Access point (AP) angle of arrival (AoA) interference reduction

Abstract

According to an aspect of an example, an access point (AP) may include a processing device and a transceiver. A processing device may be configured to detect an existing transmission from an existing device. A processing device may be configured to calculate an angle of arrival between an AP and an existing transmission from an existing device. A processing device may be configured to generate an existing evasive beam, wherein the existing evasive beam is configured to transmit in one or more working directions to facilitate evasion of an existing device. The transceiver may be configured to transmit an existing evasion beam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Examples discussed in this disclosure relate to access point (AP) angle of arrival (AoA) interference reduction, and in particular, to AP interference reduction for existing devices and associated receivers. Background Art

[0002] Unless otherwise indicated herein, what is described herein is not prior art to the claims in this application and is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.

[0003] Communications can be configured to occur in multiple frequency bands, including the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz bands. Communications may be broadcast over different radio links, which may include varying operating frequencies. Some existing communication systems may also be configured to use In some cases, Interference between communications and existing communications may occur.

[0004] The subject matter claimed in this disclosure is not limited to examples that solve any disadvantages or work only in environments such as described above. Rather, this background is provided merely to illustrate one example technology area where some examples described in this disclosure may be practiced. Summary of the invention

[0005] An access point (AP) may include: a processing device and a transceiver. The processing device may be configured to: detect one or more existing transmissions from an existing device; calculate an angle of arrival between the AP and the one or more existing transmissions received from the existing device; and generate an existing avoidance beam, wherein the existing avoidance beam is configured to transmit in one or more working directions to facilitate avoiding the existing device. The transceiver may be configured to transmit the existing avoidance beam in one or more working directions.

[0006] An access point (AP) may include: a processing device and a transceiver. The processing device may be configured to receive one or more existing signal parameters for an existing device from an automatic frequency coordination (AFC) server at the AP. The processing device may be configured to calculate an angle of arrival between the AP and the existing device based on the one or more existing signal parameters. The processing device may be configured to generate an existing avoidance beam, wherein the existing avoidance beam is configured to transmit in one or more working directions to avoid interference from the existing device at an existing receiver. The transceiver may be configured to send the existing avoidance beam.

[0007] An access point (AP) may include: a transceiver and a processing device, the transceiver being configured to receive a backhaul transmission from a backhaul device. The processing device may be configured to detect the backhaul transmission from the backhaul device. The processing device may be configured to calculate an angle of arrival between the AP and the backhaul transmission received from the backhaul device. The backhaul transmission may be detected using one or more of: signaling assistance in the backhaul transmission, or an AP preamble in the backhaul transmission, or a correlation between the backhaul transmission and one or more of a backhaul preamble or a backhaul pilot.

[0008] The objects and advantages of the embodiments will be realized and attained by at least the elements, features, and combinations particularly pointed out in the claims.

[0009] Both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are presented by way of example and are explanatory rather than restrictive of the invention, as claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Example embodiments will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0011] Figure 1 An example diagram illustrating service paths in an example service area is shown.

[0012] Figure 2 A graph of transmit power level and device type as a function of frequency in megahertz (MHz) is shown.

[0013] Figure 3 An example of a 6 gigahertz (GHz) channel is shown.

[0014] Figure 4A An example system architecture for access point (AP) angle of arrival (AoA) interference reduction for existing devices is shown.

[0015] Figure 4B An example system architecture for AP AoA interference reduction for existing devices is shown.

[0016] Figure 4C An example system architecture for AP AoA interference reduction for backhaul devices is shown.

[0017] Figure 4D An example system architecture for AP AoA interference reduction for backhaul devices is shown.

[0018] Figure 5A An example of a backhaul frame of a backhaul device is shown.

[0019] Figure 5B An example of signaling assistance in conjunction with a backhaul frame of a backhaul device is shown.

[0020] Figure 6 A block diagram of an example automatic frequency coordination (AFC) system is shown.

[0021] Figure 7 An example process flow for an access point configured to generate an existing avoidance beam is shown.

[0022] Figure 8 An example process flow for an access point configured to generate an existing avoidance beam using an automatic frequency coordination (AFC) system is shown.

[0023] Fig. 9 An example process flow for an access point (AP) device configured to generate an existing avoidance beam is shown.

[0024] Fig.10 An example communication system configured to reduce access point interference is shown.

[0025] Fig.11 A diagrammatic representation of a machine in the example form of a computing device within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] and 6 GHz Communications related, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has proposed a predicted interference-to-noise (I / N) ratio for 6GHz receivers (e.g., existing systems), which may not exceed -6dB. In some cases, access points (APs) seeking to be deployed can demonstrate through laboratory testing and / or field testing that communications in the 6GHz band do not exceed -6dB I / N. In some cases, the FCC may deny communications authorization for APs that do not demonstrate an acceptable I / N ratio.

[0027] To avoid interference with incumbents (e.g., fixed services, satellite services, TV, and broadcast services), the APs seeking to deploy may use a power transmission mode that is less than a predefined threshold when communicating in frequency channels where interference may occur. For example, a low power indoor transmit power mode may be used to avoid interference because the power threshold may not be high enough to penetrate walls to interfere with backhaul modems or other incumbent transmissions.

[0028] The access point may be configured to measure interference and avoid creating interference, but may not have sufficient information to avoid interference with existing devices and backhaul devices. For example, without sufficient location information about the access point, existing devices, or backhaul devices, the access point may not be able to avoid interference with existing devices and backhaul devices. Even without specific location information, the access point can detect the angle of arrival of various signals received from existing devices and backhaul devices. Measuring the angle of arrival between the access point and one or more of the existing devices and / or backhaul devices (which can be calculated at the access point, with or without receiving information from a database or without specific location information about the access point, existing devices, or backhaul devices) can allow the access point to avoid interfering with these other devices by avoiding transmissions in selected directions.

[0029] The angle of arrival is calculated so that standard power is used without using an automatic frequency coordination server or without location information (eg, from a global positioning service).

[0030] Calculating the angle of arrival can be used in conjunction with an automatic frequency server and / or location information to provide enhanced techniques for avoiding interference between access points and existing devices and / or backhaul equipment. Calculating the angle of arrival can be used in conjunction with various techniques for detecting transmissions (e.g., using signaling assistance to detect backhaul transmissions, correlating backhaul preambles and / or pilot sequences, inserting Wi-Fi preambles in backhaul modem frames, etc.).

[0031] An access point (AP) includes a processing device and a transceiver. The processing device may be configured to: detect one or more existing transmissions from an existing device; calculate an angle of arrival between the AP and one or more existing transmissions received from the existing device; and generate an existing avoidance beam. The existing avoidance beam is configured to transmit in one or more working directions to facilitate avoiding the existing device. The transceiver may be configured to send the existing avoidance beam in the one or more working directions.

[0032] An access point (AP) may include a processing device and a transceiver. The processing device may be configured to: receive one or more existing signal parameters for an existing device from an automatic frequency coordination (AFC) server at the AP; calculate an angle of arrival between the AP and an existing transmission received from the existing device based on the one or more existing signal parameters; and generate an existing avoidance beam. The existing avoidance beam is configured to transmit in one or more working directions to avoid the existing device. The transceiver may be configured to send the existing avoidance beam in one or more working directions.

[0033] An access point (AP) may include: a transceiver configured to receive a backhaul transmission from a backhaul device; and a processing device. The processing device may be configured to detect the backhaul transmission from the backhaul device; and calculate an angle of arrival between the AP and the backhaul transmission from the backhaul device. The backhaul transmission may be detected using one or more of: signaling assistance in the backhaul transmission, or an AP preamble in the backhaul transmission, or a correlation between the backhaul transmission and one or more of the backhaul preamble or the backhaul pilot.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, an example diagram is provided showing a service path (e.g., 102) of a microwave link, which may be a 6 GHz communication system (e.g., 104) in an example service area 100 (e.g., a particular city). An access point (AP) (e.g., configured to operate in the 6 GHz frequency band) The AP) may obtain a service path (e.g., 102) associated with an existing system (e.g., 6 GHz communication system 104) in the service area 100 from one or more of the AFC databases or by measuring / detecting the service path (e.g., without using the AFC database). The AP may be configured to determine a distance between the AP and a backhaul device and / or the existing system (e.g., 6 GHz communication system 104). The AP may be configured to determine interference between transmissions from the AP and one or more backhaul devices and / or the existing system (e.g., 6 GHz communication system 104), and the AP may be configured to determine whether to (i) transmit in a standard power mode, (ii) transmit in a low power mode, (iii) transmit in a very low power mode, or (iv) not transmit.

[0035] Various regulations and recommendations from the government and industry may affect the use of the 6 GHz band. The FCC has issued regulations that affect the allowable interference-to-noise ratio (I / N) in the 6 GHz band. For example, in the 6 GHz band, the I / N ratio may not exceed -6 decibels (dB). In some parts of Europe, other interference recommendations have been made related to long-term interference standards, where the I / N ratio cannot exceed -10 dB (or -20 dB) for a selected percentage of the time (e.g., 20%). In some parts of Europe, recommendations have been made related to short-term interference standards, where the I / N ratio exceeds 4.5×10 in any one month (percentage of error seconds). -4 % of the time the I / N ratio cannot exceed 19dB.

[0036] Industry groups have proposed different opinions from these government regulations and recommendations. There have been interested parties (such as The Wireless Facilitation Alliance (WFA) has proposed competing proposals to the FCC 6 GHz regulations. Some of the competing proposals include one or more changes to: (1) usable radio frequency bands (e.g., the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) bands), (2) applicability of low-power APs, and (3) additional power modes (e.g., transmit power levels).

[0037] For example, the WFA requests an additional 100 MHz to be allocated for the UNII-8 band. The UNII-8 band may correspond to communications including frequencies between 6.875 GHz and 7.125 GHz. Other bands that may be included for use in 6 GHz communications include one or more of UNII-5 (between 5.925 GHz and 6.425 GHz), UNII-6 (between 6.425 GHz and 6.525 GHz), or UNII-7 (between 6.525 GHz and 6.875 GHz).

[0038] The WFA has also called for the removal of indoor restrictions associated with low-power operation in the 6GHz band. Alternatively, the FCC has called for limiting the use of low-power 6GHz communications to indoors.

[0039] The WFA also requires the addition of a 6 GHz communication class to operate using very low power. The multiple transmit power levels may include: (1) standard power transmission, which may include transmissions with power up to about 36 dBm, (2) low power transmission, which may include transmissions with power up to about 30 dBm, (3) and very low power transmission, which may include transmissions with power up to about 14 dBm. As requested by the WFA, the very low power transmit power level may be used in short-range applications (e.g., for portable APs).

[0040] WFA also requires client devices (e.g., user devices receiving wireless communications from an AP) to use a transmit power level that matches the transmit power level of the corresponding AP. For example, a client device receiving wireless communications from an AP transmitting at a low transmit power level may use the low transmit power level to wirelessly communicate with the AP.

[0041] To comply with this requirement of WFA, one or more of the AP or client devices may include a transmit power level control configured to match the transmit power level used by the client device to the transmit power level used by the AP.

[0042] Figure 2 Some competing proposals for FCC regulation are shown. Figure 3 and Table I provide a summary of some FCC regulations. Figure 2A graph 200 is provided showing transmit power levels and device types as a function of frequency in megahertz (MHz). The 6 gigahertz (GHz) band may include four frequency sub-bands: (i) UNII-5 having a frequency range from 5925 MHz (202) to 6425 MHz (204), (ii) UNII-6 having a frequency range from 6425 MHz (204) to 6525 MHz (206), (iii) UNII-7 having a frequency range from 6525 MHz (206) to 6875 MHz (208), or (iv) UNII-8 having a frequency range from 6875 MHz (208) to 7125 MHz (210).

[0043] When the AP is allocated bandwidth by the AFC server, the AP may be allowed to operate using a standard power transmit power level. For a standard power AP, the maximum transmit power may be approximately 36 decibel milliwatts (dBm) of effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) for: (a) an AP operating within a UNII-5 frequency sub-band, as shown in 212a, (b) an AP operating within a UNII-7 frequency sub-band, as shown in 212b, or (c) an AP operating within a portion of a UNII-8 frequency sub-band, as shown in 212c.

[0044] When the AP is not allocated bandwidth by the AFC server, the AP may be allowed to operate using a low power indoor (LPI) transmit power level. For an AP operating at the LPI transmit power level, the maximum allowed transmit power may be approximately 30 dBm EIRP for: (a) an AP operating in a UNII-5 frequency sub-band, as shown in 214a, (b) an AP operating in a UNII-6 frequency sub-band, as shown in 214b, (c) an AP operating in a UNII-7 frequency sub-band, as shown in 214c, or (d) an AP operating in a UNII-8 frequency sub-band, as shown in 214d. Under different regulatory agencies or different standards (e.g., standards published by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)), the maximum allowed transmit power may be different than 30 dBm.

[0045] As recommended by the WFA, APs operating at very low power transmit power levels may be used for short-range applications (e.g., for portable APs). For APs operating at very low power transmit power levels, the maximum allowed transmit power may be approximately 14 dBm EIRP for: (a) an AP operating within the UNII-5 frequency sub-band, as shown at 216a, (b) an AP operating within the UNII-7 frequency sub-band, as shown at 216b, or (c) an AP operating within a portion of the UNII-8 frequency sub-band, as shown at 216c.

[0046] WFA also proposes that the client device use a transmit power that matches one or more of the transmit power or transmit power levels of the corresponding AP. That is, for a client device operating in the 6 GHz band, the client device can: (i) match the standard power transmit power level when the corresponding AP uses the standard power transmit power level; (ii) match the low power indoor transmit power level when the corresponding AP uses the low power indoor transmit power level; or (iii) match the very low power transmit power level when the corresponding AP uses the very low power transmit power level. The client device can be configured to match the transmit power level of the corresponding AP on the 6 GHz band, as shown in 218a, 218b, 218c, and 218d.

[0047] Table 1 provides an example of FCC regulations for the 6 GHz band. For channel bandwidths from about 20 MHz to about 320 MHz (e.g., for channel bandwidths of 20 MHz, or 40 MHz, or 80 MHz, or 160 MHz, or 320 MHz), the antenna gain in dBi may be 3 (or a maximum value or 6 dBi).

[0048] For LPI operation, for channel bandwidths from about 20 MHz to about 320 MHz (e.g., for channel bandwidths of 20 MHz, or 40 MHz, or 80 MHz, or 160 MHz, or 320 MHz), the maximum power spectral density (PSD) may be fixed at 5 dBm / MHz. The maximum radio frequency (RF) output power may be: (a) 15 dBm for a channel bandwidth of 20 MHz, (b) 18 dBm for a channel bandwidth of 40 MHz, (c) 21 dBm for a channel bandwidth of 80 MHz, (d) 24 dBm for a channel bandwidth of 160 MHz, or (e) 27 dBm for a channel bandwidth of 320 MHz. The maximum EIRP may be: (a) 18 dBm for a 20 MHz channel bandwidth, (b) 21 dBm for a 40 MHz channel bandwidth, (c) 24 dBm for an 80 MHz channel bandwidth, (d) 27 dBm for a 160 MHz channel bandwidth, or (e) 30 dBm for a 320 MHz channel bandwidth.

[0049] Table I: Impact of FCC regulations on 6 GHz channels in the United States

[0050]

[0051] For standard power operation, for channel bandwidths from about 20 MHz to about 320 MHz (e.g., for channel bandwidths of 20 MHz, or 40 MHz, or 80 MHz, or 160 MHz, or 320 MHz), the maximum RF output power may be 33 dBm. For channel bandwidths from about 20 MHz to about 320 MHz (e.g., for channel bandwidths of 20 MHz, or 40 MHz, or 80 MHz, or 160 MHz, or 320 MHz), the maximum EIRP may be 36.

[0052] For other channel bandwidths (e.g., 640 MHz, 1280 MHz, etc.), one or more of RF or EIRP may increase by 3 dBm for LPI, RF, or EIRP when the bandwidth is doubled, or one or more of RF or EIRP may be constant when standard power is used. For example, for a channel bandwidth of 640 MHz: for LPI, the RF output power may be 30 dBm, and for LPI, the EIRP may be 33 dBm; or for standard power, the RF output power may be 33, or for standard power, the EIRP may be 36. For a channel bandwidth of 1280 MHz: for LPI, the RF output power may be 33 dBm, and for LPI, the EIRP may be 36 dBm; or for standard power, the RF output power may be 33, or for standard power, the EIRP may be 36.

[0053] Figure 3 An example of a 6 GHz channel in the United States is shown. When the channel bandwidth is 160 MHz, 7 different channels in the 6 GHz band can be used, including: channels 15, 47, and 79 in the UNII-5 sub-band; channel 111 in the UNII-6 and UNII-7 sub-bands; channel 143 in the UNII-7 sub-band; channel 175 in the UNII-7 and UNII-8 sub-bands; and channel 207 in the UNII-8 sub-band. Channels 15, 47, 79, and 143 can work with the AFC server at one or more of a low power indoor transmit power level and a standard power level. Channels 111, 175, and 207 can work at a low power indoor transmit power level.

[0054] When the channel bandwidth is 80 MHz, 14 different channels in the 6 GHz band can be used, including: channels 7, 23, 39, 55, 71, and 87 in the UNII-5 sub-band; channel 103 in the UNII-6 sub-band; channel 119 in the UNII-6 and UNII-7 sub-bands; channels 135, 151, and 167 in the UNII-7 sub-band; channel 183 in the UNII-7 and UNII-8 sub-bands; channels 199 and 215 in the UNII-8 sub-band. Channels 7, 23, 35, 55, 71, 87, 135, 151, and 167 can work with the AFC server at one or more of a low power indoor transmit power level and a standard power level. Channels 103, 119, 183, 199, and 215 can work at a low power indoor transmit power level.

[0055] When the channel bandwidth is 40MHz, 29 different channels in the 6GHz frequency band can be used, including: channels 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83 and 91 in the UNII-5 frequency sub-band; channels 99 and 107 in the UNII-6 frequency sub-band; channel 115 in the UNII-6 and UNII-7 frequency sub-bands; channels 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171 and 179 in the UNII-7 frequency sub-band; channel 187 in the UNII-7 and UNII-8 frequency sub-bands; channels 195, 203, 211, 219 and 227 in the UNII-8 frequency sub-band. Channels 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, and 179 may operate in conjunction with the AFC server at one or more of a low power indoor transmit power level and a standard power level. Channels 99, 107, 115, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, and 227 may operate at a low power indoor transmit power level.

[0056] When the channel bandwidth is 20 MHz, 59 different channels in the 6 GHz band can be used, including: channels 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89 and 93 in the UNII-5 frequency sub-band; channels 97, 101, 105, 109 and 113 in the UNII-6 frequency sub-band; channels 114, 115, 116, 117 and 118 in the UNII-7 frequency sub-band; channels 121, 122, 123 and 124 in the UNII-8 frequency sub-band; channels 125, 126, 127 and 128 in the UNII-9 frequency sub-band; channels 130, 131, 132 and 133 in the UNII-10 frequency sub-band; channels 133, 134, 135 and 136 in the UNII-11 frequency sub-band; channels 137, 138, 139 and 140 in the UNII-12 frequency sub-band; channels 141, 142, 143 and 144 in the UNII-13 frequency sub-band; channels 145, 147, 148 and 149 in the UNII-13 frequency sub-band; channels 151, 152, 153 and 154 in the UNII-13 frequency sub-band; channels 154, 155, 156 and 157 in the UNII-13 frequency sub-band channels 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 169, 173, 177 and 181 in the UNII-7 and UNII-8 frequency sub-bands; channel 185 in the UNII-7 and UNII-8 frequency sub-bands; channels 189, 193, 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229 and 233 in the UNII-8 frequency sub-band. Channels 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 169, 173, 177, and 181 may operate with the AFC server at one or more of a low power indoor transmit power level and a standard power level. Channels 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 185, 189, 193, 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, and 233 may operate at a low power indoor transmit power level.

[0057] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0058] Figure 4AAn example system architecture 400a for reducing AP interference based on the angle of arrival between the AP 402a and the existing devices 412a, 414a is shown. The AP 402a may have hardware for measuring one or more signals received from one or more incumbents 412a, 414a (e.g., fixed wireless microwave links). The AP 402a may include one or more antennas 401a, 403a, 405a, 407a. The one or more antennas 401a, 403a, 405a, 407a may be configured to detect interference from one or more existing devices 412a, 414a. The interference from the one or more existing devices 412a, 414a may include one or more existing transmission paths 415, 417, 419, and 421, which may be detected at the one or more antennas 401a, 403a, 405a, 407a of the AP 402a. For example, existing device 414a may be configured to radiate transmission 413 to existing device 412a, which may result in radiation to existing transmission path 415 of AP 402a. Similarly, radiation from transmission 413 may result in radiation to existing transmission paths 417, 419, and 421 of one or more antennas 407a, 403a, and 405a, respectively.

[0059] The one or more antennas 401a, 403a, 405a, 407a may be distributed around the AP 402a. For example, the one or more antennas 401a, 403a, 405a, 407a may be evenly distributed around the outer portion of the AP 402a. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more antennas 401a, 403a, 405a, 407a may be randomly distributed around the AP 402a, including the outer portion or the inner portion. The AP 402a may be configured to use the distribution and / or orientation of the one or more antennas 401a, 403a, 405a, 407a to determine whether to use existing devices (e.g., existing devices 412a, 414a, backhaul devices 445, etc., such as Figure 4C and 4D ) shows the approximate angle of arrival of the received transmission.

[0060] The AP 402a may be configured to calculate the angle of arrival between the AP 402a and the existing device 414a. The angle of arrival may be calculated using one or more of: spatial diversity, pattern diversity, polarization diversity, and the like.

[0061] When spatial diversity is used, the angle of arrival may be calculated by measuring signal parameters received at one or more antennas 401a, 403a, 405a, and 407a. The difference in signal parameters received at one or more antennas 401a, 403a, 405a, and 407a may be used to predict the angle of arrival relative to the existing device 414a by correlating the signal received by each antenna based on the signal parameters, including one or more of the following: signal strength, timestamp, frequency, amplitude, phase shift, etc. The angle of arrival may be the direction in which the signal is received relative to the location of the AP 402a. Alternatively or additionally, the correlation between the existing preamble, the existing pilot, etc. may be used to correlate the signal received by each antenna.

[0062] When pattern diversity is used, the angle of arrival may be calculated using one or more antennas 401a, 403a, 405a, and 407a as directional antennas. The signals received by each directional antenna may be correlated based on one or more signal parameters, including one or more of: signal strength, timestamp, frequency, amplitude, phase shift, etc. Alternatively or additionally, the signals received by each antenna may be correlated using correlations between existing preambles, existing pilots, etc. The directional antennas may be separated in space so that the directional antennas may determine the angle of arrival within a selected error tolerance based on correlations of one or more signal parameters.

[0063] When polarization diversity is used, the angle of arrival can be calculated by using one or more antennas 401a, 403a, 405a, and 407a, which may be antennas with different polarization states. The difference in polarization states can be used to correlate different signals.

[0064] The different received signals received at one or more antennas 401a, 403a, 405a, 407a may be combined using appropriate techniques, such as a maximum ratio combiner, an equal gain combiner, a scanning switching combiner, a selection combiner, etc. Different combining techniques may be used to calculate correlations between the different received signals, which may be used to calculate the angle of arrival between the AP 402a and the existing device 414a.

[0065] The AP 402a may be configured to transmit wireless signals (e.g., a wireless signal) to one or more stations (STAs) or user equipments (UEs) (e.g., UE 1 422a, UE 2 424a, UE 3 426a, etc.). Signal). A wireless signal 421 (e.g., signals), wireless signals 423 between AP 402a and UE 2 424a, and radiated paths 425 between 402a and UE3 426a may be sent using any suitable wireless signals at suitable frequencies (e.g., UNII-5, UNII-6, UNII-7, or UNII-8 frequency sub-bands).

[0066] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the AP 402a without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, in some implementations, the AP 402a may include any number of other components not expressly shown or described.

[0067] like Figure 4B As shown in , an example system architecture 400b may include an AP 402b. The AP 402b may be configured to use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to generate an existing avoidance beam to a client (e.g., a station, a user device, etc.). The AP 402b may be configured to transmit the existing avoidance beam in one or more working directions to facilitate avoiding the existing devices 412b, 414b. The AP 402b may include one or more antennas 401b, 403b, 405b, and 407b.

[0068] The existing avoidance beam may be any suitable beam configured to avoid the existing devices 412b, 414b. The existing avoidance beam may include a standard power notch in one or more working directions (i.e., a direction avoiding the one or more existing devices 412b, 414b). The existing avoidance beam may include a low power indoor notch toward the angle of arrival between the AP 402b and the one or more existing devices 412b, 414b. The existing avoidance beam may include a null pattern toward the angle of arrival between the AP 402b and the one or more existing devices 412b, 414b.

[0069] AP 402b may be configured to generate one or more antenna radiation patterns (e.g., 401b, 421b, 423b, 425b) that may reduce interference with existing communications (e.g., communications between a first existing device 412b and a second existing device 414b). As shown, AP 402b may be configured to generate antenna radiation pattern 421b and antenna radiation pattern 423b, antenna radiation pattern 421b for communicating with a device forming a communication connection (e.g., UE1 422b), and antenna radiation pattern 423b for communicating with a different device forming a communication connection (e.g., UE2 424b), which may reduce and / or limit the amount of interference with existing devices 412b, 414b.

[0070] For example, the antenna radiation patterns 421b and 423b may include a main lobe that may be arranged to reduce interference with transmission 413 between existing devices 412b, 414b by being oriented away from an angle toward existing devices 412b, 414b. The transmission may be strong in the direction of the main lobe and weak in the direction of the side lobes. For example, the transmit power may be close to zero in the region between the main lobe and the side lobes and between the separated side lobes. This may be referred to as an antenna null. In beamforming, the individual antennas in the array may be given the same signal with a phase shift or delay to form a beam in a desired direction. Such an electronically steered antenna array may include a main lobe, a side lobe, and a null. The nulls may be created in the order of the path of the microwave beam so that there is less interference in the path.

[0071] For wireless devices positioned at angles that would interfere with existing devices 412b, 414b, a low power indoor notch (e.g., 425b) may be used to prevent interference in the direction of the device forming a communication connection (e.g., UE 3 426b). For wireless devices positioned at angles that would interfere with existing devices 412b, 414b when using a low power indoor notch, an antenna null may be used. For example, UE 4 428b may not receive a beam from AP 402b to prevent interference with the incumbent 414b.

[0072] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the AP 402b without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the AP 402b may include any number of other components not expressly shown or described.

[0073] like Figure 4C As shown, system architecture 400c may include AP 402c, network 435 (e.g., a network that may be configured to communicate with an AFC server), a first existing device (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c), and a second existing device (e.g., dish antenna 2 414c, which may include a backhaul device). The first dish antenna (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c) may be configured to transmit a first transmission 413 to a second dish antenna (e.g., dish antenna 2 414c), and the second dish antenna (e.g., dish antenna 2 414c) may be configured to transmit a second transmission 415 to the first dish antenna (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c). AP 402c may be AP. The AP may be configured to use the 6 GHz frequency band to provide communication to devices that may form a communication connection with the AP 402c. The 6 GHz band includes one or more of the UNII-5, UNII-6, UNII-7, or UNII-8 sub-bands. AP 402c may be configured to radiate a radiation pattern (e.g., 421c, 423c, 425, etc.) that may be between a transmission path between a first dish antenna (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c) and a second dish antenna (e.g., dish antenna 2 414c). As shown, dish antenna 1 412c and dish antenna 2 414c may form a microwave link path (e.g., transmission 413 that may be a microwave link path and transmission 415 that may be a microwave link path), wherein AP 402c has a radiation pattern 425 in the communication path. Dish antenna 2 414c may receive an interference signal 447 (e.g., interference signal 447) from AP 402c. Signal).

[0074] The AP 402c may include one or more antennas 401c, 403c, 405c, 407c. The one or more antennas 401c, 403c, 405c, 407c may be configured to detect interference from one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c and dish antenna 2 414c) or a combination thereof. The interference from one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c and dish antenna 2 414c) or a combination thereof may include one or more existing transmit beams or a combination thereof, which may be detected at the one or more antennas 401c, 403c, 405c, 407c of the AP 402c.

[0075] One or more antennas 401c, 403c, 405c, 407c may be distributed around the AP 402c, as described with respect to FIG. Figure 4A As described with respect to one or more antennas 401a, 403a, 405a, 407a.

[0076] AP 402c may be configured to calculate the angle of arrival between AP 402c and one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c and dish antenna 2 414c) or a combination thereof. The angle of arrival may be calculated using one or more of the following: spatial diversity, pattern diversity, polarization diversity, etc., as described in reference to FIG. Figure 4A As described.

[0077] One or more backhaul transmissions may be detected using one or more of: signaling assistance in the backhaul transmission, an AP preamble in the backhaul transmission, correlation between the one or more backhaul transmissions and one or more of a backhaul preamble or a backhaul pilot in the backhaul transmission.

[0078] "Signaling assistance" may be a signal added to the backhaul frame to facilitate AP 402c (e.g., In one example, the signaling assistance may be added to the backhaul frame (e.g., before the backhaul frame) instead of being embedded in the backhaul frame (e.g., between different symbols of the backhaul frame). The signaling assistance may be adapted to facilitate the detection of the backhaul device (e.g., backhaul modem) by the AP 402c. In one example, the signaling assistance may be an AP transmission preamble. The AP transmission preamble may be one or more of the following: a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), or a legacy signal field (L-SIG). The AP 402c may detect these transmission preambles.

[0079] Signaling assistance can be configured to facilitate detection of AP 402c without communicating with a wireless LAN (e.g., ) grid alignment. In this example, the signaling may be assisted by the wireless local area network detection, which may be configured to select a frequency channel with low interference by performing a channel availability check (CAC) using a channel allocation scheme (e.g., dynamic frequency selection (DFS)).

[0080] Signaling assistance can be configured for That is, signaling assistance can use OFDM modulation and have the same L-STF or The carrier spacing of one or more of the L-LTFs is the same as the carrier spacing. The modulation sequence can be generated to identify the transmitting device as a backhaul device (e.g., a backhaul modem) rather than a AP.

[0081] The signaling aid may be inserted into the downlink signal from the backhaul device (eg, backhaul modem) in any suitable manner to facilitate AP 402c (eg, The pattern may be a periodic pattern, in which the signaling assistance may be inserted into the downlink signal based on a selected time period (e.g., 20μs, 40μs, 80μs, 200μs, 1ms, 5ms, 50ms, 200ms, 1s, 5s, 15s, 30s, etc.) or a selected number of frames, subframes, etc. In one example, the processing device may be configured to periodically (e.g., in a periodic pattern based on a selected time period or a selected number of frames, subframes, etc.) encode the signaling assistance in combination with one or more backhaul frames in one or more backhaul signals at a backhaul device (e.g., a backhaul modem). The signaling assistance may have a power spectral density (PSD) that may be configured to be consistent with the backhaul signal PSD. That is, the signaling assistance may match the PSD of the downlink signal sent by the backhaul device (e.g., the backhaul modem).

[0082] Signaling assistance may be configured to be detected by AP 402c in a variety of ways. In one example, signaling assistance may be configured to be detectable by AP 402c using dynamic frequency selection. Signaling assistance may be configured to have a bandwidth of one or more of: 3.5 MHz, 7 MHz, 14 MHz, 28 MHz, or 56 MHz. AP 402c may be configured to identify signaling assistance to identify a received signal as a backhaul signal.

[0083] The signaling assistance may include a suitable physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), and the PPDU may include a transmission vector format, and the transmission vector format includes one or more of the following: very high throughput (EHT), air wake-up (WUR), high efficiency (HE), directional multi-gigabit (DMG), sub-1-GHz (S1G), very high throughput (VHT), high throughput (HT), non-HT, etc. The PPDU may include any suitable modulation format, including one or more of the following: direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and complementary code keying (CCK); orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM); single carrier and OFDM; orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA); multi-carrier on-off keying (MC-OOK), etc. The PPDU field structure may include any suitable field structure, the field structure including one or more fields, the one or more fields including one or more of the following: legacy short training field (L-STF), legacy long training field (L-LTF), legacy signal field (L-SIG), repeated legacy signal field (RL-SIG), universal signal field (U-SIG), EHT signal field (EHT-SIG), EHT short training field (EHT-STF), EHT long training field (EHT-LTF), EHT data field (EHT-DATA), packet extension field (PE), binary phase shift keying mark 1 field (BPSK-Mark1), BPSK mark 2 field (BPSK-Mark2), WUR synchronization field (WUR-Sync), WUR data field (WUR-Data), HE ... A field (HE-SIG-A), HE short training field (HE-STF), HE long training field (HE-LTF), short training field, channel estimation field (CEF), header, automatic gain control field (AGC), training field (TRN), CEFuvv, CEFvuv, first long training field (LTF-1), data short training field (D-STF), signal B field (SIG-B), VHT signal A field (VHT-SIG-A), VHT short training field (VHT-STF), VHT long training field (VHT-STF), VHT signal B field (VHT-SIG-B), HT signal field (HT-SIG), HT short training field (HT-STF), HT long training field (HT-LTF), physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) service data unit (PSDU), etc. In an example, the PPDU may include one or more of the HE transmission vector format, the OFDMA modulation format, or the HE PPDU field structure.

[0084] The AP 402c may include a receiver that may be configured to search for downlink signals (e.g., carried on a downlink backhaul frequency channel). The receiver may be configured to search for downlink signals using a specific channel allocation scheme to avoid interference between the AP 402c and the backhaul device (e.g., backhaul modem). In one example, the channel allocation scheme may be dynamic frequency selection (DFS).

[0085] The signaling assistance may be configured to be aligned with the AP raster or may be configured to not be aligned with the AP raster. When the signaling assistance is configured to be aligned with the AP raster, the signaling assistance may include an AP transmit preamble. The AP transmit preamble may include any suitable preamble field (e.g., L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, etc.) configured to operate using a suitable transmit vector format (e.g., HE) and modulation (e.g., OFDMA).

[0086] The AP 402c may be configured to use various operations to identify one or more backhaul frequency channels present in the backhaul transmission. The processing device may be configured to calculate the autocorrelation of the backhaul transmission at the AP 402c to determine when a carrier signal is present. The processor may be configured to determine when a single carrier modulated signal (e.g., a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal) is present. The presence of a carrier signal may be determined by identifying a pulse shape (e.g., a root raised cosine pulse) using the autocorrelation of the signal. If the AP 402c does not have a carrier frequency, the AP 402c may calculate the autocorrelation of the backhaul transmission at multiple different frequencies within one or more channels present in the backhaul transmission.

[0087] The AP 402c may be configured to determine the presence of a modulation (e.g., a selected number of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) symbols or a different low-order modulation) in the backhaul transmission. The carrier frequency may be determined based on an autocorrelation of the backhaul transmission. The symbol rate may be determined based on a pulse shape of the autocorrelation. The modulation determined based on the carrier frequency and pulse shape may be used to verify the backhaul transmission so that the AP 402c avoids interference. Alternatively, or in addition, the AP 402c may be configured to determine preamble repetitions to verify the backhaul transmission.

[0088] The AP 402c may be configured to calculate backhaul interference in one or more backhaul frequency channels by correlating one or more of a backhaul preamble or a backhaul pilot sequence with a backhaul transmission (which may use one or more of information from a database or AP location information). The AP 402c may be configured to detect the backhaul transmission and identify one or more of a backhaul preamble or a backhaul pilot sequence in the backhaul transmission. The backhaul preamble may be a preamble specific to the operation of a backhaul device (e.g., a backhaul modem) without being previously configured to include an AP transmission preamble or other signaling assistance. The backhaul pilot sequence may be a pilot sequence specific to the operation of a backhaul device (e.g., a backhaul modem).

[0089] When the backhaul device (e.g., backhaul modem) is using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC), etc., the signal-to-noise ratio at the transmitter of the backhaul device (e.g., backhaul modem) may be less than or equal to 0 dB. The AP may be configured to use signal parameters of nearby backhaul links received from the AFC server to identify one or more of a backhaul preamble or a backhaul pilot sequence in the backhaul transmission by using correlation to avoid interference between the AP and the backhaul device (e.g., backhaul modem).

[0090] AP 402c can be configured to generate one or more antenna radiation patterns (e.g., 421c, 423c, 425) that may reduce interference to backhaul communications and / or existing communications. As shown, AP 402c can be configured to generate antenna radiation pattern 421c for communicating with a device forming a communication connection (e.g., UE1 422c) and antenna radiation pattern 423c for communicating with a different device forming a communication connection (e.g., UE2 424c), which may reduce and / or limit the amount of interference to backhaul devices and / or existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c and dish antenna 2 414c).

[0091] When the AP 402c has detected a backhaul transmission from a backhaul device (e.g., a backhaul modem) and has calculated an angle of arrival between the AP 402c and the backhaul device (e.g., the backhaul modem), the AP 402c may be configured to generate a backhaul avoidance beam to a client (e.g., a station, a user equipment, etc.) using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). The AP 402c may be configured to send the backhaul avoidance beam in one or more operating directions to help avoid the backhaul device (and / or existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c and dish antenna 2 414c)).

[0092] The backhaul avoidance beam may be any suitable beam configured to avoid the angle of arrival from the backhaul device (and / or the existing device (e.g., dish antenna-1 412C and dish antenna-2 414C)). The backhaul avoidance beam may include a standard power notch in one or more working directions (i.e., directions that avoid the angle of arrival of the backhaul device and / or the existing device (e.g., dish antenna-1 412C and dish antenna-2 414C)). The backhaul avoidance beam may include a low power indoor notch toward the angle of arrival between the AP 402b and the backhaul device and / or the existing device (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c and dish antenna 2 414c). The backhaul avoidance beam may include a null pattern toward the angle of arrival between the AP 402c and the backhaul device and / or the existing device (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c and dish antenna 2 414c).

[0093] For example, antenna radiation patterns 421c and 423c may include a main lobe that may be configured to reduce interference (e.g., as shown by AP 402c interference signal 447) to transmissions 413 and 415 between backhaul devices and / or existing devices (e.g., dish-1 412c and dish-2 414c) by being oriented away from the angle of arrival toward the backhaul devices and / or existing devices (e.g., dish-1 412c and dish-2 414c). The transmission may be strong in the direction of the main lobe and weak in the direction of the side lobes. For example, the transmission may be close to zero in the region between the main lobe and the side lobes and between the separated side lobes. This may be referred to as an antenna null. In beamforming, the individual antennas in the array may be given the same signal with a phase shift or delay to form a beam in a desired direction. Such an electronically steered antenna array may include a main lobe, side lobes, and nulls. Nulls may be created in the order of the communication path of the backhaul device and / or the existing device so that there is less interference in that path.

[0094] For wireless devices positioned at angles that would interfere with backhaul devices and / or existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c and dish antenna 2 414c), a low-power indoor notch may be used to avoid interference in the direction of the device forming a communication connection. For wireless devices positioned at angles that would interfere with backhaul devices and / or existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c and dish antenna 2 414c) when using a low-power indoor notch, an antenna null may be used. For example, a UE (e.g., UE 426c) in a communication path for backhaul devices and / or existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c and dish antenna 2 414c) may not receive a beam from AP 402c to prevent interference.

[0095] One or more of the AP 402c location, the backhaul device location, or the existing device location may be calculated based on an angle of arrival (e.g., an angle of arrival between the AP 402c and transmissions from one or more backhaul devices, an angle of arrival between the AP 402c and transmissions from one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c and dish antenna 2 414c)), an angle of arrival between the AP 402c and another device (such as another AP, one or more user devices, etc.).

[0096] The angle of arrival between the AP 402c and the plurality of devices may be used to calculate the location of one or more of the AP 402c, the backhaul device, or the existing device (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c and dish antenna 2 414c). For example, the angle of arrival between the AP 402c and the existing device (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c) may be combined with the angle of arrival between the AP 402c and the backhaul device to determine the location of the AP 402c. To illustrate, when the angle of arrival between the existing device (e.g., dish antenna 1 412c) and the AP 402c is 135 degrees (for the angle provided by the unit circle, which is about Figure 4C The line moving horizontally from left to right in the top-down view shown has an angle of 0 degrees, where the angle provided in the counterclockwise direction increases), and the angle of arrival between the backhaul device and the AP 402c is 0 degrees, then based on the angle of arrival in the horizontal plane (such as Figure 4C The intersection of the lines drawn in the top-down view (shown in FIG. 1 ) can be used to calculate the location of the AP 402 c. That is, when superimposed on the horizontal plane provided by the top-down view, the intersection of the lines based on the angles of arrival between the AP 402 c and different devices (e.g., the dish antenna 1 412 c, which can include a backhaul device) can be used to determine the location of the AP 402 c.

[0097] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the AP 402c without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the AP 402c may include any number of other components not expressly shown or described.

[0098] like Figure 4D As shown, an example system architecture 400d for reducing AP interference using angle of arrival may include an automatic frequency coordination (AFC) server 454. The system architecture 400d may include backhaul equipment, APs (e.g., 414d). The first existing device (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d) and the second existing device (e.g., dish antenna 2 412d) may be configured to communicate with each other via a wired and / or wireless connection 470. The first existing device (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d) may be configured to transmit a first transmission 413 to the second existing device (e.g., dish antenna 2 414d). The second existing device (e.g., dish antenna 2 414d) may be configured to transmit a second transmission 415 to the first existing device (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d). AP 402d can be configured to radiate a radiation pattern 425 that can be between the transmission paths between the first existing device (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d) and the second existing device (e.g., dish antenna 2 414d). The backhaul device can receive an interference signal 447 (e.g., interference signal 448) from AP 402d. Signal).

[0099] The AP 402d may include a processing device. The processing device is configured to receive one or more signal parameters for one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), one or more backhaul devices, etc. from the AFC server 454. One or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), one or more backhaul devices, etc. may be within the communication range of the AP 402d. The AP 402d may be configured to calculate the angle of arrival between the AP and one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), one or more backhaul devices, etc. The AFC server 454 may be configured to communicate with a data storage (e.g., an AFC database). The data storage may include backhaul device data for existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), backhaul devices, etc.

[0100] The existing avoidance beam may be any suitable beam configured to avoid the angle of arrival from one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), one or more backhaul devices, etc. The existing avoidance beam may include a standard power notch in one or more working directions (i.e., directions that avoid the angle of arrival of one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), one or more backhaul devices, etc.). The existing avoidance beam may include a low power indoor notch toward the angle of arrival between AP 402b and one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), one or more backhaul devices, etc. The existing avoidance beam may include a null pattern toward the angle of arrival between AP 402c and one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), one or more backhaul devices, etc.

[0101] The AP 402d may be configured to generate one or more antenna radiation patterns (e.g., 421d, 423d, 425) that may reduce interference to backhaul communications and / or existing communications. As shown, the AP 402d may be configured to generate an antenna radiation pattern 421d for communicating with a communicationally connected device (e.g., UE1 422d) and an antenna radiation pattern 423d for communicating with another different communicationally connected device (e.g., UE2 424d), which may reduce and / or limit the amount of interference to the backhaul device and / or existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d).

[0102] For example, antenna radiation patterns 421d and 423d may include a main lobe that may be configured to reduce interference to backhaul devices (e.g., as shown by interference signal 447 of AP 402d) and / or interference to transmissions 413 and 415 between existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d) by being oriented away from the angle of arrival toward existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d). Transmissions may be strong in the direction of the main lobe and weak in the direction of the side lobes. For example, the transmit power may be close to zero in the region between the main lobe and the side lobes and between the separated side lobes. This may be referred to as an antenna null. In beamforming, individual antennas in an array may be given the same signal with a phase shift or delay to form a beam in a desired direction. Such an electronically steered antenna array may include a main lobe, side lobes, and nulls. Null points may be formed in the order of the communication paths of the existing devices (eg, dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d) so that there is less interference in the path.

[0103] For wireless devices positioned at angles that would interfere with existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), a low-power indoor notch may be used to prevent interference in the direction of the device making the communication connection. For wireless devices positioned at angles that would interfere with existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d) when using a low-power indoor notch, an antenna null may be used. For example, a UE in the communication path of an existing device (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d) may not receive a beam from AP 402d to avoid interference.

[0104] AP 402d may be configured according to an interference protection criterion based on an angle of arrival. AP 402d may be configured to receive one or more interference protection parameters from AFC server 454. One or more interference protection parameters may include one or more of a propagation model based on an exclusion zone, adjacent frequency channel operation, an exclusion direction, and the like. AP 456 may be configured to avoid a selected angle, which may be used to define an exclusion direction. The exclusion direction may be defined based on one or more of an I / N ratio, a carrier-to-interference power ratio (C / I) ratio, where interference may be a signal from AP 402d. The carrier may be the signal strength of a transmission received from one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), and the noise may be a background noise level. In one example, the interference protection criterion may be an I / N ratio of -6dB, which may be used to determine an exclusion direction (e.g., in which direction, AP 456 may not transmit at a transmit power level that may be specific to the selected frequency channel).

[0105] AP 402d may be configured to access AFC server 454 to determine a power notch (e.g., standard power, low power indoor, very low power, etc.) for an existing avoidance beam. The power notch for an existing avoidance beam may be selected to favor predicted interference that is less than a predicted I / N ratio. The predicted I / N ratio may be less than any suitable threshold set forth by a regulatory agency or government entity (e.g., such as the FCC's threshold for interference in the 6 GHz band). Communications proposed -6dB).

[0106] The AFC server 454 may be configured to receive AP device data from the AP 402d. In one example, the AFC server 454 may be configured to receive an AP identifier of the AP 402d. The AFC server 454 may be configured to receive any suitable device data for the AP 402d from the AP 456, including one or more of the following: a request identifier (e.g., RequestID), AP device description data (e.g., a serial number, a certificate identifier, a rule set identifier), AP location data (e.g., ellipse location data such as center longitude, center latitude, ellipse major axis, ellipse minor axis, or orientation; altitude location data such as altitude, altitude type, or vertical uncertainty; or indoor deployment data), query frequency range (e.g., low and high frequencies in a frequency range in the 6 GHz band), query channel data, etc. In one example, the AP device data may include one or more of the following: geographic location, location confidence, antenna height, FCC identifier (ID), serial number, interference data, distortion data, noise power data, environmental data, angle of arrival data (e.g., angle of arrival between the AP and other devices such as existing devices), etc.

[0107] The AFC server 454 may be configured to receive from the AP 456 an interference level between the AP 456 and one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), etc. In some examples, the AFC server 454 may be configured to calculate an I / N ratio for one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), etc. In some examples, the AFC server 454 may be configured to calculate one or more working directions for the AP 402d. The one or more working directions may have an I / N ratio less than a threshold at the one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), etc.

[0108] The AP 456 may be configured to determine an angle between the AP 456 and one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), etc. based on an angle of arrival of a transmission received from the one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), etc. Determining the angle between the AP 456 and the one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d) may include determining a location of the AP 456. In some implementations, the AP 402d may be configured to determine the location of the one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d), etc. and / or send the location to the AFC server 454 via a network 435 such as the Internet.

[0109] AP 402d may share its location to receive permission from AFC server 454 to perform various operations, including using standard power in the 6 GHz band. Transmission. To determine the location of AP 402d, the geographic location may be determined, for example, by using the global positioning service (GPS) location of AP 402d. AP 456 may be configured to send the AP location from AP 402d for transmission to AFC server 454, and receive a transmission power mode permission (e.g., operating at a transmit power level) from AFC server 454 at AP 402d. AP 402d may be configured to determine the transmit power mode based on the power setting permission. The transmit power mode may be one or more of: (i) non-transmit power mode, (ii) very low power mode, (iii) low power mode, or (iv) standard power mode. AP 456 may include a transceiver that may be configured to receive other operating directions from AFC server 454. The transceiver may be configured to receive the location of one or more existing devices (e.g., dish antenna 1 412d, dish antenna 2 414d) or one or more AP 402d from AFC server 454.

[0110] Figure 5A A block diagram of an example frame structure 500 for a backhaul transmission is shown, where the backhaul transmission can be detected at an AP. The AP can detect the backhaul transmission, or another device can detect the backhaul transmission. In order to detect the backhaul transmission at the AP, a pilot symbol or preamble symbol can be inserted into the frame structure. As shown, pilot symbols 502a, 502b, 502c, 502d, 502e, 502f, 502g can be inserted into the example frame structure 500 for detection at the AP. The pilot symbols 502a, 502b, 502c, 502d, 502e, 502f, 502g can be inserted periodically (e.g., periodically inserted into 20 to 40 data symbols). Alternatively, or in addition, a preamble symbol 504 can be inserted. The frame structure may include various other fields, including adaptive coding modulation and baud rate (ACMB) symbols 506a, 506b, payload symbols 508a, 508b, 508c, 508d, 508e, 508f, a dummy symbol 510, and the like.

[0111] Figure 5BA block diagram of an example backhaul frame structure 550 for backhaul transmissions is shown, the frame structure including signaling assistance that can be detected at an AP. The backhaul frame structure 550 may include pilot symbols 552a, 552b, 552c, 552d, 552e, 552f, 552g, preamble symbols 554, ACMB symbols 556a, 556b, 558a, 558b, 558c, 558d, 558e, 558f, and null symbols 560. The signaling assistance may include a signaling assistance symbol 565 that may be added to the backhaul frame structure. The signaling assistance symbol 565 is added to the backhaul frame structure to facilitate the AP (e.g., AP) detection.

[0112] Signaling auxiliary symbol 565 can be configured to be used in Detection at the AP. The signaling auxiliary symbol can be modulated using OFDM and can have L-STF or The carrier spacing of one or more of the L-LTFs is the same as the carrier spacing. The modulation sequence can be generated to identify the transmitting device as a backhaul device (e.g., a backhaul modem) rather than a In one example, the signaling assistance symbol 565 may include a signaling assistance symbol to be sent to the AP (e.g., AP) AP preamble code.

[0113] Figure 6 A block diagram of an example automatic frequency coordination (AFC) architecture 600 according to at least one example described in the present disclosure is shown. The AFC architecture 600 may include a data storage 602, an AFC server 604, a network agent 606, a first non-independent AP 608, a second non-independent AP 610, an independent AP 616 (collectively referred to as APs), a first client device 612, a second client device 614, a third client device 618, and a fourth client device 620. The AFC server 604 may be a system that determines and provides a list of frequencies available for use by access points operating in the 6 GHz band. The network agent 606 may be a first example of a device configured to access the AFC server 604, the independent AP 616 may be a second example of a device configured to access the AFC server 604, and the fourth client device 620 may be a third example of a device configured to access the AFC server 604.

[0114] The data storage 602 may be an AFC database (i.e., a database configured to interface with the AFC server 604). The AFC database may include one or more of a Universal License System (ULS) database or an Equipment Authorization System (EAS) database. The AFC database may include existing data. In one example, the existing data may include a list of existing systems or existing devices that may be configured to transmit using 6 GHz communications. For example, the ULS database may include a collection of licenses issued for communicating using 6 GHz communications, such as a list of microwave links configured to transmit using frequencies between 5925 MHz and 7125 MHz (e.g., UNII-5 band to UNII-8 band). Existing ones may include, for example, fixed services, satellite services, TV and other broadcast services. In some examples, data storage may be managed by a regulatory agency such as the FCC.

[0115] The AFC database may include existing device data for one or more existing devices. The existing device data may include one or more of the following: a request identifier (e.g., RequestID), existing device description data (e.g., serial number, certificate identifier, rule set identifier), location data (e.g., elliptical location data such as center longitude, center latitude, major axis, minor axis, or orientation; altitude location data such as altitude, altitude type, or vertical uncertainty; or indoor deployment data), query frequency range (e.g., low frequency and high frequency in the frequency range in the 6 GHz band), query channel data, etc. In one example, the existing device data may include one or more of the following: geographic location, location confidence, antenna height, FCC identifier (ID), serial number, interference data, distortion data, noise power data, environmental data, arrival angle data (e.g., the arrival angle between the AP and other devices (such as existing devices that may include backhaul devices, etc.)), etc.

[0116] AFC server 604 may be configured to obtain at least a portion of the data from data storage 602. For example, AFC server 604 may be configured to obtain one or more microwave links, such as from one or more of an existing system or existing equipment. Microwave links may be obtained from within a geographic area (e.g., within a selected range).

[0117] Alternatively or additionally, the AFC server 604 may be configured to receive operating characteristics from a device such as an access point (the first non-independent AP 608 or the second non-independent AP 610, the independent AP 616 via the network proxy 606) or a client device (e.g., the first client device 612 via the first non-independent AP 608 or the second client device 614 via the second non-independent AP 610, respectively, via the network proxy 606; or the third client device 618 via the independent AP 616; or the fourth client device 620). Alternatively or additionally, the AFC server 604 may be configured to receive operating characteristics from one or more receivers in the network (e.g., a microwave receiver or a backhaul receiver).

[0118] The operating characteristics may include any suitable characteristics for allocating bandwidth to the device or avoiding interference between an existing system / device and another device, and may be stored in the data storage 602. The operating characteristics may include one or more of: a request identifier (e.g., RequestID), existing device description data (e.g., serial number, certificate identifier, rule set identifier), location data (e.g., elliptical location data such as center longitude, center latitude, major axis, minor axis, or orientation; altitude location data such as altitude, altitude type, or vertical uncertainty; or indoor deployment data), query frequency range (e.g., low and high frequencies in the frequency range in the 6 GHz band), query channel data, geographic location, location confidence, antenna height, FCC identifier (ID), serial number, interference data, distortion data, noise power data, environmental data, arrival angle data (e.g., arrival angle between AP and other devices (such as existing devices that may include backhaul devices, etc.)), etc.

[0119] The AFC server 604 can be configured to determine one or more estimates or measurements of one or more of distortion, interference, noise power, etc. of any suitable component in the architecture 600, such as an AP (e.g., the first non-independent AP 608, the second non-independent AP 610, the independent AP 616, etc.) or any other suitable component (such as a radio device, a microwave system, a microwave modem, a microwave receiver, etc.).

[0120] The AFC server 604 may be configured to provide a plurality of The AFC server 604 may provide one or more operating frequencies to the device (e.g., AP) to avoid interference conditions. In one example, the operating frequencies may not result in an I / N ratio greater than a threshold (e.g., -6 dB according to FCC rules). For example, the AFC server 604 may determine that a first frequency in the 6 GHz band may result in an I / N ratio less than a threshold (e.g., less than -6 dB) at the existing system, and the AFC server 604 may provide the first frequency in the 6 GHz band to the device (e.g., AP) as the working frequency.

[0121] The AFC server 604 may be configured to provide a plurality of The AP) provides one or more operating directions and / or operating frequencies to avoid time-based interference conditions. In one example, the time-based interference condition can be a selected percentage of time (e.g., more than 4.5×10 -4 In another example, the time-based interference condition may prohibit the I / N ratio from exceeding a threshold value (e.g., 19 dB) within a selected percentage of time (e.g., 20%) in a selected time period (e.g., a day, a week, a month, etc.).

[0122] The AFC server 604 may be configured to calculate or estimate the interference-to-noise (I / N) ratio of the existing equipment based on the mean square error (MSE) value of the existing equipment. The AFC server 604 may not be able to obtain the actual I / N impact at the microwave receiver. The AFC server 604, a government entity, or a regulatory entity (e.g., the FCC) may rely on offline feedback such as MSE values ​​to determine compliance with the I / N ratio. In addition to determining compliance with regulations (e.g., the FCC regulations avoid I / N ratios greater than -6dB), the techniques described herein can be used to provide historical data for debugging (e.g., debugging views such as spectrum waterfall diagrams) and maintenance.

[0123] Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the AFC server 604. For example, in some examples, the AFC server 604 may include any number of other components that may not be expressly shown or described.

[0124] Figure 7 A process flow of an example method 700 for reducing AP interference using angle of arrival according to at least one example described in the present disclosure is shown. The method 700 may be arranged according to at least one example described in the present disclosure.

[0125] Method 700 may be performed by processing logic that may include hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as running on a computer system or dedicated machine), or a combination of both. Fig.11 A processing device (eg, processor) 1102, Fig.10 In the communication system 1000, or another device, combination of devices, or system.

[0126] Method 700 may begin at block 705, where processing logic may detect one or more existing transmissions from existing devices.

[0127] At block 710, processing logic may calculate an angle of arrival between the AP and one or more existing transmissions received from existing devices.

[0128] At block 715, processing logic may generate an existing avoidance beam, wherein the existing avoidance beam is configured to transmit in one or more operating directions to facilitate avoiding existing devices.

[0129] At block 720, processing logic may transmit an existing avoidance beam in one or more operating directions.

[0130] Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the method 700. For example, in some examples, the method 700 may include any number of other components not expressly shown or described.

[0131] Figure 8 A process flow of an example method 800 that may be used to reduce AP interference using angle of arrival according to at least one example described in the present disclosure is shown. The method 800 may be arranged according to at least one example described in the present disclosure.

[0132] Method 800 may be performed by processing logic that may include hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as running on a computer system or dedicated machine), or a combination of both. Fig.11 A processing device (eg, processor) 1102, Fig.10 In the communication system 1000, or another device, combination of devices, or system.

[0133] Method 800 may begin at block 805, where processing logic may receive, at an AP, one or more existing signal parameters for an existing device from an automatic frequency coordination (AFC) server.

[0134] At block 810, processing logic may calculate an angle of arrival between the AP and an existing transmission received from an existing device based on one or more existing signal parameters.

[0135] At block 815, processing logic may generate an existing avoidance beam, wherein the existing avoidance beam is configured to transmit in one or more operating directions to avoid existing devices.

[0136] At block 820, processing logic may transmit an existing avoidance beam in one or more operating directions.

[0137] Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the method 800. For example, in some examples, the method 800 may include any number of other components that may not be explicitly shown or described.

[0138] Fig. 9 A process flow of an example method 900 that may be used to reduce AP interference using angle of arrival according to at least one example described in the present disclosure is shown. The method 900 may be arranged according to at least one example described in the present disclosure.

[0139] Method 900 may be performed by a processing logic that may include hardware (circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as running on a computer system or a dedicated machine), or a combination of both. Fig.11 A processing device (eg, a processor) 1102, Fig.10 In the communication system 1000 or another device, combination of devices, or system.

[0140] Method 900 may begin at block 905, where processing logic receives a backhaul transmission from a backhaul device.

[0141] At block 910, processing logic may detect a backhaul transmission from a backhaul device.

[0142] At block 915, processing logic may calculate an angle of arrival between the AP and the backhaul transmission from the backhaul device.

[0143] Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the method 900. For example, in some examples, the method 900 may include any number of other components that may not be explicitly shown or described.

[0144] For the convenience of explanation, the method and / or process flow described herein are depicted and described as a series of actions. However, the actions according to the present disclosure may occur in various orders and / or simultaneously, and occur together with other actions not presented and described herein. In addition, not all actions shown can be used to implement the method according to the disclosed subject matter. In addition, it should be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art that these methods may alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states by state diagrams or events. In addition, the method disclosed in this specification can be stored on an article such as a non-transient computer-readable medium, so that such a method is transmitted and transferred to a computing device. The term article as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device or storage medium. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or omitted depending on the desired implementation.

[0145] Fig.10 A block diagram of an example communication system 1000 configured to reduce AP interference according to at least one example described in the present disclosure is shown. The communication system 1000 may include a digital transmitter 1002, a radio frequency circuit 1004, a device 1014, a digital receiver 1006, and a processing device 1008. The digital transmitter 1002 and the processing device may be configured to receive a baseband signal via a connection 1010. The transceiver 1016 may include the digital transmitter 1002 and the radio frequency circuit 1004.

[0146] In some examples, the communication system 1000 may include a system of devices that can be configured to communicate with each other via wired or cable connections. For example, the wired connection in the communication system 1000 may include one or more Ethernet cables, one or more fiber optic cables, and / or other similar wired communication media. Alternatively or additionally, the communication system 1000 may include a system of devices that are configured to communicate via one or more wireless connections. For example, the communication system 1000 may include one or more devices configured to send and / or receive radio waves, microwaves, ultrasound waves, light waves, electromagnetic induction, and / or similar wireless communications. Alternatively or additionally, the communication system 1000 may include a combination of wireless and / or wired connections. In these and other examples, the communication system 1000 may include one or more devices that may be configured to obtain a baseband signal, perform one or more operations on the baseband signal to generate a modified baseband signal, and transmit the modified baseband signal to, for example, one or more loads.

[0147] In some examples, communication system 1000 may include one or more communication channels that may form a communication connection with systems and / or devices included in communication system 1000. For example, transceiver 1016 may form a communication connection with device 1014.

[0148] In some examples, the transceiver 1016 may be configured to obtain a baseband signal. For example, as described herein, the transceiver 1016 may be configured to generate a baseband signal and / or receive a baseband signal from another device. In some examples, the transceiver 1016 may be configured to send a baseband signal. For example, after obtaining the baseband signal, the transceiver 1016 may be configured to send the baseband signal to a separate device, such as device 1014. Alternatively or additionally, the transceiver 1016 may be configured to modify, adjust, and / or deform the baseband signal before sending the baseband signal. For example, the transceiver 1016 may include an orthogonal upconverter and / or a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) that may be configured to modify the baseband signal. Alternatively or additionally, the transceiver 1016 may include a direct RF sampling converter that may be configured to modify the baseband signal.

[0149] In some examples, the digital transmitter 1002 can be configured to obtain a baseband signal via the connection 1010. In some examples, the digital transmitter 1002 can be configured to up-convert the baseband signal. For example, the digital transmitter 1002 can include an orthogonal up-converter to apply to the baseband signal. In some examples, the digital transmitter 1002 can include an integrated digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The DAC can convert the baseband signal to an analog signal or a continuous time signal. In some examples, the DAC architecture can include a direct RF sampling DAC. In some examples, the DAC can be a separate element from the digital transmitter 1002.

[0150] In some examples, the transceiver 1016 may include one or more subcomponents that may be used to generate a baseband signal and / or transmit a baseband signal. For example, the transceiver 1016 may include an RF front end (e.g., in a wireless environment), which may include a power amplifier (PA), a digital transmitter (e.g., 1002), a digital front end, an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1588v2 device, a long-term evolution (LTE) physical layer (L-PHY), (S-plane) device, a management plane (M-plane) device, an Ethernet media access control (MAC) / personal communication service (PCS), a resource controller / scheduler, and the like. In some examples, a radio device (e.g., a radio frequency circuit 1004) of the transceiver 1016 may be synchronized with a resource controller via an S-plane device, which may facilitate high-precision timing relative to a reference clock.

[0151] In some examples, transceiver 1016 can be configured to obtain a baseband signal for transmission. For example, transceiver 1016 can receive a baseband signal from an independent device such as a signal generator. For example, the baseband signal can come from a transducer configured to convert a variable into an electrical signal, which is an audio signal output of a microphone such as a speaker's voice. Alternatively or additionally, transceiver 1016 can be configured to generate a baseband signal for transmission. In these and other examples, transceiver 1016 can be configured to send the baseband signal to another device, such as device 1014.

[0152] In some examples, device 1014 can be configured to receive transmissions from transceiver 1016. For example, transceiver 1016 can be configured to send baseband signals to device 1014.

[0153] In some examples, RF circuit 1004 can be configured to transmit digital signals received from digital transmitter 1002. In some examples, RF circuit 1004 can be configured to transmit digital signals to device 1014 and / or digital receiver 1006. In some examples, digital receiver 1006 can be configured to receive digital signals from RF circuit and / or transmit digital signals to processing device 1008.

[0154] In some examples, processing device 1008 may be a stand-alone device or system, as shown. Alternatively or additionally, processing device 1008 may be a component of another device and / or system. For example, in some examples, processing device 1008 may be included in transceiver 1016. In instances where processing device 1008 is a stand-alone device or system, processing device 1008 may be configured to communicate with another device and / or system remote from processing device 1008, such as transceiver 1016 and / or device 1014. For example, processing device 1008 may be configured to send and / or receive transmissions from transceiver 1016 and / or device 1014. In some examples, processing device 1008 may be combined with other elements of communication system 1000.

[0155] Fig.11A diagram of a machine in the example form of a computing device 1100 is shown, within which a set of instructions for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methods discussed herein may be executed. The computing system may be configured to implement or direct one or more operations associated with AP interference reduction. The computing device 1100 may include a rack-mounted server, a router computer, a server computer, a mainframe computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, or any computing device with at least one processor, etc., within which a set of instructions for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methods discussed herein may be executed. In an alternative example, the machine may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines in a local area network (LAN), an intranet, an extranet, or the Internet. The machine may operate in the capacity of a server machine in a client-server network environment. In addition, although only a single machine is shown, the term "machine" may also include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methods discussed herein.

[0156] The example computing device 1100 includes a processing device (e.g., a processor) 1102, a main memory 1104 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)), a static memory 1106 (e.g., flash memory, static random access memory (SRAM)), and a data storage device 1116, which communicate via a bus 1108.

[0157] The processing device 1102 represents one or more general-purpose processing devices, such as a microprocessor, a central processing unit, etc. More specifically, the processing device 1102 may include a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, or a processor that implements other instruction sets or a processor that implements a combination of instruction sets. The processing device 1102 may also include one or more special-purpose processing devices, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP), a network processor, etc. The processing device 1102 is configured to execute instructions 1126 for performing the operations and steps discussed herein.

[0158] The computing device 1100 may also include a network interface device 1122 that can communicate with the network 1118. The computing device 1100 may also include a display device 1110 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), an alphanumeric input device 1112 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 1114 (e.g., a mouse), and a signal generating device 1120 (e.g., a speaker). In at least one example, the display device 1110, the alphanumeric input device 1112, and the cursor control device 1114 may be combined into a single component or device (e.g., an LCD touch screen).

[0159] The data storage device 1116 may include a computer-readable storage medium 1124 on which is stored one or more sets of instructions 1126 that instantiate any one or more of the methods or functions described herein. The instructions 1126 may also reside completely or at least partially within the main memory 1104 and / or within the processing device 1102 during execution by the computing device 1100, the main memory 1104 and the processing device 1102 also constituting computer-readable media. Instructions may also be sent or received over the network 1118 via the network interface device 1122.

[0160] Although the computer-readable storage medium 1124 is shown as a single medium in the example, the term "computer-readable storage medium" may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database and / or associated caches and servers) that store one or more sets of instructions. The term "computer-readable storage medium" may also include any medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution by a machine and causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methods of the present disclosure. The term "computer-readable storage medium" may accordingly be considered to include, but is not limited to, solid-state memories, optical media, and magnetic media.

[0161] In some examples, the various components, modules, engines, and services described herein may be implemented as objects or processes executed on a computing system (e.g., as separate threads). Although some of the systems and methods described herein are generally described as being implemented in software (stored on hardware and / or executed by hardware), specific hardware implementations, or combinations of software and specific hardware implementations are possible and contemplated.

[0162] The terms used herein, especially in the appended claims (e.g., the bodies of the appended claims), are generally intended to be “open-ended” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “comprising” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” etc.).

[0163] Additionally, if a specific number of an introduced claim feature is intended, such intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such a recitation, such intent is not present. For example, to aid understanding, the following appended claims may include the use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim features. However, the use of such phrases should not be interpreted as implying that a claim feature introduced by the indefinite article "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim feature to an embodiment containing only one such feature, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more"); the same applies to the use of definite articles to introduce claim features.

[0164] Additionally, even if a particular number of an introduced claim feature is explicitly recited, it should be understood that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the mere recitation of "two features" without other modifiers means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Moreover, in those cases where a convention similar to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." or "one or more of A, B, and C, etc." is used, generally such a construction is intended to include A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B, and C together, etc. For example, the use of the term "and / or" is intended to be interpreted in this manner.

[0165] In addition, any disjunctive word or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the specification, claims or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibility of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both of the terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" should be understood to include the possibility of "A" or "B" or "A and B".

[0166] In addition, the use of the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. in this document is not necessarily used to imply a specific order or number of elements. In general, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used to distinguish between different elements as general identifiers. If the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are not shown to imply a specific order, these terms should not be understood to imply a specific order. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are not shown to mean a specific number of elements, and these terms should not be understood to imply a specific number of elements. For example, a first widget may be described as having a first side, while a second widget may be described as having a second side. The use of the term "second side" with respect to the second widget may be to distinguish this side of the second widget from the "first side" of the first widget, rather than to imply that the second widget has two sides.

[0167] All examples and conditional language described herein are intended for teaching purposes to help readers understand the present disclosure and the concepts that the inventors have contributed to promote the art, and should be interpreted as not being limited to these specifically described examples and conditions. Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An access point AP, comprising: A processing device is configured to: detecting one or more existing transmissions from existing devices; calculating an angle of arrival between the AP and the one or more existing transmissions received from the existing device; as well as generating an existing avoidance beam, wherein the existing avoidance beam is configured to transmit in one or more working directions to facilitate avoiding the existing device; as well as The transceiver is configured as: The existing avoidance beam is transmitted in the one or more working directions.

2. The access point according to claim 1, wherein: The existing avoidance beam includes one of the following: a low power indoor notch toward the angle of arrival between the AP and the one or more existing transmissions received from the existing device; or standard power notching in said one or more operating directions; or An antenna null is oriented toward the angle of arrival between the AP and the one or more existing transmissions received from the existing device.

3. The access point according to claim 1, wherein: The existing transmission is detected using the following information: A correlation between the one or more existing transmissions and one or more of an existing preamble or an existing pilot of the one or more existing transmissions.

4. The access point according to claim 1, wherein: The processing device is further configured to: One or more existing signal parameters are received at the AP from an automatic frequency coordination (AFC) server, the one or more existing signal parameters being for the existing device within a communication range of the AP.

5. The access point according to claim 1, wherein: The processing device is further configured to: One or more of an AP location or an existing location is received at the AP from an AFC server.

6. An access point AP, comprising: A processing device is configured to: receiving, at the AP, one or more existing signal parameters for existing devices from an automatic frequency coordination (AFC) server; calculating an angle of arrival between the AP and an existing transmission received from the existing device based on the one or more existing signal parameters; as well as generating an existing avoidance beam, wherein the existing avoidance beam is configured to transmit in one or more working directions to avoid the existing device; as well as The transceiver is configured as: The existing avoidance beam is transmitted in the one or more working directions.

7. The access point according to claim 6, wherein: The existing avoidance beam includes one of the following: a low power indoor notch toward the angle of arrival between the AP and the existing transmission received from the existing device; or standard power notching in said one or more operating directions; or An antenna null is oriented toward the angle of arrival between the AP and the existing transmission received from the existing device.

8. The access point according to claim 6, wherein: The processing device is further configured to: One or more of an AP location or an existing location is received at the AP from the AFC server.

9. An access point AP, comprising: a transceiver configured to receive a backhaul transmission from a backhaul device; as well as A processing device is configured to: detecting the backhaul transmission from the backhaul device; as well as calculating an angle of arrival between the AP and the backhaul transmission from the backhaul device, and The backhaul transmission is detected using one or more of the following: signaling assistance in the backhaul transmission, or The AP preamble in the backhaul transmission, or A correlation between the backhaul transmission and one or more of a backhaul preamble or a backhaul pilot.

10. The access point according to claim 9, wherein: The processing device is further configured to: generating a backhaul avoidance beam, wherein the backhaul avoidance beam is configured to transmit in one or more working directions to avoid the backhaul transmission of the backhaul device; and The backhaul avoidance beam includes one of the following: a low power indoor notch, the low power indoor notch being directed toward the angle of arrival between the AP and the backhaul transmission of the backhaul device; or Standard power notching in said one or more operating directions; or an antenna null point, the antenna null point being toward the angle of arrival between the AP and the backhaul transmission of the backhaul device; and The processing device is further configured to: One or more of an AP position or a backhaul position is calculated based on the angle of arrival.

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