A high-stress hard rock mixed rock tunnel TBM jamming escape method

Abstract

The application discloses a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel TBM jamming and escape method, which comprises reinforcing treatment on a shield region and a front of a working face, orderly building triangular steel bars on a TBM cutter head, uniformly arranging a plurality of high-frequency vibration drilling tools and high-pressure water outlet equipment on an upper end of the TBM shield, and respectively expanding a left pilot tunnel and a right pilot tunnel on both sides of the front of the TBM shield. Compared with the prior art, the high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel TBM jamming and escape method has the advantages of avoiding TBM cutter head and TBM shield lock caused by falling broken rocks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of TBM jammer technology, and in particular to a method for freeing a TBM jammer from a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] TBM jamming primarily involves the cutterhead and shield getting stuck. Cutterhead jamming typically occurs in weakly cemented tunnel sections such as fractured or altered rock zones, caused by the pressure on the cutterhead exceeding its torque due to the collapse of loose surrounding rock. Specific situations include: large rock masses collapsing and jamming the cutterhead due to rock face fracturing; mud and sand gushing out from the face submerging the cutterhead and preventing its rotation; mudstone softening and sticking to the cutterhead after contact with water; and rocks falling and pressing down on the TBM head in areas with hidden fissures and cleavage fissures. Shield jamming mainly occurs in areas of large surrounding rock deformation, where the stress caused by deformation exceeds the TBM's freeing thrust, which is the root cause of shield jamming. Shield jamming includes: surrounding rock collapse jamming the shield shell; surrounding rock convergence causing the shield shell to be tightly wrapped; excessive diameter reduction deformation during tunneling in weak, expansive mudstone causing the TBM to seize; or diameter reduction effects caused by high ground stress. TBM jamming caused by attitude deviation typically occurs when the bearing capacity of the bottom invert arch in the TBM excavation space decreases after being soaked in water, preventing the TBM from effectively adjusting its orientation, or when the TBM's deviation is too large, causing its attitude to deviate too far from the design position, making it impossible for the TBM to continue excavation. For tunnels involving high-stress hard mixed rock, which has many hidden fissures, these fissures open and continuously deteriorate after unloading under high ground stress conditions. At many structural planes, geologically termed rigid or hard structural planes, these collapse after unloading, resulting in landslides. Rock fragments of varying sizes fall into the gaps in the cutterhead, jamming it and causing the TBM to jam. Furthermore, if rockbursts of varying degrees occur at this time, the hidden fissures in the rock will open and collapse, with surrounding rock falling between the shield and the normal top surrounding rock, causing the shield to seize and resulting in TBM jamming.

[0003] TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) jamming active extrication technologies mainly include pilot tunnel decompression, pre-reinforcement, TBM excavation widening, TBM equipment modification, and other special methods. While pilot tunnel decompression effectively solves jamming problems, it significantly disrupts the site environment and can easily create additional engineering risks. Pre-reinforcement, while addressing potential risks in advance, is technically challenging, costly, and has limited effectiveness in extremely complex geological conditions. TBM excavation widening and equipment modification offer some flexibility but require additional technical support and cost, and may affect the overall performance of the TBM. Furthermore, other special methods such as freezing and retreating, while feasible in specific situations, are complex to operate and carry certain safety risks. For special geological environments, appropriate and effective treatment methods are required.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a method for TBM cutterhead and shield to escape from jamming in high-stress hard mixed rock tunnels, so as to achieve the technical effect of TBM cutterhead and shield escaping from jamming in high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel environment and to continue normal tunneling, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the aforementioned problems in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a TBM jamming evacuation technology for high-stress hard mixed rock tunnels, so as to achieve the technical problem of TBM cutterhead and shield evacuation and normal tunneling in the environment of high-stress hard mixed rock tunnels.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for freeing a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel. The method includes: reinforcing the shield area and the area in front of the tunnel face; arranging and grouting umbrella-type hollow grouting anchors on both sides behind the TBM shield; orderly constructing triangular steel reinforcement rows above the TBM cutterhead, arranged along the circumferential direction of the TBM cutterhead; uniformly arranging several high-frequency vibrating drill high-pressure water discharge devices at the upper end of the TBM shield; and excavating the left and right pilot tunnels on both sides in front of the TBM shield, respectively; the high-frequency vibrating drill high-pressure water discharge device is an integrated device combining a high-frequency vibrating drill and a high-pressure water discharge device.

[0007] In the first aspect, the umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchor bolt includes: a first grouting anchor bolt body, the first grouting anchor bolt body having a hollow cylindrical structure, and a plurality of first anchor bolt grout outlet holes spaced apart on the first grouting anchor bolt body; one end of the first grouting anchor bolt body is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped anchor head, and the anchor head has a plurality of air inlet holes.

[0008] In the first aspect, the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor further includes an umbrella support head, which includes: a plurality of tightly fitting frames, the plurality of tightly fitting frames being evenly distributed around one end of the first grouting anchor body; each tightly fitting frame including a first fitting movable rod and a second fitting movable rod; one end of each first fitting movable rod being fixedly connected to the outer wall of one end of the first grouting anchor body; the other end of each first fitting movable rod being movably connected to one end of the corresponding second fitting movable rod; and a fixing umbrella support nut. The umbrella support nut is slidably sleeved on one end of the first grouting anchor rod body, and the other end of each of the second fitting movable rods is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the fixed umbrella support nut. The outer side wall of one end of the first grouting anchor rod body is provided with a snap-fit ​​groove, which is located on the side of the fixed umbrella support nut closer to the anchor head. The snap-fit ​​groove is adapted to the fixed umbrella support nut so that when the first grouting anchor rod body is pulled, the fixed umbrella support nut slides along the first grouting anchor rod body towards the anchor head and snaps into the snap-fit ​​groove.

[0009] In the first aspect, the umbrella support head further includes: a plurality of triangular support rods, the number of which matches the number of the plurality of close-fitting frames, each of the triangular support rods having a first connecting hole in the middle; a plurality of sets of spring telescopic devices, each set of spring telescopic devices corresponding to one of the triangular support rods, each set of spring telescopic devices including two spring telescopic devices, one end of one spring telescopic device being fixedly connected to one end of the corresponding triangular support rod, and the other end of one spring telescopic device being fixedly connected to the middle of the corresponding first close-fitting movable rod; one end of the other spring telescopic device... The other end of one of the corresponding triangular support rods is fixedly connected, and the other end of the other spring telescopic member is fixedly connected to the middle of the corresponding second fitting movable rod; wherein, the umbrella support head also includes a connecting telescopic frame buckle, one end of each first fitting movable rod is provided with a second connecting hole, one end of each second fitting movable rod is provided with a second connecting hole, and the connecting telescopic frame buckle movably connects one end of one first fitting movable rod to one end of the corresponding second fitting movable rod and the middle end of the corresponding triangular support rod through the first connecting hole, the second connecting hole, and the third connecting hole.

[0010] In the first aspect, the umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchor further includes: two connecting sleeves, each of which has a grout outlet hole in the middle; a second grouting anchor body, on which a plurality of second anchor outlet holes are spaced apart, one end of the second grouting anchor body being fixedly connected to the other end of the first grouting anchor body through one of the connecting sleeves; a third grouting anchor body, on which a plurality of third anchor outlet holes are spaced apart, one end of the third grouting anchor body being fixedly connected to the other end of the second grouting anchor body through another connecting sleeve; and an outlet hole is provided at the other end of the third grouting anchor body. A vent; a grout stopper, the grout stopper having a frustum-shaped structure, a grout stopper through hole in the middle of the grout stopper that matches the outer diameter of the third grouting anchor rod, the grout stopper being fitted onto the other end of the third grouting anchor rod, and several grout outlet holes of the third anchor rod located on the upper part of the grout stopper; a pad, the pad having a square structure, a pad hole in the middle of the pad that matches the outer diameter of the third grouting anchor rod, the pad being fitted onto the other end of the third grouting anchor rod and abutting against the grout stopper, the pad being located on the lower part of the grout stopper; a fixing nut, the fixing nut being fitted onto the other end of the third grouting anchor rod and abutting against the pad.

[0011] In the first aspect, the arrangement of umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolts on both sides behind the TBM shield specifically includes: shrinking the TBM shield and the TBM cutterhead, drilling, and cleaning holes on the inner wall of the fractured surrounding rock above the tunnel to obtain anchor bolt holes; inserting the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolts into the anchor bolt holes, pulling the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolts to open the umbrella head and make the grout stop plug abut against the opening of the anchor bolt hole, then installing the pad and the fixing nut, and then injecting grout into the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolts. Grouting is stopped when grout return occurs, and grouting is completed; the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolts are evenly spaced perpendicular to the inner wall of the fractured surrounding rock.

[0012] In the first aspect, the high-frequency vibratory drill high-pressure water discharge device includes: a crushed stone discharge channel, which has a cylindrical structure and a crushed stone discharge port on one end sidewall, with a crushed stone discharge movable gate at the discharge port; a drill bit, which is fixedly connected to one end of the crushed stone discharge channel; a plurality of multi-spiral cutting heads, each of which has a serrated structure, and the plurality of multi-spiral cutting heads are evenly arranged around the outer sidewall of the other end of the crushed stone discharge channel; and a water storage device, which is located above the plurality of multi-spiral cutting heads. The water storage device, fixed on the outer wall of the crushed stone discharge channel, includes a water inlet and a water outlet; a high-pressure water spraying device, adjacent to the drill bit, including an inlet, which is fixedly connected to the water outlet via a high-pressure water pipe, and is obliquely fixed on the outer wall of the crushed stone discharge channel; and a booster pump, fixed on the inner wall of one end of the crushed stone discharge channel, with its output end connected to the water inlet via a water pipe and its input end detachably connected to the internal water supply source of the TBM via a water pipe.

[0013] In the first aspect, the high-pressure water discharge equipment of the high-frequency vibrating drill bit further includes: a telescopic coupling rod, the telescopic coupling rod having a cylindrical structure, one end of the telescopic coupling rod having an elliptical cross-section structure, and one end of the telescopic coupling rod being fixedly connected to the other end of the crushed stone discharge channel; a rotary telescopic screw rod, the rotary telescopic screw rod being adapted to the telescopic coupling rod, the rotary telescopic coupling rod having a helical structure, and the rotary telescopic screw rod being fixedly surrounding the telescopic coupling rod; a fixed base, the fixed base having a threaded structure, one end of the fixed base being fixedly connected to the TBM shield; and a rotary motor, the fixed end of the rotary motor being fixedly connected to the other end of the fixed base, and the rotating end of the rotary motor being fixedly connected to the other end of the telescopic coupling rod.

[0014] In the first aspect, the high-frequency vibratory drill high-pressure water output device further includes a control rotation device, which includes a power supply and a control rotation system, and the control rotation system is connected to the rotary motor; wherein the power supply is connected to the control rotation system, the rotary motor, the high-pressure water spray device, and the pressurizing pump respectively.

[0015] In the first aspect, both the outer perimeter of the left guide tunnel and the outer perimeter of the right guide tunnel are supported by steel arch frames.

[0016] Beneficial effects:

[0017] This invention discloses a method for freeing a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel. The method involves inserting umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchors into the fractured surrounding rock 9 above the shield area and above the tunnel face, and then grouting to reinforce the surrounding rock in the working area ahead of the tunnel face. This prevents the fractured surrounding rock 9 from falling and causing the TBM shield to seize up. In addition, triangular steel reinforcement bars are arranged above the TBM cutterhead. These bars are short, dense, and stable. During TBM cutterhead operation, the triangular steel reinforcement bars above the cutterhead prevent the fractured rock from collapsing and falling into the gaps of the TBM cutterhead, thus preventing the TBM cutterhead from seizing up. The TBM can continue to operate even when it gets stuck. During TBM operation, rocks of varying sizes may fall from the fractured surrounding rock 9 above the TBM shield. When rocks fall, the high-frequency vibrating drill bit uses high-pressure water to break the falling rocks into smaller fragments, and the high-pressure water washes away the rock fragments to prevent the TBM shield from seizing and causing the TBM to get stuck. The high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel TBM stuck excavation method of the present invention also expands the pilot tunnel on both sides in front of the TBM shield, which facilitates the manual clearing of the fractured rocks in the gap between the TBM cutterhead, further preventing the fractured rocks from causing the TBM cutterhead to get stuck and causing the TBM to get stuck. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a side view schematic diagram of the structure for escaping a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the structure of the triangular steel bar row built above the TBM cutter head of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor rod of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the umbrella support head of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the high-frequency vibration drilling high-pressure water output device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure label:

[0025] 1. TBM Shield;

[0026] 2. Umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolt; 201. First grouting anchor bolt body; 202. Anchor head; 203. Air inlet; 204. Umbrella support head; 2041. Tight-fitting frame; 20411. First fitting movable rod; 20412. Second fitting movable rod; 2042. Fixing umbrella support bracket nut; 2043. Triangular support rod; 2044. Spring expansion joint; 2045. Connecting expansion frame buckle; 205. Connecting sleeve; 206. Second grouting anchor bolt body; 207. Third grouting anchor bolt body; 208. Grout stop plug; 209. Pad; 210. Fixing nut;

[0027] 3. TBM cutter head;

[0028] 4. Triangular steel reinforcement bar arrangement;

[0029] 5. High-frequency vibratory drill bit high-pressure water outlet equipment; 501. Crushed stone discharge channel; 502. Crushed stone discharge movable gate; 503. Drill bit; 504. Multi-spiral cutting head; 505. Water storage device; 506. High-pressure spraying device; 507. Pressurization pump; 508. Telescopic coupling rod; 509. Rotary telescopic screw; 510. Fixed base; 511. Rotation control device;

[0030] 6. Left pilot tunnel;

[0031] 7. Right pilot tunnel;

[0032] 8. Steel arch frame;

[0033] 9. Broken surrounding rock. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this specification, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this specification are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] like Figures 1-5As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a method for freeing a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel. The method includes: reinforcing the shield area and the area in front of the tunnel face; arranging umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolts 2 on both sides behind the TBM shield 1 and grouting them; orderly constructing triangular steel bar rows 4 above the TBM cutterhead 3, and arranging the triangular steel bar rows 4 along the circumferential direction of the TBM cutterhead 3 above the TBM cutterhead 3; evenly arranging several high-frequency vibrating drill high-pressure water discharge devices 5 at the upper end of the TBM shield 1; and excavating the left guide tunnel 6 and the right guide tunnel 7 on both sides in front of the TBM shield 1 respectively; the high-frequency vibrating drill high-pressure water discharge device 5 is a device that integrates the high-frequency vibrating drill and the high-pressure water discharge device.

[0037] This invention discloses a method for freeing a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel. The method involves inserting umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchors into the fractured surrounding rock 9 above the shield area and above the tunnel face, and then grouting to reinforce the surrounding rock in the working area ahead of the tunnel face. This prevents the fractured surrounding rock 9 from falling and causing the TBM shield to seize up. In addition, triangular steel reinforcement bars are arranged above the TBM cutterhead. These bars are short, dense, and stable. During TBM cutterhead operation, the triangular steel reinforcement bars above the cutterhead prevent the fractured rock from collapsing and falling into the gaps of the TBM cutterhead, thus preventing the TBM cutterhead from seizing up. The TBM can continue to operate even when it gets stuck. During TBM operation, rocks of varying sizes may fall from the fractured surrounding rock 9 above the TBM shield. When rocks fall, the high-frequency vibrating drill bit uses high-pressure water to break the falling rocks into smaller fragments, and the high-pressure water washes away the rock fragments to prevent the TBM shield from seizing and causing the TBM to get stuck. The high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel TBM stuck excavation method of the present invention also expands the pilot tunnel on both sides in front of the TBM shield, which facilitates the manual clearing of the fractured rocks in the gap between the TBM cutterhead, further preventing the fractured rocks from causing the TBM cutterhead to get stuck and causing the TBM to get stuck.

[0038] In some possible implementations, the umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchor rod 2 includes: a first grouting anchor rod body 201, which has a hollow cylindrical structure and is provided with a plurality of first anchor rod grout outlet holes at intervals; one end of the first grouting anchor rod body 201 is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped anchor head 202, and the anchor head is provided with a plurality of air inlet holes 203.

[0039] Specifically, the first grouting anchor body has a hollow cylindrical structure, and several first anchor grout outlet holes are arranged along the axial direction of the first grouting anchor body to facilitate grouting in the anchor body and to facilitate the flow of grout from the anchor body into the surrounding rock to reinforce the surrounding rock; the anchor head has an arc-shaped structure to facilitate the insertion of the anchor into the anchor hole, and several air inlets are opened on the anchor head to reduce air resistance when the anchor body is inserted into the anchor hole, and at the same time, it is also used for grout outflow.

[0040] In some possible implementations, the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor 2 further includes an umbrella support head 204, which comprises: a plurality of tightly fitting frames 2041, the plurality of tightly fitting frames 2041 being evenly distributed around one end of the first grouting anchor body 201; each tightly fitting frame 2041 including a first fitting movable rod 20411 and a second fitting movable rod 20412; one end of each first fitting movable rod 20411 being fixedly connected to the outer wall of one end of the first grouting anchor body 201; the other end of each first fitting movable rod 20411 being movably connected to one end of the corresponding second fitting movable rod 20412; and a fixing umbrella support nut 2. 042, the fixed umbrella support nut 2042 is slidably sleeved on one end of the first grouting anchor rod body 201, and the other end of each of the second fitting movable rods 20412 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the fixed umbrella support nut 2042; wherein, a snap-fit ​​groove is provided on the outer side wall of one end of the first grouting anchor rod body 201, the snap-fit ​​groove is located on the side of the fixed umbrella support nut 201 near the anchor head 202, the snap-fit ​​groove is adapted to the fixed umbrella support nut 2042 so that when the first grouting anchor rod body 201 is pulled, the fixed umbrella support nut 2042 slides along the first grouting anchor rod body 201 toward the anchor head 202 and snaps into the snap-fit ​​groove.

[0041] Specifically, when the umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchor is inserted into the anchor hole, the umbrella head adheres to the first grouting anchor body. After the umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchor is inserted into the anchor hole, when the umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchor is pulled outward, the umbrella head opens, making the umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchor more firmly fixed in the fractured surrounding rock 9. The first and second fitting movable rods are movably connected to form a tight-fitting frame. Since one end of the first fitting movable rod is fixedly connected to the first grouting anchor body, and the other end of the second fitting movable rod is fixed to the umbrella support nut. The fixed umbrella support nut is slidable on the first grouting anchor body, allowing the tight-fitting frame to extend and fold on the first grouting anchor body due to the sliding of the fixed umbrella support nut. This causes the connecting ends of the first and second fitting movable rods to expand outward and embed into the side wall of the anchor hole. A snap-fit ​​groove adapted to the fixed umbrella support nut is provided on the first grouting anchor body, so that when the tight-fitting frame is folded up, the fixed umbrella support nut is limited on the first grouting anchor body and snaps into the snap-fit ​​groove, preventing the tight-fitting frame from extending back after folding up.

[0042] In some possible implementations, the umbrella support head 204 further includes: a plurality of triangular support rods 2043, the number of which matches the number of the plurality of close-fitting frames 2041, each of which has a first connecting hole in the middle; a plurality of sets of spring telescopic devices 2044, each set of which corresponds to one of the triangular support rods 2043, each set of which includes two spring telescopic devices, one end of which is fixedly connected to one end of the corresponding triangular support rod 2043, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the middle of the corresponding first fitting movable rod 20412; and another spring telescopic device... One end of the device 2044 is fixedly connected to the other end of a corresponding triangular support rod 2043, and the other end of the spring telescopic device 2044 is fixedly connected to the middle of the corresponding second fitting movable rod 20412; wherein, the umbrella head 204 also includes a connecting telescopic frame buckle 2045, one end of each first fitting movable rod 20411 is provided with a second connecting hole, one end of each second fitting movable rod 20412 is provided with a second connecting hole, and the connecting telescopic frame buckle 2045 movably connects one end of a first fitting movable rod 20411 to one end of a corresponding second fitting movable rod 20412 and the middle end of a corresponding triangular support rod 2043 through the first connecting hole, the second connecting hole, and the third connecting hole.

[0043] Specifically, the middle end of the triangular support rod, the first fitting movable rod, and the second fitting connecting rod are connected by a telescopic buckle, allowing the triangular support rod, the first fitting movable rod, and the second fitting movable rod to be movably connected. The two ends of the triangular support rod are fixedly connected to the first fitting movable rod and the second fitting movable rod respectively by spring telescopic devices. When the tight fitting frame folds and the connecting ends of the first fitting movable rod and the second fitting movable rod protrude outward, the angle between the triangular support rod and the first fitting movable rod and the second fitting movable rod changes under the action of the folding force of the first fitting movable rod and the second fitting movable rod and the force of the spring telescopic device, respectively. The triangular support rod forms a certain angle with the first fitting movable rod and the second fitting movable rod respectively, thereby further increasing the lateral contact area between the umbrella support head and the broken surrounding rock 9 in the anchor hole, so that the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor rod is further fixed in the broken surrounding rock 9.

[0044] In some possible implementations, the umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchor 2 further includes: two connecting sleeves 205, each of which has a grout outlet hole in the middle; a second grouting anchor body 206, on which a plurality of second anchor outlet holes are spaced apart, one end of which is fixedly connected to the other end of the first grouting anchor body 201 through one of the connecting sleeves 205; a third grouting anchor body 207, on which a plurality of third anchor outlet holes are spaced apart, one end of which is fixedly connected to the other end of the second grouting anchor body 206 through another connecting sleeve 205; and an air vent hole is provided at the other end of the third grouting anchor body 207; and a grout stop plug 2. 08. The grout-stopping plug 208 has a 208-shaped frustum column structure. A grout-stopping through hole adapted to the outer diameter of the third grouting anchor rod body 207 is opened in the middle of the grout-stopping plug 208. The grout-stopping plug 208 is sleeved on the other end of the third grouting anchor rod body 207. Several grout outlet holes of the third anchor rod are located on the upper part of the grout-stopping plug 208. A pad 209 has a square structure. A pad hole adapted to the outer diameter of the third grouting anchor rod body 207 is opened in the middle of the pad 209. The pad 209 is sleeved on the other end of the third grouting anchor rod body 207 and abuts against the grout-stopping plug 208. The pad 209 is located on the lower part of the grout-stopping plug 208. A fixing nut 210 is sleeved on the other end of the third grouting anchor rod body 207 and abuts against the pad 209.

[0045] Specifically, the first grouting anchor body is fixedly connected to the second grouting anchor body, and the second grouting anchor body is fixedly connected to the third grouting anchor body using connecting sleeves, extending the length of the umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchor body to further reinforce the fractured surrounding rock 9. Grout outlet holes are evenly distributed at intervals on the first, second, and third grouting anchor bodies, allowing grout to flow out of the anchor holes and into the fractured surrounding rock 9 during grouting, further reinforcing the fractured surrounding rock 9. A grout stopper is used to block the gap between the third grouting anchor body and the anchor hole, preventing grout from flowing directly out of the gap during grouting and affecting the grouting effect. A pad is used to further seal the gap between the grout stopper and the anchor hole wall. A fixing nut is used to fix the position of the grout stopper and the pad on the third grouting anchor body, ensuring a tighter fit between the grout stopper and the pad and the fractured surrounding rock.

[0046] In some possible implementations, the arrangement of umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolts 2 on both sides behind the TBM shield 1 specifically includes: shrinking the TBM shield 1 and the TBM cutterhead 3, drilling, and cleaning holes on the inner wall of the fractured surrounding rock 8 above the tunnel to obtain anchor bolt holes; inserting the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolts 2 into the anchor bolt holes, pulling the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolts 2 to open the umbrella head 204 and make the grout stop plug 208 abut against the opening of the anchor bolt hole, then installing the pad 209 and the fixing nut 210, and then injecting grout into the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolts 2. Grouting is stopped when grout return occurs, and the grouting is completed; the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolts 2 are evenly spaced perpendicular to the inner wall of the fractured surrounding rock 8.

[0047] Specifically, the umbrella-shaped support head opens in the anchor bolt hole, making the connection between the umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchor bolt and the fractured surrounding rock more secure; the grout stopper is used to plug the gap in the anchor bolt hole, preventing the grout from flowing out directly during the grouting process and affecting the grouting; the pad is used to further seal the gap between the grout stopper and the wall of the anchor bolt hole; the fixing nut is used to fix the grout stopper and the pad, making the grout stopper and the pad fit more tightly against the fractured surrounding rock.

[0048] In some possible implementations, the high-frequency vibrating drill high-pressure water outlet device 5 includes: a stone discharge channel 501, which is cylindrical in shape and has a stone discharge port on one side wall, with a stone discharge movable gate 502 at the discharge port; a drill bit 503, which is fixedly connected to one end of the stone discharge channel 501; a plurality of multi-spiral cutting heads 504, each of which has a serrated structure, and the plurality of multi-spiral cutting heads 504 are evenly arranged around the outer side wall of the other end of the stone discharge channel 501; and a water storage device 505, which is located above the plurality of multi-spiral cutting heads 504. A device 505 is fixed on the outer wall of the crushed stone discharge channel 501. The water storage device 505 includes a water inlet and a water outlet. A high-pressure water spraying device 506 is arranged adjacent to the drill bit 503. The high-pressure water spraying device 506 includes an inlet, which is fixedly connected to the water outlet via a high-pressure water pipe. The high-pressure water spraying device 506 is obliquely fixed on the outer wall of the crushed stone discharge channel 501. A pressurizing pump 507 is fixed on the inner wall of one end of the crushed stone discharge channel 501. The output end of the pressurizing pump 507 is connected to the water inlet via a water pipe, and the input end of the pressurizing pump 507 is detachably connected to the internal water supply source of the TBM via a water pipe.

[0049] Specifically, the rock discharge channel is used to discharge rocks broken by the drill bit. The rocks broken by the drill bit enter the discharge port through the inclined rock discharge gate and reach the rock discharge channel. From there, they slide down the rock discharge channel and then down the rotating telescopic screw, avoiding any seizing effect on the TBM shield. The multi-helix cutting head is used to further break up some of the larger rocks that are not completely broken. The broken rocks slide down the rotating telescopic rod, further avoiding any seizing effect on the TBM shield. The water storage device is used to store water and provide a water source for the high-pressure water spray device. When the water storage device is short of water or the water is insufficient, the input end of the booster pump is connected to the water source inside the TBM, and water is pumped into the water storage device through the booster pump. After the water supply is completed, the booster pump is disconnected from the water source inside the TBM. The high-pressure water spray device washes the broken rocks above the TBM shield with high-pressure water jets, while reducing dust pollution in the artificial construction environment.

[0050] In some possible implementations, the high-frequency vibration drill high-pressure water discharge device 5 further includes: a telescopic coupling rod 508, which has a cylindrical structure and one end has an elliptical cross-section, and one end of the telescopic coupling rod 508 is fixedly connected to the other end of the crushed stone discharge channel 501; a rotary telescopic screw 509, which is adapted to the telescopic coupling rod 508 and has a helical structure, and is fixedly surrounding the telescopic coupling rod 508; a fixed base 510, which has a threaded structure and one end of the fixed base 510 is fixedly connected to the TBM shield 1; and a rotary motor, the fixed end of which is fixedly connected to the other end of the fixed base 510, and the rotating end of which is fixedly connected to the other end of the telescopic coupling rod 508.

[0051] Specifically, the connection end between the telescopic coupling and the crushed rock discharge channel has an elliptical cross-section structure, giving the connection end a crushed rock discharge outlet. This outlet allows the broken rock from the crushed rock discharge channel to slide down the rotating telescopic screw. The telescopic coupling is telescopic; when the distance between the TBM shield and the upper inner wall of the tunnel is long, the telescopic coupling can be extended to reduce the distance. The rotating telescopic screw is adapted to the telescopic coupling. During the extension of the telescopic coupling, the rotating telescopic screw stretches along with it, providing a sliding track for the broken rock. The fixed base is used to install the high-frequency vibrating drill high-pressure water output equipment. The rotary motor is located between the fixed base and the telescopic coupling screw, driving the telescopic coupling screw to rotate, thus causing the high-frequency vibrating drill high-pressure water output equipment to rotate as a whole, except for the fixed base, so that the drill bit and multi-helix cutting head can break the rock.

[0052] In some possible implementations, the high-frequency vibrating drill high-pressure water output device 5 further includes a control rotation device 511, which includes a power supply and a control rotation system, and the control rotation system is connected to the rotary motor; wherein the power supply is connected to the control rotation system, the rotary motor, the high-pressure water spray device 506, and the pressurizing pump 507 respectively.

[0053] Specifically, the power supply provides power to the booster pump, high-pressure water spray device, control rotation system, and rotary motor; the control rotation system controls the rotary motor to rotate, thereby driving the coupling screw to rotate.

[0054] In some possible implementations, the outer perimeter of the left guide tunnel 6 and the outer perimeter of the right guide tunnel 7 are both covered with steel arch frames 8 for support.

[0055] Specifically, the left and right pilot tunnels are used for manual clearing of broken rocks in the gap between the cutterheads; steel arches are installed over the left and right pilot tunnels to make them more secure.

[0056] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for freeing a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel, characterized in that, The method for escaping a stuck TBM in a high-stress, hard mixed rock tunnel includes: The shield area and the area in front of the tunnel face were reinforced. Umbrella-type hollow grouting anchors were installed on both sides behind the TBM shield and grouting was performed. Triangular steel bars are arranged in an orderly manner above the TBM cutter head, and the triangular steel bars are arranged along the circumferential direction of the TBM cutter head above the TBM cutter head; Several high-frequency vibrating drill high-pressure water discharge devices are evenly arranged at the upper end of the TBM shield; The left and right pilot tunnels were excavated on both sides in front of the TBM shield, respectively. The high-frequency vibrating drill high-pressure water outlet equipment is a device that integrates the high-frequency vibrating drill and the high-pressure water outlet device. The high-frequency vibration drill high-pressure water outlet device includes: The crushed stone discharge channel has a cylindrical structure, and a crushed stone discharge opening is provided on one end side wall of the crushed stone discharge channel. A crushed stone discharge movable gate is provided at the crushed stone discharge opening. A drill bit, which is fixedly connected to one end of the crushed stone discharge channel; Several multi-helix cutting heads, each of which has a serrated structure, are evenly arranged around the outer wall of the other end of the crushed stone discharge channel. A water storage device is located above several of the multi-helix cutting heads. The water storage device is fixed on the outer wall of the crushed stone discharge channel. The water storage device includes a water inlet and a water outlet. A high-pressure water jetting device is provided adjacent to the drill bit. The high-pressure water jetting device includes a water inlet, which is fixedly connected to the water storage outlet through a high-pressure water pipe. The high-pressure water jetting device is inclined and fixed on the outer wall of the crushed stone discharge channel. A booster pump is fixed on the inner wall of one end of the crushed stone discharge channel. The output end of the booster pump is connected to the water inlet through a water pipe, and the input end of the booster pump is detachably connected to the internal water supply source of the TBM through a water pipe.

2. The method for freeing a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolt includes: The first grouting anchor body has a hollow cylindrical structure and a plurality of first anchor grout outlet holes are arranged at intervals on the first grouting anchor body; one end of the first grouting anchor body is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped anchor head, and a plurality of air inlet holes are opened on the anchor head.

3. The method for freeing a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolt further includes an umbrella support head, which includes: A plurality of tightly fitting frames are evenly distributed around one end of the first grouting anchor body. Each tightly fitting frame includes a first fitting movable rod and a second fitting movable rod. One end of each first fitting movable rod is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of one end of the first grouting anchor body. The other end of each first fitting movable rod is movably connected to one end of the corresponding second fitting movable rod. A fixed umbrella support nut is provided, which is slidably sleeved on one end of the first grouting anchor body, and the other end of each of the second fitting movable rods is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed umbrella support nut. The first grouting anchor rod body has a snap-fit ​​groove on one end of its outer wall. The snap-fit ​​groove is located on the side of the fixed umbrella support nut near the anchor head. The snap-fit ​​groove is adapted to the fixed umbrella support nut so that when the first grouting anchor rod body is pulled, the fixed umbrella support nut slides along the first grouting anchor rod body toward the anchor head and snaps into the snap-fit ​​groove.

4. The method for freeing a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The umbrella support head also includes: A plurality of triangular support rods, the number of which is adapted to the number of which are closely fitted frames, and a first connecting hole is provided in the middle of each of the triangular support rods; Several sets of spring telescopic joints are provided, each set of spring telescopic joints corresponding to one of the triangular support rods. Each set of spring telescopic joints includes two spring telescopic joints. One end of one spring telescopic joint is fixedly connected to one end of the corresponding triangular support rod, and the other end of one spring telescopic joint is fixedly connected to the middle of the corresponding first contact movable rod. One end of the other spring telescopic joint is fixedly connected to the other end of the corresponding triangular support rod, and the other end of the other spring telescopic joint is fixedly connected to the middle of the corresponding second contact movable rod. The umbrella support head also includes a telescopic frame buckle. Each of the first fitting movable rods has a second connecting hole at one end, and each of the second fitting movable rods has a second connecting hole at one end. The telescopic frame buckle connects one end of the first fitting movable rod to one end of the corresponding second fitting movable rod and the middle end of the corresponding triangular support rod through the first connecting hole, the second connecting hole, and the third connecting hole.

5. The method for freeing a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolt also includes: Two connecting sleeves, each of which has a slurry outlet hole in the middle; The second grouting anchor body has a plurality of second anchor grout outlet holes spaced apart on it, and one end of the second grouting anchor body is fixedly connected to the other end of the first grouting anchor body through a connecting sleeve. The third grouting anchor body has a plurality of third anchor grout outlet holes spaced apart on it. One end of the third grouting anchor body is fixedly connected to the other end of the second grouting anchor body through another connecting sleeve. An air outlet hole is opened at the other end of the third grouting anchor body. The grout stopper has a frustum-shaped structure and a grout stop through hole in the middle that is adapted to the outer diameter of the third grouting anchor rod. The grout stopper is sleeved on the other end of the third grouting anchor rod body, and several grout outlet holes of the third anchor rod are located on the upper part of the grout stopper. The pad is square in shape and has a hole in the middle that matches the outer diameter of the third grouting anchor. The pad is fitted onto the other end of the third grouting anchor and abuts against the grout stop plug. The pad is located below the grout stop plug. A fixing nut is fitted onto the other end of the third grouting anchor body and abuts against the pad.

6. The method for freeing a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The arrangement of umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchor bolts on both sides behind the TBM shield specifically includes: The TBM shield and TBM cutterhead are retracted, and holes are drilled, cleaned, and arranged on the inner wall of the fractured surrounding rock above the tunnel to obtain anchor bolt holes. The umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolt is inserted into the anchor bolt hole, and the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolt is pulled to open the umbrella head and make the grout stop plug abut against the opening of the anchor bolt hole. Then, the pad and fixing nut are installed, and grout is injected into the umbrella-type hollow grouting anchor bolt. Grouting is stopped when grout return occurs, and the grouting is completed. The umbrella-shaped hollow grouting anchor rods are evenly spaced and perpendicular to the inner wall of the fractured surrounding rock.

7. The method for freeing a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The high-frequency vibration drill high-pressure water outlet equipment also includes: The telescopic coupling rod has a cylindrical structure, one end of which has an elliptical cross-section, and one end of the telescopic coupling rod is fixedly connected to the other end of the crushed stone discharge channel; A rotary telescopic screw, which is adapted to the telescopic coupling rod, wherein the rotary telescopic coupling rod has a helical structure and the rotary telescopic screw is fixed around the periphery of the telescopic coupling rod; A fixed base, wherein the fixed base has a threaded structure, and one end of the fixed base is fixedly connected to the TBM shield; A rotary motor, wherein the fixed end of the rotary motor is fixedly connected to the other end of the fixed base, and the rotating end of the rotary motor is fixedly connected to the other end of the telescopic connecting rod.

8. The method for freeing a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The high-frequency vibratory drill high-pressure water output device also includes a control rotation device, which includes a power supply and a control rotation system. The control rotation system is connected to the rotary motor. The power supply is connected to the control rotation system, the rotary motor, the high-pressure water spray device, and the pressurizing pump.

9. A method for freeing a stuck TBM in a high-stress hard mixed rock tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Both the outer perimeter of the left guide tunnel and the outer perimeter of the right guide tunnel are supported by steel arch frames.

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