Mulberry and rape interplanting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mulberry and rape interplanting method, which belongs to the technical field of planting, and comprises the following steps: planning a rape interplanting mode according to a planting mode of an old mulberry field or a standardized mulberry field after winter cutting of mulberries; no tillage or shallow tillage is performed after winter felling, and fertilization is performed according to soil fertility and rape variety requirements; selecting corresponding sowing time according to the variety of the rape, and planting the rape according to the selected planting mode; starting to harvest the flowering Chinese cabbage when a first flower blooms at the height of the main flowering Chinese cabbage, and stopping picking after the picking period of the whole field; harvesting rapeseeds when 80% or more of siliques of the whole plant are yellow or brown and seeds become red brown; after harvesting, rape stubbles are turned over and pressed into soil to serve as green manure. According to the scheme, a mode of interplanting mulberries with oilseed rape and vegetables is introduced, and the problem of temperature and light resource competition between the later period of oilseed rape in spring and the early growth period of mulberry leaves is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and in particular relates to a method for interplanting mulberry trees and rapeseed. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural production, the rational use of land resources and the maximization of crop production benefits have always been the focus of attention of farmers and agricultural researchers. The traditional single-crop planting model often has problems such as insufficient resource utilization and low production efficiency. Especially in mulberry planting areas, there is a long period of idle land in mulberry gardens from winter felling to the early stage of mulberry leaf growth in spring. During this period, temperature and light resources are not fully utilized, resulting in a waste of land resources.

[0003] In order to solve this problem, agricultural researchers began to explore the intercropping model in mulberry gardens, aiming to maximize the use of land resources and improve production efficiency through reasonable crop matching and field management. In the process of exploring the technology of intercropping rapeseed in mulberry gardens, a significant and long-unsolved technical problem is the overlap of the mulberry leaf growth period in spring and the rapeseed pod formation period.

[0004] Spring is a critical period for the rapid growth of mulberry leaves. At this time, mulberry leaves need sufficient light and nutrients to meet their photosynthesis and physiological metabolism needs. However, at the same time, rapeseed is also in the pod-setting period and also requires a lot of light and nutrients to complete its reproductive growth process. Therefore, there is a fierce competition for light and nutrients between the two, which may lead to limited growth of mulberry leaves and affect the yield and quality of mulberry leaves. This situation has limited the promotion and application of rapeseed intercropping technology in mulberry gardens in actual operations.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a method for interplanting mulberry trees and rapeseed to solve the problem of the prominent temperature and light contradiction in the late spring rapeseed and the early spring mulberry leaf growth period. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for intercropping mulberry trees and rapeseed. By utilizing the "oil-vegetable dual-purpose" rapeseed to intercrop mulberry gardens, the role of rapeseed stalks in both vegetable stalks and rapeseed oil production is brought into play, providing excellent arable land space and time window for intercropping rapeseed in mulberry gardens, solving the prominent problem of temperature and light contradiction in the late spring rapeseed and the early stage of mulberry leaf growth, thereby achieving increased income from both money and grain and improving the comprehensive economic benefits of mulberry gardens.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A method for interplanting mulberry trees and rapeseed comprises the following steps:

[0009] Winter felling and planning of mulberry gardens, setting planting patterns, planning rapeseed cultivation between mulberry rows after winter felling, and determining the number and location of rapeseed rows according to the planting pattern;

[0010] Land preparation and fertilization: no-till or shallow tillage after winter felling, and fertilization according to soil fertility and rapeseed variety requirements;

[0011] Rapeseed planting: select the corresponding sowing time according to the rapeseed variety and plant rapeseed according to the selected planting pattern;

[0012] Harvest the rapeseed stalks when the first flower opens at the height of the main stalk. Apply 5 kg of urea per mu 3 days after the rapeseed shoots. Stop harvesting after the harvesting period of the whole field.

[0013] Oil rapeseed should be harvested when more than 80% of the siliques on the plant are yellow or brown and the seeds turn reddish brown.

[0014] After the rapeseed is harvested, the land is plowed and pressed, and the rapeseed residues are turned into the soil as green manure.

[0015] Furthermore, the planting patterns include Pattern I, Pattern II, and Pattern III; Pattern I is single-row planting in old mulberry gardens with a row spacing of 65cm to 80cmm; Pattern II uses wide and narrow rows to plant mulberry trees, with wide row spacing of 90cm to 120cm; Pattern III: the row spacing of the new standard mulberry garden is 100cm to 120cm.

[0016] Furthermore, in rapeseed planting, under Mode I, 2 rows of rapeseed are planted between two rows of mulberry trees; under Mode II, 3 to 4 rows of rapeseed are planted between two wide rows of mulberry trees; and under Mode III, 3 to 4 rows of rapeseed are planted between two rows of mulberry trees.

[0017] Furthermore, during land preparation and fertilization, a one-time base application of a slow-release fertilizer specifically for winter rapeseed is used, at a rate of 50 kg per mu; or a one-time application of a special fertilizer specifically for rapeseed is used, at a rate of 50 kg per mu; or during land preparation and fertilization, 40 kg of a three-element compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of 54% is applied in advance per mu, and mechanical deep plowing is carried out.

[0018] Furthermore, when planting rapeseed, early and medium-maturing varieties of rapeseed can be sown in September and October, and late-maturing varieties can be sown in October and November.

[0019] Furthermore, in rapeseed cultivation, two methods are adopted: direct seeding or seedling transplanting.

[0020] Furthermore, direct seeding is carried out by spot sowing or row sowing. For spot sowing, the plant spacing is 20 to 25 cm, the row spacing is about 30 to 40 cm, 1 to 3 seeds are sown in each hole, and the sowing depth is 1 to 2 cm; for row sowing, the row spacing is 40 to 50 cm.

[0021] Furthermore, when raising seedlings and transplanting, keep 2 to 3 plants in each hole. When the seedlings grow 5 to 6 leaves, select healthy seedlings without diseases and insect pests, and the age of the seedlings should not exceed 30 days.

[0022] Furthermore, after harvesting the cauliflower, the cauliflower is packed into boxes and placed in a cold storage for pre-cooling for 30 minutes before being shipped out for sale.

[0023] Furthermore, when harvesting oil rapeseed, the harvesting time is selected when there is dew in the morning and evening.

[0024] The above scheme has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. This plan, without changing the old mulberry garden and the new standard mulberry garden model, reasonably arranges the number of rapeseed rows according to the different row spacings of mulberry trees, and maximizes the use of the space resources in the mulberry garden. This ensures that the rapeseed will not over-compress the mulberry trees during its growth, while also providing enough growth space for the rapeseed. Setting different numbers of rows of rapeseed in the three modes not only takes into account the ventilation and light transmittance of the rapeseed, but also ensures the coordination of the growth cycle of the rapeseed and the growth cycle of the mulberry trees. This planning helps to avoid direct conflicts between the growth of mulberry leaves and the pod formation of rapeseed in spring.

[0026] 2. This scheme selects the appropriate sowing time (September to October for early and mid-maturing varieties, October to November for late-maturing varieties) according to the maturity characteristics of rapeseed varieties. This ensures that rapeseed has completed its main growth stage before the rapid growth period of mulberry leaves in spring, reducing the direct impact on the growth of mulberry leaves. By harvesting rapeseed stalks in time, it not only promotes the growth of rapeseed lateral branches and increases yield, but also avoids the overlap of rapeseed pod-setting period and mulberry leaf growth period, reducing competition between the two.

[0027] 3. This plan ensures the nutritional needs of rapeseed and mulberry trees through reasonable basal fertilizer application and timely topdressing, promotes their healthy growth, and reduces growth inhibition caused by nutrient competition. After rapeseed is harvested, rapeseed residues are promptly turned over as green manure, which not only solves the problem of rapeseed straw disposal, but also provides organic fertilizer for mulberry trees, promoting soil improvement and nutrient circulation in the mulberry garden.

[0028] In summary, this plan, by introducing the intercropping model of rapeseed for both oil and vegetables, cleverly solved the outstanding problem of competition for temperature and light resources between the late growth period of rapeseed and the early growth period of mulberry leaves in spring, making intercropping rapeseed in mulberry gardens a feasible and efficient agricultural practice. It not only optimizes land use, but also improves fertilizer utilization, simplifies field operations, reduces labor intensity and operational difficulty through measures such as optimizing fertilization strategies, using rapeseed residues as green manure, and promoting light and simplified cultivation techniques. Through the two-way income of rapeseed stalks and rapeseed, the economic benefits of the mulberry garden were finally significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the process of a method for interplanting mulberry trees and rapeseed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0031] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown:

[0032] A method for interplanting mulberry trees and rapeseed comprises the following steps:

[0033] Winter felling and planning of mulberry gardens, setting planting patterns, planning rapeseed cultivation between mulberry rows after winter felling, and determining the number and location of rapeseed rows according to the planting pattern;

[0034] Specifically, in winter, when the mulberry tree enters the dormant period, a sunny and windless weather is selected for winter felling, and the part of the mulberry tree above 30-50cm from the ground is cut off to ensure that the incision is flat and reduce the risk of pests and diseases invasion. According to the specific conditions and needs of the mulberry garden, a suitable planting mode is selected. In the present embodiment, the mulberry garden is divided into two categories: old mulberry garden and new standard mulberry garden. The old mulberry garden refers to those mulberry gardens with a long age, aging trees, weak growth potential, decreased yield, and serious pests and diseases. This type of mulberry garden usually lacks effective management and maintenance for a long time, resulting in decreased soil fertility, unreasonable tree structure, dense and messy branches, poor ventilation and light transmission, and other problems. This type of mulberry garden is suitable for mode I. The new standard mulberry garden refers to a high-yield and high-efficiency mulberry garden that adopts excellent mulberry varieties, scientific planning and layout, reasonable close planting, and fine management according to the development requirements of the modern sericulture industry. This type of mulberry garden has the characteristics of strong growth potential, high yield, good quality, and few pests and diseases. This type of mulberry garden is suitable for mode II or mode III. For example, if the plot is relatively regular and has high requirements for mechanized operation, or if the plot is large and you want to further optimize the light and ventilation conditions, you can choose Mode II or Mode III (planting mulberry trees in wide and narrow rows, with wide row spacing of 90-120cm and narrow row spacing set according to specific conditions). Prune and cut down mulberry trees in winter to make room for subsequent rapeseed planting.

[0035] Land preparation and fertilization: no-till or shallow tillage after winter felling, and fertilization according to soil fertility and rapeseed variety requirements;

[0036] Specifically, choose no-till or shallow tillage to avoid soil moisture loss. Apply 50kg of rapeseed fertilizer (containing boron) per mu, or choose 50kg of rapeseed slow-release fertilizer (25-7-8) per mu, or choose 40kg of three-element compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of 54%, and deep plow it mechanically. If plowing is used, the soil needs to be deep plowed, raked and leveled to ensure that the soil is loose and breathable. At the same time, arrange the drainage ditch to ensure smooth drainage in the field.

[0037] Rapeseed planting: select the corresponding sowing time according to the rapeseed variety and plant rapeseed according to the selected planting pattern;

[0038] Specifically, for example, early and mid-maturing varieties are sown in September-October, and late-maturing varieties are sown in October-November. In mode I, 2 rows of rapeseed are planted between two rows of mulberry trees, and appropriate row spacing and plant spacing are maintained. In mode II, 4 rows of rapeseed are planted between two wide rows of mulberry trees, and the row spacing and plant spacing are also adjusted.

[0039] When sowing, either direct seeding or seedling transplanting is used. For direct seeding, spot seeding or row seeding is used, with a plant spacing of 20 to 25 cm and a row spacing of 30 to 40 cm. 1 to 3 seeds are sown in each hole, and the sowing depth is 1 to 2 cm. For row sowing, the row spacing is 40 to 50 cm, and the sowing is uniform and the depth is consistent.

[0040] Seedling transplanting: If you choose the seedling transplanting method, transplant the seedlings when they have 5 to 6 leaves, keep 2 to 3 healthy seedlings in each hole, and the seedling age should not exceed 30 days.

[0041] Harvest the rapeseed stalks when the first flower opens at the height of the main stalk. Stop harvesting after the harvesting period. Clean the field in time after harvesting to keep the environment clean. In addition, 5 kg of urea per mu should be applied 3 days after the rapeseed stalks to promote the growth of rapeseed and the thickness of the stalks.

[0042] The harvested cauliflower is packed in boxes and placed in a cold storage for pre-cooling for 30 minutes before being shipped out for sale.

[0043] Oil rapeseed should be harvested when more than 80% of the siliques on the plant are yellow or brown and the seeds turn reddish brown.

[0044] The best time to harvest is in the morning and evening when there is dew, so as to reduce the loss caused by frying and cracking. You can also choose to harvest all at once and move away from the mulberry garden, or cut and bundle at the same time, pile them neatly and thresh them after ripening.

[0045] After rapeseed is harvested, the fields are plowed and pressed, and the rapeseed residues are turned into the soil as green manure. This not only reduces environmental pollution caused by straw burning, but also provides rich organic matter and nutrients for the mulberry garden and improves soil structure.

[0046] By implementing the above steps, we can make full use of the overlap between the idle period of mulberry garden after winter felling and the growth period of winter rapeseed, and realize the intercropping mode of mulberry garden + rapeseed. This mode not only improves land utilization and economic benefits, but also helps to improve soil structure and ecological environment, providing strong support for the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0047] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and / or characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for interplanting mulberry trees and rapeseed, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Winter felling and planning of mulberry gardens, setting planting patterns, planning rapeseed cultivation between mulberry rows after winter felling, and determining the number and location of rapeseed rows according to the planting pattern; Land preparation and fertilization: no-till or shallow tillage after winter felling, and fertilization according to soil fertility and rapeseed variety requirements; Rapeseed planting: select the corresponding sowing time according to the rapeseed variety and plant rapeseed according to the selected planting pattern; Harvest the rapeseed stalks when the first flower opens at the height of the main stalk. Apply 5 kg of urea per mu 3 days after the rapeseed shoots. Stop harvesting after the harvesting period of the whole field. Oil rapeseed should be harvested when more than 80% of the siliques on the plant are yellow or brown and the seeds turn reddish brown. After the rapeseed is harvested, the land is plowed and pressed, and the rapeseed residues are turned into the soil as green manure.

2. The interplanting method of mulberry and rapeseed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting patterns include Pattern I, Pattern II and Pattern III; Pattern I: single-row planting in old mulberry gardens, with a row spacing of 65cm~80cm and a plant spacing of 13cm~18cm; Pattern II: double-row planting, with a wide row spacing of 90cm~120cm, a narrow row spacing of 35cm~50cm, and a plant spacing of 13cm~18cm; Pattern III: the new standard mulberry garden has a row spacing of 100cm~120cm and a plant spacing of 20cm~30cm.

3. The interplanting method of mulberry and rape according to claim 2, characterized in that: In mode I, 2 rows of rapeseed are planted between two rows of mulberry trees; in mode II, 3 to 4 rows of rapeseed are planted between two wide rows of mulberry trees; in mode III: 3 to 4 rows of rapeseed are planted between two rows of mulberry trees.

4. The interplanting method of mulberry and rapeseed according to claim 3, characterized in that: When preparing the land and applying fertilizer, use a one-time base application of a special slow-release fertilizer for winter rapeseed at 50 kg per mu; or use a one-time application of a special fertilizer for rapeseed at 50 kg per mu; or apply 40 kg of a three-element compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of 54% per mu in advance, and carry out mechanical deep plowing.

5. The interplanting method of mulberry and rape according to claim 4, characterized in that: When planting rapeseed, early and medium-maturing varieties of rapeseed can be sown in September and October, and late-maturing varieties can be sown in October and November.

6. The interplanting method of mulberry and rapeseed according to claim 5, characterized in that: In rapeseed cultivation, two methods are used: direct seeding or seedling transplanting.

7. The interplanting method of mulberry and rapeseed according to claim 6, characterized in that: Direct seeding is done by spot sowing or row sowing. For spot sowing, the plant spacing is 20 to 25 cm, the row spacing is about 30 to 40 cm, 1 to 3 seeds are planted in each hole, and the sowing depth is 1 to 2 cm; for row sowing, the row spacing is 40 to 50 cm.

8. The interplanting method of mulberry and rapeseed according to claim 7, characterized in that: When raising seedlings and transplanting, keep 2 to 3 plants in each hole. When the seedlings grow 5 to 6 leaves, select healthy seedlings without diseases and insect pests, and the age of the seedlings should not exceed 30 days.

9. The interplanting method of mulberry and rapeseed according to claim 8, characterized in that: After harvesting the cauliflower, pack them into boxes and place them in a cold storage for pre-cooling for 30 minutes before shipping them out for sale.

10. The interplanting method of mulberry and rapeseed according to claim 9, characterized in that: When harvesting rapeseed, choose the harvesting time when there is dew in the morning and evening.

Images