Emergency disposal method for maritime hazardous chemicals

Abstract

The invention discloses a maritime hazardous chemical substance emergency disposal method which comprises the following steps that a ship propelled by hybrid power electric power serves as a rescue ship to go to a safe area outside a maritime hazardous chemical substance leakage area; a power source of the rescue ship is switched into an energy storage device in a safe area outside a seaborne dangerous chemical leakage area; all ventilation devices on the rescue ship are closed; opening a cabin positive pressure protection system and a water curtain protection system on the rescue ship; the rescue ship enters the seaborne dangerous chemical leakage area for rescue operation; when the power of the energy storage device on the rescue ship is insufficient, the rescue ship evacuates from the seaborne dangerous chemical leakage area; a power source of the rescue ship is switched into fuel in a safe area outside the seaborne hazardous chemical substance leakage area; and after the energy storage device on the rescue ship is completely charged, the steps are repeated until disposal is completed. The rescue ship can normally run and run within the hazardous chemical substance range, and the safety of the rescue ship can be effectively protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ship technology, and in particular to an emergency disposal method for hazardous chemicals at sea. Background Art

[0002] Hazardous chemicals are highly toxic chemicals and other chemicals that are flammable, explosive, toxic, harmful and radioactive, and are harmful to human bodies, facilities and the environment. With the development of social economy, the demand for the use and transportation of hazardous chemicals is increasing year by year, and the transportation of hazardous chemicals by ship is the most economical and largest mode of transportation. Therefore, there are more and more ships engaged in the transportation of hazardous chemicals. If these ships collide or leak during transportation, it will cause serious disasters such as combustion, explosion and environmental pollution, and even endanger public safety and the safety of people's lives and property.

[0003] When a hazardous chemical ship is in distress at sea, the cargo it carries may leak or get out of control. Emergency rescue will face the air and water environment containing oily hazardous chemicals, accompanied by the risk of combustion, explosion and corrosion. To carry out emergency rescue or disposal of ships transporting hazardous chemicals at sea, it is necessary to get close to the distressed ship and enter the danger zone.

[0004] For example, in 2018, the Sanchi, which was loaded with 111,300 tons of condensate (natural gasoline), collided with a bulk carrier accidentally. The tanker Sanchi immediately caught fire and continued to burn violently. The sea was filled with flames, toxic smoke and oil stains. Condensate, also known as natural gasoline, is extremely flammable and explosive. After burning, it will decompose and produce toxic fumes such as nitrogen monoxide, carbon dioxide, and sulfur oxides. After arriving at the scene, professional rescue ships "Donghai Rescue 117" and "Donghai Rescue 101" tried to carry out rescue and firefighting operations, but because the fire was large, the frequency of deflagration was high, and the combustion nature of condensate was extremely flammable and explosive, the combustion was unstable, and the sulfur content was high. There was a lot of smoke and toxic gas at the scene, so it was impossible to effectively rescue the Sanchi.

[0005] At sea, rescuing ships in distress is already a risky operation, and rescuing ships carrying hazardous chemicals is another superposition of hazardous chemical hazard risks, and sometimes even multiple harmful factors coexist. In order to improve the emergency rescue effect and efficiency of ships carrying hazardous chemicals and reduce the losses and casualties caused by accidents of ships carrying hazardous chemicals, in addition to knowing yourself and the enemy, and understanding the types and hazards of hazardous chemicals carried, it is also necessary to use necessary professional rescue equipment and special rescue technology for hazardous chemicals to make the risks controllable. How to effectively rescue ships carrying hazardous chemicals at sea and effectively ensure the safety of the rescue ship itself during the rescue process has become a big problem.

[0006] If a hazardous chemical rescue ship wants to enter the dangerous range of hazardous chemicals to carry out rescue operations, it must ensure that the hazardous chemicals and burning smoke, flames, and toxic gases in the dangerous range cannot affect the systems in the rescue ship. At present, there are two propulsion methods for rescue ships at sea in my country. One is electric propulsion (generating electricity through a generator, supplying electricity to the propeller through a distribution board, so that the ship can travel normally), and the other is conventional propulsion (the main engine is directly connected to the propeller through a shaft system, and the ship can travel normally by driving the propeller to rotate). Both propulsion methods require the ship to use the air outside the ship to provide oxygen for the main engine or generator to ensure the normal operation of the generator or main engine. However, within the dangerous range of hazardous chemicals, in order to ensure the normal operation of the ship, if the ventilation facilities on the ship are turned on, hazardous chemicals will enter the ship through the ventilation facilities, thus creating danger. If the ventilation facilities on the ship are turned off, the ship has no power source, and naturally cannot carry out rescue operations within the dangerous range of hazardous chemicals. In addition, within the range of hazardous goods, the opening and closing of any openings on the ship (doors, windows, hatch covers, ventilation facilities, etc.) cannot completely prevent hazardous chemicals from entering the ship. At the same time, the danger zone may also be accompanied by high temperatures caused by the burning of hazardous chemicals, which will also have a huge impact on the normal operation of the rescue ship.

[0007] At present, my country is seriously lacking in special equipment and professional emergency ships that can be used for emergency response to hazardous chemical leakage accidents. The existing hazardous chemical emergency ships lack the functions of protecting themselves within the danger range and providing external assistance such as firefighting and emergency rescue to ships transporting hazardous chemicals at sea. Therefore, there is currently no effective method for emergency response to hazardous chemicals at sea.

[0008] The prior art has the following defects:

[0009] First of all, existing rescue ships are unable to ensure safe and normal navigation and operation within the hazardous range of hazardous chemicals.

[0010] Secondly, existing rescue ships are unable to effectively protect their own safety in the toxic gas and high temperature environments within the dangerous range of hazardous chemicals. Summary of the invention

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and provide an emergency disposal method for hazardous chemicals at sea.

[0012] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0013] A method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Use a hybrid electric propulsion ship as a rescue ship to go to a safe area outside the area where hazardous chemicals leak at sea; the rescue ship carries an energy storage device;

[0015] Step 2: In a safe area outside the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea, switch the power source of the rescue ship to the energy storage device, which will provide power supply for the entire ship; turn off all ventilation devices on the rescue ship; turn on the cabin positive pressure protection system and water curtain protection system on the rescue ship;

[0016] Step 3: The rescue ship enters the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea to carry out rescue operations;

[0017] Step 4: When the energy storage device on the rescue ship is running low on power, evacuate the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea; in a safe area outside the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea, switch the power source of the rescue ship to fuel, and charge the energy storage device carried on the rescue ship;

[0018] Step 5: After the energy storage device on the rescue ship is fully charged, repeat steps 2 to 4 until the marine hazardous materials leakage accident is handled.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 1, the rescue ship uses fuel as a power source to go to a safe area outside the marine hazardous chemical leakage area.

[0020] Furthermore, in step 1, the fuel is light diesel, or fuel oil, or methanol, or natural gas, or ammonia.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 1, the energy storage device is a lithium-ion battery or an energy-type supercapacitor.

[0022] Furthermore, in step 2, the cabin positive pressure protection system releases compressed air to the personnel gathering area through the compressed gas cylinder, thereby ensuring positive air pressure in the personnel gathering area and preventing external dangerous gases from infiltrating into the personnel gathering area.

[0023] Furthermore, in step 2, the water curtain protection system is a water spray system that generates fine water flow to cover the entire deck and superstructure. The water curtain protection system can generate a water curtain for cooling and fire protection, and can dissolve dangerous gases in the air and clean the ship.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 3, the rescue operation includes collecting dangerous goods on site, and detecting and analyzing the status of dangerous goods on site; the rescue operation also includes rescuing the survivors on the distressed ship.

[0025] Furthermore, in step 3, the rescue operation also includes emergency firefighting operations on the distressed ship by the external fire-fighting equipment carried on the rescue ship; the rescue operation also includes the use of the inert gas generating device, leak-stopping and diffusion-preventing equipment, hazardous goods transfer equipment and hazardous goods recovery modular equipment carried on the rescue ship to dispose of the leaked marine hazardous goods.

[0026] Furthermore, step 4 also includes inflating the compressed gas cylinder used by the cabin positive pressure protection system.

[0027] Furthermore, step 4 also includes using intelligent and information-based equipment and technologies for comprehensive emergency command and coordination.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea of ​​the present invention can enable the rescue ship to travel and operate normally within the range of hazardous chemicals, and can effectively protect its own safety in the high temperature and toxic gas environment within the dangerous range of hazardous chemicals. The method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea of ​​the present invention can meet the requirements of rescue ships to operate in waters where hazardous chemicals leak, so that the rescue ship has its own safety protection and external fire-fighting functions, and has emergency rescue and recovery of hazardous chemicals at sea, emergency command support, external fire-fighting and on-site detection capabilities, taking into account functions such as offshore oil spill recovery, so that hazardous chemicals at sea can be effectively disposed of. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] A preferred embodiment is given below to more clearly and completely illustrate the present invention.

[0030] A method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea includes the following steps.

[0031] Step 1: Use a hybrid electric propulsion ship as a rescue ship to go to a safe area outside the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea; the rescue ship carries an energy storage device.

[0032] In step 1, the rescue ship uses fuel as a power source to go to a safe area outside the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea. The fuel is light diesel, or fuel oil, or methanol, or natural gas, or ammonia.

[0033] In step 1, the energy storage device is a lithium-ion battery or an energy-type supercapacitor. The lithium-ion battery is a battery box or a battery placed in a battery compartment. The battery box is a power battery unit or other types of battery boxes.

[0034] The hybrid electric propulsion rescue ship uses fuel as a power source to go to a safe area outside the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea. At this time, the ventilation equipment on board works normally, and the air outside the ship provides oxygen for the generator in the engine room to generate electricity for ship propulsion and other electrical equipment on board. At this time, the generator set can also charge the energy storage device carried on board.

[0035] A hybrid electric propulsion ship refers to a ship whose power source is fuel (the fuel is light diesel, or fuel oil, or methanol, or natural gas, or ammonia, etc.) and an energy storage device. The fuel is burned to generate electricity using a generator set, and the electricity generated by the generator set is directly provided to the propeller to move the ship forward; electricity can also be provided to the propeller through the energy storage device carried on the ship to enable the ship to move forward.

[0036] Step 2: In a safe area outside the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea, switch the power source of the rescue ship to an energy storage device, which will provide power to the entire ship; turn off all ventilation devices on the rescue ship; and turn on the cabin positive pressure protection system and water curtain protection system on the rescue ship.

[0037] In step 2, the cabin positive pressure protection system releases compressed air to the personnel gathering area through compressed gas cylinders to ensure positive air pressure in the personnel gathering area and prevent external dangerous gases from infiltrating into the personnel gathering area.

[0038] The cabin positive pressure protection system can make the pressure inside the ship greater than the atmospheric pressure outside the ship, thereby preventing dangerous gases from outside from penetrating into the safe area.

[0039] In step 2, the water curtain protection system is a water spray system that generates fine water flow to cover the entire deck and superstructure. The water curtain protection system can generate a water curtain for cooling and fire protection, and can dissolve dangerous gases in the air and clean the ship.

[0040] In the hazardous chemical leakage area, if personnel need to enter or exit the superstructure due to operations, a buffer area needs to be set up between the hazardous chemical leakage area and the superstructure to provide a place for rescue personnel entering the superstructure from the hazardous chemical leakage area to shower and rinse off the remaining hazardous chemicals.

[0041] Step 3: The rescue ship enters the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea to carry out rescue operations.

[0042] After the rescue ship enters the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea, the energy storage device on board will provide power to the entire ship for rescue operations.

[0043] In step 3, the rescue operation includes collecting dangerous goods on site, testing and analyzing the status of dangerous goods on site, and rescuing the survivors on the distressed ship. Dangerous goods on site include water samples and gas samples.

[0044] In step 3, the rescue operation also includes emergency firefighting operations for the distressed ship using the external firefighting equipment carried on the rescue ship; the rescue operation also includes the use of the inert gas generator, leak-stopping and diffusion-prevention equipment, hazardous goods transfer equipment and hazardous goods recovery modular equipment carried on the rescue ship to dispose of leaked marine hazardous goods.

[0045] Step 4, when the energy storage device on the rescue ship is insufficient in power, evacuate the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea; in a safe area outside the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea, switch the power source of the rescue ship to fuel, and charge the energy storage device carried on the rescue ship.

[0046] Step 4 also includes inflating the compressed gas cylinders used by the cabin positive pressure protection system.

[0047] Step 4 also includes the use of intelligent and information-based equipment and technologies for comprehensive emergency command and coordination. Intelligent and information-based equipment and technologies are used for comprehensive emergency command to coordinate various units and departments to act quickly and work together in emergency rescue operations to efficiently complete emergency rescue tasks.

[0048] Step 5: After the energy storage device on the rescue ship is fully charged, repeat steps 2 to 4 until the marine hazardous materials leakage accident is handled.

[0049] The method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea of ​​the present invention can enable the rescue ship to travel and operate normally within the range of hazardous chemicals, and can effectively protect its own safety in the high temperature and toxic gas environment within the dangerous range of hazardous chemicals.

[0050] The method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea of ​​the present invention can satisfy the requirement that rescue ships can operate in waters where hazardous chemicals are leaking, so that the rescue ships have their own safety protection and external fire-fighting functions, and have emergency rescue and recovery of hazardous chemicals at sea, emergency command support, external fire-fighting and on-site detection capabilities, while taking into account functions such as offshore oil spill recovery, thereby effectively disposing of hazardous chemicals at sea.

[0051] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention are described above, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that this is only for illustration and the protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, but these changes and modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1: Use a hybrid electric propulsion ship as a rescue ship to go to a safe area outside the area where hazardous chemicals leak at sea; the rescue ship carries an energy storage device; Step 2: In a safe area outside the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea, the power source of the rescue ship is switched to the energy storage device, and the energy storage device provides power supply for the entire ship; Shut down all ventilation systems on the rescue vessel; Open the cabin positive pressure protection system and water curtain protection system on the rescue ship; Step 3: The rescue ship enters the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea to carry out rescue operations; Step 4: When the energy storage device on the rescue ship is running low on power, evacuate the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea; in a safe area outside the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea, switch the power source of the rescue ship to fuel, and charge the energy storage device carried on the rescue ship; Step 5: After the energy storage device on the rescue ship is fully charged, repeat steps 2 to 4 until the marine hazardous materials leakage accident is handled.

2. The method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the rescue ship uses fuel as a power source to go to a safe area outside the hazardous chemical leakage area at sea.

3. The method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the fuel is light diesel, or fuel oil, or methanol, or natural gas, or ammonia.

4. The method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the energy storage device is a lithium-ion battery or an energy-type supercapacitor.

5. The method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the cabin positive pressure protection system releases compressed air to the personnel gathering area through compressed gas cylinders to ensure positive air pressure in the personnel gathering area and prevent external dangerous gases from infiltrating into the personnel gathering area.

6. The method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the water curtain protection system is a water spray system that generates fine water flow to cover the entire deck and superstructure. The water curtain protection system can generate a water curtain for cooling and fire protection, and can dissolve dangerous gases in the air and clean the ship.

7. The method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the rescue operation includes collecting dangerous goods on site, and testing and analyzing the status of dangerous goods at the scene; the rescue operation also includes rescuing the survivors on the distressed ship.

8. The method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the rescue operation also includes emergency firefighting operations for the distressed ship using the external firefighting equipment carried on the rescue ship; the rescue operation also includes the use of the inert gas generator, leak-stopping and diffusion-prevention equipment, hazardous goods transfer equipment and hazardous goods recovery modular equipment carried on the rescue ship to dispose of leaked marine hazardous goods.

9. The method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 4 also includes inflating the compressed gas cylinders used by the cabin positive pressure protection system.

10. The method for emergency disposal of hazardous chemicals at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 4 also includes the use of intelligent and information-based equipment and technologies for comprehensive emergency command and coordination.