A method and system for optimizing the scheduling of water storage projects

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and in particular to a method and system for optimizing the scheduling of water storage projects. The method for optimizing the scheduling of water storage projects includes: obtaining the current water storage capacity of the water storage project. Obtaining weather data within the forecast period of the confluence area of ​​the water storage project. Calculating the water storage capacity of the water storage project within the forecast period based on the weather data. Judging whether the current water storage capacity of the water storage project is greater than a preset water storage capacity, whether the water storage capacity within the forecast period of the water storage project is greater than a preset water storage capacity, and judging whether the water storage increment of the i'th time unit of the water storage project is greater than a preset drainage volume, and then judging whether to drain and how to drain. The present invention manages and schedules water storage for water storage projects through this method, which can maximize the retention of existing water storage resources, reduce the burden of rainfall on water storage projects and downstream of water storage projects, and effectively avoid property losses and waste of water resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and in particular to a method and system for optimizing the scheduling of water storage projects. Background Art

[0002] Water storage projects refer to a type of water conservancy project that collects surface water, groundwater or rainwater through the construction of storage facilities such as reservoirs, ponds and pools to provide water for human life, agricultural irrigation, industrial production and other purposes. The purpose of water storage projects is to solve the problem of seasonal and interannual imbalance of water resources and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources. In the construction of water storage projects, the following factors need to be considered: Water source selection: The water source of water storage projects can be natural water sources such as rivers, lakes, and well water, or artificial water sources such as groundwater and recycled water. Choosing a suitable water source is the key to the success of water storage projects. Engineering design: The design of water storage projects should take into account factors such as topography, climate characteristics, hydrogeological conditions, and local socio-economic conditions, and make scientific and reasonable designs. Construction management: The construction process of water storage projects needs to be strictly controlled to ensure construction quality and safety. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and management during the construction process to promptly discover and deal with possible problems. Operation and maintenance: After the completion of the water storage project, regular operation and maintenance are required to ensure the normal operation of the project and extend the service life of the project. In general, water storage projects are an important means of allocating water resources, which can effectively alleviate the problem of water shortage and provide reliable water supply guarantee for the development of human society.

[0003] Water resource scheduling of water storage projects refers to the process of opening, stopping, adjusting and replenishing water storage projects in a planned manner according to climate change, changes in water demand, etc., in order to achieve the optimal configuration and efficient use of water resources. It is a dynamic and real-time process that needs to be flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions. In the process of water resource scheduling, the following strategies and methods are usually adopted: 1. Prediction model method: Through historical data analysis, prediction models of various hydrological and meteorological models are established to predict water resources in the future so as to take corresponding scheduling measures in advance. 2. Real-time monitoring method: Using various sensor equipment, real-time monitoring and collection of hydrological and meteorological information, and then comparing real-time data with historical databases, abnormal situations are found, and scheduling measures are taken in time. 3. Optimization algorithm: Through mathematical modeling, various constraints (such as water level, flow, water quality, etc.) are converted into objective functions, and then various optimization algorithms (such as linear programming, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm, etc.) are used to find the optimal solution. 4. Manual intervention method: In some cases, manual decision-making and operation may be required, such as observing water conditions, rainfall conditions and other information to determine whether it is necessary to open the gate to release water, start the pumping station, etc. 5. Multi-level scheduling method: The water storage project is divided into different levels, and different scheduling rules are formulated according to the water storage capacity and water quality requirements of different levels to achieve hierarchical and graded scheduling. In general, water resource scheduling of water storage projects is a complex process that requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors and the use of scientific scheduling methods to achieve the rational allocation and efficient use of water resources.

[0004] The existing water storage project scheduling method is mainly a manual intervention method, which is mainly based on manual experience, has strong subjective factors and large errors. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a water storage project optimization scheduling method, which is used to manage and schedule water storage projects such as natural reservoirs and ponds, so as to rationally utilize surface water. The water storage project optimization scheduling method may include the following steps:

[0006] S1. Obtain the current water storage capacity V0 of the water storage project. The water storage project may be a reservoir, a pond, etc., and the water stored therein may be surface water mainly composed of rainwater. The storage capacity of surface water also mainly depends on the amount of rainwater.

[0007] S2. Obtain weather data for the predicted period of the water storage project confluence area, and calculate the water storage capacity V of the water storage project during the predicted period based on the weather data. i, where i is the number of the time unit in the prediction period. The prediction period is the length of time we can obtain future weather. In general, the prediction period depends on the length of the weather forecast. In theory, the longer the prediction period, the more beneficial it is for management. However, due to the accuracy of the weather forecast, the longer the prediction period, the more inaccurate the data will be, which will cause inaccurate weather data. The shorter the prediction period, the easier the prediction will be and the more accurate the weather data will be. However, if the prediction period is too short, the water storage management scheduling time will be short. The prediction period is generally 5-15 days, which can also meet the needs of water storage management and allow enough time for scheduling.

[0008] S3, determine whether the current water storage capacity V0 of the water storage project is greater than a preset water storage capacity V m If yes, execute S8, if no, execute S4. If the current water storage capacity V0 of the water storage project is greater than or equal to the preset water storage capacity V m , then the water storage limit or dangerous value may be reached, and drainage is required.

[0009] S4. Determine the water storage capacity V within the predicted period of the water storage project i Is it greater than a preset water storage volume V? m If yes, execute S5, if no, execute S6. The preset water storage volume V m It can be the effective water storage upper limit of the water storage project, or it can be the red warning line of the water storage project. When the water storage volume reaches or approaches this value, the stability or flood discharge capacity of the water storage project will be at certain risk.

[0010] S5, then mark this time unit as i', and then determine the water storage increment ΔV of the i'th time unit of the water storage project i’+k Is it greater than a preset displacement ΔV? m If yes, execute S7, if no, execute S6.

[0011] S6, no drainage. Because we have obtained the water storage capacity V in the predicted period of the water storage project i It is a quick calculation value, which represents something that will happen in the future. Since the maximum capacity will not be reached within the forecast period, we will not drain the water. This will ensure that the water storage project effectively retains the existing water storage capacity, facilitates the rational use of water resources, and ensures sufficient time for management and scheduling within the forecast period to ensure the safety of water storage.

[0012] S7, determine whether i' is less than a preset standard time limit T 标If yes, execute S8, if no, execute S6. The water storage capacity prediction of the water storage project is based on weather data. The acquisition of weather data depends on weather forecasts. The accuracy of weather forecasts changes with time. The longer the time, the lower the accuracy of weather forecasts, and the shorter the time, the higher the accuracy. When we obtain that the water storage capacity reaches the preset water storage capacity V m When the time unit number i' is too large, the data needs to be referenced. We can prepare for drainage, but it is not necessary to drain the water in time. We can correct the data and wait for the data processing results.

[0013] S8. Drain water, and the drainage volume can make the water storage capacity of the water storage project the current water storage capacity or an optimal water storage capacity. The details are not repeated here. By managing and scheduling the water storage of the water storage project through this method, the existing water storage resources can be retained to the maximum extent. At the same time, the water storage can be predicted, and the water storage can be scheduled and intervened according to the weather conditions, so as to cope with the storage and use of water resources in the future. It can also reduce the burden of rainfall on the water storage project and the downstream of the water storage project, and can effectively avoid property losses and waste of water resources.

[0014] Preferred: The method for obtaining the water storage capacity may include the following methods: 1. Laser sensor combined with camera method. 2. Sonar sensor measurement method: Use sonar sensor to measure the depth of water and compare it with the water depth of the benchmark. Correct the measured data according to the library construction data to obtain the surface area, water depth and bottom area, so as to calculate the volume of water. 3. Pressure sensor measurement method: Use pressure sensor to measure the pressure of the reservoir on the bottom and side of the reservoir. Through these pressure data, the dynamic changes of the water storage capacity can be reflected.

[0015] Preferred: laser sensor combined with camera method: depth area curve method and water storage and discharge method.

[0016] Preferably: the depth area curve method may specifically include: using a laser sensor to measure the surface area s of the water surface at different water storage depths h, and then constructing a plane coordinate system, the horizontal coordinate of the plane coordinate system is the water storage depth h, and the vertical coordinate is the upper surface area s of the water surface, and then the detected upper surface area data is correspondingly implanted into the coordinate system, and then connected in sequence, so that the depth area curve can be obtained, and then the integral is calculated. , where H is the current water storage depth. This method can be used to obtain the water storage capacity corresponding to different water storage depths. As long as the current water storage depth is detected, the data can be obtained simply and the calculation is accurate.

[0017] Preferably: the water storage and discharge method includes: draining the water in the water storage project, draining the water storage at the water storage depth h1, detecting and obtaining the discharged water volume Δv, and the water storage depth h2 after flood discharge, generally Δh=h1-h2 is not greater than 10 cm, and then taking the discharge volume corresponding to h=(h1+h2) / 2 as Δv, and obtaining the discharge volume Δv corresponding to each water storage depth in this way, and then arranging them continuously from small to large according to the water storage depth, and numbering them, the current water storage volume , where n is the serial number of the water storage depth, N is the current water storage depth number, n=1, 2, ..., N; Δv n It is the drainage value corresponding to the water storage depth with serial number n, v0 is the water storage value corresponding to the minimum water storage depth. If this part of water is never discharged, then this value can be ignored or defined as 0.

[0018] Preferably: the confluence area of ​​the water storage project is not the area where the water storage project is located. If the water source of the water storage project is surface water, the source of surface water is mostly rainwater, but rainwater is not only the water in the area where the water storage project is located that can be collected into the water storage project. Rainwater will be absorbed by the land, then gathered into streams, then flow into small rivers, and finally gathered into the water storage project. The confluence area of ​​the water storage project is the land area that can be collected into the watershed of the water storage project. Generally, the confluence area of ​​each water storage project can be obtained by collecting the rivers flowing into the water storage project, and then searching through the rivers to obtain its various tributaries, and then decomposing them layer by layer, and finally obtaining the confluence area of ​​each terminal tributary. The terminal tributary cannot be further decomposed to obtain tributaries, or the tributary can directly obtain its confluence area, and then the coverage area of ​​each terminal tributary is collected to obtain the confluence area of ​​the entire water storage project. The terminal tributaries and their confluence areas can be surveyed and counted in advance in the area surrounding the water storage project, and the terminal tributaries and their coverage areas of the confluence area can be obtained for the data of each terminal tributary and its confluence area, and then the confluence area of ​​the water storage project can be obtained by searching the statistical terminal tributaries.

[0019] Preferably, weather data may include surface temperature and rainfall, etc. The values ​​of surface temperature and rainfall can be obtained by searching the weather weekly report of the local meteorological bureau, etc.

[0020] Preferred: Water storage capacity V of the water storage project i The method of obtaining can be calculated based on weather data. Specifically, it can include: constructing a water storage change Δv-surface temperature change curve, and then calculating the water storage capacity of the water storage project , where i is the number of the time unit in the forecast period, V i is the water storage capacity of the water storage project in the i-th time unit during the forecast period. iis the derivative of the water storage change Δv-surface temperature change curve corresponding to the same or closest surface temperature in the i-th time unit during the forecast period, h0 is the rainfall at the location of the water storage project in the i-th time unit during the forecast period. We assume that there is no difference in rainfall in the area where the water storage project is located, S0 is the upper surface of the water storage project. j is the number of the terminal tributary in the catchment area of ​​the water storage project, S j is the coverage area corresponding to the terminal tributary of the water storage project numbered j, h j is the rainfall corresponding to the terminal tributary of the water storage project numbered j, J is the total number of terminal tributaries in the catchment area of ​​the water storage project, j = 1, 2, ..., J; ε j It is the soil moisture saturation coefficient of the land within the area covered by the terminal tributaries in the catchment area of ​​the water storage project numbered j. Its value can be determined based on soil testing. The value is generally between 0.3 and 1. The specific details will not be elaborated here.

[0021] Preferably: the method for constructing a water storage change Δv-surface temperature change curve may include: statistically obtaining the surface temperature and water storage change Δv' of a time unit within a preset historical time period. The historical time period can be determined according to time changes. The longer the time, the more stable the calculated value. However, for time periods with faster weather changes, the length of the historical time period can be shortened. Generally, it is 5-7 days, and it is a time period that has just passed. The details are not repeated here. Then a plane coordinate system is established, the horizontal coordinate of the plane coordinate system is the surface temperature within a time unit, and the vertical coordinate is the water storage change within a time unit. Then the water storage change is implanted into the coordinate system according to the surface temperature, and then the points in the coordinate system are connected in sequence to obtain the water storage change Δv-surface temperature change curve.

[0022] Preferably: the time unit is a basic unit for evaluating the historical time period, which can be one week, two days, one day or one hour, with one day being preferred. The surface temperature is the average surface temperature within a time unit, which can be obtained through the local weather weekly report, and the details are not repeated here.

[0023] Optimum: water storage increment ΔV i’+k =V i’+k -V i’+k-1 , where i' is the water storage capacity reaching the preset water storage capacity V m The time unit number, k is a natural number, I is the total number of time periods in the forecast period, and k+i'≤I, which is generally set to 1-2. m It can be determined according to the discharge volume of the water storage project. Generally, a water storage project has a drainage gate. When the gate is opened, the water in the water storage project is discharged through the gate, so that the water can be used or discharged. The discharge volume ΔV mIt is the effective discharge of water per time unit of a water storage project without causing losses.

[0024] Preferred: Standard time limit , where T0 is the duration of a time unit, usually 1 day, is an adjustment coefficient, which can generally be 1-3 and can be obtained through experience.

[0025] The present invention also provides a water storage project optimization scheduling system, comprising:

[0026] The water storage detection unit is used to detect the water body in the water storage project and obtain the current water storage volume V0 of the water storage project.

[0027] The weather forecast acquisition unit is used to obtain weather data within the forecast period of the catchment area of ​​the water storage project.

[0028] The prediction unit is used to calculate the water storage capacity V of the water storage project within the prediction period based on weather data i .

[0029] The judgment analysis module is used to judge whether the current water storage capacity V0 of the water storage project is greater than a preset water storage capacity V m If yes, drain the water storage project; if no, determine the water storage capacity V in the predicted period of the water storage project. i Is it greater than a preset water storage volume V? m If no, no drainage is performed. If yes, this time unit is marked as i', and then the water storage increment ΔV of the i'th time unit of the water storage project is determined. i’+k Is it greater than a preset displacement ΔV? m If no, do not drain, if yes, then determine whether i' is less than a preset standard time limit T 标 , if yes, drain, if no, do not drain.

[0030] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention are as follows: the present invention manages and dispatches water storage in water storage projects through this method, which can retain the existing water storage resources to the maximum extent, and can also predict water storage, and can intervene in water storage scheduling according to weather conditions, so as to cope with the storage and use of water resources in the future, and can also reduce the burden of rainfall on water storage projects and downstream of water storage projects, which can effectively avoid property losses and waste of water resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for optimizing the scheduling of water storage projects proposed in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic flow chart of the depth-area curve method in the water storage project optimization scheduling method proposed in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 The present invention provides a schematic flow chart of a water storage and water discharge method in a water storage project optimization scheduling method proposed in the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic flow chart of a method for obtaining a confluence area of ​​a water storage project in a method for optimizing scheduling of a water storage project proposed in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of a water storage project optimization scheduling system proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present disclosure, and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present disclosure include all changes, modifications, and equivalents that fall within the spirit and connotation of the appended claims.

[0037] Example 1 Reference Figure 1 In this embodiment, a water storage project optimization scheduling method is proposed, which is used to manage and schedule water storage projects such as natural reservoirs and ponds, so as to rationally utilize surface water. The water storage project optimization scheduling method may include the following steps:

[0038] S1. Obtain the current water storage capacity V0 of the water storage project. The water storage project can be a reservoir, pond, etc., and the water stored in it can be surface water mainly composed of rainwater. The storage capacity of surface water also depends mainly on the amount of rainwater. Each water storage project has a detectable water storage capacity. There are many ways to detect the water storage capacity, including the following methods: 1. Laser sensor combined with camera method: refer to Figure 2 , 1.1, Depth-area curve method, use a laser sensor to measure the upper surface area of ​​the reservoir, and start the camera to take pictures. Then, use a sonar sensor to measure the depth of the water and compare it with the water depth of the benchmark. Correct the measured data according to the database construction data to obtain the surface area, water depth and bottom area, and then calculate the volume of the water. Since the edge of the reservoir is not a regular shape and cannot be calculated directly, this method can be used to calculate the water storage capacity at different water storage depths. This method can specifically include: using a laser sensor to measure the upper surface area s of the water surface at different water storage depths h, and then constructing a plane coordinate system, the horizontal coordinate of the plane coordinate system is the water storage depth h, and the vertical coordinate is the upper surface area s of the water surface, and then the detected upper surface area data is implanted into the coordinate system accordingly, and then connected in sequence, so that the depth area curve can be obtained, and then the integration is performed , where H is the current water storage depth. This method can be used to obtain the water storage capacity corresponding to different water storage depths. As long as the current water storage depth is detected, the data can be obtained simply and the calculation is accurate. Figure 3 ,2.2, water storage and discharge method: by draining the water in the water storage project, drain the water storage with a water storage depth of h1, detect and obtain the discharged water volume Δv, and the water storage depth h2 after flood discharge. Generally, Δh=h1-h2 is not greater than 10 cm, and then the discharge volume corresponding to h=(h1+h2) / 2 is Δv. According to this method, the discharge volume Δv corresponding to each water storage depth is obtained, and then it is continuously arranged from small to large according to the water storage depth, and numbered. The current water storage volume , where n is the serial number of the water storage depth, N is the current water storage depth number, n=1, 2, ..., N; Δv n It is the drainage value corresponding to the water storage depth with serial number n, and v0 is the water storage value corresponding to the minimum water storage depth. If this part of water is never discharged, then this value can be ignored or defined as 0. No specific calculation is done here. 2. Sonar sensor measurement method: Use a sonar sensor to measure the depth of water and compare it with the water depth of the benchmark. Correct the measured data according to the library construction data to obtain the surface area, water depth and bottom area, and then calculate the volume of water. 3. Pressure sensor measurement method: Use a pressure sensor to measure the pressure of the reservoir on the bottom and side of the reservoir. These pressure data can reflect the dynamic changes in the water storage capacity.

[0039] S2. Obtain weather data for the predicted period of the water storage project confluence area, and calculate the water storage capacity V of the water storage project during the predicted period based on the weather data. i , where i is the number of the time unit in the prediction period. The prediction period is the length of time we can obtain future weather. In general, the prediction period depends on the length of the weather forecast. In theory, the longer the prediction period, the more beneficial it is for management. However, due to the accuracy of the weather forecast, the longer the prediction period, the more inaccurate the data will be, which will cause inaccurate weather data. The shorter the prediction period, the easier the prediction will be and the more accurate the weather data will be. However, if the prediction period is too short, the water storage management scheduling time will be short. The prediction period is generally 5-15 days, which can also meet the needs of water storage management and allow enough time for scheduling. Reference Figure 5The confluence area of ​​the water storage project is not the area where the water storage project is located. If the water source of the water storage project is surface water, the source of surface water is mostly rainwater, but rainwater is not only the water in the area where the water storage project is located that can be collected into the water storage project. Rainwater will be absorbed by the land, then gathered into streams, then flow into small rivers, and finally gathered into the water storage project. The confluence area of ​​the water storage project is the land area that can be collected into the watershed of the water storage project. Under normal circumstances, the confluence area of ​​each water storage project can be obtained by collecting the rivers that flow into the water storage project, and then searching through the rivers to obtain its various tributaries, and then decomposing them layer by layer, and finally obtaining the confluence area of ​​each terminal tributary. The terminal tributary cannot be further decomposed to obtain tributaries, or the tributary can directly obtain its confluence area, and then the coverage area of ​​each terminal tributary can be collected to obtain the confluence area of ​​the entire water storage project. The terminal tributaries and their confluence areas can be surveyed and counted in advance in the area around the water storage project, and the terminal tributaries and their confluence area data can be obtained for each terminal tributary and its confluence area, and then the confluence area of ​​the water storage project can be obtained by searching the statistical terminal tributaries. The specific implementation process is not repeated here. Weather data may include surface temperature and rainfall, etc. The surface temperature and rainfall values ​​can be obtained by searching the local meteorological bureau's weather weekly report, etc., and the specific details are not repeated here. The water storage capacity V of the water storage project i The method for obtaining the water storage change Δv-surface temperature change curve can be calculated based on weather data. Specifically, it may include: constructing a water storage change Δv-surface temperature change curve. The method for constructing the water storage change Δv-surface temperature change curve needs to exclude rainy weather conditions or other interference factors, such as tributary water release and other factors, which will not be described in detail here. The method for constructing the water storage change Δv-surface temperature change curve may include: statistically obtaining the surface temperature and water storage change Δv' of a time unit within a preset historical time period. The historical time period may be determined according to time changes. The longer the time, the more stable the calculated value. However, for time periods with faster weather changes, the length of the historical time period can be shortened. Generally, it is 5-7 days, and it is a time period that has just passed. The specific details will not be described here. The time unit is a basic unit for evaluating the historical time period, which can be one week, two days, 1 day or 1 hour, among which 1 day is preferred. The surface temperature is the average surface temperature within a time unit, which can be obtained through the local weather weekly report, and will not be described in detail here. Then, a plane coordinate system is established, the horizontal coordinate of which is the surface temperature within a time unit, and the vertical coordinate is the water storage change within a time unit. Then, the water storage change is implanted into the coordinate system according to the surface temperature, and then each point in the coordinate system is connected in sequence to obtain the water storage change Δv-surface temperature change curve. Then, the water storage capacity of the water storage project is calculated. , where i is the number of the time unit in the forecast period, Vi is the water storage capacity of the water storage project in the i-th time unit during the forecast period. i is the derivative of the water storage change Δv-surface temperature change curve corresponding to the same or closest surface temperature in the i-th time unit during the forecast period, h0 is the rainfall at the location of the water storage project in the i-th time unit during the forecast period. We assume that there is no difference in rainfall in the area where the water storage project is located, S0 is the upper surface of the water storage project. j is the number of the terminal tributary in the catchment area of ​​the water storage project, S j is the coverage area corresponding to the terminal tributary of the water storage project numbered j, h j is the rainfall corresponding to the terminal tributary of the water storage project numbered j, J is the total number of terminal tributaries in the catchment area of ​​the water storage project, j = 1, 2, ..., J; ε j It is the soil moisture saturation coefficient of the land within the area covered by the terminal tributaries in the confluence area of ​​the water storage project numbered j. Its value can be determined based on soil testing. The value is generally between 0.3 and 1. The specific details are not described here. For example, a pool with a small area and an upper surface area of ​​1000m 2 , the current water storage capacity is 1000m 3 , the water storage capacity the day before was 1050m 3 We predict the water storage capacity in the next two days. By surveying the surrounding environment of the pool, we find that the confluence area of ​​its surface water source is 500m 2 According to the weather forecast, the surface temperature for the next two days will be 40℃ and 20℃, the rainfall will be 0 and 50mm, and the soil moisture saturation coefficient will be 0.8. We calculated the derivatives of the pre-prepared water storage change Δv-surface temperature change curve corresponding to 40℃ and 20℃, which are -1 and -0.5 respectively. Then we calculated V1=1000-50=950m 3 , V2=950-25+1000×0.05+500×0.05×0.8=990m 3 . Of course, this is just a simple example and is not necessarily universal. Other numerical settings will not be elaborated here. This method can take into account the surrounding conditions of the water storage project, the evaporation of the water storage area, and the rainfall. The rainfall will be calculated based on the surrounding geographical conditions and soil moisture conditions. The evaluation factors are wide and the calculation is accurate, and the data is easy to obtain. And when calculating the temperature effect, the changes in temperature and evaporation within a small range of time can be used as the basis, the calculation deviation is small, and other interference conditions can be excluded.

[0040] S3, determine whether the current water storage capacity V0 of the water storage project is greater than a preset water storage capacity V m If yes, execute S8, if no, execute S4. If the current water storage capacity V0 of the water storage project is greater than or equal to the preset water storage capacity V m, then the water storage limit or dangerous value may be reached, and drainage is required.

[0041] S4. Determine the water storage capacity V within the predicted period of the water storage project i Is it greater than a preset water storage volume V? m If yes, execute S5, if no, execute S6. The preset water storage volume V m It can be the effective upper limit of water storage for water storage projects, which can be the red warning line of water storage projects. When the water storage reaches or approaches this value, the stability or flood discharge capacity of the water storage project will be at risk. Of course, the preset water storage capacity V m It can be a fixed value or a variable value. When it is a fixed value, its value can be 0.8-0.95 times the maximum water storage capacity of the water storage project. A warning can be made by calibrating the red line. When it is a variable value, it can be set according to the water use situation. Generally, in the dry season or the high water use period, such as when the surrounding crops need a lot of irrigation water, the area has been in a drought period, etc., the preset water storage capacity V m The value can be set larger, but the preset water storage capacity V m The value needs to be set smaller to avoid excessive water storage causing structural danger to the water storage project or drainage difficulties.

[0042] S5, then mark this time unit as i', and then determine the water storage increment ΔV of the i'th time unit of the water storage project i’+k Is it greater than a preset displacement ΔV? m If yes, execute S7, if no, execute S6, water storage increment ΔV i’+k =V i’+k -V i’+k-1 , where i' is the water storage capacity reaching the preset water storage capacity V m The time unit number, k is a natural number, I is the total number of time periods in the forecast period, and k+i'≤I, which is generally set to 1-2. m It can be determined according to the discharge volume of the water storage project. Generally, a water storage project has a drainage gate. When the gate is opened, the water in the water storage project is discharged through the gate, so that the water can be used or discharged. The discharge volume ΔV m It is the effective discharge volume of a time unit of the water storage project without causing losses. It can be the maximum discharge volume or 0.9 times of the maximum discharge volume. It is designed based on the predicted error and the details are not elaborated here.

[0043] S6, no drainage. Because we have obtained the water storage capacity V in the predicted period of the water storage project iIt is a quick calculation value, which represents something that will happen in the future. Since the maximum capacity will not be reached within the forecast period, we will not drain the water. This will ensure that the water storage project effectively retains the existing water storage capacity, facilitates the rational use of water resources, and ensures sufficient time for management and scheduling within the forecast period to ensure the safety of water storage.

[0044] S7, determine whether i' is less than a preset standard time limit T 标 If yes, execute S8, if no, execute S6. The water storage capacity prediction of the water storage project is based on weather data. The acquisition of weather data depends on weather forecasts. The accuracy of weather forecasts changes with time. The longer the time, the lower the accuracy of weather forecasts, and the shorter the time, the higher the accuracy. When we obtain that the water storage capacity reaches the preset water storage capacity V m If the time unit number i' is too large, then this data is for reference. We can prepare for drainage, but it is not necessary to drain water in time. We can correct the data and wait for the data processing results. For example, we calculate that the water storage capacity will reach the preset water storage capacity V in 5 days. m However, the weather data after 5 days is not accurate. We need to wait for the latest weather data to make corrections. There is no need to drain water for the time being, because 5 days is enough time to drain water and reduce the water storage capacity. 标 It can be a fixed value or set based on experience. For example, the standard time limit for flood season is T 标 The value of needs to be set larger, and it needs to be set smaller during drought or water use period. The details are not described here. Of course, it can also be obtained through calculation, specifically, the standard time limit , where T0 is the duration of a time unit, usually 1 day, is the adjustment coefficient, which can generally be 1-3 and can be obtained through experience. Of course, other values ​​may be set. i’+k 200m 3 , displacement ΔV m 100m 3 , adjustment coefficient The value is 2, and the standard time limit T is obtained by calculation 标 =2×2=4 days. If i' is 5 at this time, then there is no need to drain water. Of course, this is just a simple example and is not universal. Other values ​​are not described here.

[0045] S8. Drain water, and the drainage volume can make the water storage capacity of the water storage project the current water storage capacity or an optimal water storage capacity. The details are not repeated here. By managing and scheduling the water storage of the water storage project through this method, the existing water storage resources can be retained to the maximum extent. At the same time, the water storage can be predicted, and the water storage can be scheduled and intervened according to the weather conditions, so as to cope with the storage and use of water resources in the future. It can also reduce the burden of rainfall on the water storage project and the downstream of the water storage project, and can effectively avoid property losses and waste of water resources.

[0046] Example 2 Reference Figure 5 , a water storage project optimization scheduling system, comprising:

[0047] The water storage detection unit is used to detect the water body in the water storage project and obtain the current water storage volume V0 of the water storage project.

[0048] The weather forecast acquisition unit is used to obtain weather data within the forecast period of the catchment area of ​​the water storage project.

[0049] The prediction unit is used to calculate the water storage capacity V of the water storage project within the prediction period based on weather data i .

[0050] The judgment analysis module is used to judge whether the current water storage capacity V0 of the water storage project is greater than a preset water storage capacity V m If yes, drain the water storage project; if no, determine the water storage capacity V in the predicted period of the water storage project. i Is it greater than a preset water storage volume V? m If no, no drainage is performed. If yes, this time unit is marked as i', and then the water storage increment ΔV of the i'th time unit of the water storage project is determined. i’+k Is it greater than a preset displacement ΔV? m If no, do not drain, if yes, then determine whether i' is less than a preset standard time limit T 标 , if yes, drain, if no, do not drain.

[0051] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add or delete steps. For example, the steps recorded in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially or in different orders, as long as the desired results of the technical solutions disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and this document does not limit this.

[0052] The above specific implementations do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present disclosure. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the scheduling of a water storage project, characterized in that: The water storage project optimization scheduling method comprises the following steps: S1. Obtain the current water storage capacity V0 of the water storage project; S2. Obtain weather data for the predicted period of the water storage project confluence area, and calculate the water storage capacity V of the water storage project during the predicted period based on the weather data. i , where i is the number of the time unit in the forecast period; Water storage capacity of water storage project V i The method for obtaining the water storage capacity of the water storage project includes: constructing a water storage change Δv-surface temperature change curve, and then calculating the water storage capacity of the water storage project , V i is the water storage capacity of the water storage project in the i-th time unit during the forecast period; i is the water storage change Δv corresponding to the same or closest surface temperature of the i-th time unit in the forecast period - the derivative of the surface temperature change curve; h0 is the rainfall at the location of the water storage project in the i-th time unit in the forecast period; S0 is the upper surface of the water storage project; j is the number of the terminal tributary in the confluence area of ​​the water storage project, S j is the coverage area corresponding to the terminal tributary of the water storage project numbered j, h j is the rainfall corresponding to the terminal tributary of the water storage project numbered j, J is the total number of terminal tributaries in the catchment area of ​​the water storage project, j = 1, 2, ..., J; ε j is the soil moisture saturation coefficient of the land within the area covered by the terminal tributaries in the catchment area of ​​the water storage project numbered j; S3, determine whether the current water storage capacity V0 of the water storage project is greater than a preset water storage capacity V m ; If yes, execute S8, if no, execute S4; S4. Determine the water storage capacity V within the predicted period of the water storage project i Is it greater than a preset water storage volume V? m ; If yes, execute S5, if no, execute S6; S5, mark this time unit as i', and then determine the water storage increment ΔV of the i'th time unit of the water storage project i’+k Is it greater than a preset displacement ΔV? m If yes, execute S7, if no, execute S6; water storage increment ΔV i’+k =V i’+k -V i’+k-1 , where i' is the water storage capacity reaching the preset water storage capacity V m The time unit number, k is a natural number, I is the total number of time periods in the forecast period, and k+i'≤I; the discharge volume ΔV m Depends on the discharge of the water storage project; discharge ΔV m The effective discharge of water for a unit of time from a water storage project without causing losses; S6, no drainage; S7, determine whether i' is less than a preset standard time limit T 标 If yes, execute S8, if no, execute S6; standard time limit , where T0 is the duration of a time unit and ƞ is the adjustment coefficient; S8. Drain the water.

2. A method for optimizing the scheduling of a water storage project according to claim 1, characterized in that: The methods for obtaining water storage capacity include the following:

1. Laser sensor combined with camera method; 2. Sonar sensor measurement method; 3. Pressure sensor measurement method.

3. A method for optimizing the scheduling of a water storage project according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser sensor combined with the camera method is the depth-area curve method. The depth-area curve method specifically includes: using a laser sensor to measure the surface area s of the water surface at different water storage depths h, constructing a plane coordinate system, the horizontal coordinate of the plane coordinate system is the water storage depth h, and the vertical coordinate is the upper surface area s of the water surface, and then the detected upper surface area data is correspondingly implanted into the coordinate system, and then connected in sequence, so that the depth-area curve can be obtained, and then the integral is calculated. , where H is the current water storage depth.

4. A method for optimizing the scheduling of a water storage project according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser sensor combined with the camera method is a water storage and discharge method. The water storage and discharge method includes: draining the water in the water storage project, draining the water at the water storage depth h1, detecting the discharged water volume Δv, and the water storage depth h2 after flood discharge, and then taking the discharge volume corresponding to h=(h1+h2) / 2 as Δv, according to this method, the discharge volume Δv corresponding to each water storage depth is obtained, and then the water storage depths are arranged continuously from small to large, and numbered. The current water storage volume , where n is the serial number of the water storage depth, N is the current water storage depth number, n=1, 2, ..., N; Δv n It is the discharge value corresponding to the water storage depth with serial number n, and v0 is the water storage value corresponding to the minimum water storage depth.

5. The method for optimizing the scheduling of a water storage project according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the confluence area of ​​a water storage project includes: searching the water storage project to obtain its various tributaries, then decomposing them layer by layer, and finally obtaining each terminal tributary and the confluence area, and then converging the coverage areas of each terminal tributary to obtain the confluence area of ​​the entire water storage project.

6. A method for optimizing the scheduling of a water storage project according to claim 1, characterized in that: Weather data includes surface temperature and rainfall.

7. A method for optimizing the scheduling of a water storage project according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time unit is 1 day.

8. A water storage project optimization scheduling system, characterized in that: include: A water storage detection unit, which is used to detect the water body in the water storage project and obtain the current water storage volume V0 of the water storage project; A weather forecast acquisition unit, which is used to acquire weather data within the forecast period of the catchment area of ​​the water storage project; The prediction unit is used to calculate the water storage capacity V of the water storage project within the prediction period according to the weather data. i ; Water storage capacity of the water storage project V i The method for obtaining the water storage capacity of the water storage project includes: constructing a water storage change Δv-surface temperature change curve, and then calculating the water storage capacity of the water storage project , V i is the water storage capacity of the water storage project in the i-th time unit during the forecast period; i is the water storage change Δv corresponding to the same or closest surface temperature of the i-th time unit in the forecast period - the derivative of the surface temperature change curve; h0 is the rainfall at the location of the water storage project in the i-th time unit in the forecast period; S0 is the upper surface of the water storage project; j is the number of the terminal tributary in the confluence area of ​​the water storage project, S j is the coverage area corresponding to the terminal tributary of the water storage project numbered j, h j is the rainfall corresponding to the terminal tributary of the water storage project numbered j, J is the total number of terminal tributaries in the catchment area of ​​the water storage project, j = 1, 2, ..., J; ε j is the soil moisture saturation coefficient of the land within the area covered by the terminal tributaries in the catchment area of ​​the water storage project numbered j; The judgment analysis module is used to judge whether the current water storage capacity V0 of the water storage project is greater than a preset water storage capacity V m If yes, drain the water storage project; if no, determine the water storage capacity V in the predicted period of the water storage project i Is it greater than a preset water storage volume V? m If no, no drainage is performed. If yes, this time unit is marked as i', and then the water storage increment ΔV of the i'th time unit of the water storage project is determined. i’+k Is it greater than a preset displacement ΔV? m If no, do not drain, if yes, then determine whether i' is less than a preset standard time limit T 标 If yes, drain the water, if no, do not drain the water; water storage increment ΔV i’+k =V i’+k -V i’+k-1 , where i' is the water storage capacity reaching the preset water storage capacity V m The time unit number, k is a natural number, I is the total number of time periods in the forecast period, and k+i'≤I; the discharge volume ΔV m Depends on the discharge of the water storage project; discharge ΔV m The effective discharge of water in a time unit of a water storage project without causing losses; standard time limit , where T0 is the duration of a time unit and ƞ is the adjustment coefficient.

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