Cutting pick impact rock cutting test device and method based on gravitational potential energy

Abstract

The invention discloses a cutting pick impact rock cutting test device and method based on gravitational potential energy. The device mainly comprises a rock adjusting mechanism, a rock confining pressure mechanism, a gravity conversion mechanism, a cutting pick mounting mechanism and a data acquisition and control mechanism, the rock adjusting mechanism is used for transversely and longitudinally adjusting the rock sample; the rock confining pressure mechanism applies transverse pressure and vertical pressure to the rock sample; the gravity conversion mechanism drives the cutting pick sample on the cutting pick mounting mechanism to finish free falling; and the cutting tooth sample freely falls down and cuts the rock sample. The cutting tooth impact rock cutting test device and method based on gravitational potential energy provided by the invention are beneficial to comprehensive research on the process of cutting tooth impact rock cutting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a test device, in particular to a pick impact rock cutting test device and method based on gravity potential energy. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of safety awareness, more and more mining industries use mechanical mining instead of traditional blasting. Roadheaders are the main equipment for mechanical mining. Picks are the tools used by roadheaders to break rocks. The performance of picks directly affects the cutting performance, safety and economy of roadheaders. During the cutting process, picks impact the ore and rock at a high speed and are subjected to a huge impact load. At the same time, a large amount of frictional heat will be generated between the picks and the ore, causing the contact part of the picks to heat up rapidly. The temperature increase will reduce the cutting performance of the picks.

[0003] The existing pick test machine mainly uses electric motors and hydraulic pumps to provide energy. The existing pick cutting test machine mainly cuts rocks in rotation and linear cutting. Its motion power comes from electric motors and hydraulic cylinders. The power of the electric motor is transmitted through the reducer to drive the pick to perform rotational cutting, while the hydraulic cylinder directly drives the pick to perform linear cutting. These two energies cannot be released in a short time and cannot simulate the effect of impact force on rocks. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pick impact rock cutting test device and method based on gravitational potential energy. By adjusting the counterweight mass, the falling distance and the pick installation angle, the instantaneous impact energy, the impact cutting speed and the impact cutting angle of the pick in contact with the rock sample are controlled. At the same time, the experimental data such as the impact speed, impact force and friction temperature of the pick are detected and recorded, which is conducive to a comprehensive study of the pick impact cutting rock process.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A pick impact rock cutting test device based on gravity potential energy, comprising a rock adjustment mechanism, a rock confining pressure mechanism, a gravity conversion mechanism, a pick installation mechanism and a data acquisition and control mechanism; The rock adjustment mechanism adjusts the rock sample horizontally and vertically; The rock confining pressure mechanism applies lateral pressure and vertical pressure to the rock sample; The gravity conversion mechanism drives the pick sample on the pick mounting mechanism to complete free fall; The pick sample falls freely and cuts the rock sample.

[0006] The rock adjustment mechanism comprises a base, a transverse moving frame slidingly cooperates with the base and is driven to move transversely by a first hydraulic cylinder; a longitudinal moving frame is arranged on the transverse moving frame, and the longitudinal moving frame is driven to move longitudinally by a second hydraulic cylinder.

[0007] A first roller is installed on the base, and a first guide rail is fixed on the lower end surface of the corresponding lateral movable frame, and the first guide rail is placed on the first roller; a second guide rail is fixed on the lateral movable frame, and a second roller is installed on the lower part of the longitudinal movable frame, and the second roller and the second guide rail are in rolling cooperation.

[0008] The rock confining pressure mechanism includes a transverse fixing plate and a fourth mounting plate, wherein the lower ends of the transverse fixing plate and the fourth mounting plate are fixed on the transverse movable frame and the upper ends are connected to the third mounting plate; a third hydraulic cylinder is installed on the third mounting plate, and the third hydraulic cylinder drives the pressure plate to apply vertical pressure; a fourth hydraulic cylinder is installed on the fourth mounting plate, and the fourth hydraulic cylinder drives the transverse pressure plate to apply transverse pressure.

[0009] The gravity conversion mechanism includes a bracket, a storage plate is arranged on the bracket and slides vertically along the bracket; a counterweight block is arranged on the storage plate, and the counterweight block is fixed by a pressure plate and a first bolt and nut; the top end of the pressure plate is connected or disconnected with an automatic release hook, and the automatic release hook is connected to a winding device at the upper end of the bracket through a suspension rope.

[0010] The bracket includes a cushion block, a cushion plate is fixed above the cushion block, the lower end of the slide rail is installed on the cushion plate, the upper end of the slide rail passes through the fixed plate and is connected to the motor mounting plate; the lower end of the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the cushion plate, and the upper end is installed with a second hydraulic shock absorber.

[0011] The pick mounting mechanism comprises a longitudinal mounting frame, which is mounted on the lower part of the storage plate. The screws at both ends of the longitudinal adjustment frame pass through the arc groove of the longitudinal mounting frame and are locked by a second bolt and nut. One end of the stress sensor is connected to the longitudinal adjustment frame and the other end is connected to the longitudinal connecting frame. A pick mounting seat is installed on the longitudinal connecting frame, and the pick sample can be detachably fixed on the pick mounting seat.

[0012] An infrared camera and a high-speed camera are installed on the transverse moving frame, and the infrared camera and the high-speed camera collect the temperature, cutting speed and degree of damage of the rock sample during the cutting process of the pick sample.

[0013] A rock cutting test method for impacting a pick based on gravitational potential energy comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select the rock sample required for the experiment, install the rock sample on the longitudinal movable frame, and make it contact with the transverse fixed plate; the control console controls the extension and retraction of the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder to adjust the position of the rock sample; the first hydraulic cylinder adjusts the transverse position of the rock sample, and the second hydraulic cylinder adjusts the longitudinal position of the rock sample; if there is a requirement to apply confining pressure, use the control console to control the third hydraulic cylinder and the fourth hydraulic cylinder to apply confining pressure to the rock sample, the third hydraulic cylinder is responsible for applying transverse pressure, and the fourth hydraulic cylinder is responsible for applying vertical pressure; in this way, the installation of the rock sample and the application of confining pressure are completed; Step 2: Use the control console to raise the pick mounting seat to a suitable height, install the pick sample used in the experiment on the pick mounting seat through the retaining spring, and then adjust the installation angle of the longitudinal adjustment frame and tighten the second bolt and nut to control the lateral contact angle of the pick sample; adjust the installation angle of the pick mounting seat and tighten the third bolt and nut to control the longitudinal contact angle of the pick sample; this completes the installation of the pick sample and the adjustment of its impact cutting angle of the rock sample; Step 3: Lower the pick sample to a height near the top of the rock sample, control the second hydraulic cylinder to move the longitudinal moving frame, and adjust the relative distance between the exposed vertical surface of the rock sample and the pick sample, so as to complete the adjustment of the cutting depth of the rock impact cutting by the pick sample; Step 4: Select the number of counterweights and the height of the storage plate according to the experimental requirements, stack the counterweights on the storage plate, buckle the pressure plate, and then tighten the first bolt and nut. Then control the reduction motor through the console to drive the automatic release hook at the end of the wire of the wire drum. At this time, the automatic release hook locks the lifting ring and rises to the experimental height; Step 5: Initialize the high-speed camera, infrared camera and stress sensor on the console, and control the weight to rise to the experimental height. The automatic release hook is unlocked, and the pick sample falls along the slide rail with the weight, and its speed is continuously accelerated until it impacts and cuts the rock sample at the set cutting angle and cutting depth. The reaction force generated by the pick sample and the rock sample gradually decelerates it. The second hydraulic shock absorber plays a buffering and shock-absorbing role for the placement plate that has not completely stopped. After the counterweight block completely falls and stops, the collected relevant data is saved, thus completing a pick impact cutting experiment based on gravitational potential energy; Step 6: Control the first hydraulic cylinder to push the rock sample to move laterally, to a certain distance from the deep groove on the surface of the rock sample caused by the pick sample, and then repeat Step 4-Step 5 to carry out the next cutting experiment.

[0014] The present invention provides a pick impact rock cutting test device and method based on gravitational potential energy, which has the following technical effects: 1) This application combines the gravity conversion mechanism with the pick installation mechanism to convert the gravity potential energy of the falling counterweight block into the kinetic energy of the pick to impact and cut the rock, avoiding the high-power transmission device driving the pick to cut the rock. It is relatively more environmentally friendly and has low noise. This working method has not been applied in the existing technology.

[0015] By adding a weight block to the gravity conversion mechanism, not only can the falling height be adjusted, but also the number of weight blocks can be controlled to make the impact kinetic energy meet the requirements and ensure that the impact kinetic energy is sufficient. Although there are gravity impact testers in the prior art, they can neither increase or decrease the weight blocks, nor are they generally adjusted in conjunction with the pick mounting mechanism to achieve impact cutting of rock samples under different cutting angles, cutting depths, and other conditions.

[0016] 2) This device can apply confining pressure to the rock through the confining pressure mechanism, which is more in line with the actual working conditions of the pick.

[0017] The confining pressure mechanism in the present application can exert pressure on the rock in the horizontal and vertical directions. When the pick is cutting, the contacting rock surface is only subjected to the cutting force, and the experimental results are closer to reality.

[0018] In addition, the confining pressure mechanism is arranged on the transverse moving frame instead of the longitudinal moving frame, so that the relative rock surface where the pick contacts the rock surface contacts the longitudinal moving frame, and the rock as a whole does not move, thus ensuring the stability of the cutting depth during the experiment.

[0019] 3) By adjusting the installation angle of the longitudinal adjustment frame, the lateral contact angle of the pick sample is controlled; by adjusting the installation angle of the pick mounting seat, the longitudinal contact angle of the pick sample is controlled; thus, the installation of the pick sample and the adjustment of its impact cutting angle of the rock sample are completed; By moving the longitudinal moving frame, the relative distance (cutting depth) between the exposed vertical surface of the rock sample and the pick sample is adjusted, thus completing the adjustment of the cutting depth of the rock impacted by the pick sample; by pushing the rock sample to move horizontally through the transverse moving frame, a certain distance is maintained between the deep grooves on the surface of the rock sample destroyed by the pick sample, thereby adjusting the distance between multiple cuts; by selecting the number of counterweights and the rising height of the pick sample, the cutting speed can be adjusted. In summary, the device can adjust the cutting angle, speed and distance between multiple cuts of the pick impact cutting.

[0020] 4) Rich data collection, including high-speed images of pick impact cutting, heating process and forces in multiple directions of pick cutting, facilitates comprehensive research on the cutting process and pick damage.

[0021] 5) When conducting the pick impact cutting experiment, a set confining pressure can be applied to the rock, and the falling iron block can be used to drive the pick to cut the rock sample at a certain speed and angle. At the same time, a multi-directional stress sensor is used to record the force during the pick cutting process, and an infrared camera and a high-speed camera are used to record the cutting process, rock crushing and pick temperature changes; after a single cutting is completed, the rock position is automatically adjusted, and the gravity block rises to the initial position. Adjusting the height position and number of the gravity blocks can adjust the initial speed of the pick cutting the rock, and conduct different cutting experiments. This device does not require a high-power motor or hydraulic pump, and has the advantages of low operating noise, adjustable cutting parameters and convenient data collection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the data acquisition and control mechanism in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rock adjustment mechanism in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a top view of the confining pressure mechanism in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the confining pressure mechanism in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pick installation mechanism in the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the gravity conversion mechanism in the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the weight applying mechanism in the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: base 101, first hydraulic shock absorber 102, first hydraulic cylinder 103, first roller 104, first guide rail 105, second hydraulic cylinder 106, second mounting plate 107, longitudinal moving frame 108, second roller 109, second guide rail 110, transverse moving frame 111, first mounting plate 112, transverse fixing plate 201, third hydraulic cylinder 202, third mounting plate 203, fourth hydraulic cylinder 204, fourth mounting plate 205, transverse pressure plate 206, vertical pressure plate 207, rock sample 208, pad 301, fixing plate 302, slide block 303, first bolt and nut 304, slide rail 305, Lifting ring 306, pressure plate 307, counterweight block 308, storage plate 309, second hydraulic shock absorber 310, cushion block 311, reduction motor 312, wire drum 313, motor mounting plate 314, automatic release hook 315, longitudinal mounting frame 401, second bolts and nuts 402, longitudinal adjustment frame 403, stress sensor 404, longitudinal connecting frame 405, third bolts and nuts 406, pick mounting seat 407, retaining ring 408, pick specimen 409, control console 501, hydraulic system 502, infrared camera 503, high-speed camera 504, first camera mounting frame 505, second camera mounting frame 506. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a pick impact rock cutting test device based on gravity potential energy includes a rock adjustment mechanism, a rock confining pressure mechanism, a gravity conversion mechanism, a pick installation mechanism, and a data acquisition and control mechanism.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, the rock adjustment mechanism includes a base 101, a first hydraulic shock absorber 102, a first hydraulic cylinder 103, a first roller 104, a first guide rail 105, a second hydraulic cylinder 106, a second mounting plate 107, a longitudinal moving frame 108, a second roller 109, a second guide rail 110, a transverse moving frame 111 and a first mounting plate 112.

[0033] Wherein: the first hydraulic shock absorber 102 is fixed under the base 101 to play a shock absorbing and buffering role.

[0034] A first mounting plate 112 is fixed to one side edge of the upper end of the base 101, and a plurality of first rollers 104 are additionally mounted on the base 101. The cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 103 is fixed to the first mounting plate 112, and the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 103 is fixed to the transverse moving frame 111. A pair of first guide rails 105 are fixed to the lower end surface of the transverse moving frame 111, and the first guide rails 105 are placed on the first rollers 104. In this way, when the first hydraulic cylinder 103 is extended, it will push the transverse moving frame 111 to move transversely along the first rollers 104.

[0035] A second guide rail 110 is fixed on the upper end surface of the transverse moving frame 111, and a second mounting plate 107 is fixed on the transverse moving frame 111 on one side of the second guide rail 110. The cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 106 is fixed on the second mounting plate 107, and the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 106 is fixed on the longitudinal moving frame 108. A second roller 109 is installed at the lower part of the longitudinal moving frame 108, and the second roller 109 is in rolling cooperation with the second guide rail 110. In this way, when the second hydraulic cylinder 106 is extended, it will push the longitudinal moving frame 108 to move longitudinally along the second guide rail 110.

[0036] like Figure 3-5 As shown, the rock confining pressure mechanism includes a transverse fixing plate 201, a third hydraulic cylinder 202, a third mounting plate 203, a fourth hydraulic cylinder 204, a fourth mounting plate 205, a transverse pressure plate 206, a vertical pressure plate 207 and a rock sample 208.

[0037] Among them: the transverse fixing plate 201 and the fourth mounting plate 205 are fixed on the upper part of the transverse moving frame 111, and the third mounting plate 203 is connected to the transverse fixing plate 201 and the fourth mounting plate 205. The cylinder body of the third hydraulic cylinder 202 is installed on the third mounting plate 203, and the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder 202 is vertical and connected to the pressure plate 207. The cylinder body of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 204 is installed on the fourth mounting plate 205, and the piston rod of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 204 is connected to the transverse pressure plate 206.

[0038] Among them: the rock sample 208 is placed on the longitudinal movable frame 108, in the lateral direction, one side of the rock sample 208 will contact the lateral fixed plate 201, and the other side will contact the lateral pressure plate 206, and the fourth hydraulic cylinder 204 will push the lateral pressure plate 206 to move a certain distance, thereby applying lateral pressure to the rock sample 208; in the vertical direction, the bottom surface of the rock sample 208 will contact the longitudinal movable frame 108, and the other side will contact the vertical pressure plate 207, and the third hydraulic cylinder 202 will push the vertical pressure plate 207 to move a certain distance, thereby applying vertical pressure to the rock sample 208.

[0039] like Figure 7-8 As shown, the gravity conversion mechanism includes a pad 301, a fixing plate 302, a slider 303, a first bolt and nut 304, a slide rail 305, a lifting ring 306, a pressure plate 307, a counterweight block 308, a storage plate 309, a second hydraulic shock absorber 310, a pad 311, a reduction motor 312, a wire drum 313, a motor mounting plate 314 and an automatic release hook 315.

[0040] The backing plate 301 is fixed on the cushion block 311, the slide rail 305 is installed on the backing plate 301, passes through the fixed plate 302, and the fixed plate 302 is connected to the backing plate 301. The second hydraulic shock absorber 310 is installed on the fixed plate 302 to buffer the falling weight plate.

[0041] The slider 303 is connected to the storage plate 309 and installed on the slide rail 305 to limit the storage plate 309 from moving up and down along the slide rail 305. A counterweight block 308 and a pressure plate 307 are arranged above the storage plate 309. The first bolt and nut 304 connect and fix the storage plate 309, the counterweight block 308 and the pressure plate 307. The number of the counterweight blocks 308 is adjusted according to the experiment, and they are fixed in the same way. A lifting ring 306 is installed above the pressure plate 307.

[0042] Among them: the motor mounting plate 314 is fixed to the upper end of the slide rail 305, and the reduction motor 312 is assembled with the wire drum 313, and both are installed on the motor mounting plate 314. The wire of the wire drum 313 passes through the motor mounting plate 314 and is connected to the automatic release hook 315. When the automatic release hook 315 hooks the lifting ring 306, it cooperates with the reduction motor 312 to control the height of the counterweight 308. When the automatic release hook 315 is separated from the lifting ring 306, the counterweight 308 will fall freely along the slide rail 305.

[0043] like Figure 6 As shown, the pick installation mechanism includes a longitudinal installation frame 401, a second bolt and nut 402, a longitudinal adjustment frame 403, a stress sensor 404, a longitudinal connecting frame 405, a third bolt and nut 406, a pick mounting seat 407, a retaining spring 408 and a pick sample 409.

[0044] Wherein: the longitudinal mounting frame 401 is installed at the lower part of the storage plate 309, and the longitudinal adjustment frame 403 is fixed to the longitudinal mounting frame 401 using the second bolt and nut 402. Before tightening the second bolt and nut 402, the installation angle (horizontal angle) of the longitudinal adjustment frame 403 is adjusted according to the experimental requirements.

[0045] Among them: one end of the stress sensor 404 is connected to the longitudinal adjustment frame 403, and the other end is connected to the longitudinal connecting frame 405. The pick mounting seat 407 is fixed to the longitudinal connecting frame 405 by the third bolt and nut 406. Before tightening the third bolt and nut 406, the installation angle (longitudinal angle) of the pick mounting seat 407 is adjusted according to the experimental requirements. The pick sample 409 is fixed on the pick mounting seat 407 by the retaining spring 408.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, the data acquisition and control mechanism includes a control console 501 , a hydraulic system 502 , an infrared camera 503 , a high-speed camera 504 , a first camera mounting bracket 505 and a second camera mounting bracket 506 .

[0047] The control console 501 and the hydraulic system 502 are located on the side of the entire device. The control console 501 controls the first hydraulic cylinder 103 and the second hydraulic cylinder 106 through the hydraulic system 502 to move the rock position, and controls the confining pressure value applied to the rock by the third hydraulic cylinder 202 and the fourth hydraulic cylinder 204.

[0048] In addition, the control console 501 can also control the reduction motor 312 and the automatic release hook 315 to adjust the rising height and release of the counterweight 308 .

[0049] Among them: the infrared camera 503 is fixed on the lateral moving frame 111 through the first camera mounting frame 505. Similarly, the high-speed camera 504 is fixed on the lateral moving frame 111 through the second camera mounting frame 506. The control console 501 collects data such as the temperature, cutting speed, degree of damage, and three-dimensional force of the pick during the process of the pick sample 409 cutting the rock sample 208 through the infrared camera 503, the high-speed camera 504 and the stress sensor 404, so as to facilitate subsequent research.

[0050] Embodiment 2: A rock cutting test method for impacting a pick based on gravitational potential energy comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select the rock sample 208 required for the experiment, install the rock sample 208 on the longitudinal movable frame 108, and make it contact with the transverse fixed plate 201 to facilitate the adjustment of the confining pressure. Use the control console 501 to control the extension and retraction of the first hydraulic cylinder 103 and the second hydraulic cylinder 106 to adjust the position of the rock sample 208. The first hydraulic cylinder 103 adjusts the transverse position of the rock sample 208, and the second hydraulic cylinder 106 adjusts the longitudinal position of the rock sample 208. If there is a requirement to apply confining pressure, use the control console 501 to control the third hydraulic cylinder 202 and the fourth hydraulic cylinder 204 to apply confining pressure to the rock sample 208. The third hydraulic cylinder 202 is responsible for applying transverse pressure, and the fourth hydraulic cylinder 204 is responsible for applying vertical pressure. In this way, the installation of the rock sample 208 and the application of confining pressure are completed.

[0051] Step 2: Use the control console 501 to raise the pick mounting seat 407 to a suitable height (use the control console 501 to control the rotation of the reduction motor 312 of the gravity conversion mechanism, so that the wire drum 313 reels the wire, drives the pressure plate 307 hooked with the automatic release hook 315 to move, so that the pick mounting mechanism connected to the lower part of the storage plate 309 moves upward, and finally the pick mounting seat 407 is raised to a suitable height), and the pick sample 409 used in the experiment is installed on the pick mounting seat 407 through the retaining spring 408, and then the lateral contact angle of the pick sample 409 is controlled by adjusting the installation angle of the longitudinal adjustment frame 403 and tightening the second bolt and nut 402. The longitudinal contact angle of the pick sample 409 is controlled by adjusting the installation angle of the pick mounting seat 407 (adjusting the rotation installation angle of the contact surface between the longitudinal connecting frame 405 and the pick mounting seat 407) and tightening the third bolt and nut 406. In this way, the installation of the pick sample 409 and the adjustment of its impact cutting angle of the rock sample 208 are completed.

[0052] Step 3: Lower the pick sample 409 to a height near the top of the rock sample 208 (use the control console 501 to control the rotation of the reduction motor 312 of the gravity conversion mechanism so that the wire drum 313 releases the wire and lowers the pick sample 409 to a height near the top of the rock sample 208), control the second hydraulic cylinder 106 to operate, move the longitudinal movable frame 108, and adjust the relative distance (cutting depth) between the exposed vertical surface of the rock sample 208 and the pick sample 409, thereby completing the adjustment of the cutting depth of the pick sample 409 for impact cutting the rock.

[0053] Step 4: Select the number of counterweights 308 and the height of the placement plate 309 according to the experimental requirements, stack the counterweights 308 on the placement plate 309, fasten the pressure plate 307, and then tighten the first bolt and nut 304. Then control the reduction motor 312 through the control console 501 to drive the automatic release hook 315 at the end of the wire of the wire reel 313. At this time, the automatic release hook 315 locks the lifting ring 306 and rises to the experimental height.

[0054] Step 5: Initialize the high-speed camera 504, the infrared camera 503 and the stress sensor 404 on the control console 501, and control the weight to rise to the experimental height, the automatic release hook 315 is unlocked, and the pick sample 409 falls along the slide rail 305 with the weight, and its speed is continuously accelerated until it impacts and cuts the rock sample 208 at the set cutting angle and cutting depth. The reaction force generated by the pick sample 409 and the rock sample 208 causes it to gradually decelerate, and the second hydraulic shock absorber 310 plays a buffering and shock-absorbing role for the placement plate 309 that has not completely stopped. After the counterweight block 308 completely falls and stops, the collected relevant data is saved, and thus a pick impact cutting experiment based on gravitational potential energy is completed.

[0055] Step 6: Control the first hydraulic cylinder 103 to push the rock sample 208 to move laterally, with a certain distance (adjacent cutting distance) from the deep groove on the surface of the rock sample 208 produced by the pick sample 409, and then repeat Step 4 and Step 5 to conduct the next pick impact cutting experiment based on gravity potential energy.

Claims

1. A rock cutting test device for impacting picks based on gravitational potential energy, characterized in that: It includes rock adjustment mechanism, rock confining pressure mechanism, gravity conversion mechanism, pick installation mechanism and data acquisition and control mechanism; The rock adjustment mechanism performs horizontal and vertical adjustments on the rock sample (208); The rock confining pressure mechanism applies lateral pressure and vertical pressure to the rock sample (208); The gravity conversion mechanism drives the pick sample (409) on the pick mounting mechanism to complete free fall; The pick sample (409) falls freely and cuts the rock sample (208).

2. The rock cutting test device based on gravitational potential energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rock adjustment mechanism comprises a base (101), a transverse moving frame (111) slidably matched with the base (101) and driven to move transversely by a first hydraulic cylinder (103); a longitudinal moving frame (108) is provided on the transverse moving frame (111), and the longitudinal moving frame (108) is driven to move longitudinally by a second hydraulic cylinder (106).

3. The pick impact rock cutting test device based on gravitational potential energy according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first roller (104) is mounted on the base (101); a first guide rail (105) is fixed on the lower end surface of the corresponding transverse moving frame (111); the first guide rail (105) is placed on the first roller (104); a second guide rail (110) is fixed on the transverse moving frame (111); a second roller (109) is mounted on the lower part of the longitudinal moving frame (108); the second roller (109) and the second guide rail (110) are in rolling cooperation.

4. The rock cutting test device based on gravitational potential energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rock confining pressure mechanism comprises a transverse fixing plate (201) and a fourth mounting plate (205); the lower ends of the transverse fixing plate (201) and the fourth mounting plate (205) are fixed on the transverse moving frame (111), and the upper ends are connected to the third mounting plate (203); a third hydraulic cylinder (202) is mounted on the third mounting plate (203), and the third hydraulic cylinder (202) drives the pressure plate (207) to apply vertical pressure; a fourth hydraulic cylinder (204) is mounted on the fourth mounting plate (205), and the fourth hydraulic cylinder (204) drives the transverse pressure plate (206) to apply transverse pressure.

5. The pick impact rock cutting test device based on gravitational potential energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gravity conversion mechanism comprises a bracket, a storage plate (309) is arranged on the bracket and slides vertically along the bracket; a counterweight block (308) is arranged on the storage plate (309), and the counterweight block (308) is fixed by a pressing plate (307) and a first bolt and nut (304); the top end of the pressing plate (307) is connected to or disconnected from an automatic detaching hook (315), and the automatic detaching hook (315) is connected to a winding device at the upper end of the bracket by a suspension rope.

6. The pick impact rock cutting test device based on gravitational potential energy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bracket comprises a cushion block (311), a cushion plate (301) is fixed above the cushion block (311), the lower end of the slide rail (305) is mounted on the cushion plate (301), the upper end of the slide rail (305) passes through the fixed plate (302) and is connected to the motor mounting plate (314); the lower end of the fixed plate (302) is fixedly connected to the cushion plate (301), and the upper end is mounted with a second hydraulic shock absorber (310).

7. The rock cutting test device based on gravitational potential energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pick mounting mechanism comprises a longitudinal mounting frame (401), wherein the longitudinal mounting frame (401) is mounted on the lower part of the storage plate (309), and screws at both ends of the longitudinal adjustment frame (403) pass through the arc groove of the longitudinal mounting frame (401) and are locked by a second bolt nut (402); one end of the stress sensor (404) is connected to the longitudinal adjustment frame (403), and the other end is connected to the longitudinal connecting frame (405), and a pick mounting seat (407) is mounted on the longitudinal connecting frame (405), and the pick sample (409) is detachably fixed on the pick mounting seat (407).

8. The pick impact rock cutting test device based on gravitational potential energy according to claim 7, characterized in that: An infrared camera (503) and a high-speed camera (504) are installed on the transverse moving frame (111), and the infrared camera (503) and the high-speed camera (504) collect the temperature, cutting speed and degree of damage during the process of the pick sample (409) cutting the rock sample (208).

9. A test method for rock cutting by impact of a pick based on gravitational potential energy, the test method adopting the test device for rock cutting by impact of a pick based on gravitational potential energy as claimed in claim 8 to conduct the test, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select the rock sample (208) required for the experiment, install the rock sample (208) on the longitudinal movable frame (108), and make it contact with the transverse fixed plate (201); the control console (501) controls the extension and retraction of the first hydraulic cylinder (103) and the second hydraulic cylinder (106) to adjust the position of the rock sample (208); the first hydraulic cylinder (103) adjusts the transverse position of the rock sample (208), and the second hydraulic cylinder (106) adjusts the longitudinal position of the rock sample (208); when there is a requirement to apply confining pressure, the control console (501) is used to control the third hydraulic cylinder (202) and the fourth hydraulic cylinder (204) to apply confining pressure to the rock sample (208), the third hydraulic cylinder (202) is responsible for applying transverse pressure, and the fourth hydraulic cylinder (204) is responsible for applying vertical pressure; in this way, the installation of the rock sample (208) and the application of confining pressure are completed; Step 2: Use the control console (501) to raise the pick mounting seat (407) to a suitable height, and mount the pick sample (409) used in the experiment on the pick mounting seat (407) through the retaining ring (408); then adjust the installation angle of the longitudinal adjustment frame (403) and tighten the second bolt and nut (402) to control the lateral contact angle of the pick sample (409); adjust the installation angle of the pick mounting seat (407) and tighten the third bolt and nut (406) to control the longitudinal contact angle of the pick sample (409); thus, the installation of the pick sample (409) and the adjustment of its impact cutting angle of the rock sample (208) are completed; Step 3: lower the pick sample (409) to the top of the rock sample (208) and leave a certain distance therebetween, control the second hydraulic cylinder (106) to operate, move the longitudinal moving frame (108), and adjust the relative distance between the exposed vertical surface of the rock sample (208) and the pick sample (409), thereby completing the adjustment of the cutting depth of the rock impact cutting by the pick sample (409); Step 4: Select the number of counterweights (308) and the height of the placement plate (309) according to the experimental requirements, stack the counterweights (308) on the placement plate (309), fasten the pressure plate (307), and then tighten the first bolt and nut (304). Then, control the reduction motor (312) through the control console (501) to drive the automatic release hook (315) at the end of the wire of the wire drum (313). At this time, the automatic release hook (315) locks the lifting ring (306) and rises to the experimental height; Step 5: Initialize the high-speed camera (504), the infrared camera (503) and the stress sensor (404) on the control console (501), and control the weight to rise to the experimental height, the automatic release hook (315) is unlocked, and the pick sample (409) falls along the slide rail (305) with the weight, and its speed is continuously accelerated until it impacts and cuts the rock sample (208) at the set cutting angle and cutting depth. The reaction force generated by the pick sample (409) and the rock sample (208) causes it to gradually decelerate, and the second hydraulic shock absorber (310) plays a buffering and shock-absorbing role for the placement plate (309) that has not completely stopped. After the counterweight block (308) completely falls and stops, the collected relevant data is saved, and thus a pick impact cutting experiment based on gravitational potential energy is completed; Step 6: Control the first hydraulic cylinder (103) to push the rock sample (208) to move laterally, to a certain distance from the deep groove on the surface of the rock sample (208) caused by the pick sample (409); then repeat Step 4-Step 5 to carry out the next cutting experiment.

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