High-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument. In the embodiment of the invention, the signal buffering and driving sub-module in the signal conditioning module effectively isolates the sensor from a subsequent circuit by providing high input impedance and low output impedance, the load effect of a signal source is prevented, and the integrity and stability of the signal in the transmission process are ensured. Moreover, the driver part enhances the driving capability of the signal, so that the signal can overcome the impedance of a transmission line, and the attenuation of the signal in long-distance transmission is reduced, thereby guaranteeing the quality of the signal, and enabling the adaptive gain controller sub-module to automatically adjust the gain according to the intensity of the input signal. By means of the innovative design, the system can keep the best sensitivity when facing vibration signals of different amplitudes, signal saturation is avoided, it is guaranteed that weak vibration or strong vibration can be accurately measured, and the data accuracy in the digital signal processing stage is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiment of the present invention relates to the technical field of power generation vibration analysis, and specifically to a high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument. Background Art

[0002] With the development of power generation enterprises, the operating efficiency and safety of power generation equipment have become the focus of enterprises. During the long-term operation of power generation equipment, vibrations will inevitably occur due to factors such as mechanical wear, material fatigue, and load changes. These vibrations not only affect the normal operation of the equipment, but may also cause structural damage and even cause safety accidents. Therefore, highly sensitive measurement and analysis of the vibration of power generation equipment is of great significance for ensuring equipment safety, improving maintenance efficiency, and extending service life.

[0003] However, existing vibration measurement and analysis systems have certain limitations in their application in power generation companies. The signal conditioning process of these systems is not sophisticated enough, resulting in low sensitivity when monitoring early signs of failure of power generation equipment, making it difficult to capture key vibration information and unable to meet the power generation companies' needs for high-precision and high-reliability vibration monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides a high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument.

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides a high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument for power generation equipment, the high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument comprising: a sensor module, a signal conditioning module, a data acquisition module, a data processing and analysis module, a display and storage module and a power module; the signal conditioning module comprises a signal buffer and drive circuit, an adaptive gain controller, a noise suppression circuit, a sensor temperature compensation circuit, a weak signal amplifier and an anti-aliasing filter;

[0006] The sensor module is used to capture the mechanical vibration of the power generation equipment and convert it into an electrical signal;

[0007] The signal conditioning module is used to amplify, filter, suppress noise and perform temperature compensation processing on the electrical signal output by the sensor module;

[0008] The data acquisition module is used to convert the conditioned analog signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter, and perform sampling and quantization;

[0009] The data processing and analysis module is used to receive the digital signal and perform signal processing and analysis by executing a preset algorithm;

[0010] The display and storage module is used to display the analysis results to the user in the form of graphics or text, and store the data for subsequent analysis or record keeping;

[0011] The power supply module is used to provide stable and appropriate power to all other modules to ensure the normal operation of the system.

[0012] In some possible embodiments, the sensor module includes a capacitive vibration sensor, whose working contents include: sensing vibration, converting vibration into electrical signals, providing output impedance to match subsequent circuits, and built-in pre-processing functions, including signal filtering or amplification.

[0013] In some possible embodiments, the signal buffering and driving circuit is used to ensure that the signal maintains its original characteristics during transmission and is not attenuated or distorted.

[0014] In some possible embodiments, the adaptive gain controller is used to automatically adjust the gain of the amplifier by monitoring the amplitude of the input signal in real time to keep the output signal within a certain dynamic range and avoid signal distortion or saturation;

[0015] The calculation method of the adaptive gain controller is:

[0016] Set a target output signal amplitude A_target, measure the current input signal amplitude A_input, and calculate the gain adjustment coefficient K. The calculation formula is: K = A_target / A_input;

[0017] Then adjust the gain G of the variable gain amplifier according to K, and the calculation formula is:

[0018] G_adjusted=K*G_initial; wherein G_initial is the initial gain of the amplifier; this process requires the use of a microprocessor or a digital signal processor to implement an adaptive algorithm.

[0019] In some possible embodiments, the noise suppression circuit is used to reduce or eliminate noise components in the signal through a second-order low-pass active filter and a noise gate; wherein,

[0020] The active filter is used to design appropriate filter parameters according to the frequency characteristics of the signal and the noise, so as to allow only signals within a specific frequency range to pass through and suppress noises of other frequencies;

[0021] The noise gate is used to control the on and off of noise by setting a threshold value. When the signal is lower than the threshold value, the noise gate is closed to prevent the passage of noise; when the signal is higher than the threshold value, the noise gate is opened to allow the signal to pass through, so as to improve the quality and clarity of the signal;

[0022] The transfer function calculation formula of the second-order low-pass active filter is:

[0023] H(s)=(ωn 2 ) / (s 2 +2ζωns+ωn 2 );

[0024] Among them, ωn=2πf_n is the natural frequency, f_n is the cutoff frequency of the filter, and ζ is the damping ratio; when designing, it is necessary to select appropriate ωn and ζ to meet the filtering requirements.

[0025] In some possible embodiments, the sensor temperature compensation circuit is used to:

[0026] Acquiring real-time temperature data of the sensor module using a temperature sensor;

[0027] The gain compensation value at the current temperature is calculated according to the temperature coefficient of the sensor module and a preset compensation algorithm. The compensation value is used to adjust the gain of the amplifier to offset the effect of temperature change on the sensitivity of the sensor module, thereby ensuring that accurate measurement results can be obtained under different temperature conditions.

[0028] The calculation formula for temperature compensation is: Gain_Compensation = 1 + α (T-T0);

[0029] Wherein, α is the temperature coefficient of the sensor module, T is the current temperature, and T0 is the reference temperature;

[0030] The gain adjustment of the compensation amplifier is calculated as:

[0031] ΔG=α(T-T0)*G_initial; where G_initial is the initial gain of the amplifier.

[0032] In some possible embodiments, the weak signal amplifier specifically includes:

[0033] Input stage: The weak signal passes through a low-noise operational amplifier input stage. This cascade is designed with high input impedance to avoid drawing too much current from the signal source.

[0034] Gain stage: After the input stage, the signal is passed to the gain stage where the required gain is set by an external resistor network Rf and Rf. The gain stage is designed to ensure flat gain over the required frequency range and avoid fluctuations in the frequency response.

[0035] Output stage: The amplified signal passes through the output stage. This cascade is designed with low output impedance to ensure that the signal can drive the subsequent circuit or load;

[0036] Power supply decoupling: Decoupling capacitors are added to the entire amplifier circuit to reduce the impact of power supply noise on amplifier performance;

[0037] Filter: Sometimes filters are integrated into the amplifier to further suppress noise and interference and ensure signal purity;

[0038] The calculation formula of the linear amplification process is:

[0039] Vout = A·Vin;

[0040] Vout is the output voltage of the amplifier; Vin is the input voltage of the amplifier; A is the gain of the amplifier, defined as the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage;

[0041] The gain A of the amplifier is set by an external resistor. The formula for the non-inverting amplifier configuration is: A = 1 + Rf / Ri; where: Rf is the resistance value of the feedback resistor; Ri is the resistance value of the input resistor.

[0042] In some possible embodiments, the anti-aliasing filter is designed as a low-pass filter, whose cut-off frequency is set to half of the sampling frequency, thereby ensuring that all signal components higher than the cut-off frequency are effectively filtered out;

[0043] The anti-aliasing filter uses a fourth-order Butterworth low-pass filter to filter out signal components higher than the Nyquist frequency before sampling to prevent aliasing. The transfer function calculation formula is:

[0044] H(s)=(ωn 4 ) / (s 4 +4ζωns 3 +6(ζωn) 2 s 2 +4ζωn 3 s+ωn 4 );

[0045] Among them, the selection of ωn and ζ needs to be determined according to the sampling rate fs, and ωn is set to πfs / 2 to ensure that the filter has sufficient attenuation at the Nyquist frequency.

[0046] In some possible embodiments, the data acquisition module converts the analog signal output by the sensor module into a digital signal for computer processing; comprises an analog-to-digital converter, a sample-and-hold circuit, and a multiplexer; when in use, samples the analog signal, holds the sampled value, converts the sampled value into a digital code, and may perform signal conditioning;

[0047] The data processing and analysis module includes: digital filtering, signal enhancement, feature extraction, frequency analysis, time domain analysis, and fault diagnosis; these processing and analysis steps can extract meaningful vibration features from the raw data and provide users with in-depth insights into the status of the equipment.

[0048] In some possible embodiments, the display and storage module displays the processed data in a user-friendly manner and saves the data for subsequent analysis;

[0049] The display part includes a liquid crystal display or an organic light-emitting diode display, and the storage part includes a flash memory, a hard disk or a cloud storage service; when in use, the analysis results are displayed in the form of charts, waveforms or numerical values, a user interface is provided for interaction, and data is stored and retrieved, ensuring long-term preservation of data and convenient access;

[0050] The power module includes an AC-DC converter, a DC-DC converter, a voltage regulator, a filter and a protection circuit; during power use, it converts the input AC power into the DC power required by the system, maintains the stability and purity of the output voltage, prevents power fluctuations and interference from affecting system performance, and provides protection in overvoltage or overcurrent conditions to ensure safe operation of the system.

[0051] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are:

[0052] 1. In the embodiment of the present invention, the signal conditioning module has a significant beneficial effect on the entire high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis system. It greatly improves the performance of the system and the accuracy of the measurement results through the collaborative work of the internal submodules. First, the signal buffering and driving submodule effectively isolates the sensor from the subsequent circuit by providing high input impedance and low output impedance, prevents the load effect of the signal source, and ensures the integrity and stability of the signal during transmission. In addition, the driver part enhances the driving ability of the signal, so that the signal can overcome the impedance of the transmission line, reduce the attenuation of the signal in long-distance transmission, and thus ensure the quality of the signal.

[0053] 2. In the embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive gain controller submodule automatically adjusts the gain according to the strength of the input signal. This innovative design enables the system to maintain optimal sensitivity when facing vibration signals of different amplitudes. It avoids signal saturation by maximizing the dynamic range, ensuring that both weak and strong vibrations can be accurately measured. At the same time, the noise suppression circuit submodule effectively reduces external interference and internal noise by using filters and specially designed circuits, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal. The sensor temperature compensation circuit solves the drift problem caused by the sensor output changing with temperature, ensuring the stability and reliability of the signal under different environmental conditions. The weak signal amplifier submodule accurately amplifies the weak signal output by the sensor without introducing additional noise, so that even extremely small vibrations can be detected by the system. Finally, the anti-aliasing filter submodule ensures that the high-frequency component will not be mistakenly folded into the available frequency range before the signal is digitized, thereby avoiding aliasing and ensuring the data accuracy in the digital signal processing stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0055] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of the measuring and analyzing instrument system in the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 This is a system block diagram of the signal conditioning module in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. "Including" or "comprising" used in the embodiments of the present invention neither limit the shapes, numbers, steps, actions, operations, components, originals and / or their groups mentioned, nor exclude the appearance or addition of one or more other different shapes, numbers, steps, actions, operations, components, originals and / or their groups, or the addition of these. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number and order of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0059] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be understood that for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship, and the techniques, methods and devices known to ordinary technicians in the relevant fields may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the techniques, methods and devices shown should be considered as part of the authorized specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific other examples may have different values. It should be noted that similar symbols and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0060] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In the embodiments of the present invention, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0061] Below, the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described here.

[0062] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention relates to a high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument, including: a sensor module, a signal conditioning module, a data acquisition module, a data processing and analysis module, a display and storage module and a power module.

[0063] The signal conditioning module is internally provided with signal buffer and driver, adaptive gain controller, noise suppression circuit, sensor temperature compensation circuit, weak signal amplifier and anti-aliasing filter.

[0064] The sensor module is responsible for capturing mechanical vibrations and converting them into electrical signals, which are then passed to the signal conditioning module. The signal conditioning module amplifies, filters, suppresses noise, and performs temperature compensation on the weak signals output by the sensor to optimize signal quality, and then outputs the conditioned signals to the data acquisition module.

[0065] The data acquisition module converts the conditioned analog signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and performs sampling and quantization for digital processing. Next, the data processing and analysis module receives these digital signals and performs signal processing and analysis by executing various algorithms, such as spectrum analysis, feature extraction, and fault diagnosis. The processed data is sent to the display and storage module.

[0066] The display and storage module is responsible for displaying the analysis results to the user in the form of graphics or text, and storing the data for subsequent analysis or record keeping. The power module provides stable and appropriate power to all other modules to ensure the normal operation of the system.

[0067] The sensor module converts mechanical vibration into electrical signals. It consists of a capacitive vibration sensor, and its working contents include: sensing vibration, converting vibration into electrical signals, providing appropriate output impedance to match the subsequent circuit, and possible built-in pre-processing functions such as signal filtering or amplification to ensure signal stability and reliability.

[0068] Signal buffering and driving ensure that the signal maintains its original characteristics during transmission without attenuation or distortion. By using the characteristics of high input impedance and low output impedance, the direct connection between the signal source and the subsequent circuit is effectively isolated to prevent the signal source from being affected by load changes. At the same time, the driver part is responsible for enhancing the driving ability of the signal and providing sufficient current and voltage so that the signal can overcome the impedance of the transmission line and be transmitted over long distances to the subsequent processing unit. In this process, the driver will also match according to the characteristics of the line to ensure the stability and integrity of the signal during transmission.

[0069] Adaptive gain controller uses adaptive gain controller to automatically adjust the gain of the amplifier by real-time monitoring of the amplitude of the input signal to keep the output signal within a certain dynamic range and avoid signal distortion or saturation;

[0070] The calculation method of the adaptive gain controller is:

[0071] Set a target output signal amplitude A_target, measure the current input signal amplitude A_input, and calculate the gain adjustment coefficient K. The calculation formula is: K = A_target / A_input;

[0072] Then adjust the gain G of the variable gain amplifier according to K, and the calculation formula is:

[0073] G_adjusted = K*G_initial; where G_initial is the initial gain of the amplifier. This process may require the use of a microprocessor or digital signal processor to implement an adaptive algorithm:

[0074] The noise suppression circuit reduces or eliminates the noise components in the signal through a second-order low-pass active filter and a noise gate. The active filter designs appropriate filter parameters based on the frequency characteristics of the signal and noise, allowing only signals in a specific frequency range to pass through while suppressing noise of other frequencies. The noise gate controls the on-off of noise by setting a threshold. When the signal is lower than the threshold, the noise gate closes, thereby preventing the noise from passing through; when the signal is higher than the threshold, the noise gate opens, allowing the signal to pass through. In this way, the noise suppression circuit module effectively improves the quality and clarity of the signal;

[0075] The transfer function calculation formula of the second-order low-pass active filter is:

[0076] H(s)=(ωn 2 ) / (s 2 +2ζωns+ωn 2 );

[0077] Among them, ωn=2πf_n is the natural frequency, f_n is the cutoff frequency of the filter, and ζ is the damping ratio. When designing, it is necessary to select appropriate ωn and ζ to meet the filtering requirements.

[0078] The sensor temperature compensation circuit monitors the temperature change of the sensor and uses the temperature sensor to obtain real-time temperature data. Then, based on the temperature coefficient of the sensor and the pre-set compensation algorithm, the gain compensation value at the current temperature is calculated. This compensation value is used to adjust the gain of the amplifier to offset the effect of temperature change on the sensitivity of the sensor, ensuring accurate measurement results under different temperature conditions;

[0079] The calculation formula for temperature compensation is: Gain_Compensation = 1 + α (T-T0);

[0080] Where α is the temperature coefficient of the sensor, T is the current temperature, and T0 is the reference temperature; the gain adjustment of the compensation amplifier is calculated as:

[0081] ΔG=α(T-T0)*G_initial; where G_initial is the initial gain of the amplifier.

[0082] The weak signal amplifier specifically includes:

[0083] Input stage: The weak signal first passes through a low-noise operational amplifier input stage. This cascade is usually designed with high input impedance to avoid drawing too much current from the signal source.

[0084] Gain stage: After the input stage, the signal is passed to the gain stage where the required gain is set by an external resistor network (Rf and Rf). The gain stage is designed to ensure that the gain is flat over the required frequency range and avoid fluctuations in the frequency response.

[0085] Output stage: The amplified signal passes through the output stage. This cascade is usually designed with low output impedance to ensure that the signal can drive the subsequent circuit or load.

[0086] Power supply decoupling: Decoupling capacitors are usually added to the entire amplifier circuit to reduce the impact of power supply noise on amplifier performance.

[0087] Filter: Sometimes filters are integrated into the amplifier to further suppress noise and interference and ensure signal purity;

[0088] The calculation formula of the linear amplification process is:

[0089] Vout = A·Vin;

[0090] Vout is the output voltage of the amplifier; Vin is the input voltage of the amplifier. A is the gain of the amplifier, defined as the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage;

[0091] The gain A of the amplifier is set by an external resistor. The formula for the non-inverting amplifier configuration is: A = 1 + Rf / Ri; where: Rf is the resistance value of the feedback resistor; Ri is the resistance value of the input resistor.

[0092] The anti-aliasing filter is designed by a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency set to half the sampling frequency (according to the Nyquist sampling theorem), thus ensuring that all signal components above the cutoff frequency are effectively filtered out;

[0093] The anti-aliasing filter uses a fourth-order Butterworth low-pass filter to filter out signal components above the Nyquist frequency before sampling to prevent aliasing. The transfer function calculation formula is:

[0094] H(s)=(ωn 4 ) / (s 4 +4ζωns 3 +6(ζωn) 2 s 2 +4ζωn 3 s+ωn 4 );

[0095] Among them, the selection of ωn and ζ needs to be determined according to the sampling rate fs, and ωn is set to πfs / 2 to ensure that the filter has sufficient attenuation at the Nyquist frequency.

[0096] The data acquisition module converts the analog signal output by the sensor module into a digital signal for computer processing. It contains an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a sample-and-hold circuit, and a multiplexer. When in use, it samples the analog signal, holds the sampled value, converts the sampled value into a digital code, and performs possible signal conditioning, such as range adjustment or offset correction, to ensure that the collected data is both accurate and complete;

[0097] The data processing and analysis module further processes and analyzes the collected digital signals to extract useful information. It is composed of a digital signal processor (DSP) or a microprocessor executing an algorithm. Its working contents include: digital filtering, signal enhancement, feature extraction, frequency analysis, time domain analysis, fault diagnosis, etc. These processing and analysis steps can extract meaningful vibration features from the raw data and provide users with in-depth insights into the status of the equipment.

[0098] The display and storage module displays the processed data in a user-friendly manner and saves the data for subsequent analysis. The display part includes a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic light-emitting diode display (OLED), and the storage part includes a flash memory, a hard disk or a cloud storage service. When in use, the analysis results are displayed in the form of charts, waveforms or numerical values, a user interface is provided for interaction, and data storage and retrieval are performed to ensure long-term data preservation and convenient access;

[0099] The power module includes an AC-DC converter, a DC-DC converter, a voltage regulator, a filter, and a protection circuit. During power use, it converts the input AC power into the DC power required by the system, maintains the stability and purity of the output voltage, prevents power fluctuations and interference from affecting system performance, and provides protection in the event of overvoltage or overcurrent to ensure safe operation of the system.

[0100] In the embodiment of the present invention, the signal conditioning module has a significant beneficial effect on the entire high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis system. It greatly improves the performance of the system and the accuracy of the measurement results through the collaborative work of the internal submodules. First, the signal buffering and driving submodule effectively isolates the sensor from the subsequent circuit by providing high input impedance and low output impedance, prevents the load effect of the signal source, and ensures the integrity and stability of the signal during transmission. In addition, the driver part enhances the driving ability of the signal, so that the signal can overcome the impedance of the transmission line, reduce the attenuation of the signal in long-distance transmission, and thus ensure the quality of the signal.

[0101] In the embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive gain controller submodule automatically adjusts the gain according to the strength of the input signal. This innovative design enables the system to maintain optimal sensitivity when facing vibration signals of different amplitudes. It avoids signal saturation by maximizing the dynamic range, ensuring that both weak and strong vibrations can be accurately measured. At the same time, the noise suppression circuit submodule effectively reduces external interference and internal noise by using filters and specially designed circuits, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal. The sensor temperature compensation circuit solves the drift problem caused by the sensor output changing with temperature, ensuring the stability and reliability of the signal under different environmental conditions. The weak signal amplifier submodule accurately amplifies the weak signal output by the sensor without introducing additional noise, so that even extremely small vibrations can be detected by the system. Finally, the anti-aliasing filter submodule ensures that the high-frequency component will not be mistakenly folded into the available frequency range before the signal is digitized, thereby avoiding aliasing and ensuring the data accuracy in the digital signal processing stage.

[0102] In the embodiments of the present invention, in summary, the signal conditioning module significantly improves the sensitivity and measurement accuracy of the entire vibration measurement and analysis system through fine adjustment and optimization of these internal sub-modules, enabling the system to capture more subtle vibration information within a wider dynamic range, providing high-quality basic data for subsequent data processing and analysis, thereby playing a key role in the fields of mechanical condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, etc.

[0103] It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument for power generation equipment, characterized in that: The high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analyzer comprises: a sensor module, a signal conditioning module, a data acquisition module, a data processing and analysis module, a display and storage module and a power supply module; the signal conditioning module comprises a signal buffer and drive circuit, an adaptive gain controller, a noise suppression circuit, a sensor temperature compensation circuit, a weak signal amplifier and an anti-aliasing filter; The sensor module is used to capture the mechanical vibration of the power generation equipment and convert it into an electrical signal; The signal conditioning module is used to amplify, filter, suppress noise and perform temperature compensation processing on the electrical signal output by the sensor module; The data acquisition module is used to convert the conditioned analog signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter, and perform sampling and quantization; The data processing and analysis module is used to receive the digital signal and perform signal processing and analysis by executing a preset algorithm; The display and storage module is used to display the analysis results to the user in the form of graphics or text, and store the data for subsequent analysis or record keeping; The power supply module is used to provide stable and appropriate power to all other modules to ensure the normal operation of the system.

2. The high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor module includes a capacitive vibration sensor, and its working contents include: sensing vibration, converting vibration into electrical signals, providing output impedance to match subsequent circuits, and built-in pre-processing functions, including signal filtering or amplification.

3. The high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal buffering and driving circuit is used to ensure that the signal maintains its original characteristics during transmission and is not attenuated or distorted.

4. The high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive gain controller is used to automatically adjust the gain of the amplifier by monitoring the amplitude of the input signal in real time to keep the output signal within a certain dynamic range and avoid signal distortion or saturation; The calculation method of the adaptive gain controller is: Set a target output signal amplitude A_target, measure the current input signal amplitude A_input, and calculate the gain adjustment coefficient K. The calculation formula is: K = A_target / A_input; Then adjust the gain G of the variable gain amplifier according to K, and the calculation formula is: G_adjusted=K*G_initial; wherein G_initial is the initial gain of the amplifier; this process requires the use of a microprocessor or a digital signal processor to implement an adaptive algorithm.

5. The high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The noise suppression circuit is used to reduce or eliminate the noise component in the signal through a second-order low-pass active filter and a noise gate; wherein, The active filter is used to design appropriate filter parameters according to the frequency characteristics of the signal and the noise, so as to allow only signals within a specific frequency range to pass through and suppress noises of other frequencies; The noise gate is used to control the on and off of noise by setting a threshold value. When the signal is lower than the threshold value, the noise gate is closed to prevent the passage of noise; when the signal is higher than the threshold value, the noise gate is opened to allow the signal to pass through, so as to improve the quality and clarity of the signal; The transfer function calculation formula of the second-order low-pass active filter is: H(s)=(ωn 2 ) / (s 2 +2ζωns+ωn 2 ); Among them, ωn=2πf_n is the natural frequency, f_n is the cutoff frequency of the filter, and ζ is the damping ratio; when designing, it is necessary to select appropriate ωn and ζ to meet the filtering requirements.

6. The high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor temperature compensation circuit is used for: Acquiring real-time temperature data of the sensor module using a temperature sensor; The gain compensation value at the current temperature is calculated according to the temperature coefficient of the sensor module and a preset compensation algorithm. The compensation value is used to adjust the gain of the amplifier to offset the effect of temperature change on the sensitivity of the sensor module, thereby ensuring that accurate measurement results can be obtained under different temperature conditions. The calculation formula for temperature compensation is: Gain_Compensation = 1 + α (T-T0); Wherein, α is the temperature coefficient of the sensor module, T is the current temperature, and T0 is the reference temperature; The gain adjustment of the compensation amplifier is calculated as: ΔG=α(T-T0)*G_initial; where G_initial is the initial gain of the amplifier.

7. The high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weak signal amplifier specifically comprises: Input stage: The weak signal passes through a low-noise operational amplifier input stage. This cascade is designed with high input impedance to avoid drawing too much current from the signal source. Gain stage: After the input stage, the signal is passed to the gain stage where the required gain is set by an external resistor network Rf and Rf. The gain stage is designed to ensure flat gain over the required frequency range and avoid fluctuations in the frequency response. Output stage: The amplified signal passes through the output stage. This cascade is designed with low output impedance to ensure that the signal can drive the subsequent circuit or load; Power supply decoupling: Decoupling capacitors are added to the entire amplifier circuit to reduce the impact of power supply noise on amplifier performance; Filter: Sometimes filters are integrated into the amplifier to further suppress noise and interference and ensure signal purity; The calculation formula of the linear amplification process is: Vout = A·Vin; Vout is the output voltage of the amplifier; Vin is the input voltage of the amplifier; A is the gain of the amplifier, defined as the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage; The gain A of the amplifier is set by an external resistor. The formula for the non-inverting amplifier configuration is: A = 1 + Rf / Ri; where: Rf is the resistance value of the feedback resistor; Ri is the resistance value of the input resistor.

8. The high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-aliasing filter is designed as a low-pass filter, whose cut-off frequency is set to half of the sampling frequency, thereby ensuring that all signal components higher than the cut-off frequency are effectively filtered out; The anti-aliasing filter uses a fourth-order Butterworth low-pass filter to filter out signal components higher than the Nyquist frequency before sampling to prevent aliasing. The transfer function calculation formula is: H(s)=(ωn 4 ) / (s 4 +4ζωns 3 +6(ζωn) 2 s 2 +4ζωn 3 s+ωn 4 ); Among them, the selection of ωn and ζ needs to be determined according to the sampling rate fs, and ωn is set to πfs / 2 to ensure that the filter has sufficient attenuation at the Nyquist frequency.

9. The high-sensitivity vibration measurement and analysis instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module converts the analog signal output by the sensor module into a digital signal for computer processing; it includes an analog-to-digital converter, a sample-and-hold circuit, and a multiplexer; when in use, it samples the analog signal, holds the sampled value, converts the sampled value into a digital code, and may perform signal conditioning; The data processing and analysis module includes: digital filtering, signal enhancement, feature extraction, frequency analysis, time domain analysis, and fault diagnosis; these processing and analysis steps can extract meaningful vibration features from the raw data and provide users with in-depth insights into the status of the equipment.

10. The high-sensitivity vibration measuring and analyzing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The display and storage module displays the processed data in a user-friendly manner and saves the data for subsequent analysis; The display part includes a liquid crystal display or an organic light-emitting diode display, and the storage part includes a flash memory, a hard disk or a cloud storage service; when in use, the analysis results are displayed in the form of charts, waveforms or numerical values, a user interface is provided for interaction, and data is stored and retrieved, ensuring long-term preservation of data and convenient access; The power module includes an AC-DC converter, a DC-DC converter, a voltage regulator, a filter and a protection circuit; during power use, it converts the input AC power into the DC power required by the system, maintains the stability and purity of the output voltage, prevents power fluctuations and interference from affecting system performance, and provides protection in overvoltage or overcurrent conditions to ensure safe operation of the system.

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