High-simulation full-automatic pericardium puncture surgery skill training and examining equipment under ultrasonic guidance

Abstract

A high-simulation full-automatic pericardium puncture surgery skill training and examining device under ultrasonic guidance comprises a high-simulation human body model, a simulation hydropericardium bag, a simulation heart, a microcomputer controller, a high-simulation cardiac pulsation device and an automatic hydropericardium supplementing device. The simulated human body model is characterized in that the simulated skin, the simulated hydropericardium sac and the simulated heart in the precardiac area of the simulated human body model are molded and manufactured by adopting organic material molds which are equal in density and accord with acoustic characteristic impedance in acoustic parameters of a human body, high-simulation heart rhythmic pulsation is automatically generated, hydropericardium is automatically supplemented, and the human body is simulated. When a real diasonograph is used for scanning, rhythmic pulsation of the simulated heart, color Doppler blood flow display and a liquid dark area of hydropericardium can be displayed on a display screen. Pericardial effusion puncture is carried out under ultrasonic guidance, the puncture position and the puncture direction can be accurately determined, the device is used for training and examining pericardial puncture skills of medical staff under ultrasonic guidance in colleges and hospitals, and the training and examining effects of the pericardial puncture skills are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical education equipment, and more specifically to a highly simulated fully automatic ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis skill training and assessment device. Background Art

[0002] In clinical medical work, pericardiocentesis is an important method for diagnosing and rescuing critically ill patients with pericardial effusion. The traditional skill training method is that experienced professional technicians "teach, help and guide" novices in the process of rescuing patients. This operation is an invasive operation with great surgical risks. In recent years, due to the enhancement of people's legal awareness and self-protection concepts, novices are unwilling to operate. Novices' unskilled operation can easily cause pain to patients, and cardiac arrest or even death of patients may occur. Serious medical accidents. For this reason, some people have developed a pericardiocentesis training model utility model patent CN201120550420.9, a pericardiocentesis training model; utility model patent CN201820708307.0, a pericardiocentesis training model with convenient sac clamping; utility model patent CN202122190411.X; however, these patents are invisible to the naked eye during puncture training, the puncture positioning is inaccurate, and the puncture direction will also deviate, which affects the effect of pericardiocentesis surgical skill training. A practice model for ultrasound-guided pericardial puncture, utility model patent CN202021210466.1, although it can be ultrasound-guided, it is not a highly realistic human body model, and the heart beat cannot be seen under ultrasound, which is quite different from the ultrasound image of a real patient. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a highly realistic fully automatic ultrasound-guided pericardial puncture surgical skill training and assessment device, which has a heart beat sonogram and ultrasound Doppler blood flow display on the ultrasound display screen, and can perform pericardial puncture skill training and assessment under ultrasound guidance. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a highly simulated fully automatic ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis skill training and assessment device, which is used in medical schools and hospitals to conduct ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis skill training and assessment for medical students and medical staff. When a real ultrasound diagnostic instrument is used for scanning, the rhythmic pulsation of the simulated heart, the color Doppler blood flow image and the liquid dark area of ​​the pericardial effusion can be displayed on the display screen. When performing pericardial effusion puncture under ultrasound guidance, the puncture position and puncture direction can be accurately determined, which significantly improves the training and assessment effect of pericardiocentesis skills.

[0004] The present invention solves the problem of lack of high-simulation fully automatic equipment for ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis training and assessment, and fills the gap in medical education equipment in the world.

[0005] A highly realistic ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis surgical skill training model comprises: a highly realistic human model, a simulated pericardial effusion sac, a simulated heart, a microcomputer controller, a highly realistic heart beat device, and an automatic pericardial effusion replenishment device, characterized in that: the highly realistic human model (1) has simulated skin (2-1), subcutaneous soft tissue (3), simulated head and neck (4), chest (5), and abdomen (6); the chest (5) is provided with bone landmarks such as clavicle (7), ribs (8), sternum (9), and xiphoid process (10); the limbs include the upper part of the upper limb (11) and the upper part of the thigh (12); on the back (13) of the highly realistic human model (1) A semi-recumbent support (14) is provided on a flat plate (15); a pericardial puncture site in the precordial region of the chest (5) of a highly realistic human model (1) is provided with a simulated skin (2-2) which is easily replaceable and is adhered to the periphery through an adhesive spring (NH) and to the precordial ribs (8) of the chest (5); a simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) is fixed by four screws or buckles on the upper, lower, left and right sides; the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) has a sac wall thickness of 5-7 mm and is in the shape of a triangular flask, and four film fixing pads (17-1-17-4) are conveniently fixed on the upper, lower, left and right sides of the sac, and a heart for injecting simulated pericardial effusion (JY) into the sac is provided on the lower right side of the sac. The simulated heart (20) has an appearance similar to that of a human anatomical heart and a wall thickness of 5-7 mm. The simulated heart (20) is placed in the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) through an incision at the back, and then sealed with glue. The structure is as follows: the simulated heart (20) has a wall thickness of 5-7 mm, a simulated heart blood input tube (21-1) is arranged at the upper part, and is sealed and passed through the upper right side of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16); a first one-way check valve (F-1) is connected to simulate the function of the atrioventricular valve of the heart and is opened only in the direction of the heart ventricle to input simulated blood (XY). ), the other end of the valve is connected to a long simulated heart blood input tube (21-2), and a simulated heart blood output tube (22-1) is also provided on the upper part of the heart; a second one-way check valve (F-2) is provided to simulate the valve function of the aortic valve and can only be opened in the direction of blood flowing out of the heart, and the other end of the valve is connected to a long simulated heart blood output tube (22-2); the microcomputer controller is a controller chassis (23) provided with a rectifier power supply (DC), a microcomputer heart beat frequency control module (24), a highly simulated fully automatic simulated heart beat device, and a simulated pericardial effusion automatic replenishment device;The chassis panel (25) is provided with a heart beat button (K1) with an indicator light, a digital screen (26) for displaying the heart beat frequency, a speed control knob (28) of the motor speed controller (27), a digital tube (29) for displaying the speed control efficiency of 0-99%, and a pericardial effusion supplement button (K2) with an indicator light. ) The pericardial effusion overflow observation dropper (30), the liquid level meter (31) and the highly simulated fully automatic cardiac pulsation simulation device are arranged in a microcomputer controller chassis (23), the reduction motor (32) controlled by the motor speed regulator (27), the machine shaft connected to the crank (33) is connected to the sliding rod (35) through the connecting rod (34), the sliding rod is inserted into the linear bearing (37) fixed on the first vertical plate (36), the end of the sliding rod is connected to the proximal end of the retractable folding bag (38), the distal end of the bag is provided with two joint pipes fixed on the second vertical plate (39), and the retractable folding bag is connected to the simulated blood inlet tube through the first joint pipe (GJ-1). (40) is connected to a blood storage bottle (41); the bottle is provided with a blood bottle injection tube (43) with a first water stop clamp (42-1), and a blood bottle overflow tube (44) leading to the outside of the chassis (23); a second joint pipe (GJ-2) is connected to a folding bag simulated blood output tube (45); the tube is connected to a joint pipe (JTG) on one side of the body of the high-simulation human model (1) through a joint pipe (JTG) of the chassis (23) to connect to a simulated heart (20) long simulated heart blood input tube (21-2); a first one-way check valve (F-1) is connected to the simulated heart blood input tube (21-1) through a first one-way check valve (F-1) that simulates the function of the heart's atrioventricular valve and opens only in the direction of the heart's ventricle; The simulated heart blood output tube (22-1) exiting the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) is connected to the long simulated heart blood output tube (22-2) through a second one-way check valve (F-2) that simulates the function of the simulated aortic valve and can only be opened in the direction of flowing out of the heart; the simulated blood return tube (46) between the chassis (23) and the high-simulation human body model (1) is connected through the joint pipe fitting (JTG) of the chassis, and the blood return tube (47) of the blood storage bottle in the chassis (23) is connected through the joint pipe fitting (JTG); a magnet sheet (48) is arranged in the middle of the retractable foldable sac (38), and a Hall sensor proximity switch (49) is arranged near the magnet sheet (48), which is connected to the blood return tube (47) of the blood storage bottle in the chassis (23) through the signal line (50). A microcomputer heart beat frequency control module (51) is connected to the microcomputer controller chassis (23), and the module is connected to a digital screen (22) displaying the heart rate via a data line; the simulated pericardial effusion automatic replenishing device is a micro peristaltic water pump (52) provided in the chassis (23); the input pipe (53) of the pump is connected to a liquid storage bottle (54) storing the simulated pericardial effusion (JY); the bottle is connected to a liquid level gauge (31) on the chassis panel 25, and is provided with a liquid storage bottle injection pipe (55) with a second water stop clamp (42-2) and a liquid storage bottle overflow pipe (56) leading to the outside of the chassis (23); the pump output pipe (57) is connected to a joint pipe fitting (JTG) of the chassis (23);The simulated pericardial effusion inlet tube (18) is connected via a joint pipe fitting (JTG) on one side of the highly realistic human model (1); a first pericardial effusion return tube (19-1) of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) is connected to a second pericardial effusion return tube (19-2) of the chassis (23) via a joint pipe fitting (JTG), and a pericardial sac overflow observation tube (30) is connected via a chassis panel (24); the lower end of the tube enters the chassis (23) via a joint pipe fitting (JTG) and is connected to a liquid storage bottle (54) via a third simulated pericardial effusion return tube (19-3); the simulated skin of the precordial area of ​​the highly realistic human model 1 (2-2), the sac wall (NB) of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16), and the heart wall (XB) of the simulated heart (20) are all made of an organic material mold having a density substantially the same as that of real human tissue, and conform to the acoustic characteristic impedance of real human acoustic parameters; therefore, by scanning with a real ultrasonic diagnostic instrument (58) probe (59), a cardiac beat sonogram and a cardiac color Doppler blood flow image can be displayed on a display screen (60); and a liquid dark area of ​​pericardial effusion (JY) can be displayed around the simulated heart (20). ;

[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: pericardial puncture skill training and assessment can be performed under ultrasound guidance, the liquid dark area of ​​pericardial effusion and the rhythmic beating of the simulated heart can be displayed on the ultrasound screen, and the color Doppler blood flow display can be seen. Pericardial effusion puncture is performed under ultrasound guidance, the puncture position and the correct puncture direction are accurately determined, and the skill training and assessment effects are significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the specification. Figure 1 The overall structure diagram of the present invention is Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the high-simulation human body model of the present invention Figure 3 The left side structural diagram of the high-simulation human body model of the present invention is Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the local cross-sectional structure of pericardial puncture of the present invention is Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the simulated pericardial effusion sac and simulated heart structure of the present invention Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the highly simulated fully automatic cardiac pulsation simulation device of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic supplementation simulated pericardial effusion device of the present invention. Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the external structure of the microcomputer controller of the present invention is Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the control circuit principle of the present invention.

[0008] The simulated skin 2-1 of the highly simulated human body model 1 of the present invention is made of high-quality high-density PVC or addition-type silicone rubber in a mold. The simulated subcutaneous soft tissue 2 is made of PU foaming in a mold; and the skeleton 3 is made of hard PVC or unsaturated resin in a mold. The simulated skin 2-2 of the precordial area is formed by liquid silicone rubber mold with a density of 1.0. The pericardial sac 16 and the simulated heart 20 of the simulated pericardial effusion are both injected into a metal mold with a thermoplastic elastomer TPE that meets the acoustic characteristic impedance of the acoustic parameters and is similar to the human body, that is, a density of 1.0, and are formed in a veneer machine at 180°C. The sac is fixed to the rib 8 of the precordial area by screws or buckles through four conveniently fixed film fixing pads 17-1-17-4. The simulated pericardial effusion is made by pure water with 1% sodium benzoate. The simulated blood is dissolved by pure water with 0.2-0.5% red pigment. Other parts are available in the market, among which the reduction motor 26 adopts a reduction motor of 24V 50W 100 rpm, the micro peristaltic water pump 35 adopts 24V or 12V5W, and the chip of the microcomputer heart beat module 51 adopts a 51 single chip microcomputer. Prepare various parts, assemble according to the instructions and the drawings, and use them after debugging. First, preparations should be made: before use, place the high-simulation human model 1 and the microcomputer controller case 19 on the laboratory table or medical bed, place the high-simulation human model 1 in a semi-recumbent position, and support the support 1) provided on the back 13 of the model on the flat plate 15; insert the power input plug of the microcomputer controller case 19 into a 220V power socket. Place the ultrasonic diagnostic instrument near the laboratory table or medical bed; prepare items for pericardial puncture; use a large syringe to draw simulated blood from the blood bottle injection tube 43 connected to the blood storage bottle 41 and inject simulated blood into the blood storage bottle 41 until simulated blood overflows from the blood bottle overflow tube 44, indicating that it is full, and then clamp the water stop clamp 42-1; use a large syringe or infusion set to inject simulated pericardial effusion into the liquid storage bottle 54 from the injection tube 55 connected to the liquid storage bottle 54, until simulated pericardial effusion overflows from the liquid storage bottle overflow tube 56, indicating that it is full, and then clamp the second water stop clamp 42-2.The method of using the highly simulated fully automatic heart beat simulation device and its working principle are as follows: the heart beat button K1 with an indicator light set on the panel 25 of the microcomputer controller chassis 23 is pressed, and the indicator light is on, the reduction motor 32 is powered on and operates, and the crankshaft drives the sliding rod 35 connected to the crank 33 through the connecting rod 34, so that the sliding rod inserted in the linear bearing 37 fixed on the first vertical plate 36 slides, and the motor rotational motion is converted into a linear reciprocating motion, driving the retractable folding bag 38 to continuously extend-fold and retract-extend-fold and retract alternately. When the bag is extended, the volume of the bag increases to form a negative pressure, and simulated blood is drawn from the blood storage bottle 41 connected to the simulated blood inlet tube 40 of the folding bag 38 to fill the bag cavity; when the crank 33 rotates 1 When the sac is 80°, the sliding rod 35 connected by the connecting rod 34 and the sliding rod in the linear bearing 31 slide forward, pushing the retractable folding sac 38 toward the second vertical plate 39, significantly reducing the volume of the folding sac and forming a strong pressure to simulate the simulated blood injected into the sac into the folding sac simulated blood output tube (45-1) connected to the second joint pipe, through the chassis simulated blood output tube 45-2 connected to the joint pipe JTG of the chassis 23, through the joint pipe JTG on one side of the body of the high-simulation human model 1, into the simulated heart blood input tube 21-1 in the simulated heart 20, through the one-way check valve F1 simulating the heart atrioventricular valve function, into the simulated heart 20, so that the simulated heart 20 is filled with simulated blood XY. As the simulated blood XY increases by about 50 ml in the heart, the pressure in the heart increases, forcing the elastic heart wall of the simulated heart 16 to expand, storing elastic potential energy. Then, the crank 33 rotates 180° again, and the connecting rod 31 drives the sliding rod 32 to slide backward again, pulling the bag in the opposite direction of the second vertical plate 39, so that the compressed volume of the bag is restored to form a negative pressure, and the elastic potential energy stored in the wall of the expanded simulated heart 20 is released. The negative pressure attraction of the folded bag and the elastic retraction of the expanded heart form a superposition effect of strong pressure, which fills the heart cavity with about 50% more air. ml simulated blood XY passes through the simulated blood output tube 21-1 of the heart, the one-way check valve F2 simulating the function of the aortic valve, the simulated blood output tube 21-2 of the heart, and then passes through the joint pipe JTG of the chassis, the simulated blood return pipe 39 between the chassis 23 and the high-simulation human model 1, and enters the chassis 23 through the joint pipe JTG, and returns to the blood storage bottle 41 through the blood storage bottle blood return pipe 47; the reduction motor 32 drives the crank 33 connecting rod 34 sliding rod 35 folding bag 38... to make the simulated heart 20 expand-retract-re-expand-re-retract, so that the simulated heart 20 moves, forming a very realistic heart beat. When the heart probe 59 of the ultrasonic diagnostic instrument 58 is used to scan the precordial area of ​​the high-simulation human model 1, the display screen 60 can see the beat of the simulated heart 20, and the color Doppler blood flow display can be seen.According to teaching needs, the speed of the reduction motor 26 can be adjusted by the speed knob 28 of the motor speed regulator 27 while watching the display screen 60. The digital tube 29 showing the speed regulation efficiency of 0-99% increases in number when the knob 28 is turned clockwise, and the motor speed increases, resulting in a faster simulated heart beat frequency. Counterclockwise rotation slows down the speed, resulting in a slower simulated heart beat frequency. Since a magnet sheet 48 is arranged in the middle of the retractable folding capsule 38, when the capsule is extended and retracted under the drive of the reduction motor 26, each time the magnet sheet 48 is extended and retracted, it approaches the Hall sensor proximity switch 49 arranged nearby. The triggered signal is transmitted to the microcomputer heart beat module 51 in the microcomputer controller chassis 23 through the signal line 50. The module sends a command to the digital screen 22 displaying the pulse rate through the data line to display the beat frequency of the simulated heart 20 in real time. The method of using the automatic replenishment simulation pericardial effusion device and its working principle: press the button arranged in the microcomputer controller chassis 23 The panel 25 is provided with an automatic pericardial effusion replenishment button K2 with an indicator light. When the indicator light is on, the peristaltic water pump 52 is running, the input pipe 53 of the pump draws simulated pericardial effusion JY from the connected liquid storage bottle 54, and the simulated pericardial effusion JY is drawn from the input pipe 53 of the pump through the output pipe 57 of the pump through the joint pipe JTG of the chassis 23 and the joint pipe JTG on the side of the high-simulation human model 1, and enters the simulated pericardial effusion input pipe 53 in the chest 5, and continuously injects the simulated pericardial effusion JY into the simulated pericardial effusion sac 16 to fill the pericardial sac. After simulating pericardial effusion JY, the simulated pericardial effusion JY that continues to be injected passes through the first pericardial effusion return tube 19-1 on the upper side of the sac, through the joint pipe fitting JTG on one side of the high-simulation human model 1, enters the second pericardial effusion return tube 19-2 outside the chassis 23, flows into the pericardial effusion overflow observation dropper 30 connected to the joint pipe fitting JTG and provided on the chassis panel 20, and then enters the chassis 23 through the joint pipe fitting JTG and returns to the liquid storage bottle 54 through the third simulated pericardial effusion return tube 19-3. When liquid is observed to drip out of the pericardial effusion overflow observation tube 30, it indicates that the simulated pericardial effusion sac 16 has been filled, and the pericardial effusion replenishment key K2 can be closed at this time. When performing pericardial puncture and fluid extraction under ultrasound guidance, the simulated pericardial effusion JY in the simulated pericardial effusion sac 16 will inevitably decrease. The button K2 can be operated at any time to automatically replenish the simulated pericardial effusion JY according to the actual situation. When the liquid level of the liquid level gauge 30 connected to the liquid storage bottle 54 drops to 20%, a large syringe or infusion set should be used to replenish the injection from the injection tube 55 with the first water stop clamp 42-1 opened.Method and working principle of ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis skill training and assessment: Due to the different densities P of simulated human tissue, simulated blood, simulated pericardial effusion, and stainless steel puncture needles, the sound speed C (i.e., the propagation speed of sound waves in the medium) m / s of different tissues and liquids is also different, resulting in different acoustic characteristic impedances (acoustic characteristic impedance is referred to as acoustic impedance). Acoustic characteristic impedance Z is equal to the product of density and sound speed g / (cm²x s). When two objects with different acoustic impedances come into contact, an interface is formed. Various echo images in the sonogram are mainly caused by the difference in acoustic impedance. Among them, simulated blood and simulated pericardial effusion form a non-interface area, which is displayed as a liquid dark area in the sonogram. The puncture needle is made of stainless steel, with a density of 7.93, forming a strong echo accompanied by a "comet tail sign". Since the simulated heart 16 of the present invention can automatically simulate the blood flow of the simulated input and output heart, when the probe is scanning, the ultrasonic probe and the blood flow move relative to each other to produce the Doppler effect, forming a color Doppler blood flow image, which can not only clearly understand the shape and activity of the simulated heart, but also intuitively and vividly display the direction, speed and range of the blood flow. According to the operating routine, wear "sterile" gloves to simulate disinfection, use the ultrasonic diagnostic instrument 58 and use the non-dominant hand (usually the left hand) to hold the heart probe 59, and scan the precardiac area of ​​the high-simulation human body model 1 according to the clinical operating routine. The rhythmic beating of the simulated heart 16 can be seen on the display screen 60, and the color Doppler heart blood flow display can be seen. The slightly triangular liquid dark area formed by the simulated pericardial effusion JY in the simulated pericardial effusion sac can be seen around the heart. Under ultrasound guidance, hold the pericardial puncture needle with the dominant hand (usually the right hand) and puncture the liquid dark area outside the midline of the clavicle 7 at the 5th-6th intercostal space 8 on the left side of the sternum 9 or on the left side of the xiphoid process 10. Because the puncture needle is made of stainless steel with a density of up to 7.93 The display screen shows a strong echo with a "comet tail sign". During the needle insertion process, the direction of the needle insertion can be accurately grasped under ultrasound guidance. When there is a breakthrough feeling during the puncture process, the simulated pericardial effusion JY can be seen overflowing when the needle core of the puncture needle is pulled out. At this time, the simulated pericardial effusion JY can be drawn out by replacing the syringe, and the guide wire can be implanted. Then, the central venous catheter is inserted for pericardial effusion drainage. The skill assessment is judged as qualified. If the simulated blood XY is drawn out, it means that the puncture needle has pierced the simulated heart 20, which is judged as unqualified. Since it is easy to accurately determine the puncture site and puncture direction under ultrasound guidance, the success rate of pericardial puncture is significantly improved, and the training effect of pericardial puncture and drainage catheter implantation skill training and assessment is greatly improved. Since the pericardial sac 20 of the present invention is made of highly elastic organic glue material, the pinhole of the simulated pericardial sac 20 will elastically shrink and automatically seal after puncture, and there will be no leakage after hundreds of punctures. When the pericardial sac 20 is seriously damaged and cannot be used, the back plate of the high-simulation human model 1 can be opened to replace the spare parts, which greatly extends the service life.

Claims

1. A highly realistic fully automatic ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis training and assessment device, comprising: A highly realistic human model, a simulated pericardial effusion sac, a simulated heart, a microcomputer controller, a highly realistic heart beat device, and an automatic pericardial effusion replenishment device, characterized in that: the highly realistic human model (1) has simulated skin (2-1), subcutaneous soft tissue (3), simulated head and neck (4), chest (5), and abdomen (6); the chest (5) is provided with bone landmarks such as clavicle (7), ribs (8), sternum (9), and xiphoid process (10); the limbs include the upper part of the upper limb (11) and the upper part of the thigh (12); the back (13) of the highly realistic human model (1) is provided with A semi-recumbent support (14) is supported on a flat plate (15); a pericardial puncture site in the precordial region of the chest (5) of a highly realistic human model (1) is provided with a simulated skin (2-2) that is easily replaceable and is adhered to the periphery through an adhesive spring (NH) and to the precordial ribs (8) of the chest (5); a simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) is fixed by four screws or buckles at the top, bottom, left and right sides; the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) has a sac wall thickness of 5-7 mm and is in the shape of a triangular flask, and four film fixing pads (17-1-17-4) are conveniently fixed thereon at the top, bottom, left and right sides. A pericardial effusion inlet tube (18) for injecting simulated pericardial effusion (JY) into the sac is arranged at the lower right side of the sac; a first pericardial effusion return tube (19-1) is arranged at the upper side of the sac; the simulated heart (20) has an appearance similar to that of a human anatomical heart and a wall thickness of 5-7 mm; the simulated heart (20) is placed into the sac through an incision at the rear of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) and then sealed with glue; the structure is as follows: the simulated heart (20) has a wall thickness of 5-7 mm; a simulated heart blood inlet tube (21-1) is arranged at the upper part; a simulated heart blood return tube (21-1) is arranged at the upper right side of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) and a simulated heart blood return tube (21-1) is arranged at the upper right side of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) The device is sealed and passed out; a first one-way check valve (F-1) is connected to simulate the function of the heart's atrioventricular valve and is opened only in the direction of the heart's ventricle to input simulated blood (XY); the other end of the valve is connected to a long simulated heart blood input tube (21-2); a simulated heart blood output tube (22-1) is also arranged on the upper part of the heart; a second one-way check valve (F-2) is arranged to simulate the function of the aortic valve and can only be opened in the direction of outflow from the heart; the other end of the valve is connected to a long simulated heart blood output tube (22-2).

2. According to claim 1, a highly realistic fully automatic ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis training and assessment device is characterized by: The microcomputer controller is a controller case (23) in which a rectifier power supply (DC), a microcomputer heart beat frequency control module (24), a highly simulated fully automatic heart beat simulation device and a simulated pericardial effusion automatic replenishment device are arranged; a heart beat button (K1) with an indicator light, a digital screen (26) for displaying the heart beat frequency, a speed control knob (28) of a motor speed regulator (27), a digital tube (29) for displaying the speed control efficiency of 0-99%, and a pericardial effusion replenishment button (K2) with an indicator light are arranged on the case panel (25). ) The pericardial effusion overflow observation dropper (30), the liquid level meter (31) and the highly simulated fully automatic cardiac pulsation simulating device are arranged in a microcomputer controller chassis (23), the reduction motor (32) controlled by the motor speed regulator (27), the crankshaft connected to the crank (33) is connected to the sliding rod (35) through the connecting rod (34), the sliding rod is inserted into the linear bearing (37) fixed on the first vertical plate (36), the end of the sliding rod is connected to the proximal end of the retractable folding bag (38), and the distal end of the bag is provided with two joint pipes fixed on the first vertical plate (36). On the second vertical plate (39), a retractable folding bag is connected to a blood storage bottle (41) through a first joint pipe (GJ-1) via a simulated blood input tube (40); the bottle is provided with a blood bottle injection tube (43) with a first water stop clamp (42-1), and a blood bottle overflow tube (44) leading to the outside of the chassis (23); a second joint pipe (GJ-2) is connected to the folding bag simulated blood output tube (45); the tube is connected to a joint pipe (JTG) on one side of the body of the high-simulation human model (1) via a joint pipe (JTG) of the chassis (23). The simulated heart (20) has a long simulated heart blood input tube (21-2) connected to the simulated heart blood input tube (21-1) through a first one-way check valve (F-1) that simulates the function of the heart's atrioventricular valve and can only be opened in the direction of the heart's ventricle; the simulated heart blood output tube (22-1) that passes through the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) is connected to a long simulated heart blood output tube (22-2) through a second one-way check valve (F-2) that simulates the function of the simulated aortic valve and can only be opened in the direction of flowing out of the heart; and the simulated heart blood output tube (22-1) that passes through the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) is connected to a second one-way check valve (F-2) that simulates the function of the simulated aortic valve and can only be opened in the direction of flowing out of the heart; (JTG) connects the simulated blood return pipe (46) between the chassis (23) and the high-simulation human body model (1), and connects the blood return pipe (47) of the blood storage bottle in the chassis (23) through the joint pipe (JTG); a magnet sheet (48) is arranged in the middle of the retractable folding bag (38), and a Hall sensor proximity switch (49) is arranged near it, which is connected to the microcomputer heart beat frequency control module (51) in the microcomputer controller chassis (23) through a signal line (50), and the module is connected to the digital screen (22) displaying the heart rate through a data line;The simulated pericardial effusion automatic replenishing device is a micro peristaltic water pump (52) arranged in a chassis (23); the input pipe (53) of the pump is connected to a liquid storage bottle (54) storing simulated pericardial effusion (JY); the bottle is in communication with a liquid level gauge (31) on a chassis panel 25; a liquid storage bottle injection pipe (55) with a second water stop clamp (42-2) and a liquid storage bottle overflow pipe (56) leading to the outside of the chassis (23); the output pipe (57) of the pump is connected to a joint pipe fitting (JTG) of the chassis (23); and the output pipe (57) of the pump is connected to a joint pipe fitting (JTG) on one side of the high-simulation human body model (1). ) connected to the simulated pericardial effusion input tube (18); the first pericardial effusion return tube (19-1) of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) is connected to the chassis (23) through the joint pipe (JTG), the second pericardial effusion return tube (19-2) is connected to the chassis (23) through the chassis panel (24) and the pericardial sac overflow observation tube (30), the lower end of the tube enters the chassis (23) through the joint pipe (JTG), and is connected to the liquid storage bottle (54) through the third simulated pericardial effusion return tube (19-3). ; 3. The highly realistic fully automatic ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis training and assessment device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The simulated skin (2-2) of the precordial area of ​​the highly realistic human model 1, the sac wall (NB) of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16), and the heart wall (XB) of the simulated heart (20) are all made of an organic material mold having a density substantially the same as that of real human tissue, and conform to the acoustic characteristic impedance of a real human body in acoustic parameters; therefore, by scanning with a probe (59) of a real ultrasonic diagnostic instrument (58), a cardiac rhythmic beat sonogram and a cardiac color Doppler blood flow image can be displayed on a display screen (60), and a liquid dark area of ​​pericardial effusion (JY) can be displayed around the simulated heart (20).

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