Pruning method for improving yield and quality of soilless culture Chinese rose cut flowers

Abstract

The invention provides a pruning method for improving yield and quality of soilless culture Chinese rose cut flowers, which comprises the following steps: according to the diameter of a flowering branch 1 cm above a second bud point counted upwards from the base part of the flowering branch, dividing the flowering branch into four grades and carrying out differential pruning: the diameter of the grade A is 8-12mm, and flat pruning is carried out at a position 1 cm above a fifth or sixth bud point; the diameter of the grade B is 7-8 mm, and flat shearing is carried out at the position 1 cm above the fourth bud point; the diameter of the C grade is 6-7 mm, and flat shearing is carried out at the position 1 cm above the second bud point; the D-grade diameter is 5-6 mm, bud points are not reserved, and pruning is carried out from the base parts of the flowering branches. According to the method, different diameters of flowering branches are trimmed differently by utilizing the germination law and development characteristics of axillary buds at different node positions of the flowering branches, so that the number of second-grade flowering branches of the next crop is remarkably increased, the yield of the Chinese rose is increased, the flowering period is shortened, and the invalid biomass is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of soilless facility cultivation of cut roses, and specifically relates to a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of cut roses through precise pruning under soilless facility cultivation conditions. Background Art

[0002] Rose is known as the "Queen of Flowers" and has extremely high economic value and cultural implications. Rose is the largest cut flower crop in my country, with sales accounting for more than 30% of all cut flowers. The yield of red rose varieties is generally low, which is the bottleneck in the current soilless cultivation of roses. The yield of roses depends on the number of axillary buds that germinate and the time it takes for the axillary buds to develop into harvestable flower branches. The more axillary buds that germinate, the shorter the time it takes for the axillary buds to develop into harvestable flower branches, and the higher the yield. In rose cultivation and production, pruning and topping are often used to break the apical dominance and promote the germination of axillary buds to increase the yield of roses. However, the existing pruning technology ignores the germination characteristics of axillary buds at different nodes of the flower branches. All flower branches above 6 mm are uniformly pruned with 2-3 buds, which significantly affects the yield and quality of rose cut flowers, especially the improvement of the yield and quality of low-yield red rose varieties. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems in existing production, the present invention divides the diameter of the flower branches into four levels according to the germination characteristics of the axillary buds of the flower branches, and performs differential pruning according to the diameters of the flower branches, which significantly improves the yield and quality of roses and the harvest index, and increases the economic benefits of rose cut flower production.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A pruning method for improving the yield and quality of soilless cultured rose cut flowers comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) According to the diameter of the flower branch 1 cm above the second bud point from the base of the cut flower branch, the cut flower branches are divided into four grades: Grade A diameter is 8 mm-12 mm, Grade B diameter is 7 mm-8 mm, Grade C diameter is 6 mm-7 mm, and Grade D diameter is 5 mm-6 mm;

[0007] (2) Different pruning is performed according to the grade of the cut flower branches: Grade A cut flower branches retain 5-6 buds and are pruned 1 cm above the 5th or 6th bud from the base of the cut flower branches; Grade B cut flower branches retain 4 buds and are pruned 1 cm above the 4th bud from the base of the cut flower branches; Grade C cut flower branches retain 2 buds and are pruned 1 cm above the 2nd bud from the base of the cut flower branches; Grade D cut flower branches do not retain buds and are pruned from the base of the flower branches.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects: making full use of the germination characteristics of the axillary buds of the flower branches, and performing precise and differentiated pruning according to the diameter of the flower branches, the yield of each flower crop is increased by 21.7%, the flowering cycle of each flower crop is shortened by 4 days, and the ineffective biomass per mu is reduced by 9.1 kg. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 The effect of different pruning methods on the germination of axillary buds of rose 'Gaoyuanhong'.

[0010] In the figure, A and C: All cut flower branches are pruned with 2 buds, and only one secondary flower branch can be sprouted; B and D: Differential pruning is performed according to the diameter of the cut flower branches, and 5 buds are pruned for the A-level cut flower branches, and two secondary flower branches will sprout after pruning. 1 represents the first bud, 2 represents the second bud, 3 represents the third bud, 4 represents the fourth bud, and 5 represents the fifth bud.

[0011] Figure 2 This paper studies the effects of different pruning methods on the axillary bud germination of the red rose variety 'Qi Xi'.

[0012] In the figure, A and C: All cut flower branches are pruned with 2 buds, and only one secondary flower branch can be sprouted; B and D: Differential pruning is performed according to the diameter of the cut flower branches, and 5 buds are pruned for the A-level cut flower branches, and two secondary flower branches will sprout after pruning. 1 represents the first bud, 2 represents the second bud, 3 represents the third bud, 4 represents the fourth bud, and 5 represents the fifth bud.

[0013] Figure 3 Effects of different pruning methods on the length of flower branches and ineffective biomass of rose 'Qi Xi'.

[0014] In the figure, A and C: All cut flower branches are pruned with 2 buds, and the length of the cut flower branches is generally much longer than 70cm. B and D: Differential pruning is performed according to the diameter of the cut flower branches, and the length of the flower branches is slightly longer than 70cm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0016] The rose cut flower 'Qi Xi' is planted and produced using the soilless substrate cultivation method. The spacing between substrate troughs is 1m, and the seedlings are planted in the substrate troughs. There are two rows of planting in the troughs, with a row spacing of 30cm-40cm and a plant spacing of 15cm-20cm. It is managed according to the general rose soilless cultivation field management method.

[0017] Comparative Example:

[0018] (1) For branches with a stem diameter greater than 6 mm, 1 cm above the second bud, keep two buds and perform flat pruning;

[0019] (2) For the next crop of cut flowers, continue to prune in the same way as to retain two buds.

[0020] Example:

[0021] (1) According to the diameter of the flower branch stem 1 cm above the second bud point from the base of the cut flower branch, the cut flower branches are divided into 4 grades: Grade A: flower branch diameter is 8mm-12mm; Grade B: flower branch diameter is 7mm-8mm; Grade C: flower branch diameter is 6mm-7mm; Grade D: flower branch diameter is 5mm-6mm.

[0022] (2) Prune the branches according to their grade. For grade A branches, count from the first axillary bud at the base of the branch and keep 5 buds; for grade B branches, count from the first axillary bud at the base of the branch and keep 4 buds; for grade C branches, count from the first axillary bud at the base of the branch and keep 2 buds; for grade D branches, do not keep any buds and prune from the base of the branch; for grade A, B, and C branches, cut flat 1 cm above the remaining buds. Figure 1 and 2 .

[0023] (3) Measure the diameter of the next generation of cut flower branches produced on the mother stump after pruning. If the diameter of the cut flower branches is greater than 6 mm, prune according to this rule, that is, leave 5-6 buds on A-level branches, 4 buds on B-level branches, and 2 buds on C-level branches. If the diameter of the next generation of cut flower branches produced on the mother stump after pruning is less than 6 mm, do not retain the buds and thin them out from the base of the flower branches.

[0024] Compared with the comparative example, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] (1) The pruning method of the present invention increases the yield of roses. When high-position pruning is performed on grade A flower branches, the number of secondary flower branches produced in the next batch increases by 55.6%; when high-position pruning is performed on grade B flower branches, the number of secondary flower branches produced in the next batch increases by 42.9%. Among the high-position pruned primary flower branches, grade A flowers account for 24.2% and grade B flowers account for 19.4%, so the yield of each batch of flowers increases by 21.7%.

[0026] (2) The flowering cycle is shortened by 4 days. The present invention utilizes the fact that the axillary buds at high nodes of the flower branches germinate faster than those at low nodes and have a shorter flowering cycle. By pruning the high nodes, the axillary buds at high nodes develop into commercial cut flower branches, shortening the growth cycle of the flower branches and improving production efficiency.

[0027] (3) Ineffective biomass (the percentage of fresh weight of cut flower branches to total fresh weight of flower branches) was reduced by 9.1 kg per mu, which improved production efficiency. In production, flower branches longer than 70 cm are classified as Grade 1. Flower branches longer than 70 cm will be cut off and treated as garbage, and are considered as ineffective biomass ( Figure 3 ), will increase enterprise costs, the length of the flower branches produced by the pruning method of the present invention is slightly longer than 70cm, reducing the ineffective biomass.

Claims

1. A pruning method for improving the yield and quality of soilless cultured rose cut flowers, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) According to the diameter of the flower branch 1 cm above the second bud point from the base of the cut flower branch, the cut flower branches are divided into four grades: Grade A diameter is 8 mm-12 mm, Grade B diameter is 7 mm-8 mm, Grade C diameter is 6 mm-7 mm, and Grade D diameter is 5 mm-6 mm; (2) Different pruning is performed according to the grade of the cut flower branches: for grade A cut flower branches, cut horizontally 1 cm above the 5th or 6th bud from the base of the cut flower branch; for grade B cut flower branches, cut horizontally 1 cm above the 4th bud from the base of the cut flower branch; for grade C cut flower branches, cut horizontally 1 cm above the 2nd bud from the base of the cut flower branch; for grade D cut flower branches, do not retain the buds and prune from the base of the branch.

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