Data transmission method and data transmission device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a data transmission method and a data transmission device, designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate a pilot symbol, and correspondingly can be realized by adopting a relatively simple hardware structure. And on the other hand, the generated pilot symbol has good self-correlation and cross-correlation characteristics, meets direct current balance, and is beneficial for a receiving end to recover signal quality. Specifically, the generated data frame comprises N symbols in one polarization direction, every continuous M symbols in the N symbols comprise one pilot symbol and M-1 payload symbols located at a fixed position, N = M * Q, Q is an even number, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, each pilot symbol is one of-A-Aj,-A + Aj, A-Aj and A + Aj, A is a real number, the Q pilot symbols meet direct current balance, the order of the target polynomial is smaller than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is larger than or equal to 2 and smaller than or equal to 8.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application. The application number of the original application is 202310668432.9, and the original application date is June 6, 2023. The entire contents of the original application are incorporated into this application by reference; and the original application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application submitted to the China Patent Office on November 26, 2022, with application number 202211495134.6 and invention name “A data transmission method and data transmission device”, all contents of which are incorporated into this application by application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a data transmission method and a data transmission device. Background Art

[0003] Driven by 5G, cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, high-speed optical transmission networks are developing in the direction of large capacity, packetization, and intelligence. Coherent optical communication systems use the amplitude, phase, polarization, and frequency of light waves to carry information. In order to combat optical signal distortion caused by dispersion, polarization-related damage, noise, nonlinear effects, and other factors during transmission and maintain long-distance transmission, coherent optical communication systems usually add some designed fixed symbol sequences to the transmission symbol sequence to facilitate the receiver to recover the transmitted symbols.

[0004] The existing transmission symbol sequences are mainly used in 400Gbps scenarios and cannot adapt to future scenarios above 400Gbps (including 600Gbps, 800Gbps, etc.). In addition, the existing technical solutions have the problem of high hardware implementation complexity. These are all problems that need to be solved urgently in the future. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method and a data transmission device, and designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, which can be implemented with a relatively simple hardware structure. On the other hand, the generated pilot symbols have good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics and meet DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0006] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which is applied to the transmitting end and includes the following steps. First, a data frame is generated. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols, and each consecutive M symbols of the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M-1 payload symbols, N=M×Q, Q is an even number, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, and each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers: -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, A is a real number, and the Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. Then, the data frame is sent.

[0007] In this embodiment, in a data frame including N symbols, each consecutive M symbols includes 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M-1 payload symbols, N = M × Q. Among them, the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, the Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance, the order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. It can be seen that the present application designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the pilot symbols generated in the above manner have better autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics and satisfy DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to recover the signal quality.

[0008] In some possible implementations, the target polynomial is one of the following:

[0009] ^^^

[0010] x9+x4+x3+x+1;

[0011] ^^^

[0012] x9+x5+x4+x+1;

[0013] ^^^^

[0014] x9+x8+x5+x4+1;

[0015] ^^^^

[0016] x9+x8+x6+x5+1;

[0017] ^^^

[0018] x10+x4+x3+x+1;

[0019] ^^^

[0020] x 10+x 5+x 2+x+1;

[0021] ^^^

[0022] x 10+x 8+x 5+x+1;

[0023] ^^^

[0024] x 10+x 9+x 4+x+1;

[0025] ^^^^

[0026] x 10+x 9+x 5+x 2+1;

[0027] ^^^

[0028] x 10+x 9+x 6+x+1;

[0029] ^^^^

[0030] x 10+x 9+x 7+x 6+1;

[0031] ^^^^

[0032] x 10+x 9+x 8+x 5+1;

[0033] ^^^^^

[0034] x 10+x 8+x 6+x 5+x 3+x+1;

[0035] ^^^^^

[0036] x 10+x 8+x 7+x 3+x 2+x+1;

[0037] ^^^^^

[0038] x 10+x 8+x 7+x 6+x 2+x+1;

[0039] ^^^^^^

[0040] x 10+x 9+x 7+x 5+x 4+x 2+1;

[0041] ^^^^^^

[0042] x 10+x 9+x 8+x 4+x 3+x 2+1;

[0043] ^^^^^^

[0044] x 10+x 9+x 8+x 7+x 3+x 2+1。

[0045] In some possible implementations, each pilot symbol is located at a starting position among the consecutive M symbols.

[0046] In some possible implementations, the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction is different from the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other, thereby avoiding the problem that the receiving end cannot distinguish the two polarization directions in actual transmission.

[0047] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96, and the correspondence between the target polynomial, the seed in the first polarization direction, and the seed in the second polarization direction is one of the following items:

[0048] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0049] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0050] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0051] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0052] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x115, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08D;

[0053] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x08D, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0054] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0055] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0056] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0057] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0058] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0059] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0060] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0061] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0062] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0063] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0064] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0065] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0066] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0067] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0068] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0069] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x11E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x175;

[0070] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0071] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0072] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E1;

[0073] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0074] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x069;

[0075] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0076] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x069, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0077] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1C3, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0078] Target polynomial: x^10+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36E;

[0079] Target polynomial: x^10+x^5+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36A;

[0080] Target polynomial: x^10+x^5+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x35E;

[0081] Target polynomial: x^10+x^5+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1AF;

[0082] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^5+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3A7;

[0083] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x039;

[0084] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0085] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x039, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x295;

[0086] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x295, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0087] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^5+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03A;

[0088] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0089] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0090] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0091] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0092] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^6+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3CC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E2;

[0093] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x170, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0094] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0B8, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0095] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x299, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0096] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x354, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0097] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x17C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0098] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1AA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0099] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x06A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0100] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0101] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2A9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0102] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2F9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0103] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D5, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0104] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1F3;

[0105] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14B;

[0106] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x297;

[0107] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x12F;

[0108] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0109] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0110] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0111] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0ED;

[0112] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0113] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0114] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0115] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0116] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0117] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3AC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01A;

[0118] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0119] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0120] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0121] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3F4;

[0122] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1FA;

[0123] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3F4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0124] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0125] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x35C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0126] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0127] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x33A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0128] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0129] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2B9;

[0130] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1B9;

[0131] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x275;

[0132] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39D;

[0133] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x173;

[0134] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0135] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39B;

[0136] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x337;

[0137] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0138] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0139] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0140] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0141] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x130;

[0142] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x298;

[0143] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0144] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0145] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01F;

[0146] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0147] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0148] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0149] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0150] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0151] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0152] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x34C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0153] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x282, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261.

[0154] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96, the target polynomial is x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x049, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x115, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0155] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are:

[0156] A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj;

[0157] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0158] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0159] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x12A, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x039, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0160] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0161] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0162] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0163] A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-A j,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+ Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A- Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+A j,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj, -A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

[0164] In some possible implementations, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried on multiple optical signals for transmission.

[0165] In some possible implementations, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two optical signals in the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each optical signal in the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0166] In some possible implementations, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the first seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the second seed. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the third seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the fourth seed.

[0167] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0168] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0169] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0170] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two seeds among the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0171] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0172] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in a data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0173] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A=-1, 1, -3, 3, -√5 or √5.

[0174] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A=-1 or 1.

[0175] In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which includes the following steps. First, a data frame is generated. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols, and each consecutive M symbols of the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol and M-1 payload symbols located at a fixed position, N = M × Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of the four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, A is a real number, and the Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The pilot symbols in the data frame are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj, respectively, and the difference between each other is less than or equal to 2. Then, the data frame is sent.

[0176] In this implementation, the number of pilot symbols in the data frame that are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj or A+Aj differs from each other by less than or equal to 2. Moreover, the number of pilot symbols that are -A-Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A+Aj, and the number of pilot symbols that are -A+Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A-Aj, which effectively ensures that the number of symbols in each polarization direction approaches balance, and can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0177] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, in a data frame, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in a data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in a data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in a data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is in, Indicates that the positive real number a is rounded down.

[0178] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96, the target polynomial is x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x175, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x03D, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction.

[0179] In some possible implementations, the 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are:

[0180] A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj;

[0181] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0182] A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,- A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj ,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-A j,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+ Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A +Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

[0183] In some possible implementations, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Alternatively, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is in, It means that the positive real number a is rounded down, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0184] In this implementation, in two polarization directions, the sum of the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is Q / 2, the sum of the number of pilot symbols -A+Aj is Q / 2, the sum of the number of pilot symbols A-Aj is Q / 2, and the sum of the number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Q / 2, which effectively ensures the balance of the number of symbols. In addition, it can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0185] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96; wherein the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0186] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are:

[0187] A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-A j,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A- Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj ,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj ,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-A j,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj ,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj;

[0188] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are:

[0189] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0190] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96; wherein, the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0191] The 96 pilot symbols on the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0192] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0193] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence as follows:

[0194] A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-A j,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+ Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A- Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+A j,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj, -A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

[0195] In some possible implementations, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried on multiple optical signals for transmission.

[0196] In some possible implementations, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two optical signals in the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each optical signal in the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0197] In some possible implementations, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the first seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the second seed. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the third seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the fourth seed.

[0198] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0199] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0200] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0201] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two seeds among the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0202] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0203] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in a data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0204] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A=-1, 1, -3, 3, -√5 or √5.

[0205] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A=-1 or 1.

[0206] In the third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which is applied to the receiving end and includes the following steps. First, a data frame is received. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols, and each consecutive M symbols of the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol and M-1 payload symbols located at a fixed position, N = M × Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of the four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, A is a real number, and the Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. Then, the data frame is processed.

[0207] In this embodiment, in a data frame including N symbols, each consecutive M symbols includes 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M-1 payload symbols, N = M × Q. Among them, the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, the Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance, the order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. It can be seen that the present application designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the pilot symbols generated in the above manner have better autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics and satisfy DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to recover the signal quality.

[0208] In some possible implementations, the target polynomial is one of the following:

[0209] ^^^

[0210] x9+x4+x3+x+1;

[0211] ^^^

[0212] x9+x5+x4+x+1;

[0213] ^^^^

[0214] x9+x8+x5+x4+1;

[0215] ^^^^

[0216] x9+x8+x6+x5+1;

[0217] ^^^

[0218] x10+x4+x3+x+1;

[0219] ^^^

[0220] x10+x5+x2+x+1;

[0221] ^^^

[0222] x10+x8+x5+x+1;

[0223] ^^^

[0224] x10+x9+x4+x+1;

[0225] ^^^^

[0226] x10+x9+x5+x2+1;

[0227] ^^^

[0228] x10+x9+x6+x+1;

[0229] ^^^^

[0230] x10+x9+x7+x6+1;

[0231] ^^^^

[0232] x10+x9+x8+x5+1;

[0233] ^^^^^

[0234] x10+x8+x6+x5+x3+x+1;

[0235] ^^^^^

[0236] x10+x8+x7+x3+x2+x+1;

[0237] ^^^^^

[0238] x10+x8+x7+x6+x2+x+1;

[0239] ^^^^^^

[0240] x10+x9+x7+x5+x4+x2+1;

[0241] ^^^^^^

[0242] x10+x9+x8+x4+x3+x2+1;

[0243] ^^^^^^

[0244] x10+x9+x8+x7+x3+x2+1.

[0245] In some possible implementations, each pilot symbol is located at a starting position among the consecutive M symbols.

[0246] In some possible implementations, the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction is different from the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other, thereby avoiding the problem that the receiving end cannot distinguish the two polarization directions in actual transmission.

[0247] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96, and the correspondence between the target polynomial, the seed in the first polarization direction, and the seed in the second polarization direction is one of the following items:

[0248] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0249] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0250] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0251] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0252] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x115, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08D;

[0253] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x08D, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0254] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0255] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0256] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0257] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0258] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0259] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0260] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0261] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0262] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0263] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0264] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0265] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0266] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0267] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0268] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0269] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x11E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x175;

[0270] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0271] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0272] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E1;

[0273] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0274] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x069;

[0275] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0276] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x069, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0277] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1C3, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0278] Target polynomial: x^10+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36E;

[0279] Target polynomial: x^10+x^5+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36A;

[0280] Target polynomial: x^10+x^5+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x35E;

[0281] Target polynomial: x^10+x^5+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1AF;

[0282] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^5+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3A7;

[0283] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x039;

[0284] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0285] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x039, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x295;

[0286] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x295, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0287] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^5+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03A;

[0288] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0289] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0290] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0291] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0292] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^6+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3CC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E2;

[0293] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x170, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0294] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0B8, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0295] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x299, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0296] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x354, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0297] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x17C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0298] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1AA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0299] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x06A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0300] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0301] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2A9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0302] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2F9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0303] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D5, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0304] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1F3;

[0305] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14B;

[0306] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x297;

[0307] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x12F;

[0308] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0309] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0310] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0311] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0ED;

[0312] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0313] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0314] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0315] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0316] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0317] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3AC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01A;

[0318] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0319] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0320] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0321] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3F4;

[0322] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1FA;

[0323] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3F4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0324] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0325] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x35C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0326] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0327] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x33A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0328] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0329] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2B9;

[0330] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1B9;

[0331] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x275;

[0332] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39D;

[0333] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x173;

[0334] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0335] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39B;

[0336] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x337;

[0337] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0338] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0339] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0340] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0341] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x130;

[0342] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x298;

[0343] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0344] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0345] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01F;

[0346] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0347] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0348] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0349] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0350] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0351] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0352] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x34C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0353] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x282, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261.

[0354] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96, the target polynomial is x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x049, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x115, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0355] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are:

[0356] A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj;

[0357] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0358] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0359] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x12A, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x039, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0360] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0361] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0362] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0363] A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-A j,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+ Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A- Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+A j,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj, -A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

[0364] In some possible implementations, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried on multiple optical signals for transmission.

[0365] In some possible implementations, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two optical signals in the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each optical signal in the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0366] In some possible implementations, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the first seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the second seed. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the third seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the fourth seed.

[0367] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0368] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0369] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0370] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two seeds among the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0371] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0372] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in a data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0373] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, A=-1, 1, -3, 3, or

[0374] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A=-1 or 1.

[0375] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which is applied to a receiving end and includes the following steps. First, a data frame is received. In one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols, and each consecutive M symbols of the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol and M-1 payload symbols located at a fixed position, N = M × Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, A is a real number, and the Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance. The order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. Then, the data frame is processed.

[0376] In this implementation, the number of pilot symbols in the data frame that are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj or A+Aj differs from each other by less than or equal to 2. Moreover, the number of pilot symbols that are -A-Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A+Aj, and the number of pilot symbols that are -A+Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A-Aj, which effectively ensures that the number of symbols in each polarization direction approaches balance, and can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0377] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, in a data frame, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in a data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in a data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in a data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is in, Indicates that the positive real number a is rounded down.

[0378] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96, the target polynomial is x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x175, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x03D, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction.

[0379] In some possible implementations, the 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are:

[0380] A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj;

[0381] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0382] A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,- A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj ,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-A j,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+ Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A +Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

[0383] In some possible implementations, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Alternatively, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is in, It means that the positive real number a is rounded down, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0384] In this implementation, in two polarization directions, the sum of the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is Q / 2, the sum of the number of pilot symbols -A+Aj is Q / 2, the sum of the number of pilot symbols A-Aj is Q / 2, and the sum of the number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Q / 2, which effectively ensures the balance of the number of symbols. In addition, it can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0385] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96; wherein the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0386] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are:

[0387] A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-A j,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A- Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj ,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj ,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-A j,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj ,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj;

[0388] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are:

[0389] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0390] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96; wherein, the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0391] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0392] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0393] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0394] A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-A j,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+ Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A- Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+A j,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj, -A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

[0395] In some possible implementations, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried on multiple optical signals for transmission.

[0396] In some possible implementations, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two optical signals in the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each optical signal in the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0397] In some possible implementations, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the first seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the second seed. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the third seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the fourth seed.

[0398] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0399] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0400] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0401] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two seeds among the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0402] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0403] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in a data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0404] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A=-1, 1, -3, 3, -√5 or √5.

[0405] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A=-1 or 1.

[0406] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission device, which includes: a processing unit and a sending unit. The processing unit is used to: generate a data frame, in one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols, each of the N symbols includes 1 pilot symbol and M-1 payload symbols located at a fixed position, N = M × Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, A is a real number, Q pilot symbols meet DC balance, the order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. The sending unit is used to: send a data frame.

[0407] In this embodiment, in a data frame including N symbols, each consecutive M symbols includes 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M-1 payload symbols, N = M × Q. Among them, the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, the Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance, the order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. It can be seen that the present application designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the pilot symbols generated in the above manner have better autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics and satisfy DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to recover the signal quality.

[0408] In some possible implementations, the target polynomial is one of the following:

[0409] ^^^

[0410] x9+x4+x3+x+1;

[0411] ^^^

[0412] x9+x5+x4+x+1;

[0413] ^^^^

[0414] x9+x8+x5+x4+1;

[0415] ^^^^

[0416] x9+x8+x6+x5+1;

[0417] ^^^

[0418] x10+x4+x3+x+1;

[0419] ^^^

[0420] x10+x5+x2+x+1;

[0421] ^^^

[0422] x10+x8+x5+x+1;

[0423] ^^^

[0424] x10+x9+x4+x+1;

[0425] ^^^^

[0426] x10+x9+x5+x2+1;

[0427] ^^^

[0428] x10+x9+x6+x+1;

[0429] ^^^^

[0430] x10+x9+x7+x6+1;

[0431] ^^^^

[0432] x10+x9+x8+x5+1;

[0433] ^^^^^

[0434] x10+x8+x6+x5+x3+x+1;

[0435] ^^^^^

[0436] x10+x8+x7+x3+x2+x+1;

[0437] ^^^^^

[0438] x10+x8+x7+x6+x2+x+1;

[0439] ^^^^^^

[0440] x10+x9+x7+x5+x4+x2+1;

[0441] ^^^^^^

[0442] x10+x9+x8+x4+x3+x2+1;

[0443] ^^^^^^

[0444] x10+x9+x8+x7+x3+x2+1.

[0445] In some possible implementations, each pilot symbol is located at a starting position among the consecutive M symbols.

[0446] In some possible implementations, the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction is different from the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other, thereby avoiding the problem that the receiving end cannot distinguish the two polarization directions in actual transmission.

[0447] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96, and the correspondence between the target polynomial, the seed in the first polarization direction, and the seed in the second polarization direction is one of the following items:

[0448] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0449] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0450] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0451] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0452] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x115, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08D;

[0453] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x08D, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0454] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0455] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0456] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0457] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0458] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0459] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0460] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0461] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0462] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0463] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0464] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0465] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0466] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0467] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0468] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0469] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x11E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x175;

[0470] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0471] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0472] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E1;

[0473] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0474] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x069;

[0475] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0476] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x069, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0477] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1C3, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0478] Target polynomial: x^10+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36E;

[0479] Target polynomial: x^10+x^5+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36A;

[0480] Target polynomial: x^10+x^5+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x35E;

[0481] Target polynomial: x^10+x^5+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1AF;

[0482] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^5+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3A7;

[0483] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x039;

[0484] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0485] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x039, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x295;

[0486] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x295, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0487] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^5+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03A;

[0488] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0489] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0490] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0491] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0492] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^6+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3CC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E2;

[0493] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x170, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0494] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0B8, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0495] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x299, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0496] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x354, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0497] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x17C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0498] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1AA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0499] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x06A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0500] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0501] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2A9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0502] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2F9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0503] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D5, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0504] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1F3;

[0505] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14B;

[0506] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x297;

[0507] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x12F;

[0508] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0509] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0510] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0511] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0ED;

[0512] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0513] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0514] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0515] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0516] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0517] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3AC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01A;

[0518] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0519] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0520] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0521] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3F4;

[0522] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1FA;

[0523] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3F4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0524] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0525] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x35C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0526] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0527] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x33A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0528] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0529] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2B9;

[0530] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1B9;

[0531] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x275;

[0532] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39D;

[0533] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x173;

[0534] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0535] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39B;

[0536] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x337;

[0537] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0538] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0539] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0540] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0541] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x130;

[0542] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x298;

[0543] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0544] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0545] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01F;

[0546] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0547] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0548] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0549] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0550] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0551] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0552] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x34C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0553] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x282, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261.

[0554] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96, the target polynomial is x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x049, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x115, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0555] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are:

[0556] A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj;

[0557] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0558] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0559] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x12A, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x039, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0560] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0561] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0562] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence as follows:

[0563] A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-A j,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+ Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A- Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+A j,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj, -A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

[0564] In some possible implementations, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried on multiple optical signals for transmission.

[0565] In some possible implementations, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two optical signals in the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each optical signal in the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0566] In some possible implementations, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the first seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the second seed. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the third seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the fourth seed.

[0567] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0568] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0569] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0570] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two seeds among the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0571] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0572] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in a data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0573] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, A=-1, 1, -3, 3, or

[0574] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A=-1 or 1.

[0575] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission device, which includes: a processing unit and a sending unit. The processing unit is used to: generate a data frame, in one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols, each of the N symbols includes 1 pilot symbol and M-1 payload symbols located at a fixed position, N = M × Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, A is a real number, Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance, and the number of pilot symbols in the data frame is -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj, and the difference between each other is less than or equal to 2. The sending unit is used to: send a data frame.

[0576] In this implementation, the number of pilot symbols in the data frame that are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj or A+Aj differs from each other by less than or equal to 2. Moreover, the number of pilot symbols that are -A-Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A+Aj, and the number of pilot symbols that are -A+Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A-Aj, which effectively ensures that the number of symbols in each polarization direction approaches balance, and can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0577] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, in a data frame, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in a data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in a data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in a data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is in, Show the correct number of trade-ins.

[0578] Among the possible implementation methods, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the number of items x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, the number of the first deflection direction is 0x175, the number of the second deflection direction is 0x03D, the first deflection direction and the second deflection direction are mutually orthogonal.

[0579] Among the possible implementation methods, the first deflection direction depends on the 96-pin angle code as follows:

[0580] A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj, A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,- A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj, A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj, A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj, A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,- A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,- A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj;

[0581] The second deflection direction depends on the 96-pin angle code:

[0582] A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,- A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj ,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-A j,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+ Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A +Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

[0583] In some possible implementations, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Alternatively, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is in, It means that the positive real number a is rounded down, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0584] In this implementation, in two polarization directions, the sum of the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is Q / 2, the sum of the number of pilot symbols -A+Aj is Q / 2, the sum of the number of pilot symbols A-Aj is Q / 2, and the sum of the number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Q / 2, which effectively ensures the balance of the number of symbols. In addition, it can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0585] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96; wherein the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0586] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are:

[0587] A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-A j,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A- Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj ,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj ,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-A j,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj ,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj;

[0588] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are:

[0589] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0590] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96; wherein, the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0591] The 96 pilot symbols on the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0592] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0593] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence:

[0594] A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-A j,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+ Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A- Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+A j,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj, -A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

[0595] In some possible implementations, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried on multiple optical signals for transmission.

[0596] In some possible implementations, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two optical signals in the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each optical signal in the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0597] In some possible implementations, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the first seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the second seed. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the third seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the fourth seed.

[0598] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0599] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0600] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0601] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two seeds among the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0602] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0603] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in a data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0604] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A=-1, 1, -3, 3, -√5 or √5.

[0605] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A=-1 or 1.

[0606] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission device, which includes: a receiving unit and a processing unit. The receiving unit is used to: receive a data frame, in one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols, each of the N symbols includes 1 pilot symbol and M-1 payload symbols located at a fixed position, N = M × Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, A is a real number, Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance, the order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. The processing unit is used to: process the data frame.

[0607] In this embodiment, in a data frame including N symbols, each consecutive M symbols includes 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M-1 payload symbols, N = M × Q. Among them, the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, the Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance, the order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. It can be seen that the present application designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the pilot symbols generated in the above manner have better autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics and satisfy DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to recover the signal quality.

[0608] In some possible implementations, the target polynomial is one of the following:

[0609] ^^^

[0610] x9+x4+x3+x+1;

[0611] ^^^

[0612] x9+x5+x4+x+1;

[0613] ^^^^

[0614] x9+x8+x5+x4+1;

[0615] ^^^^

[0616] x9+x8+x6+x5+1;

[0617] ^^^

[0618] x10+x4+x3+x+1;

[0619] ^^^

[0620] x10+x5+x2+x+1;

[0621] ^^^

[0622] x10+x8+x5+x+1;

[0623] ^^^

[0624] x10+x9+x4+x+1;

[0625] ^^^^

[0626] x10+x9+x5+x2+1;

[0627] ^^^

[0628] x10+x9+x6+x+1;

[0629] ^^^^

[0630] x10+x9+x7+x6+1;

[0631] ^^^^

[0632] x10+x9+x8+x5+1;

[0633] ^^^^^

[0634] x10+x8+x6+x5+x3+x+1;

[0635] ^^^^^

[0636] x10+x8+x7+x3+x2+x+1;

[0637] ^^^^^

[0638] x10+x8+x7+x6+x2+x+1;

[0639] ^^^^^^

[0640] x10+x9+x7+x5+x4+x2+1;

[0641] ^^^^^^

[0642] x10+x9+x8+x4+x3+x2+1;

[0643] ^^^^^^

[0644] x10+x9+x8+x7+x3+x2+1.

[0645] In some possible implementations, each pilot symbol is located at a starting position among the consecutive M symbols.

[0646] In some possible implementations, the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the first polarization direction is different from the sequence including Q pilot symbols in the second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other, thereby avoiding the problem that the receiving end cannot distinguish the two polarization directions in actual transmission.

[0647] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96, and the correspondence between the target polynomial, the seed in the first polarization direction, and the seed in the second polarization direction is one of the following items:

[0648] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0649] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x002, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0650] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x115;

[0651] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x049, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0652] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x115, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08D;

[0653] Target polynomial: x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x08D, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x02B;

[0654] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0655] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0656] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x098, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0657] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0658] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0659] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x14C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0660] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0FE;

[0661] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0BF;

[0662] Target polynomial: x^9+x^5+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0A6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x17F;

[0663] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0664] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0665] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0666] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x11E;

[0667] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0668] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0EA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0669] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x11E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x175;

[0670] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03D;

[0671] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x175, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x08F;

[0672] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E1;

[0673] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x16A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0674] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x069;

[0675] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1E1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0676] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x069, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1C3;

[0677] Target polynomial: x^9+x^8+x^6+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1C3, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x113;

[0678] Target polynomial: x^10+x^4+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36E;

[0679] Target polynomial: x^10+x^5+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x36A;

[0680] Target polynomial: x^10+x^5+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x35E;

[0681] Target polynomial: x^10+x^5+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x36A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1AF;

[0682] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^5+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3A7;

[0683] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x039;

[0684] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x12A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0685] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x039, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x295;

[0686] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^4+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x295, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x107;

[0687] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^5+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x03A;

[0688] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0689] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1A2, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0690] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x379;

[0691] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^6+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2D1, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3EF;

[0692] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^6+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3CC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1E2;

[0693] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x170, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0694] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0B8, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0695] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^5+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x299, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14D;

[0696] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x354, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0697] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x17C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0698] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1AA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0699] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x06A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0700] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3E6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0701] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2A9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0702] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2F9, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0703] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D5, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2AD;

[0704] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1F3;

[0705] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x14B;

[0706] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x297;

[0707] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^6+x^5+x^3+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2AD, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x12F;

[0708] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0709] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0710] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0711] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0ED;

[0712] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x320, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0713] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3AC;

[0714] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0715] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0716] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0D4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0717] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3AC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01A;

[0718] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1D6;

[0719] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x075;

[0720] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x01A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0721] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x3F4;

[0722] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1B0, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1FA;

[0723] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x3F4, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0724] Target polynomial: x^10+x^8+x^7+x^6+x^2+x+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x1FA, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x13D;

[0725] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x35C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0726] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0DC, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0727] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x33A, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0728] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x26E, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2EE;

[0729] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2B9;

[0730] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x1B9;

[0731] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x275;

[0732] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39D;

[0733] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x173;

[0734] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x0EB;

[0735] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x39B;

[0736] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^7+x^5+x^4+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x2EE, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x337;

[0737] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0738] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x0C6, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0739] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x157;

[0740] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x263, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x2D7;

[0741] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x130;

[0742] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x298;

[0743] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0744] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0745] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x350, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x01F;

[0746] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0747] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x130, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0748] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x014;

[0749] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x298, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0750] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x34C;

[0751] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x014, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261;

[0752] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x34C, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x282;

[0753] Target polynomial: x^10+x^9+x^8+x^7+x^3+x^2+1, seed in the first polarization direction: 0x282, seed in the second polarization direction: 0x261.

[0754] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96, the target polynomial is x^9+x^4+x^3+x+1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x049, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x115, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0755] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are:

[0756] A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj;

[0757] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence as follows:

[0758] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0759] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96, the target polynomial is x^10 + x^9 + x^4 + x + 1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x12A, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x039, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction;

[0760] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0761] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0762] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence as follows:

[0763] A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-A j,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+ Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A- Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+A j,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj, -A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

[0764] In some possible implementations, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried on multiple optical signals for transmission.

[0765] In some possible implementations, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two optical signals in the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each optical signal in the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0766] In some possible implementations, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the first seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the second seed. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the third seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the fourth seed.

[0767] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0768] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0769] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0770] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two seeds among the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0771] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0772] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in a data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0773] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A=-1, 1, -3, 3, -√5 or √5.

[0774] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A=-1 or 1.

[0775] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission device, which includes: a receiving unit and a processing unit. The receiving unit is used to: receive a data frame, in one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols, each of the N symbols includes 1 pilot symbol and M-1 payload symbols located at a fixed position, N = M × Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, Q pilot symbols are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, each pilot symbol is one of four complex numbers -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, A is a real number, Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance, and the number of pilot symbols in the data frame is -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj, and the difference between each other is less than or equal to 2. The processing unit is used to: process the data frame.

[0776] In this implementation, the number of pilot symbols in the data frame that are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj or A+Aj differs from each other by less than or equal to 2. Moreover, the number of pilot symbols that are -A-Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A+Aj, and the number of pilot symbols that are -A+Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A-Aj, which effectively ensures that the number of symbols in each polarization direction approaches balance, and can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0777] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, in a data frame, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in a data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in a data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Or, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in a data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is in, Indicates that the positive real number a is rounded down.

[0778] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96, the target polynomial is x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, the seed in the first polarization direction is 0x175, the seed in the second polarization direction is 0x03D, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction.

[0779] In some possible implementations, the 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are:

[0780] A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj;

[0781] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence as follows:

[0782] A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,- A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj ,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-A j,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+ Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A +Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

[0783] In some possible implementations, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Alternatively, in the first polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is In the second polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is in, It means that the positive real number a is rounded down, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0784] In this implementation, in two polarization directions, the sum of the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is Q / 2, the sum of the number of pilot symbols -A+Aj is Q / 2, the sum of the number of pilot symbols A-Aj is Q / 2, and the sum of the number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Q / 2, which effectively ensures the balance of the number of symbols. In addition, it can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0785] In some possible implementations, N=6144, M=64, Q=96; wherein the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0786] The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are:

[0787] A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-A j,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A- Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj ,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj ,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-A j,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj ,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj;

[0788] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are:

[0789] A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj。

[0790] In some possible embodiments, N = 6144, M = 64, Q = 96; wherein, the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0791] The 96 pilot symbols on the first polarization direction are in sequence:

[0792] -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A - Aj, A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj, A - Aj, A + Aj, -A + Aj, -A - Aj, -A + Aj;

[0793] The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are in sequence as follows:

[0794] A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-A j,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+ Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A- Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+A j,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj, -A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

[0795] In some possible implementations, the number of data frames is W, where W is an integer greater than 1, and the W data frames are carried on multiple optical signals for transmission.

[0796] In some possible implementations, the W data frames are respectively carried on W optical signals. The wavelengths of any two optical signals in the W optical signals are different. Alternatively, the wavelengths of each optical signal in the W optical signals are the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0797] In some possible implementations, the W data frames include a first data frame and a second data frame, and the first polarization direction is orthogonal to the second polarization direction. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the first seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the first data frame are generated by the first target polynomial and the second seed. In the first polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the third seed; in the second polarization direction, the Q pilot symbols in the second data frame are generated by the second target polynomial and the fourth seed.

[0798] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is the same as the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0799] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, the first seed is the same as the third seed, the second seed is the same as the fourth seed, the first seed is different from the second seed, and the third seed is different from the fourth seed.

[0800] In some possible implementations, the first pilot symbol sequence in the first data frame is different from the second pilot symbol sequence in the second data frame, the first pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the first data frame, and the second pilot symbol sequence includes Q pilot symbols in the second data frame.

[0801] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is the same as the second target polynomial, and any two seeds among the first seed, the second seed, the third seed, and the fourth seed are different from each other.

[0802] In some possible implementations, the first target polynomial is different from the second target polynomial.

[0803] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in a data frame is less than or equal to 4.

[0804] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, and A=-1, 1, -3, 3, -√5 or √5.

[0805] In some possible implementations, in one polarization direction, the modulation format of symbols in the data frame is QPSK, and A=-1 or 1.

[0806] In an embodiment of the present application, in a data frame including N symbols, each consecutive M symbols includes 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M-1 payload symbols, N = M × Q. Among them, the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, the Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance, the order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. It can be seen that the present application designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the pilot symbols generated in the above manner have better autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics and satisfy DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to recover the signal quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0807] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a communication system used in an embodiment of the present application;

[0808] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an implementation method of the originating DSP processor in the embodiment of the present application;

[0809] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another implementation method of the originating DSP processor in the embodiment of the present application;

[0810] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0811] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data frame in an embodiment of the present application;

[0812] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of symbols on a constellation diagram in an embodiment of the present application;

[0813] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first pilot symbol generation structure in an embodiment of the present application;

[0814] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a second pilot symbol generation structure in an embodiment of the present application;

[0815] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another data frame in an embodiment of the present application;

[0816] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of a third pilot symbol generation structure in an embodiment of the present application;

[0817] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of a first implementation process of generating pilot symbols based on DP-16QAM modulation in an embodiment of the present application;

[0818] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the relevant characteristics corresponding to the pilot symbols in the embodiment of the present application;

[0819] Fig.13 A schematic diagram reflecting the autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics in the embodiment of the present application;

[0820] Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of a fourth pilot symbol generation structure in an embodiment of the present application;

[0821] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of a second implementation process of generating pilot symbols based on DP-16QAM modulation in an embodiment of the present application;

[0822] Fig.16Another schematic diagram of the relevant characteristics corresponding to the pilot symbols in the embodiment of the present application;

[0823] Fig.17 Another schematic diagram reflecting the autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics in the embodiment of the present application;

[0824] Fig.18 A schematic diagram of a transmission scenario of multiple data frame streams in an embodiment of the present application;

[0825] Fig.19 This is a schematic diagram of a fifth pilot symbol generation structure in an embodiment of the present application;

[0826] Fig. 20 This is a schematic diagram of a third implementation process of generating pilot symbols based on DP-16QAM modulation in an embodiment of the present application;

[0827] Fig.21 Another schematic diagram of the relevant characteristics corresponding to the pilot symbols in the embodiment of the present application;

[0828] Fig. 22 Another schematic diagram reflecting the autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics in the embodiment of the present application;

[0829] Fig.23 A schematic diagram of a structure of a data transmission device applied to a sending end in an embodiment of the present application;

[0830] Fig.24 A schematic diagram of a structure of a data transmission device applied to a receiving end in an embodiment of the present application;

[0831] Fig.25 Another structural schematic diagram of the data transmission device in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0832] The embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method and a data transmission device, and designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, which can be implemented with a relatively simple hardware structure. On the other hand, the generated pilot symbols have good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics and meet DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0833] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, rather than to limit a specific order or precedence. It should be understood that the above terms can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments described in this application can be implemented in a sequence other than the content described in this application. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0834] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a communication system used in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, at the transmitting end, the source provides the data stream to be sent. The encoder receives the data stream and encodes it. The codeword information obtained by encoding the check bits and information bits is sent to the transmitting end digital signal processing (DSP) processor for framing, and then transmitted through the channel to the receiving end. After the receiving end receives the distorted signal caused by noise or other damage in the channel, it is sent to the receiving end DSP processor for dispersion compensation, synchronization, phase recovery and other operations, and then decoded by the decoder to restore the original data and send it to the destination.

[0835] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation method of the DSP processor at the originating end in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, in a possible implementation, the transmitting end DSP processor performs symbol mapping on the received data sequence. Usually, the received data sequence is the information and check sequence obtained by the forward error correction code (Forward Error Correction, FEC). Among them, the symbol mapping method includes but is not limited to quadrature phase shift keying (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM). The transmitting end DSP processor also performs polarization symbol division on the data sequence to obtain dual-polarization (Dual-polarization, DP) symbols, for example, DP-QPSK, DP-8QAM, DP-16QAM, DP-32QAM and DP-64QAM, etc. For the convenience of introduction, the two polarization directions are uniformly recorded as X polarization direction and Y polarization direction respectively below, wherein the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction are mutually orthogonal. It should be understood that the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction are not two specified polarization directions, but two polarization directions that are arbitrarily orthogonal to each other.

[0836] Furthermore, the transmitting DSP processor performs the following framing processing on a certain number of dual-polarization symbols, specifically, inserting pilot symbols in the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction respectively to obtain a dual-polarization symbol sequence to be transmitted, which is called a frame. In this embodiment, it is called a data frame, and can also be called a DSP frame.

[0837] It should be noted that after symbol mapping, the symbols can also be interleaved, and the interleaved symbols can be subjected to the above-mentioned framing process. It should be understood that a dual-polarization symbol can be represented by two symbols, one of which is located in the X polarization direction and the other is located in the Y polarization direction. Each symbol can be represented by a complex number. For example, the symbol obtained by 16QAM modulation can be represented by any of the following 16 complex numbers, ±1±1j, ±1±3j, ±3±1j and ±3±3j, where ± represents a positive or negative value, such as ±3 represents 3 or -3. Among them, j represents an imaginary unit, and in some scenarios, the imaginary unit may also be represented by other symbols such as i, which is not limited here. In some cases, the real part and the imaginary part are normalized, but the essence does not change. Furthermore, a sequence with L dual-polarization symbols can be completely represented by two complex sequences of length L, one of which represents the symbol in the X polarization direction and the other represents the symbol in the Y polarization direction. Each complex sequence of length L is represented by a real sequence of length L (also called an I-path sequence) and an imaginary sequence of length L (also called a Q-path sequence), where L is an integer greater than 1. Therefore, there are 4 different types of sequences, including X-polarization I-path sequence, X-polarization Q-path sequence, Y-polarization I-path sequence, and Y-polarization Q-path sequence.

[0838] Figure 3 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another implementation method of the DSP processor at the originating end in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 As shown, different from Figure 2 In another possible implementation, the transmitting end DSP processor inserts the bits corresponding to the pilot symbols into the received data sequence according to the adopted symbol mapping rule before symbol mapping, and then obtains the bits corresponding to the pilot symbols through symbol mapping and polarization symbol division. Figure 2 At this time, before symbol mapping, the bit sequence after the bit corresponding to the above symbol is inserted can also be interleaved, and then the same as Figure 2 The same frame is shown for the operation.

[0839] It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific framing method adopted by the transmitting DSP processor. Figure 2 and Figure 3In addition to the framing method introduced, other similar framing methods are also applicable to this solution and will not be introduced here one by one.

[0840] Figure 4 A flow chart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the data transmission method is applied to the sending end, for example, specifically through the above Figure 1 The transmitting DSP processor implementation is shown.

[0841] 401. Generate a data frame.

[0842] It should be noted that the present application does not limit the specific implementation method of generating the data frame. For example, the above Figure 2 or Figure 3 The framing method described above, of course, other similar framing methods are also applicable to this solution, and will not be introduced here one by one. It should be understood that the data frame includes symbols in two polarization directions, and the structure of the data frame in the two polarization directions is similar. For example, the data frame includes N symbols in the X polarization direction and N symbols in the Y polarization direction. The structure of the data frame is introduced below using one of the polarization directions as an example.

[0843] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of a data frame in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, in one polarization direction, a data frame includes N symbols, and each of the N symbols includes 1 pilot symbol and M-1 payload symbols located at a fixed position, wherein N=M×Q, Q is an even number, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. That is, each of the N symbols can be regarded as a group, and the N symbols include a total of Q groups of symbols. For example, N=6144, M=64, Q=96, symbol 1-symbol 64 is the first group of 64 consecutive symbols, symbol 65-symbol 128 is the second group of 64 consecutive symbols, ..., symbol 6081-symbol 6144 is the 96th group of 64 consecutive symbols. It should be understood that the payload symbol can also be called a pre-framing symbol, which includes an information symbol and a check symbol encoded by FEC. At the receiving end, the pilot symbol can be used to assist in carrier phase recovery and can also be used to distinguish between two polarization directions.

[0844] It should be understood that the present application does not limit the specific position of the pilot symbol in each group of M symbols. As an example, each pilot symbol is located at the starting position of the consecutive M symbols, for example Figure 5 The first symbol in the data frame is shown as the first pilot symbol.

[0845] It should be noted that the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed. Each pilot symbol is one of -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, and A is a real number. Among them, the degree of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8, so that it has a lower hardware implementation complexity. In addition, the Q pilot symbols satisfy direct current balance, that is, the sum of the Q pilot symbols is 0, that is, the sum of the real parts of the complex numbers corresponding to the Q pilot symbols is 0, and the sum of the imaginary parts is also 0, which can achieve direct current balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0846] 402, send data frame

[0847] The sent data frame will be transmitted through the channel to the receiving end. The specific operations after the receiving end receives the data frame will not be described in detail in this application. For details, please refer to Figure 1 The system structure diagram shown.

[0848] The characteristics of the pilot symbols and the specific method of generating the pilot symbols are introduced in detail below.

[0849] In the embodiment of the present application, the value of A is determined by the modulation format used when generating symbols. In some practical application scenarios, -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj are symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used. For example, using QPSK, there are only four symbols, then A=±1, each pilot symbol can be represented by one of -1-1j, -1+1j, 1-1j and 1+1j, and in one frame, all four frame symbols represented by complex numbers will exist. When using 16QAM, there are 16 symbols on the constellation diagram, then A=±1 or ±3.

[0850] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of symbols on a constellation diagram in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown, when A=3 or -3, each pilot symbol can be represented by one of -3-3j, -3+3j, 3-3j and 3+3j, as shown in Figure 6 The hollow symbols shown. Similarly, when 64QAM is used, A = ±1 or ±3 or ±5 or ±7. It should be noted that a higher-order modulation format can also be used, which will not be described in detail in this application. In the actual transmission process, the pilot symbols use the outer 4 symbols on the constellation diagram to reduce the probability of symbol errors.

[0851] It should be noted that it is also possible to compress the symbols on the constellation diagram. Correspondingly, the value of A will also be compressed accordingly. Taking 16QAM as an example, the power of the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation diagram is normalized. At this time, the values ​​of the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation diagram become The value of A is or It is also possible to use other normalization methods, which are not limited in this application.

[0852] It should be understood that when the pilot symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj use the outermost 4 symbols of the constellation diagram, the sensitivity of the pilot symbols is higher, but the peak to average power ratio is larger; when the pilot symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj use the innermost 4 symbols of the constellation diagram, the pilot noise is smaller, but its sensitivity is lower.

[0853] It should be noted that in some practical application scenarios, the pilot symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj may not be symbols on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used, but may be 4 symbols in the middle area between the outermost 4 symbols and the innermost 4 symbols of the constellation diagram. In this case, the pilot symbol noise and sensitivity are average, but the peak-to-average power ratio is relatively low. Taking 16QAM as an example, the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation diagram are {±1±1j, ±1±3j, ±3±1j, ±3±3j}, and the value of the real number A satisfies 1≤A≤3, for example, the real number

[0854] In addition, the two polarization directions are orthogonal to each other, that is, when one of the polarization directions is X polarization, the other polarization direction is Y polarization; when one of the polarization directions is Y polarization, the other polarization direction is X polarization.

[0855] In the data frame, the sequence of Q pilot symbols in the X polarization direction is different from the sequence of Q pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction. For example, if the sequence of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction is -A-Aj, -A-Aj, A+Aj, A-Aj, then in the same order, the sequence of pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction cannot be the same, but can be -A-Aj, -A-Aj, A+Aj, A+Aj, with one difference, to avoid the problem that the receiving end cannot distinguish the two polarization directions in actual transmission.

[0856] In the embodiment of the present application, when the target polynomial adopts a 10th-order polynomial, the 10th-order polynomial can be expressed as:

[0857] x 10+a9×x 9 +a8×x 8 +a7×x 7 +a6×x 6 +a5×x 5 +a4×x 4 +a3×x 3 +a2×x 2 +a1×x+1; where a9…a1 can take the value 0 or 1, and the number of non-zero values ​​in a9…a1 is not greater than 6. Figure 7 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the first pilot symbol generation structure in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, each box can be regarded as a storage unit, and the number of storage units is the same as the number of bits in the preloaded seed, that is, each storage unit is used to input the corresponding bit in the seed. For example, the seed length is 10 bits, which can be represented in binary form as m9, m8, m7, m6, m5, m4, m3, m2, m1, m0, and the corresponding 10 storage units are used. Of course, the seed can also be represented in hexadecimal or decimal, and it needs to be converted to binary when operating with the target polynomial, such as: 0110111000 is represented as 0x1B8 in hexadecimal and 440 in decimal.

[0858] It should be noted that the polynomial x 10 +a9×x 9 +a8×x 8 +a7×x 7 +a6×x 6 +a5×x 5 +a4×x 4 +a3×x 3 +a2×x 2 +a1×x+1 is sometimes written as x^10+a9×(x^9)+a8×(x^8)+a7×(x^7)+a6×(x^6)+a5×(x^5)+a4×(x^4)+a3×(x^3)+a2×(x^2)+a1×x+1.

[0859] When the target polynomial adopts a 9th-order polynomial, the 9th-order polynomial can be expressed as:

[0860] x 9 +a8×x 8 +a7×x 7 +a6×x 6 +a5×x 5 +a4×x 4 +a3×x 3 +a2×x 2 +a1×x+1; where a8…a1 can take the value 0 or 1, and the number of non-zero values ​​in a8…a1 is not greater than 6.

[0861] Figure 8 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second pilot symbol generation structure in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 As shown, the seed length is 9 bits, which can be represented in binary form as m8, m7, m6, m5, m4, m3, m2, m1, m0. Of course, the seed can also be represented in hexadecimal or decimal, and needs to be converted into binary form when operating with the target polynomial.

[0862] It should be noted that an algebraic expression composed of several monomials added (or subtracted) is called a polynomial. Each monomial in a polynomial is called a term of the polynomial, and the degree (also called the number of times) of the highest term in these monomials is the order of the polynomial. The number of terms in a polynomial refers to the number of monomials whose coefficients are not 0; for example, the number of terms in the 10th-order polynomial above is equal to the number of non-zero terms in a9…a1 plus 2.

[0863] In an embodiment of the present application, the same target generating polynomial can be used for pilot symbols in two orthogonal polarization directions. However, since the seeds used in the two polarization directions are different, correspondingly, the pilot symbols output in the two polarization directions are not exactly the same.

[0864] exist Figure 7 or Figure 8 In the scenario where Q pilot symbols need to be generated, a continuous bit sequence b0, b1, b2, ... b with a bit length of 2Q is obtained according to the target polynomial and the seed. 2Q；1 The above bit sequence is also called a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS). The bit sequence generated by a 9th-order polynomial is also called PRBS9, and the bit sequence generated by a 10th-order polynomial is also called PRBS10. The bit sequence b0, b1, b2, ... b 2Q；1 Every two consecutive bits are mapped into one symbol, where b 2t and b 2t:1 Mapped to a symbol (2b 2t -1)A+(2b 2t:1 -1)Aj,0≤t <Q。

[0865] In the embodiment of the present application, the target polynomial and seed can be determined by designing the values ​​of coefficients a9…a1 in the 10th order polynomial or the values ​​of coefficients a8…a1 in the 9th order polynomial, so that the generated pilot symbol sequence has a better autocorrelation characteristic in the X polarization direction or the Y polarization direction, and the pilot symbol sequence has a better cross-correlation characteristic in the two polarization directions. In addition, by selecting a suitable target polynomial and seed, the Q pilot symbols can achieve DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of the signal recovery at the receiving end.

[0866] It should be noted that the data frame considered in the embodiment of the present invention only includes pilot symbols and payload symbols (also called pre-framing symbols). This DSP frame structure is different from other existing DSP superframe structures, in which the DSP superframe usually includes multiple types of symbols, such as frame synchronization symbols used for frame synchronization and distinguishing between two polarization directions, training symbols used for link training, and pilot symbols used for carrier phase recovery. Therefore, in the receiving end processing corresponding to the DSP frame considered by the present invention, the pilot symbol is not only used to assist in carrier phase recovery, but also needs to be used to distinguish between two polarization directions and for frame synchronization. The receiving end obtains 4 data streams, namely the real sequence data stream in the X polarization direction, the imaginary sequence data stream in the X polarization direction, the real sequence data stream in the Y polarization direction, and the imaginary sequence data stream in the Y polarization direction; the pilot symbol is needed to distinguish the real or imaginary sequence in the X polarization direction or the Y polarization direction corresponding to each data stream. In the embodiment of the present invention, the target polynomial and the seed are determined by designing the values ​​of the coefficients a9 ... a1 in the 10th order polynomial or the values ​​of the coefficients a8 ... a1 in the 9th order polynomial, so that the real sequence (also called I path) and the imaginary sequence (also called Q path) of the pilot symbol sequence in the two polarization directions generated have good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics. More specifically, the real sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction, the imaginary sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction, the real sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction, and the imaginary sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction, a total of 4 sequences with a length of Q bits have good autocorrelation characteristics and good cross-correlation characteristics.

[0867] It should be noted that from Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can be seen that the order of the target polynomial and the number of non-zero terms in the coefficients will affect the complexity of the pilot symbol generation structure. In the embodiment of the present application, when designing the target polynomial, it is necessary to constrain the polynomial order to be no more than 10, and the number of non-zero terms in the polynomial to be no more than 8. When selecting a polynomial, the order and number of non-zero terms of the target polynomial need to be selected as small as possible, so that the complexity of the pilot symbol generation structure is low and the power consumption is low. It should also be noted that, given a target polynomial, there may not be a seed that can make the autocorrelation and cross-correlation of the pilot symbol sequence determined by the target polynomial and the seed better. Therefore, the selection of the target polynomial is not just to select the minimum order and the number of non-zero terms, but also to consider whether a corresponding seed can be selected to make the generated pilot symbol sequence, and the autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics of its real part sequence and imaginary part sequence better, so as to facilitate the receiving end to recover the signal quality.

[0868] In a possible implementation, the target polynomial is one of the following Table 1.

[0869] Table 1

[0870]

[0871]

[0872] In the embodiment of the present application, polynomials with an order less than or equal to 10, especially 9th or 10th order polynomials, mainly higher order polynomials, cannot significantly improve the sequence autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics of the generated pilot symbols. Although lower order polynomials, such as 6th order and 7th order polynomials, have lower implementation complexity, the sequence autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics of the generated pilot symbols are usually improved. Moreover, considering the number of polynomial terms not greater than 8, especially 9th or 10th order polynomials with 5 or 7 terms, they have lower hardware implementation complexity.

[0873] In a possible implementation, taking N=6144, M=64, Q=96 as an example, the correspondence between the target polynomial, the seed in the X polarization direction, and the seed in the Y polarization direction is one of the following Table 2. This enables the generated 96 pilot symbols to have good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics in the X polarization direction or the Y polarization direction.

[0874] Table 2

[0875]

[0876]

[0877]

[0878]

[0879]

[0880] It should be noted that when designing the target polynomial, the polynomial order must be constrained to be no more than 10, and the number of non-zero terms in the polynomial must be no more than 8. When selecting a polynomial, the order and number of non-zero terms of the target polynomial must be as small as possible, so that the complexity of the pilot symbol generation structure is low and the power consumption is low. Considering that given a target polynomial, there may not be a seed that can make the autocorrelation and cross-correlation of the pilot symbol sequence determined by the target polynomial and the seed better. Therefore, the selection of the target polynomial is not just about selecting the smallest order and number of non-zero terms. It is also necessary to consider whether a corresponding seed can be selected so that the generated pilot symbol sequence, as well as its real sequence and imaginary sequence, have better autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics, so as to facilitate the quality of the signal recovery at the receiving end.

[0881] Furthermore, in one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols in the data frame that are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj or A+Aj differs from each other by less than or equal to 2. And the number of pilot symbols that are -A-Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A+Aj, and the number of pilot symbols that are -A+Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A-Aj, which effectively ensures that the number of symbols in each polarization direction is close to balance, and can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of signal recovery at the receiving end. For example, Q=96, the number of pilot symbols that are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj can be 23, 25, 25, and 23, respectively, and the difference between them is less than or equal to 2.

[0882] In one possible implementation, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Alternatively, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Alternatively, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Alternatively, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is in, Indicates that the positive real number a is rounded down. For example, Q=96, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj can be 24, 24, 24, 24, respectively, or the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj can be 23, 25, 25, 23, respectively, or the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj can be 25, 23, 23, 25, respectively.

[0883] Furthermore, in the two polarization directions, the sum of the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is Q / 2, the sum of the number of pilot symbols -A+Aj is Q / 2, the sum of the number of pilot symbols A-Aj is Q / 2, and the sum of the number of pilot symbols A+Aj is Q / 2, which effectively ensures the balance of the number of symbols. In addition, it can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0884] In a possible implementation manner, in the X polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is In the Y polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is

[0885] In another possible implementation manner, in the X polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is In the Y polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is

[0886] Furthermore, in one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in a data frame is less than or equal to 4. The pilot symbol sequence obtained under such conditions is helpful to improve the signal quality recovered by the receiving end.

[0887] Several specific embodiments are introduced below by taking N=6144, M=64, Q=96 as an example.

[0888] Embodiment 1: An implementation method in which the order of the polynomial is 9.

[0889] Fig. 9This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another data frame in the embodiment of the present application. Considering dual-polarization DP-16QAM modulation, 96×63=6048 dual-polarization payload symbols are obtained by BCH (126, 110) encoding and DP-16QAM dual-polarization modulation; inserting a pilot symbol in front of every 63 symbols in the 6048 payload symbols, a total of 96 pilot symbols are inserted, and the following is obtained: Fig. 9 The data frame (also called DSP frame) structure shown in FIG. 1 is N=6144, M=64, and Q=96. In the X polarization direction or the Y polarization direction, 96 pilot symbols are generated according to the target polynomial and the seed. Specifically, for the scenario where 96 pilot symbols need to be generated, a continuous bit sequence b0, b1, b2, ... b1 with a bit length of 96 × 2 = 192 is obtained according to the target polynomial and the seed. 191 The bit sequence b0,b1,b2,…b 191 Every two consecutive bits are mapped into one symbol, where b 2t and b 2t:1 Mapped to a symbol (2b 2t -1)A+(2b 2t:1 -1)Aj. It should be noted that the symbol (2b 2t -1)A+(2b 2t:1 -1) Aj may not be a symbol on the constellation diagram of the modulation format used, but may be 4 symbols in the middle area between the outermost 4 symbols and the innermost 4 symbols of the constellation diagram of the modulation format used.

[0890] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the third pilot symbol generation structure in the embodiment of the present application. 9 +x 4 +x 3 +x+1, the seed in the X polarization direction is 0x049, and the seed in the Y polarization direction is 0x115, that is, the item with sequence number 3 in Table 2 is used, and the generation process of 96 pilot symbols in each of the two polarization directions is as follows: Fig.10 shown.

[0891] In the X polarization direction, the input seed is 0x049, which is converted into a binary sequence of 001001001, that is, the value from m8 to m0. If the two bits output in sequence are 1 and 0, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is A-Aj; if the two bits output in sequence are 0 and 0, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is -A-Aj; if the two bits output in sequence are 1 and 1, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is A+Aj; if the two bits output in sequence are 0 and 1, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is -A+Aj. By analogy, 96 pilot symbols in the X polarization direction can be obtained.

[0892] In the Y polarization direction, the input polarization seed is 0x115, which is converted into a binary sequence of 100010101, that is, the value from m8 to m0. If the two bits 1 and 0 are output in sequence, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is A-Aj. If the two bits 0 and 0 are output in sequence, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is -A-Aj. If the two bits 1 and 1 are output in sequence, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is A+Aj. If the two bits 0 and 1 are output in sequence, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is -A+Aj. By analogy, 96 pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction can be obtained.

[0893] Specifically, the 96 pilot symbols in each of the two polarization directions are shown in the following Table 3:

[0894] Table 3

[0895]

[0896]

[0897] In the X polarization direction, the numbers of pilot symbols are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj, which are 25, 23, 23, and 25, respectively; in the Y polarization direction, the numbers of pilot symbols are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj, which are 23, 25, 25, and 23, respectively. In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols in a data frame that are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, or A+Aj differs from each other by less than or equal to 2. The number of pilot symbols that are -A-Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A+Aj, and the number of pilot symbols that are -A+Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A-Aj, which effectively ensures that the number of symbols in each polarization direction is close to balance, and can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance. Furthermore, in the X and Y polarization directions, the sum of the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj, the sum of the number of -A+Aj, the sum of the number of A-Aj, and the sum of the number of A+Aj are all 48, which effectively ensures the balance of the number of symbols and is beneficial to the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0898] Fig.11 The first implementation flow diagram of generating pilot symbols based on DP-16QAM modulation in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Considering DP-16QAM modulation, the generation method of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction is as follows: Fig.11 As shown, the order of the generating polynomial is 9, which is called PRBS9.

[0899] Fig.12FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relevant characteristics corresponding to the pilot symbols in the embodiment of the present application. Fig.12 (a) shows the periodic autocorrelation result of the sequence of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction. Fig.12 (b) in FIG. 1 shows the periodic autocorrelation result of the sequence of pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction. Fig.12 (c) shows the periodic cross-correlation results of the pilot symbol sequences in the two polarization directions of X and Y. The normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value of the periodic autocorrelation function of the symbol sequence in the two polarization directions is not greater than 0.222, and the normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value of the periodic cross-correlation function of the symbol sequence in the two polarization directions is not greater than 0.193.

[0900] Fig.13 A schematic diagram reflecting the autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics in an embodiment of the present application. The real sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction is recorded as (X_I), the imaginary sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction is recorded as (X_Q), the real sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction is recorded as (Y_I), and the imaginary sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction is recorded as (Y_Q). Fig.13 The autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics of the four sequences X_I, X_Q, Y_I, and Y_Q, each with a length of Q bits, are shown. Fig.13 (a) shows the periodic autocorrelation results of the real part sequence in the X polarization direction (X_I), the imaginary part sequence in the X polarization direction (X_Q), the real part sequence in the Y polarization direction (Y_I), and the imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction (Y_Q). Fig.13 (b) shows the periodic cross-correlation results of the real sequence in the X polarization direction and the real sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_I&Y_I), the real sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary sequence in the X polarization direction (X_I&X_Q), the real sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_I&Y_Q), the imaginary sequence in the X polarization direction and the real sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_Q&Y_I), the real sequence in the Y polarization direction and the imaginary sequence in the Y polarization direction (Y_I&Y_Q), and the imaginary sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_Q&Y_Q). The absolute values ​​of the normalized amplitudes of the sidelobe values ​​of the periodic autocorrelation function and the periodic cross-correlation function are both less than 0.2917.

[0901] The receiving end uses the PS pilot sequence to perform DSP recovery of the signal based on the received signals in the two polarization directions. For example, by calculating the correlation values ​​between the received signal and the real / imaginary sequence of the PS pilot sequence in the X polarization direction and the real / imaginary sequence in the Y polarization direction, the X / Y polarization direction and the real / imaginary part can be distinguished, and frame synchronization alignment can be performed. At the same time, the PS pilot signal is used to recover the carrier phase. The designed pilot symbol sequence has good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics, meets DC balance, and is beneficial for the receiving end to improve the quality of the recovered signal.

[0902] Embodiment 2: An implementation method in which the order of the polynomial is 10.

[0903] Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the fourth pilot symbol generation structure in the embodiment of the present application. 10 +x 9 +x 4 +x+1, the seed in the X polarization direction is 0x12A, and the seed in the Y polarization direction is 0x039, that is, the item with sequence number 36 in Table 2 is used, and the generation process of 96 pilot symbols in each of the two polarization directions is as follows: Fig.14 shown.

[0904] In the X polarization direction, the input polarization seed is 0x12A, which is converted into a binary sequence of 0100101010, that is, the value from m9 to m0. If the two bits output in sequence are 1 and 0, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is A-Aj; if the two bits output in sequence are 0 and 0, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is -A-Aj; if the two bits output in sequence are 1 and 1, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is A+Aj; if the two bits output in sequence are 0 and 1, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is -A+Aj. By analogy, 96 pilot symbols in the X polarization direction can be obtained.

[0905] In the Y polarization direction, the input polarization seed is 0x039, which is converted into a binary sequence of 0000111001, that is, the value from m9 to m0. If the two bits output in sequence are 1 and 0, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is A-Aj; if the two bits output in sequence are 0 and 0, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is -A-Aj; if the two bits output in sequence are 1 and 1, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is A+Aj; if the two bits output in sequence are 0 and 1, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is -A+Aj. By analogy, 96 pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction can be obtained.

[0906] Specifically, the 96 pilot symbols in each of the two polarization directions are shown in the following Table 4:

[0907] Table 4

[0908]

[0909]

[0910] In the X polarization direction, the numbers of pilot symbols are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj, which are 25, 23, 23, and 25, respectively; in the Y polarization direction, the numbers of pilot symbols are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj, which are 23, 25, 25, and 23, respectively. In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols in a data frame that are -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, or A+Aj differs from each other by less than or equal to 2. The number of pilot symbols that are -A-Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A+Aj, and the number of pilot symbols that are -A+Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols that are A-Aj, which effectively ensures that the number of symbols in each polarization direction is close to balance, and can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance. Furthermore, in the X and Y polarization directions, the sum of the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj, the sum of the number of -A+Aj, the sum of the number of A-Aj, and the sum of the number of A+Aj are all 48, which effectively ensures the balance of the number of symbols and is beneficial to the receiving end to restore the signal quality.

[0911] Fig.15 The second implementation flow diagram of generating pilot symbols based on DP-16QAM modulation in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Considering DP-16QAM modulation, the generation method of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction is as follows: Fig.15 As shown, the order of the generating polynomial is 10, called PRBS10.

[0912] Fig.16 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relevant characteristics corresponding to the pilot symbols in the embodiment of the present application. Fig.15 (a) in FIG. 1 shows the periodic autocorrelation result of the sequence of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction. Fig.15 (b) in FIG. 1 shows the periodic autocorrelation result of the sequence of pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction. Fig.15 (c) in FIG. 1 shows the periodic cross-correlation results of the sequence of pilot symbols in the two polarization directions of X and Y. The normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value of the periodic autocorrelation function of the symbol sequence in the two polarization directions is not greater than 0.193, and the normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value of the periodic cross-correlation function of the symbol sequence in the two polarization directions is not greater than 0.251.

[0913] Fig.17Another schematic diagram reflecting the autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics in the embodiment of the present application. Among them, the real part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction is recorded as (X_I), the imaginary part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction is recorded as (X_Q), the real part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction is recorded as (Y_I), and the imaginary part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction is recorded as (Y_Q). Fig.17 The autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics of the four sequences X_I, X_Q, Y_I, and Y_Q, each with a length of Q bits, are shown. Fig.17 (a) in the figure shows the periodic autocorrelation results of the real part sequence in the X polarization direction (X_I), the imaginary part sequence in the X polarization direction (X_Q), the real part sequence in the Y polarization direction (Y_I) and the imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction (Y_Q). Fig.17 (b) shows the periodic cross-correlation results of the real sequence in the X polarization direction and the real sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_I&Y_I), the real sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary sequence in the X polarization direction (X_I&X_Q), the real sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_I&Y_Q), the imaginary sequence in the X polarization direction and the real sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_Q&Y_I), the real sequence in the Y polarization direction and the imaginary sequence in the Y polarization direction (Y_I&Y_Q), and the imaginary sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_Q&Y_Q). The absolute values ​​of the normalized amplitudes of the sidelobe values ​​of the periodic autocorrelation function and the periodic cross-correlation function are both less than 0.2917.

[0914] The receiving end uses the PS pilot sequence to perform DSP recovery of the signal based on the received signals in the two polarization directions. For example, by calculating the correlation values ​​between the received signal and the real / imaginary sequence of the PS pilot sequence in the X polarization direction and the real / imaginary sequence in the Y polarization direction, the X / Y polarization direction and the real / imaginary part can be distinguished, and frame synchronization alignment can be performed. At the same time, the PS pilot signal is used to recover the carrier phase. The designed pilot symbol sequence has good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics, meets DC balance, and is beneficial for the receiving end to improve the quality of the recovered signal.

[0915] To summarize the above introduction, in an embodiment of the present application, in a data frame including N symbols, each consecutive M symbols includes 1 pilot symbol and M-1 payload symbols located at a fixed position, N = M × Q. Among them, the Q pilot symbols in the data frame are generated by a target polynomial and a seed, the Q pilot symbols satisfy DC balance, the order of the target polynomial is less than or equal to 10, and the number of terms of the target polynomial is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 8. It can be seen that the present application designs a relatively simple target polynomial to generate pilot symbols, and correspondingly, a relatively simple hardware structure can be used to implement it. On the other hand, the pilot symbols generated in the above manner have better autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics, and satisfy DC balance, which is beneficial for the receiving end to recover the signal quality.

[0916] It should be noted that at present, the communication architecture of some optical transmission networks supports transmission rates of 400Gbps and 800Gbps. At a transmission rate of 400Gbps, the corresponding baud rate required under dual-polarization-16QAM modulation (DP-16QAM) is usually about 60G baud. At a transmission rate of 800Gbps, the corresponding baud rate required under DP-16QAM modulation is usually about 120G baud. With the growth of business, the requirements for transmission rates in metropolitan area telecommunication transmission and data center transmission scenarios are getting higher and higher. For example, for transmission rates of 1.2Tbps and 1.6Tbps, the corresponding baud rates are about 180Gbaud and 240Gbaud under DP-16QAM modulation and single-wave transmission. At the same transmission rate, using lower-order modulation, such as DP-quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), requires a higher baud rate. Using higher-order modulation, such as DP-32QAM or DP-64QAM, although the required baud rate is lower, the transmission distance will be limited. The higher the transmission rate required in the optical transmission network, the higher the corresponding baud rate is usually, and the corresponding device power consumption is higher. There are currently no low-power devices with high baud rates greater than 140G baud. For metropolitan telecommunications transmission and data center transmission scenarios, low power consumption is usually required. By carrying multiple data frames on multiple optical signals for transmission, data streams are transmitted in parallel, and the overall transmission rate can be improved while maintaining the current baud rate and modulation order. For example, the wavelengths of multiple optical signals are different, and multiple optical signals of different wavelengths are transmitted on the same optical fiber, which is also called wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). For another example, multiple optical signals are transmitted through multiple different optical fibers, which is also called parallel single mode (PSM). The following embodiments do not require devices with higher baud rates and can be applied to metropolitan telecommunications transmission and data center transmission scenarios that require low power consumption.

[0917] Embodiment 3:

[0918] Consider two data frames, a first data frame and a second data frame. The structures of the first data frame and the second data frame can be referred to Fig. 9Schematic diagram of the data frame structure. Considering dual-polarization DP-16QAM modulation, 96×63=6048 dual-polarization payload symbols are obtained through BCH (126,110) encoding and DP-16QAM dual-polarization modulation. Insert a pilot symbol before every 63 symbols in the 6048 payload symbols, and insert a total of 96 pilot symbols, and get the following Fig. 9 A data frame (also called DSP frame) structure is shown, that is, N=6144, M=64, Q=96. In the X polarization direction or the Y polarization direction, 96 pilot symbols are generated according to the target polynomial and the seed. For the first data frame, in the X polarization direction, 96 pilot symbols are generated according to the first target polynomial and the first seed; in the Y polarization direction, 96 pilot symbols are generated according to the first target polynomial and the second seed. For the second data frame, in the X polarization direction, 96 pilot symbols are generated according to the second target polynomial and the third seed; in the Y polarization direction, 96 pilot symbols are generated according to the second target polynomial and the fourth seed.

[0919] Fig.18 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the transmission scenario of multiple data frame streams in the embodiment of the present application. In the present embodiment, two dual-polarization symbol streams are obtained through BCH (126, 110) encoding and DP-16QAM dual-polarization modulation. Each of the dual-polarization symbol streams inserts one pilot symbol in front of every 63 symbols in every 6048 payload symbols according to the above-mentioned framing scheme, and a total of 96 pilot symbols are inserted to obtain a data frame. That is to say, the first data frame is located in one of the two dual-polarization symbol streams, and one data frame stream is obtained through the framing. The second data frame is located in another dual-polarization symbol stream of the two dual-polarization symbol streams, and another data frame stream is obtained through the framing. The two data frame streams are carried on the multi-path optical signal for transmission, such as Fig.18 As shown in example (a), in this embodiment, two data frame flows are transmitted on different wavelengths. For the 1.6TE scenario, the rate of each data frame flow is about 800G bits per second.

[0920] In this embodiment, the first target polynomial and the second target polynomial use the same target polynomial. The first seed and the third seed are the same, referred to as the seed in the X polarization direction. The second seed and the fourth seed are the same, referred to as the seed in the Y polarization direction. That is, the same 96 pilot symbols are used in the first data frame and the second data frame. Considering the 9th order target polynomial is x 9 +x 8 +x 5 +x 4+1, the seed in the X polarization direction is 0x175, and the seed in the Y polarization direction is 0x03D, that is, the item with the sequence number 23 in Table 2 is used, and the generation process of the 96 pilot symbols in the two polarization directions is as follows: Fig.19 shown.

[0921] Fig.19 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth pilot symbol generation structure in an embodiment of the present application. In the X polarization direction, the input seed is 0x175, which is converted to a binary sequence of 101110101, that is, the value from m8 to m0. If the two bits output continuously in sequence are 1 and 0, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is A-Aj. If the two bits output continuously in sequence are 0 and 0, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is -A-Aj. If the two bits output continuously in sequence are 1 and 1, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is A+Aj. If the two bits output continuously in sequence are 0 and 1, the pilot symbol in the X polarization direction is -A+Aj. By analogy, 96 pilot symbols in the X polarization direction can be obtained.

[0922] In the Y polarization direction, the input polarization seed is 0x03D, which is converted into a binary sequence of 000111101, that is, the value from m8 to m0. If the two bits 1 and 0 are output continuously in sequence, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is A-Aj. If the two bits 0 and 0 are output continuously in sequence, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is -A-Aj. If the two bits 1 and 1 are output continuously in sequence, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is A+Aj. If the two bits 0 and 1 are output continuously in sequence, the pilot symbol in the Y polarization direction is -A+Aj. By analogy, 96 pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction can be obtained.

[0923] Specifically, the 96 pilot symbols in each of the two polarization directions are shown in the following Table 5:

[0924] Table 5

[0925]

[0926]

[0927] In the X polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols is -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj, which are all 24; in the Y polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols is -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj, which are 25, 23, 23, and 25, respectively. In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols in the data frame is -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, or A+Aj, which differs from each other by less than or equal to 2. And the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A+Aj, and the number of pilot symbols -A+Aj is the same as the number of pilot symbols A-Aj, which effectively ensures that the number of symbols in each polarization direction is close to balance, and can also ensure that the sequence composed of pilot symbols achieves DC balance, which is beneficial to the quality of signal recovery at the receiving end.

[0928] Fig. 20 The third implementation flow diagram of generating pilot symbols based on DP-16QAM modulation in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Considering DP-16QAM modulation, the generation method of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction is as follows: Fig. 20 As shown, the order of the generating polynomial is 9, which is called PRBS9.

[0929] Fig.21 FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of the relevant characteristics corresponding to the pilot symbols in the embodiment of the present application. Fig.21 (a) in FIG. 1 shows the periodic autocorrelation result of the sequence of pilot symbols in the X polarization direction. Fig.21 (b) in FIG. 1 shows the periodic autocorrelation result of the sequence of pilot symbols in the Y polarization direction. Fig.21 (c) shows the periodic cross-correlation results of the sequence of pilot symbols in the two polarization directions of X and Y. The normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value of the periodic autocorrelation function of the symbol sequence in the two polarization directions is not greater than 0.180, and the normalized amplitude of the sidelobe value of the periodic cross-correlation function of the symbol sequence in the two polarization directions is not greater than 0.225.

[0930] Fig. 22 Another schematic diagram reflecting the autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics in the embodiment of the present application. Among them, the real part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction is recorded as (X_I), the imaginary part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the X polarization direction is recorded as (X_Q), the real part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction is recorded as (Y_I), and the imaginary part sequence of the pilot symbol sequence in the Y polarization direction is recorded as (Y_Q). Fig. 22 The autocorrelation characteristics and cross-correlation characteristics of the four sequences X_I, X_Q, Y_I, and Y_Q, each with a length of Q bits, are shown. Fig. 22(a) in the figure shows the periodic autocorrelation results of the real part sequence in the X polarization direction (X_I), the imaginary part sequence in the X polarization direction (X_Q), the real part sequence in the Y polarization direction (Y_I) and the imaginary part sequence in the Y polarization direction (Y_Q). Fig. 22 (b) shows the periodic cross-correlation results of the real sequence in the X polarization direction and the real sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_I&Y_I), the real sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary sequence in the X polarization direction (X_I&X_Q), the real sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_I&Y_Q), the imaginary sequence in the X polarization direction and the real sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_Q&Y_I), the real sequence in the Y polarization direction and the imaginary sequence in the Y polarization direction (Y_I&Y_Q), and the imaginary sequence in the X polarization direction and the imaginary sequence in the Y polarization direction (X_Q&Y_Q). The absolute values ​​of the normalized amplitudes of the sidelobe values ​​of the periodic autocorrelation function and the periodic cross-correlation function are both less than 0.292.

[0931] The receiving end uses the PS pilot sequence to perform DSP recovery of the signal based on the received signals in the two polarization directions. For example, by calculating the correlation values ​​of the real and imaginary sequences of the received signal and the PS pilot sequence in the X polarization direction, and the correlation values ​​of the real and imaginary sequences in the Y polarization direction, the X polarization direction and the Y polarization direction as well as the real and imaginary parts can be distinguished, and frame synchronization alignment can be performed. At the same time, the PS pilot signal is used to recover the carrier phase. The designed pilot symbol sequence has good autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics, meets DC balance, and is beneficial for the receiving end to improve the quality of the recovered signal.

[0932] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, two data frame streams are considered to be transmitted on different wavelengths, and the 96 pilot symbols on each data frame stream are generated using the same target polynomial. In other specific applications, the pilot symbol sequences on the two data frame streams are generated using different target polynomials. In other specific applications, the pilot symbol sequences on the two data frame streams are generated using the same target polynomial and different seeds. In other specific applications, the two data frame streams are transmitted on two optical fibers.

[0933] It should be noted that in some other specific applications, the number of data frame flows is greater than 2, such as Fig.18As shown in (b), W dual-polarization symbol streams are obtained after FEC encoding and modulation. Each of the dual-polarization symbol streams inserts 1 pilot symbol in front of each M-1 symbol in each (M-1)×Q payload symbols according to the above-mentioned framing scheme, and inserts Q pilot symbols in total to obtain a data frame, resulting in a total of W data frame streams. The W data frame streams are carried on multiple optical signals for transmission. For example, the W data frame streams are respectively carried on W optical signals. As an example, the wavelengths of any two optical signals in the W optical signals are different, and the W optical signals are transmitted in the same optical fiber. As another example, the wavelength of each optical signal in the W optical signals is the same, and the W optical signals are respectively transmitted through W optical fibers.

[0934] The following describes a data transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0935] Fig.23 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a data transmission device applied to a transmitting end in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.23 As shown, the data transmission device includes a processing unit 101 and a sending unit 102. The processing unit 101 is used to execute the above Figure 4 The operation of step 401 in the embodiment shown. The sending unit 102 is used to perform the above Figure 4 The operation of step 402 in the embodiment shown in the figure can be referred to above for specific operation. Figure 4 The relevant introduction of the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0936] Fig.24 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a data transmission device applied to a receiving end in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.24 As shown, the data transmission device includes a processing unit 201 and a receiving unit 202. The receiving unit 202 is used to receive a data frame transmitted through a channel from a transmitting end. The processing unit 201 is used to perform operations such as dispersion compensation, synchronization, and phase recovery.

[0937] It should be understood that the device provided in the present application can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the unit division in the above-mentioned device is only a logical functional division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system. In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated in a processing unit, or it can be each independent physical unit, or two or more functional units can be integrated in a processing unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0938] Fig.25 FIG. 2 is another structural diagram of the data transmission device in the embodiment of the present application. Fig.25As shown, the data transmission device includes a processor 301, a memory 302 and a transceiver 303. The processor 301, the memory 302 and the transceiver 303 are connected to each other through a line. Among them, the memory 302 is used to store program instructions and data. Specifically, the transceiver 303 is used to perform data transmission and reception operations, and the processor 301 is used to perform other operations except data transmission and reception. In a possible implementation, the processor 301 may include the above Fig.23 The processing unit 101 shown in the figure, the transceiver 303 includes the above Fig.23 In another possible implementation, the processor 301 may include the above Fig.24 The processing unit 201 and the transceiver 303 shown include the above Fig.24 The receiving unit 202 is shown.

[0939] It should be noted that the above Fig.25 The processor shown in the figure may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof. Fig.25 The memory shown in can store operating systems and other applications. When the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are implemented by software or firmware, the program code for implementing the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application is stored in the memory and executed by the processor. In one embodiment, the processor may include a memory. In another embodiment, the processor and the memory are two independent structures.

[0940] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0941] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps to implement the above embodiments may be accomplished by hardware, or by a program to instruct the relevant hardware to accomplish the steps, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc. Whether the above functions are executed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0942] When software is used for implementation, the method steps described in the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website site, a computer, a server, or a data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode to another website site, computer, server, or data center. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or a data center that includes one or more available media integrations. The available medium may be a magnetic medium, (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid-state hard disk Solid State Disk (SSD)), etc.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that: include: Generate a data frame, wherein in one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols, each consecutive M symbols of the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M-1 payload symbols, N=M×Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the Q pilot symbols are a symbol sequence generated by a target polynomial and a seed, and the target polynomial is x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1; the seed in one polarization direction is 0x175, and the seed in the other polarization direction is 0x03D; The data frame is sent.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Each of the pilot symbols is located at a starting position among the consecutive M symbols.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A sequence including Q pilot symbols in a first polarization direction is different from a sequence including Q pilot symbols in a second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that Q＝96。 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The sum of the Q pilot symbols is 0.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The generating of the data frame specifically comprises: Performing symbol mapping and polarization symbol division on the received data sequence to obtain symbol sequences in two polarization directions; The pilot symbol is inserted into the symbol sequence in each polarization direction to obtain the data frame.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The generating of the data frame specifically comprises: Inserting bits corresponding to the pilot symbol into a received data sequence to obtain a first sequence; Symbol mapping and polarization symbol division are performed on the first sequence to obtain the data frame.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that In one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that In one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, A=-1, 1, -3, 3, or 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that Each of the pilot symbols is one of four complex numbers, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, where A is a real number. The number of pilot symbols in the data frame, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj, differs from each other by less than or equal to 2.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is or, In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is in, Indicates that the positive real number a is rounded down.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that The Q is 96; The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are: A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj; The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are successively as follows: A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,- A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj ,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-A j,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+ Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A +Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that N=6144, M=64.

14. A data transmission method, characterized in that: include: Receive a data frame, where in one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols, where each consecutive M symbols of the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M-1 payload symbols, N=M×Q, where Q is an even number, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the Q pilot symbols are a symbol sequence generated by a target polynomial and a seed, where the target polynomial is x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, and the seed in one polarization direction is 0x175, and the seed in the other polarization direction is 0x03D; The data frame is processed.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that Each of the pilot symbols is located at a starting position among the consecutive M symbols, Q=96.

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that In one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that Each of the pilot symbols is one of four complex numbers, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, where A is 3 or -3, and the number of pilot symbols in the data frame, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj, differs from each other by less than or equal to 2.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is or, In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is in, Indicates that the positive real number a is rounded down.

19. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that The Q is 96; The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are: A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj; The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are successively as follows: A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,- A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj ,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-A j,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+ Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A +Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

20. A data transmission device, characterized in that: include: A processing unit and a sending unit; The processing unit is used to: generate a data frame, wherein in one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols, each consecutive M symbols of the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M-1 payload symbols, N=M×Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, Q pilot symbols are symbol sequences generated by a target polynomial and a seed, the target polynomial is x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1, the seed in one polarization direction is 0x175, and the seed in another polarization direction is 0x03D; The sending unit is used to send the data frame.

21. The data transmission device according to claim 20, characterized in that: Each of the pilot symbols is located at a starting position among the consecutive M symbols.

22. The data transmission device according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that: A sequence including Q pilot symbols in a first polarization direction is different from a sequence including Q pilot symbols in a second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction are orthogonal to each other.

23. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that: Q＝96。 24. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that: The sum of the Q pilot symbols is 0.

25. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that: The processing unit is specifically used for: Performing symbol mapping and polarization symbol division on the received data sequence to obtain symbol sequences in two polarization directions; The pilot symbol is inserted into the symbol sequence in each polarization direction to obtain the data frame.

26. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that: The processing unit is specifically used for: Inserting bits corresponding to the pilot symbol into a received data sequence to obtain a first sequence; Symbol mapping and polarization symbol division are performed on the first sequence to obtain the data frame.

27. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 to 26, characterized in that: In one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

28. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 to 27, characterized in that: In one polarization direction, the modulation format of the symbols in the data frame is 16QAM, A=-1, 1, -3, 3, or 29. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 to 28, characterized in that: Each of the pilot symbols is one of four complex numbers, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, where A is a real number. The number of pilot symbols in the data frame, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj, differs from each other by less than or equal to 2.

30. The data transmission device according to claim 29, characterized in that: In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is or, In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is in, Indicates that the positive real number a is rounded down.

31. The data transmission device according to any one of claims 20 to 30, characterized in that: The Q is 96; The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are: A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj, A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,- A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj, A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj, A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj, A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,- A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,- A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj; The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are: A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj ,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,- A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj ,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-A j,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+A j,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+ Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A +Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

32. The device according to any one of claims 20 to 31, characterized in that N=6144, M=64.

33. A data receiving device, characterized in that: include: a receiving unit and a processing unit; The receiving unit is used to: receive a data frame, wherein in one polarization direction, the data frame includes N symbols, each consecutive M symbols of the N symbols include 1 pilot symbol located at a fixed position and M-1 payload symbols, N=M×Q, Q is an even number, M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the Q pilot symbols are a symbol sequence generated by a target polynomial and a seed, and the target polynomial is x^9+x^8+x^5+x^4+1; the seed in one polarization direction is 0x175, and the seed in the other polarization direction is 0x03D; The processing unit is used to: process the data frame.

34. The device according to claim 33, characterized in that Each of the pilot symbols is located at a starting position among the consecutive M symbols, Q=96.

35. The device according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that In one polarization direction, the number of consecutive identical pilot symbols in the data frame is less than or equal to 4.

36. The device according to any one of claims 33 to 35, characterized in that Each of the pilot symbols is one of four complex numbers, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj and A+Aj, where A is 3 or -3, and the number of pilot symbols in the data frame, namely -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, A+Aj, differs from each other by less than or equal to 2.

37. The device according to claim 36, characterized in that In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is or, In one polarization direction, the number of pilot symbols -A-Aj in the data frame is The number of pilot symbols is -A+Aj is The number of pilot symbols A-Aj is The number of pilot symbols A+Aj is in, Indicates that the positive real number a is rounded down.

38. The device according to any one of claims 33 to 37, characterized in that The Q is 96; The 96 pilot symbols in the first polarization direction are: A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj; The 96 pilot symbols in the second polarization direction are successively as follows: A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,- A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A-A j,-A+Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A+Aj,A-Aj,-A++Aj Aj,-A+Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A+Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,-A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A-Aj,-A+Aj,A+Aj,-A-Aj,A-Aj,A-Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj,A+Aj.

39. A data transmission system, characterized in that: including: The data transmission device described in any one of claims 20-32 and the data receiving device described in any one of claims 33-38, wherein, the data transmission device and the data receiving device are connected.

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