tool contacts the paper plug and the paper plug cannot move. The machine tool mechanical coordinate value is entered into the No. 2 tool compensation column in the tool compensation interface, and the No. 2 tool alignment is completed. Next, for the No. 3 end mill (the milling cutter is a 12mm diameter end mill), the machine tool selects the handwheel mode and uses the paper plugging method to align the tool. Align the mounting surface 121 of the fixture 40 with the rear surface of the positioning block 310 until the tool contacts the paper plug and the paper plug cannot move. Enter the machine tool mechanical coordinate value into the No. 3 tool compensation column in the tool compensation interface, and the No. 3 tool alignment is completed.

[0097] Step S907 , processing the first plane S1 on the rear side of the workpiece 10 .

[0098] In step S907, the CNC machine tool is started, and the No. 2 fast feed cutter roughly mills the first plane S1 on the rear side of the workpiece 10 in upper and lower layers (0.2 layers, spindle forward rotation, speed S5000, feed F1000), leaving a margin of about 0.1mm, and the No. 3 cutter finishes the workpiece 10 with an end mill to ensure the size L1.

[0099] Step S908 , processing the first plane S1 on the front side of the workpiece 10 .

[0100] In step S908, the CNC machine tool is started, and the No. 2 fast feed cutter roughly mills the first plane S1 on the rear side of the workpiece 10 in upper and lower layers (0.2 layers, spindle forward rotation, speed S5000, feed F1000), leaving a margin of about 0.1mm, and the No. 3 cutter finishes the workpiece 10 with an end mill to ensure the size L2.

[0101] Step S909 , processing the first plane S1 on the upper side of the workpiece 10 .

[0102] In step S909, when the part dimensions L1 and L2 are guaranteed, the first plane S1 on the upper side of the workpiece 10 is finally processed. The No. 1 cutter face milling cutter (spindle forward rotation, speed S2000, feed F300) rough mills the first plane S1 on the upper side of the workpiece 10, leaving a margin of about 0.1mm, and the No. 1 cutter face milling cutter finishes the part to ensure the size L3.

[0103] Step S910: the procedure ends.

[0104] In step S910 , after the measured dimensions are qualified, the two nuts 230 of the clamp 40 are loosened, the workpiece 10 is removed, and the processing of the workpiece 10 is completed.

[0105] From the above, the workpiece 10 can be positioned by using the inner cavity support positioning method, and the three surfaces to be processed (the front, rear, and upper first plane S1 of the workpiece 10) can be processed after the workpiece 10 is clamped once. This can reduce the difficulty of operation, reduce the operating steps, improve the processing efficiency, shorten the processing cycle of the workpiece 10, improve the one-time inspection pass rate of the workpiece 10, significantly reduce the scrap generation rate, reduce the number of clamping times, and reduce labor intensity. In addition, by reducing the number of clamping times, the influence of clamping errors on processing accuracy can also be reduced. After one clamping, the parallelism and verticality of the three first planes S1 are guaranteed by the accuracy of the machine tool, which is simpler and more convenient than the method of relying on machined flat-nose pliers to ensure the verticality of parts, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece 10.

[0106] The present invention adopts inner cavity positioning, which is more accurate than the original processing method that adopts outer surface positioning, ensures the coincidence of design datum, process datum and processing datum, avoids the problem of excessive dimensional jump caused by uneven blank margin, and solves the problem of high rate of defective products of size L.

[0107] The present invention drives the workpiece 10 to move to the second predetermined position by sliding the slider 310 in the front-to-back direction, so that the fourth plane S4 of the workpiece 10 is aligned with the fifth plane S5 of the positioning block, so that the fourth plane S4 can remain relatively parallel to the vertical plane extending in the left-right direction, thereby making the positioning of the workpiece 10 more accurate.

[0108] The present invention adopts a method in which the inclined surface of the pressure plate contacts the inclined surface of the workpiece and passes through the fixture guide column to press the workpiece to prevent the pressure plate 210 from sliding due to the pressing of the inclined surface, so that the position of the pressure plate 210 is relatively fixed, and the workpiece 10 is fixed more firmly and not easy to loosen, thereby better ensuring the verticality of the workpiece 10. The present invention improves the verticality of the workpiece 10 after processing from the original less than or equal to 0.1 to the current less than or equal to 0.02, and the parallelism is improved from the original less than or equal to 0.1 to the current less than or equal to 0.02, achieving a qualitative leap.

[0109] Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present application is described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may also include more other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, all of which belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A processing method, characterized in that: Used to process a workpiece, the workpiece is a hexahedron, has two pairs of mutually parallel first planes and a pair of mutually inclined second planes, the workpiece is trapezoidal when viewed from one side, a rectangular parallelepiped groove is provided on the first plane at one end of the two second planes away from each other, one end of the groove is formed with an opening on one of the first planes, and the other end is formed with a fourth plane on the workpiece; the processing method comprises: An installation fixture is installed on the transverse guide rail of the machine tool; the fixture includes a base, a fixing portion and a mounting surface are provided on the base, the fixing portion is detachably connected to the guide rail, and the mounting surface is located on a side of the base away from the guide rail and is parallel to the plane where the guide rail is located; Determine the origin; a positioning block is provided on the mounting surface, the size of the positioning block is smaller than the groove, and a fifth plane is provided on a side corresponding to the fourth plane, the positioning block is square when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the mounting surface, the center of the positioning block is aligned according to the four sides of the square, and the center is determined as the origin; Install the workpiece; the fixture also includes a slider and a pressure plate, the pressure plate is located on the side facing the fifth plane, and is slidably connected to the base along the direction of the fifth plane; the first plane of the two second planes of the workpiece that are away from each other at one end is attached to the mounting surface, so that the groove contains the positioning block, and the slider is controlled to slide and push the workpiece so that the fourth plane is attached to the fifth plane; the pressure plates are arranged in pairs at the two side positions of the positioning block, and are slidably connected to the base along the vertical direction of the mounting surface, and the paired pressure plates are respectively provided with inclined third planes at the corresponding positions of the two second planes, and the pressure plates are driven to move toward the mounting surface so that the third plane is attached to the second plane, thereby fixing the workpiece on the fixture; The tool of the machine tool is controlled to process the three first planes exposed on the workpiece.

2. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Before machining, at least one of the tools of the machine tool is calibrated.

3. A clamp, characterized in that: Used to fix a workpiece, the workpiece is a hexahedron, has two pairs of mutually parallel first planes and a pair of mutually inclined second planes, and the workpiece is trapezoidal when viewed from one side; the fixture includes: A base, wherein the base is provided with a fixing portion and a mounting surface, wherein the fixing portion is used to fix the base on the guide rail of the machine tool, and the mounting surface is located on a side of the base away from the guide rail and is parallel to the plane where the guide rail is located; A fixing mechanism, wherein the fixing mechanism is arranged on the base, and the fixing mechanism is arranged in pairs, and the first plane at one end of two second planes away from each other is in contact with the mounting surface, and when a pair of second planes are facing away from the mounting surface, the paired fixing mechanisms are respectively located at positions corresponding to the pair of second planes; the fixing mechanism comprises a screw, a nut and a pressure plate, the screw is vertically arranged on the mounting surface, the pressure plate is penetrated on the screw, and the nut is located on the side of the pressure plate away from the mounting surface and is threadedly connected with the screw; the pressure plate is provided with a third plane at one end facing the workpiece, and when the nut is rotated to move the pressure plate toward the mounting surface to the first predetermined position, the third plane is in contact with the second plane.

4. The clamp according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixing mechanism also includes: A guide column is vertically arranged on the mounting surface, and the pressure plate is passed through the guide column and is slidably connected to the guide column.

5. The clamp according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixing mechanism also includes: A support column is arranged on the pressure plate, and when the nut pushes the pressure plate to move toward the installation surface to the first predetermined position, the support column abuts against the installation surface.

6. The clamp according to claim 5, characterized in that: The screw is located at a position of the pressure plate close to one end of the third plane, the guide column is located in the middle of the pressure plate, and the support column is located far away from one end of the third plane.

7. The clamp according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support column is threadedly connected to the pressing plate.

8. The clamp according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that: A rectangular parallelepiped groove is provided on the first plane at one end of two second planes away from each other, one end of the groove is formed with an opening on one of the first planes, and the other end is formed with a fourth plane on the workpiece; and a positioning mechanism is also included, the positioning mechanism comprising: A positioning block is arranged on the mounting surface, the mounting surface has a size smaller than the groove, and when the workpiece is located at the second predetermined position, the positioning block abuts against the fourth plane.

9. The clamp according to claim 8, characterized in that The positioning mechanism also includes: A slider is arranged on the base at a position corresponding to the workpiece, located on a side of the workpiece away from the opening, and slides along the extension direction of the groove.

10. The clamp according to claim 8, characterized in that A plurality of positioning keys are also arranged on the side of the base facing away from the installation surface. The positioning keys are matched with the installation grooves of the guide rails of the machine tool. After the positioning keys are inserted into the installation grooves, the positioning block is located at a third predetermined position.

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