Method for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of Chinese roses

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of Chinese roses, and relates to the technical field of facility Chinese rose cultivation. The method includes the following steps that a high-pressure mist pesticide spraying system and a pesticide mixture are combined for cut-flower rosa chinensis pest control; the cut-flower rosa chinensis diseases and insect pests comprise downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew and thrips. The method can effectively solve the problems of large pesticide spraying amount, low pesticide utilization rate, large pesticide dosage and poor prevention and treatment effect in the facility planting process of the cut-flower rosa chinensis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rose cultivation in facilities, and in particular relates to a method for preventing and controlling rose diseases and insect pests. Background Art

[0002] Chinese rose is an evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub of the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae. It is a traditional famous flower in my country and one of the four major cut flowers in the world. Modern roses have elegant flower shapes, rich fragrance, and bloom all year round. Cut roses are a variety suitable for cut flower cultivation. As the most important type of fresh cut flowers, cut roses have become the leading type of facility flower cultivation with the rapid development of cultivation technology and facility agriculture, and most of the greenhouses for cultivation are plastic greenhouses and high-end smart glass greenhouses. Although the environmental conditions for growing cut roses in greenhouses are more conducive to growth than outdoor planting, suitable environmental conditions also accelerate the occurrence and spread of field diseases and pests.

[0003] Facility cultivation is tightly closed, with little or infrequent air circulation inside and outside the greenhouse, poor ventilation, high ambient temperature and humidity, and a high temperature and humidity environment that provides favorable environmental conditions for the occurrence and development of fungal, bacterial and other diseases. The occurrence and spread of downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew, etc. during the cultivation of cut roses are closely related to the greenhouse environment, and the infection speed is fast, the disease occurs frequently, and prevention and control are difficult.

[0004] In addition, the good environmental conditions in the greenhouse also provide convenience for the occurrence of insect pests. The most common pests in the greenhouse are piercing and sucking pests. Among the cut roses, red spiders and thrips are the most common. They are small in size, have a short life span, have no obvious hibernation and overwintering habits, reproduce quickly, are in large numbers, and cause serious damage. It is difficult to quickly reduce the insect population using conventional pesticide application methods, which increases the cost of pesticide use and increases the resistance of various pests and diseases to pesticides, further damaging the ecological environment and reducing biodiversity. Therefore, it is an urgent problem for technicians in this field to explore an efficient pesticide application method in combination with environmental conditions and pesticide application equipment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling rose diseases and insect pests, improve the utilization rate of pesticides, the prevention and control effect, and save costs; and effectively solve the problems of large labor consumption for spraying pesticides, low utilization rate of pesticides, large dosage of pesticides, and poor prevention and control effect during the planting process of facility cut roses.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a method for preventing and controlling rose diseases and pests, comprising the following steps: using a high-pressure mist spraying system and a pesticide mixture to jointly prevent and control rose diseases and pests; the pesticide mixture comprises a fungicide and an insecticide; the fungicide is oxadiazine, procymidone and pyrimidine sulfonate, and the insecticide is spinetoram.

[0008] Preferably, the pests and diseases include one or more of downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew and thrips.

[0009] Preferably, the dilution multiple of the oxadiazine is 1000 to 3000 times; the dilution multiple of the procymidone is 1000 to 3000 times; the dilution multiple of the ethidium bromide is 1000 to 3000 times; the dilution multiple of the ethidol sulfonate is 1000 to 3000 times; the dilution multiple of the spinetoram is 1000 to 3000 times.

[0010] Preferably, the high-pressure mist spraying system includes: a medicine dispensing barrel, a filter, a medicine spraying booster pump, a power supply, a main control valve, a field valve area and a planting row; the main control valve is connected to the field valve area through a high-pressure medicine delivery main pipe, the field valve area is connected to the planting row through a high-pressure medicine delivery branch pipe, and the planting row is connected to a high-pressure misting nozzle through a high-pressure medicine delivery branch pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the high-pressure atomizing nozzle is set at a height of 3.5 to 4 m above the ground.

[0012] Preferably, the main engine water outlet pressure adjustment range of the mist spraying system is 60 to 130 bar.

[0013] Preferably, the spraying time of the high-pressure mist spraying system is: according to the field survey results of pests and diseases, when the incidence level of downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew reaches level 2 and / or the thrips population reaches 4 to 6 / m 2 When the pesticide mixture is applied in the field, the mist spraying system is used.

[0014] Preferably, each spraying time is 55 to 65 seconds, and the spraying amount per square meter is 100 to 105 milliliters.

[0015] Preferably, spray once every 7 days from the first spraying until the roses are harvested.

[0016] Preferably, the method is used in a greenhouse or shed, and the rose is a cut rose.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention adopts a high-pressure mist spraying system and the pesticide mixture to jointly control plant cut rose pests and diseases. The present invention can save more than 40% of the pesticide amount and more than 90% of the labor cost of spraying, and can achieve simultaneous control of different pests and diseases; the control effect of downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew and thrips can reach more than 81%; it can effectively solve the problems of large labor consumption, low pesticide utilization rate, large dosage and poor control effect in the process of planting plant cut roses, and guide the planting and production of cut roses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure mist spraying system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling rose diseases and insect pests, comprising the following steps: using a high-pressure mist spraying system and a pesticide mixture to jointly prevent and control rose diseases and insect pests; the pesticide mixture comprises a fungicide and an insecticide; the fungicide is dimethomorph, procymidone and pyrimidine sulfonate, and the insecticide is spinetoram.

[0021] The high-pressure mist spraying system adopted by the present invention includes: a medicine dispensing barrel, a filter, a medicine spraying booster pump, a power supply, a main control valve, a field valve area and a planting row. The medicine dispensing barrel is connected to the filter through a medicine delivery pipe, the filter is connected to the medicine inlet of the medicine spraying booster pump through a medicine delivery pipe, the medicine spraying booster pump is connected to the main control valve through a high-pressure medicine delivery pipe, the main control valve is connected to the field valve area through a high-pressure medicine delivery pipe, the field valve area is connected to the planting row through a high-pressure medicine delivery branch pipe, and the planting row is connected to a high-pressure atomizing nozzle through a high-pressure medicine delivery branch pipe. The power supply is electrically connected to the medicine dispensing barrel and the medicine spraying booster pump. The high-pressure medicine delivery pipe is laid from the medicine outlet of the medicine spraying booster pump to the field, and is laid to each planting plot through the high-pressure medicine delivery pipe. The high-pressure medicine delivery branch pipe is laid to the top of the cut rose according to the row direction of the cut rose planted; the high-pressure atomizing nozzle is a stainless steel striker type high-pressure atomizing nozzle. Preferably, the aperture of the stainless steel striker type high-pressure atomizing nozzle is 0.15mm. As an implementable method, the main body water outlet pressure of the stainless steel striker type high pressure atomizing nozzle is 80 bar for a greenhouse of 1600 square meters, and 120 bar for a greenhouse of 3200 square meters. Preferably, the high pressure atomizing nozzle is set at a height of 4 meters from the ground.

[0022] The pesticide mixture of the present invention includes a fungicide and an insecticide; the fungicide is dimethomorph, procymidone, and pyrimidine sulfonate, and the insecticide is spinetoram; the rose pests and diseases include diseases and insect pests, the diseases include downy mildew, gray mold, and powdery mildew, and the insect pests include thrips. In the present invention, dimethomorph is used to control downy mildew, procymidone is used to control gray mold, pyrimidine sulfonate is used to control powdery mildew, and spinetoram is used to control thrips. Preferably, the spraying time of the high-pressure mist spraying system is: according to the field survey results of pests and diseases, when the incidence level of any of downy mildew, gray mold, and powdery mildew reaches level 2 and / or the thrips population reaches 5 / m 2When the pesticide mixture is sprayed in the field by the mist spraying system. Preferably, the dilution multiple of the oxadiazine is 3000 times; the dilution multiple of the fucymidone is 3000 times; the dilution multiple of the pyrimidine sulfonate is 3000 times; the dilution multiple of the ethyl spinetoram is 3000 times. As a specific embodiment, the spraying time of the mist spraying system is 60s each time, and the spraying amount per square meter is 104 ml. As an exemplary embodiment, from the first spraying, spray once every 7 days until the rose is harvested. As a specific embodiment, the rose is a cut rose planted in a greenhouse, and the varieties of the cut rose are Pink Snow Mountain, Pride, and Purple Fairy.

[0023] The invention adopts a high-pressure mist spraying system and a pesticide mixture consisting of dimethomorph, procymidone, pyrimidine sulfonate and spinetoram to jointly control diseases and insect pests of cut roses, thereby saving more than 40% of the amount of pesticides and more than 90% of the labor cost of spraying. Meanwhile, different diseases and insect pests can be controlled simultaneously, and the control effect on downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew and thrips can reach more than 81%. The invention can effectively solve the problems of large labor consumption for spraying, low utilization rate of pesticides, large amount of pesticides and poor control effect in the process of planting cut roses in facilities.

[0024] The water-dispersible granules of dimethomorph used in the present invention have an active ingredient content of 80%, which is purchased from Shaanxi Meibang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.; the water-dispersible granules of procymidone have an active ingredient content of 80%, which is purchased from Shaanxi Meibang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.; the microemulsion of ethidium bromide has an active ingredient content of 25%, which is purchased from Qingdao Audis Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the ethyl spinetoram suspension has an active ingredient content of 60 g / L, which is purchased from Corteva Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods; the materials and reagents used are reagents and materials that can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0026] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] The present invention is implemented in a cut rose greenhouse of the International Flower Technology Innovation Center in Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province. The varieties of the cut roses are Pink Snow Mountain, Pride, and Purple Cloud Fairy.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] 1. Construction of high-pressure mist spraying system equipment

[0030] according to Figure 1The high-pressure mist spraying system shown includes: a medicine dispensing barrel, a filter, a medicine spraying booster pump, a power supply, a main control valve, a field valve area and a planting row. The medicine dispensing barrel is connected to the filter through a medicine delivery pipe, the filter is connected to the medicine inlet of the medicine spraying booster pump through a medicine delivery pipe, the medicine spraying booster pump is connected to the main control valve through a high-pressure medicine delivery pipe, the main control valve is connected to the field valve area through a high-pressure medicine delivery pipe, the field valve area is connected to the planting row through a high-pressure medicine delivery branch pipe, the planting row is connected to a high-pressure atomizing nozzle through a high-pressure medicine delivery branch pipe, the power supply is electrically connected to the medicine dispensing barrel and the medicine spraying booster pump, the high-pressure medicine delivery pipe is laid from the medicine outlet of the medicine spraying booster pump to the field, and is laid to each planting plot through the high-pressure medicine delivery pipe, and the high-pressure medicine delivery branch pipe is laid to the top of the cut rose according to the row direction of the cut rose; the high-pressure atomizing nozzle is a stainless steel striker-type high-pressure atomizing nozzle.

[0031] The aperture of the stainless steel impact needle high pressure atomizing nozzle is 0.15mm. The main water pressure of the stainless steel impact needle high pressure atomizing nozzle is 80bar for a greenhouse of 1600 square meters and 120bar for a greenhouse of 3200 square meters. The high pressure atomizing nozzle is set at a height of 4m from the ground.

[0032] 2. Field survey of pests and diseases

[0033] The specific survey methods are:

[0034] (1) Downy mildew: The greenhouse for growing cut roses should be divided into zones with each zone covering an area of ​​100 to 150 m2. 2 Five random survey points were selected in each area, 3 plants were surveyed at each point, the upper, middle and lower leaves of each plant were surveyed, and three leaves were randomly selected for fixed-point photography and observation.

[0035] Grading method: The percentage of the lesion area to the total leaf area is used for grading. Disease grading standards:

[0036] Level 0: no lesions;

[0037] Level 1: The lesion area accounts for less than 5% of the entire leaf area;

[0038] Level 2: The lesion area accounts for 6%-10% of the entire leaf area;

[0039] Level 3: The lesion area accounts for 11%-25% of the entire leaf area;

[0040] Level 4: The lesion area accounts for 26%-50% of the entire leaf area;

[0041] Level 5: The lesion area accounts for more than 50% of the total leaf area.

[0042] (2) Botrytis cinerea: Same investigation method as downy mildew.

[0043] (3) Powdery mildew: Same investigation method as downy mildew.

[0044] (4) Thrips: The greenhouse for growing cut roses should be divided into zones with each zone covering an area of ​​100 to 150 m2. 2 In each area, five blue boards were arranged by five-point sampling method (diagonal method) to count the number of thrips population, and the hanging position was 15-30 cm higher than the cut rose plants. The blue boards were replaced after the statistics. Insect population reduction rate (%) = (number of insects before application - number of insects after application) / number of insects before application × 100.

[0045] 3. Reduce the amount of pests and diseases in the facility and use less pesticides

[0046] (1) Downy mildew: The minimum dilution ratio of oxadiazine is 1000 times, and the maximum dilution ratio is 3000 times. Dispense the medicine according to the maximum dilution ratio.

[0047] (2) Botrytis cinerea: The minimum dilution ratio of carbendazim is 1000 times, and the maximum dilution ratio is 3000 times. Dispense the medicine according to the maximum dilution ratio.

[0048] (3) Powdery mildew: The minimum dilution factor of ethidium bromide is 1000 times, and the maximum dilution factor is 3000 times. Dispense the medicine according to the maximum dilution factor.

[0049] (4) Thrips: The minimum dilution ratio of spinetoram (Alcyon) is 1000 times, and the maximum dilution ratio is 3000 times. Dispense the medicine according to the maximum dilution ratio.

[0050] Use tap water or RO membrane filtered water for dispensing.

[0051] 4. One-step prevention of facility diseases and insect pests

[0052] Pesticide mixing method: Add dimethomorph, procymidone, ethidium bromide and spinetoram in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and then dilute 3000 times with water according to the above maximum dilution multiple to prepare a pesticide mixture.

[0053] 5. Field application of pesticides with mist spraying system

[0054] According to the field survey results of the above pests and diseases:

[0055] When the incidence level of downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew reaches level 2 and / or the thrips population reaches 5 / m 2 When the pesticide mixture is applied in the field, the mist spraying system is used.

[0056] The spraying time of the mist spraying system is 60 seconds per time, and the spraying volume per square meter is 104 ml. From the first spraying, spray once every 7 days until the rose is harvested.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] The steps of field survey of pests and diseases, reduction of the amount and amount of pesticides used in facilities, and multi-practice prevention of facilities pests and diseases in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1, except that a backpack sprayer is used for applying the pesticides.

[0059] Comparative Example 2

[0060] The steps of field survey of pests and diseases, reduction of the amount and amount of pesticides used in facilities, and multi-practice prevention of facilities pests and diseases in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1, except that a track spraying vehicle is used for spraying pesticides.

[0061] The control results were investigated according to the different application methods mentioned above, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0062] Table 1 Control results of different application methods

[0063] name High pressure mist spraying system Backpack sprayer Track sprayer Spraying efficiency (mu·person / hour) 60 1 10 Pesticide application rate (liter / mu) 72.5 121 93 Pesticide utilization rate (%) More than 90.3% About 71.5% More than 80.7% Droplet coverage (%) 100 75 92 Medication interval (days) 7 7 7 Downy mildew control effect (%) 81％-84％ 61％-64％ 79％-81％ Gray mold control effect (%) 84％-87％ 60％-64％ 78％-81％ Powdery mildew control effect (%) 83％-86％ 59％-62％ 80％-82％ Thrips control effect (%) 85％-88％ 55％-59％ 81％-83％

[0064] By using the high-pressure mist spraying system for field application and one-application-multiple-prevention technical means, a field application technology system using the high-pressure mist spraying system is established to carry out comprehensive prevention and control of cut rose pests and diseases, with good atomization effect, high droplet coverage, large spraying area, high spraying efficiency, and can solve the problems of uneven droplet distribution and the spread of pests and diseases. According to the above results, the present invention adopts the high-pressure mist spraying system and the pesticide mixture composed of oxadimethoxine, procymidone, pyrimidine sulfonate, and ethyl spinetoram to jointly control cut rose pests and diseases, saving more than 40% of pesticide dosage and more than 90% of labor cost for spraying. At the same time, different pests and diseases can be controlled at the same time, and the prevention effect of downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew and thrips can reach more than 81%, ensuring the commerciality of cut roses; it can effectively solve the problems of large labor consumption, low pesticide utilization rate, large dosage, and poor prevention and control effect in the process of planting facility cut roses, and guide the planting and production of cut roses.

[0065] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling rose diseases and insect pests, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A high-pressure mist spraying system and a pesticide mixture are used in combination to control rose diseases and insect pests; the pesticide mixture comprises a fungicide and an insecticide; the fungicide is dimethomorph, procymidone and pyrimidine sulfonate, and the insecticide is spinetoram.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pests and diseases include one or more of downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew and thrips.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dilution multiple of the oxadiazine is 1000 to 3000 times; the dilution multiple of the procymidone is 1000 to 3000 times; the dilution multiple of the ethidium bromide is 1000 to 3000 times; the dilution multiple of the ethidol sulfonate is 1000 to 3000 times; the dilution multiple of the spinetoram is 1000 to 3000 times.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure mist spraying system includes: a medicine dispensing barrel, a filter, a medicine spraying booster pump, a power supply, a main control valve, a field valve area and a planting row; the main control valve is connected to the field valve area through a high-pressure medicine delivery main pipe, the field valve area is connected to the planting row through a high-pressure medicine delivery branch pipe, and the planting row is connected to a high-pressure mist nozzle through a high-pressure medicine delivery branch pipe.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The high-pressure atomizing nozzle is arranged at a height of 3.5 to 4 m from the ground.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main engine water outlet pressure adjustment range of the mist spraying system is 60 to 130 bar.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The spraying time of the high-pressure mist spraying system is: according to the field survey results of pests and diseases, when the incidence level of downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew reaches level 2 and / or the thrips population reaches 4 to 6 / m 2 When the pesticide mixture is applied in the field, the mist spraying system is used.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each spraying time is 55 to 65 seconds, and the spraying volume per square meter is 100 to 105 ml.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that: From the first spraying, spray once every 7 days until the roses are harvested.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method is used in a greenhouse or a shed, and the rose is a cut rose.

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