Cultivation method for dwarfing and close planting of passion fruits

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of passion fruit planting, in particular to a passion fruit dwarfing and close planting cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps of furrow preparation, support frame building, field planting, main vine pruning, primary vine pruning, tree shape shaping and harvesting. The support frame comprises two upright brackets which are arranged in parallel, inverted triangular brackets which are arranged at the middle upper part of each upright bracket and take the upright bracket as a central axis, and pull wires which are respectively and correspondingly connected with three vertexes of the two inverted triangular brackets; the pull wire comprises a first pull wire and a second pull wire which are located at a first height, and a third pull wire located at a second height; the tree shape shaping comprises the steps of controlling the height of a main vine at a third height; a first-stage vine germinated by the main vine higher than the fourth height is pulled to the first pull line or the second pull line; a first-stage vine germinating from the main vine located at the fifth height is made to grow upwards and pulled to the first pull wire or the second pull wire. By means of the cultivation method, the field production time can be greatly shortened, and the land utilization rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of passion fruit planting, and in particular to a passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) is a perennial vine plant. The growth and development of its flower buds are characterized by the growth of fruiting vine branches, resulting in the main vine, primary, secondary and tertiary vines growing in sequence in the fruiting vines. The primary and secondary vines are the main fruiting vines, and their yield accounts for more than 82.4% of the total yield, while the main vine and tertiary fruiting vine have less yield, which is related to the fact that the main vine mainly grows in nutrition and the tertiary vine grows later. Among them, the yield formed by the flowering and fruiting of the primary and secondary fruiting vines is the early yield, and the fruit quality of the fruit set before the high temperature from April to June is the best, and the market price is at a relatively high level. Therefore, increasing the number of primary and secondary vine branches in the early stage of passion fruit is of great significance to increasing yield and improving economic benefits.

[0003] In production, the "one planting per year" cultivation method is adopted, and it is regarded as a specialty fruit that can generate profits in the same year it is planted. In recent years, its industry has developed rapidly and it is cultivated in many provinces and cities in my country. To a certain extent, it has become one of the local specialty fruit industries. Its corresponding cultivation area and cultivation area are expanding year by year, but it is easily restricted by environmental differences in different cultivation areas, which affects the yield and quality. At present, in order to increase the yield of passion fruit, diversified cultivation techniques such as high-density cultivation, frame cultivation and facility cultivation are used in production, and the above cultivation techniques are all based on the multi-level fruiting vine cultivation mode (traditional cultivation mode, as shown in Figure 1). In the multi-level fruiting vine cultivation mode, the field growth period of passion fruit is relatively long. After planting in mid-March of the year, it can be harvested until February of the following year under frost-free conditions. However, after planting, passion fruit is easily affected by fluctuations in meteorological factors such as temperature in different seasons. For example, extreme low temperature and rainy season after planting in March affect plant growth and development, high temperature in summer affects flowering and fruiting period, and early frost in autumn and winter can prompt the early end of field production time, resulting in poor stability of passion fruit yield and fruit quality in field production, and the inability to give full play to the potential of passion fruit yield and quality. Therefore, how to increase the number of fruiting vine branches per unit within limited suitable climatic conditions, and select appropriate cultivation modes based on local climate and other environmental factors to further improve passion fruit yield and fruit quality, has become the primary problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation method for dwarfing and densely planting passion fruit.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, one of the technical solutions provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting cultivation method comprises the following steps:

[0007] Bed preparation, support frame erection, planting, main vine pruning, primary vine pruning, tree shaping, and harvesting;

[0008] The support frame includes two upright supports arranged in parallel, an inverted triangle support with the upright support as the central axis at the middle and upper part of each upright support, and traction lines corresponding to the three vertices of the two inverted triangle supports, the traction lines include a first traction line and a second traction line located at a first height, and a third traction line located at a second height; the first height is higher than the second height;

[0009] The tree shaping includes:

[0010] Controlling the height of the main vine to a third height, wherein the third height is 75% to 90% of the height of the upright support;

[0011] Pulling the primary vines sprouting from the main vines higher than the fourth height to the first pulling line or the second pulling line;

[0012] The primary vines sprouting from the main vines at the fifth height are made to grow upward and be pulled to the first pulling line or the second pulling line, wherein the fifth height is greater than 80% and less than 90% of the height of the upright support;

[0013] The fourth height is higher than the fifth height and higher than the sixth height.

[0014] In one embodiment, the fourth height is 90% or more of the height of the upright support.

[0015] In one embodiment, the primary vines sprouting from the main vines at the sixth height are made to grow downward;

[0016] The sixth height is greater than 50% and less than 80% of the height of the upright support.

[0017] In one embodiment, the width of the side of the inverted triangle bracket that is perpendicular to the upright bracket is 25% to 40% of the height of the upright bracket.

[0018] In one embodiment, the furrow preparation includes: tilling the soil, applying base fertilizer, and raising the furrow;

[0019] The width of the planting bed is 40 to 60 cm, the height of the planting bed is 30 cm, and the interval between adjacent planting beds is 20 to 30 cm.

[0020] In one embodiment, the implantation comprises:

[0021] Planting holes are set in each ridge with a spacing of 80 to 100 cm between plants.

[0022] The seedlings with a height of 15 to 20 cm and a diameter of 0.20 to 0.35 cm are cultivated to planted seedlings with a height of 50% to 75% of the height of the upright support.

[0023] In one embodiment, the method for determining the implantation time comprises:

[0024] Get local weather data information;

[0025] Calculating the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature, and the changing trend of the difference within the first duration;

[0026] If the difference value changes in a trend of gradually decreasing and the time during which the temperature is lower than the first temperature during the first duration tends to be shorter, it is determined to be an appropriate planting time.

[0027] In one embodiment, the support frame further includes a fourth traction line connecting the intersection of the two upright supports and the inverted triangle support, and a fifth traction line connecting the two upright supports at a first distance below the vertex; preferably, the first distance is 1.5% to 3.5% of the height of the upright supports;

[0028] After being planted, the main vine is cross-bound with the third traction line, the fourth traction line and the fifth traction line in sequence.

[0029] In one embodiment, the main vine pruning comprises:

[0030] Prune the main vine that has grown to the fourth height to the third height;

[0031] The side branches located below the seventh height are removed, and the seventh height is less than 50% of the height of the upright support.

[0032] In one embodiment, the first-level vine pruning comprises:

[0033] For the first-level vines that hang down to within 30cm from the ground, prune them as follows:

[0034] For the first-level vines without fruits, cut off the branches beyond 30cm from the base of the first-level vines;

[0035] For primary vines with 8 or more fruits, cut off branches other than the 8th fruit-bearing position.

[0036] Based on the above, compared with the prior art, the passion fruit cultivation method provided by the present invention can provide a higher planting density and can significantly shorten the field production time. The subsequent planting area can be left fallow or rotated, thereby improving land utilization.

[0037] Other features and beneficial effects of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other beneficial effects of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. The positional relationships described in the drawings in the following description are based on the directions in which the components are drawn in the diagrams, unless otherwise specified.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of multi-stage fruiting vine cultivation in the prior art. Figure 1 (Left) is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional passion fruit planting. Figure 1 (Right) is a schematic diagram of the growth of vines at various levels on the passion fruit trellis;

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of dwarfing and dense planting of passion fruit provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the shaping and pruning of the main vine and primary vine provided by the present invention.

[0042] Reference numerals:

[0043] 10. Planting bed; 20. Support frame; 21. Upright support; 22. Inverted triangle support; 23. First traction line; 24. Second traction line; 25. Third traction line; 26. Fourth traction line; 27. Fifth traction line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; the technical features designed in different implementation modes of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that all terms used in the present invention (including technical terms and scientific terms) have the same meanings as those generally understood by ordinary technicians in the field to which the present invention belongs, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention; it should be further understood that the terms used in the present invention should be understood to have the same meanings as these terms in the context of this specification and in the relevant fields, and should not be understood in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless explicitly defined in the present invention.

[0046] The embodiment of the present invention provides a passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step 1, bed preparation; bed preparation is mainly to provide a good growth environment for passion fruit. The bed preparation includes: soil tillage, application of base fertilizer, and bed raising; in a specific embodiment of the present invention, soil tillage, application of base fertilizer, and bed raising are completed by the end of February of the same year, a water-fertilizer integrated irrigation pipe is laid in the middle of the surface of the planting bed 10, and then the planting bed 10 is covered with a silver film. Among them, the width of the planting bed 10 is 40 to 60 cm, the height of the planting bed 10 is 30 cm, and the interval between adjacent planting beds 10 (also understood as the width of the furrow, referred to as "furrow width") is 20 to 30 cm. Based on the structural design of the above-mentioned planting bed 10, it can be found that:

[0048] First, the bed surface designed by the present invention is relatively small, specifically, the planting bed width is 40-60 cm, the bed height is 30 cm, and the ditch width is 20-30 cm, which is conducive to artificial irrigation of water and fertilizer and agricultural operations. Compared with the traditional passion fruit planting bed surface (bed width is 160-180 cm, ditch width is 20-40 cm), when pruning branches, you can stand in the bed ditch and stretch out your hands to shape and prune the branches, which can avoid the bed surface being too wide so that the bed surface needs to be manually stepped on during agricultural operations, which is easy to cause damage to the surface roots of the bed; that is, in agricultural operations such as branch pruning, it is convenient for growers to stand in the ditch to operate, which can reduce human trampling on the bed surface and affect root growth.

[0049] Secondly, the passion fruit field production time of the embodiment of the present invention is relatively short, from March to September, the root growth amount is smaller than the traditional flat-shed cultivation mode (after field planting in mid-March of the same year, frost-free conditions can be harvested to February of the following year), if a relatively wide furrow is adopted, it is easy to cause some soil layers to have no root system or few root systems, and the nutrients will diffuse into the whole furrow, and some nutrients cannot be absorbed and utilized by the plants, resulting in water and fertilizer loss, which will also increase the cost of agricultural materials; and the furrow specifications in the present invention are adopted, which is conducive to concentrated root growth, and when using water and fertilizer drip irrigation, water and nutrients can be fully absorbed and utilized;

[0050] Therefore, by adopting the bed surface, bed height and bed ditch design of the present invention, the number of planting beds per unit area can be increased, and according to the planting characteristics of the present invention (the single-plant yield is mainly composed of the main vine and the primary vine, which is lower than the single-plant yield in the traditional cultivation mode, and the number of plants needs to be increased to obtain the per-acre yield), it is beneficial to increase the planting density, thereby achieving one of the conditions for increasing the yield effect.

[0051] Step 2: Build support frame 20; please also refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The support frame 20 includes two upright supports 21 arranged in parallel, an inverted triangle support 22 with the upright support as the central axis in the middle and upper part of each upright support 21, and traction lines corresponding to the three vertices of the two inverted triangle supports 22, the traction lines include a first traction line 23 (B1B2 line) and a second traction line 24 (C1C2 line) located at a first height, and a third traction line 25 (E1E2 line) located at a second height; the first height is higher than the second height;

[0052] One of the functions of the support with an inverted triangle structure is to make the bottom side of the inverted triangle support perpendicular to the upright support have better stability. At the same time, compared with the regular triangle structure, the inverted triangle has stronger support. Due to the inward retraction of the hypotenuse, the influence on the branches hanging down through the first traction line (B1B2 line) and the second traction line (C1C2 line) can be reduced, so as to fully open the hanging branches, keep the interior of the support frame ventilated, and avoid the occurrence of diseases; the second is to open the primary branches and grow them downward, which can avoid the branches. First, the leaves overlap and block each other's growth, affecting light. The leaves cannot fully utilize sunlight, which is not conducive to the accumulation of organic nutrients, thus affecting fruit yield and quality. Third, it is conducive to water and fertilizer management. For example, when foliar fertilizer is used, each leaf can be more evenly moisturized by the water containing foliar fertilizer. Fourth, the branches and vines are spread out, and effective fruit-bearing branches can be identified, which is conducive to pruning diseased and weak branches and nutrient branches (non-fruiting branches). Fifth, it is conducive to the easy identification of the fruit attachment position and maturity when the fruit matures in the later stage, so that it can be harvested in time.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the support frame 20 also includes a fourth traction line 26 (D1D2 line) connecting the intersection of the two upright supports 21 and the inverted triangle support 22, and a fifth traction line 27 (A1A2 line) connecting the two upright supports 21 at a first distance below the vertex; the third traction line (E1E2 line) 25, the fourth traction line 26 (D1D2 line), and the fifth traction line 27 (A1A2 line) are set in the present invention. First, they play a supporting role. After the seedlings are planted, the main vine is first cross-bound with the third traction line 25 (E1E2 line), and then cross-bound with the fourth traction line 26 (D1D2 line) and the fifth traction line 27 (A1A2 line) in sequence when growing upward, so as to prevent the plant from falling to the ground due to external factors such as wind after planting and keep it upright; second, it prevents the primary vine from growing too much (leaves, fruits), the main vine is loaded too heavily, and the main vine is pulled to cause lodging; third, the plants can be planted neatly, which is conducive to unified agricultural operations, such as branch and vine shaping and pruning. Preferably, to facilitate setting of the connection structure, the first distance is 1.5% to 3.5% of the height of the upright support 21; the width of the side of the inverted triangle support perpendicular to the upright support is 25% to 40% of the height of the upright support.

[0054] For specific implementation, please refer to Figure 2 , using plated angle iron (40mm×40mm) as the main body, wherein the upright bracket 21 adopts a vertical angle iron of 200cm in length (inserted 20cm underground to increase stability, and the ground including the bed height is 180cm), and a structure for connecting the fifth traction line 27 (A1A2 line) is reserved at A 5cm away from the top (corresponding to A1 and A2 on the two upright brackets 21, respectively), and a small hole for the bottom edge of the inverted triangle bracket 22 to pass through is reserved at D 20cm away from the top (corresponding to D1 and D2 on the two upright brackets 21, respectively), and a small hole for connecting the third traction line 25 (E1E2 line) is reserved at E 100cm away from the top (corresponding to E1 and E2 on the two upright brackets 21, respectively). Structure; the bottom side length of the inverted triangle bracket 22 is 65 to 75 cm, and a structure is reserved at the middle D (corresponding to D1 and D2 on the two upright brackets 21) for connecting the fourth traction line 26 (D1D2 line), and structures for connecting the first traction line 23 (B1B2 line) and the second traction line (C1C2 line) 24 are reserved at B (corresponding to B1 and B2 on the inverted triangle bracket 22) and C (corresponding to C1 and C2 on the inverted triangle bracket 22) at both ends of the bottom side of the inverted triangle bracket 22 (using transverse angle irons); the above structures for connecting the traction lines can be a number of small holes, and the specifications of the small holes are consistent. For example, the diameter of the small holes can be 0.5 cm.

[0055] Insert the lower 50cm of the two upright supports 21 (20cm from the ground surface, the height of the planting bed 10 is 30cm) vertically into both ends of the planting bed 10, and set the upright supports 21 in the middle of the bed at an appropriate interval of 4m according to the length of the planting bed 10;

[0056] Weld the two upright brackets 21 and the bottom edge of the inverted triangle bracket 22 at D1 and D2 to form a vertical cross, and use new plated angle iron to weld B and E, C and E, respectively, to form the inverted triangle bracket 22;

[0057] Plastic steel wire (diameter 2.5-3.0 mm) is used as a traction line, and the highest point A, the widest point B, C, the middle point D of the bottom edge of the inverted triangle bracket 22, and the E (100 cm from the top) of the upright bracket 21 of all the support columns in the same bed are respectively connected to form a passion fruit "five-line" planting support frame 20. The present invention uses a "five-line" planting frame (with a height of 180 cm) composed of an upright bracket 21, an inverted triangle bracket 22 and a traction line, which changes the traditional flat shed planting frame (with a height of 180-200 cm), and is conducive to the climbing, support and drooping growth of passion fruit vines.

[0058] Step 3, planting; the planting includes: setting planting holes in each furrow according to the plant spacing of 80 to 100 cm; the existing technology is mainly a multi-level fruiting vine cultivation mode, such as the one provided by the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of multi-level fruiting vine cultivation, the overall crown width of the plant (i.e., the growth range on the flat shed) is relatively large. According to the annual growth (main vine, primary vine, secondary vine, and tertiary vine grow in sequence), the plant spacing in the prior art generally needs to be controlled at about 2 meters, and some areas or technologies can even be larger, for example, the plant spacing is 3 to 4 meters, mainly to avoid lush branches and leaves in the later stage, cross-overlapping, which will cause shading under the shed and form more invalid branches (non-fruiting branches), and fail to achieve the expected yield effect; while the plant in the present invention is mainly composed of the main vine (growing upward) and the primary vine (growing downward), and the overall crown width of the plant is much smaller than that of the prior art, generally between 0.8 and 1.0 meters. Therefore, the method of the present invention is used in production to increase the planting density (600 to 800 plants / acre).

[0059] The seedlings with a height of 15 to 20 cm and a diameter of 0.20 to 0.35 cm are cultivated to planted seedlings with a height of 50% to 75% of the height of the upright support.

[0060] In specific implementation, according to the planting density of 600-800 plants / mu, that is, on each furrow, the planting holes are designed according to the plant spacing of 80-100 cm. Based on the above method characteristics of the present invention, higher density cultivation can be supported, such as planting 600-800 plants per mu, while the traditional cultivation density is 100-120 plants / mu for purple fruits and 200-220 plants / mu for yellow fruits.

[0061] In December of the previous year, the passion fruit seedlings (the specifications of the seedlings are preferably: 15-20 cm in height and 0.20-0.35 cm in diameter) are replaced with large cups (the specifications of the nutrient cups are preferably: 14-16 cm in height and 16-18 cm in diameter), and then the seedling management is strengthened, and finally the seedlings are cultivated into planted seedlings with a height of 100-150 cm. Further, according to meteorological data, the weather conditions in mid-to-late March are sorted out. When the minimum temperature is higher than 15°C for 3 consecutive days and the temperature changes are relatively stable in the next 15 days, it can be planted.

[0062] At present, passion fruit is widely planted in tropical and subtropical areas. The average temperature is above 18℃, which is more suitable for its growth. Therefore, passion fruit planting has certain requirements for temperature.

[0063] Therefore, the present invention provides a method for determining the implantation time, comprising the following steps:

[0064] Step 1: Obtain local meteorological data information;

[0065] Different varieties of passion fruit can withstand different degrees of low temperature, but their suitable growth temperature is relatively consistent. In terms of production, temperature changes are generally judged based on relevant data from the local meteorological department combined with production experience as a basis for whether to plant. The production experience is mainly based on the planting and production records and experience of previous years. The relevant data from the local meteorological department is mainly the past temperature, current temperature and future temperature changes, such as checking the local weather station data, the mobile phone's own weather APP, the "know the weather" APP, etc., about temperature changes as a basis;

[0066] Step 2, calculating the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature, and the changing trend of the difference within the first duration;

[0067] If the difference value changes in a trend of gradually decreasing and the time during which the temperature is lower than the first temperature during the first duration tends to be shorter, it is determined to be an appropriate planting time.

[0068] Mainly based on the above-mentioned meteorological data information, the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature is calculated (the difference becomes smaller, and the difference is closer in the past 15 days), combined with the duration of the temperature below 15°C (the duration becomes smaller, and the duration of the temperature below 15°C in the past 15 days is shorter or tends to shorten, or the temperature is continuously above 15°C), to comprehensively judge the temperature stability suitable for passion fruit growth, and thus determine the planting time.

[0069] Step 4, main vine pruning; wherein, the main vine pruning includes: pruning the main vine that has grown to the fourth height to the third height, the third height being 75% to 90% of the height of the upright support; the fourth height being 90% or more of the height of the upright support; removing the side branches below the seventh height, the seventh height being less than 50% of the height of the upright support.

[0070] In specific implementation, after the seedlings are planted, a strong branch is cultivated as the main vine. According to normal field management, when the main vine grows to 180-200 cm, the plant is pruned to a height of 150-180 cm from the ground, and the side branches below 50 cm from the ground are removed, and the side branches above 50 cm in height are retained as the primary fruiting vines.

[0071] The invention changes the traditional passion fruit plant height (180-200 cm) by regulating the overall height of the passion fruit plant to 150-180 cm, thereby achieving nutritional balance that is beneficial to the growth of primary vines and fruit setting on the primary vines.

[0072] Step 5, primary vine pruning; wherein, the primary vine pruning includes: pruning the primary vines that hang down to within 30 cm from the ground in the following manner: for primary vines without fruits, cut off the branches outside 30 cm from the base of the primary vine; for primary vines with 8 fruits or more, cut off the branches outside the 8th fruit-bearing position.

[0073] During the specific implementation, the first-level vine branches are pruned when they grow down to 20-30 cm from the ground. The specific functions are: first, to control the total length of the fruiting branches, and at the same time control the fruiting amount of the branches, to ensure that the fruits on each fruiting vine are fully supplied with a large amount of nutrients, to avoid the branches being too long and the fruiting amount being too large, resulting in small fruits and insufficient nutrient supply, etc., which affect the yield and fruit quality (such as size and acidity), and reduce the economic benefits; second, "pruning at 20-30 cm from the ground" can keep the fruit at a certain distance from the ground to avoid contact with the soil and rainwater, causing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and the surface of the fruit is splashed by rainwater and left marks, affecting the appearance of the fruit; third, there are no fruiting vine branches blocking 20-30 cm from the ground, which is conducive to the use of water and fertilizer irrigation, topdressing, pruning, harvesting and transportation (harvesting frame towing, etc.) Farming operations, to avoid artificial mechanical damage to the fruit;

[0074] If the first-level vine has no fruit, cut off the branches 30cm away from the base of the first-level vine. If the number of fruits on the first-level vine reaches 8, immediately cut off the branches beyond the 8th fruit-bearing position to keep the number of fruits on the first-level fruit-bearing vine branches within 8. The purpose of controlling the number of fruits on the first-level vine within 8 is mainly to ensure the quality of the fruit. If the best quality is large, juicy, and high in soluble solids, if the number of fruits is 8 or more, it may cause insufficient supply of nutrients on the branches, resulting in small fruits and sour taste, affecting the quality and reducing the economic benefits. In addition, due to the large number of fruits, the early fruit expansion period of the same branch will inevitably compete with the subsequent flower buds and flowering and fruiting for nutrients, which may easily cause the subsequent flower buds to abort, or uneven flowering, low fruiting rate and other problems; at the same time, if the number of fruits is within 8, the length of the first-level fruit-bearing vine is basically close to the lower part of the plant, or close to "20 to 30 cm from the ground."

[0075] In the present invention, the primary vine as a whole is drooping growth, flowering and fruiting, and the fruitless branches are cut off, the number of fruits per branch is controlled to be 1 to 8, and the branches are about 20 to 30 cm from the ground; the traditional passion fruit planting is that the main vine grows upward to the trellis, and then the top is pinched or not, and 4 primary vines are cultivated and grow in different horizontal directions, and the fruiting branches of the present invention are composed of the main vine (within the range of 80 to 150 cm from the ground) and the primary vine fruiting branches (with a length of 30 to 120 cm); the traditional passion fruit fruiting branches are composed of the main vine, the primary vine, the secondary vine and the tertiary vine branches. In this way, the utilization rate of the primary vine is greatly improved in the present invention, which reduces the waste of multi-level vines in the process of nutrient transmission, or causes uneven absorption of nutrients in the fruit, thereby affecting the overall quality of the fruit.

[0076] Step 6: tree shaping; wherein the tree shaping includes:

[0077] Controlling the height of the main vine to a third height, wherein the third height is 75% to 90% of the height of the upright support;

[0078] Pulling the primary vines sprouting from the main vines higher than the fourth height to the first pulling line 23 (B1B2 line) or the second pulling line 24 (C1C2 line), wherein the fourth height is 90% or more of the height of the upright support;

[0079] The primary vines sprouting from the main vines at the fifth height are made to grow upward and be pulled to the first pulling line 23 (B1B2 line) or the second pulling line 24 (C1C2 line), and the fifth height is greater than 80% and less than 90% of the height of the upright support;

[0080] The primary vines sprouting from the main vines at the sixth height are made to grow downward, wherein the sixth height is greater than 50% and less than 80% of the height of the upright support;

[0081] The fourth height is higher than the fifth height and higher than the sixth height.

[0082] The tree shaping of the present invention is mainly based on the characteristics that passion fruit flower buds are differentiated and formed as new shoots sprout and grow, and that new shoots have a certain childhood (i.e., no flowering and fruiting characteristics) after sprouting. After the new shoots sprout, generally, flower buds appear after 5 to 10 mature leaves and at a suitable temperature, that is, the flower bud differentiation phenomenon will not appear until the new shoot branches grow about 30 cm. Therefore, branches with different heights are used to control their crossing and drooping, mainly to increase the total length of the branches and avoid the branches being too short, resulting in a small fruit yield and failing to reach the actual yield target.

[0083] For example, "the primary vine that sprouts 40 to 100 cm from the top grows downward;" because this branch is located at a lower position, the side buds sprout first. If they grow upward and cross and hang down, they will compete with the main vine for nutrients in the early stage. When the main vine is topped and pruned, the plant's nutrients will mainly be supplied to the growth of the primary vine branches at this location, which is not conducive to the germination and growth of the side buds behind the node. Therefore, the branches at this height grow directly downward and are pruned 20 to 30 cm from the ground to keep the total length small, so as to effectively control the diversion of the plant's nutrients, which is beneficial to the germination of the remaining side buds to form a large number of primary vine fruiting branches.

[0084] In the specific implementation, the height of the upright support 21 used is 200 cm, so the tree shaping includes:

[0085] (1) Control the height of the main vine branches to 150-180 cm;

[0086] (2) The primary vines sprouting from the main vines 20 cm or more from the top of the upright support 21 are crossed over the first traction line 23 (B1B2 line) or the second traction line 24 (C1C2 line), and then grow downward;

[0087] (3) The primary vines sprouting from the main vines 20 to 40 cm away from the top of the upright support 21 first grow upward and cross the first traction line 23 (B1B2 line) or the second traction line 24 (C1C2 line), and then grow downward;

[0088] (4) The primary vine branches sprouting from the main vine 40 to 100 cm away from the top of the upright support 21 are allowed to grow downward;

[0089] (5) Refer to steps 4 and 5 for pruning the remaining main vines and primary vines.

[0090] Step 7, harvesting; specifically, the harvesting time is mid-to-late September, when the first-grade vine fruits are harvested according to the commercial fruit maturity requirements.

[0091] In the present invention, the passion fruit field production time starts from planting in mid-to-late March and ends in mid-to-late September, which can shorten the field production time. Thereafter, the plantation can be left fallow or rotated to improve land utilization.

[0092] The present invention provides a comparative example of a traditional passion fruit cultivation method, which is as follows:

[0093] The existing cultivation technology adopted (multi-level fruiting vine cultivation) has a main planting distance of 2 to 4 meters and a planting density of "100 to 120 plants / mu for purple fruit and 200 to 220 plants / mu for yellow fruit". The fruiting vines are composed of "main vines, primary vines, secondary vines, and tertiary vines that grow in sequence"; the field production time is "after planting in mid-March of the current year, and can be harvested until February of the following year under frost-free conditions"; the cultivation frame is "flat shed cultivation".

[0094] According to the specific embodiment of the passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting cultivation method provided by the present invention, the number of passion fruit branches, yield ratio and quality indexes were compared with the traditional cultivation method, as shown in Tables 1 and 2 below;

[0095] Table 1

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] Table 2

[0099]

[0100] As can be seen from the above table, the cultivation method provided by the present invention mainly utilizes the main vine and the primary vine to produce fruit, and the nutrients of the plant will be mainly concentrated on the fruits on these main vines. Relative to the production of fruit by branches and vines of more levels, the competition for nutrients and light between branches and vines of different levels can be reduced, and the primary vine can receive nutrients from the main vine faster and transmit them to the fruit than the fruit produced by branches and vines of more levels. Therefore, the fruit on the primary vine can often obtain more sufficient nutrients and has better quality.

[0101] Moreover, the cultivation method of the present invention can significantly shorten the field production time, and the plantation can be left fallow or rotated afterwards, thereby improving the land utilization rate.

[0102] In addition, those skilled in the art should understand that, although there are many problems in the prior art, each embodiment or technical solution of the present invention can be improved in only one or several aspects, without having to solve all the technical problems listed in the prior art or background technology at the same time. Those skilled in the art should understand that the content not mentioned in a claim should not be used as a limitation on the claim.

[0103] Although the terms such as planting bed, support frame, upright support, inverted triangle support, first traction line, second traction line, third traction line, fourth traction line, fifth traction line, etc. are used more frequently in this article, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. The use of these terms is only to more conveniently describe and explain the essence of the present invention; interpreting them as any additional restrictions is contrary to the spirit of the present invention; the terms "first", "second", etc. (if any) in the description and claims of the embodiments of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for dwarfing and dense planting of passion fruit, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Bed preparation, support frame erection, planting, main vine pruning, primary vine pruning, tree shaping, and harvesting; The support frame includes two upright supports arranged in parallel, an inverted triangle support with the upright support as the central axis at the middle and upper part of each upright support, and traction lines corresponding to the three vertices of the two inverted triangle supports, the traction lines include a first traction line and a second traction line located at a first height, and a third traction line located at a second height; the first height is higher than the second height; The tree shaping includes: Controlling the height of the main vine to a third height, wherein the third height is 75% to 90% of the height of the upright support; Pulling the primary vines sprouting from the main vines higher than the fourth height to the first pulling line or the second pulling line; The primary vines sprouting from the main vines at the fifth height are made to grow upward and be pulled to the first pulling line or the second pulling line, wherein the fifth height is greater than 80% and less than 90% of the height of the upright support; The fourth height is higher than the fifth height and higher than the sixth height.

2. The cultivation method of passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fourth height is 90% or more of the height of the upright support.

3. The cultivation method of passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Make the primary vine sprouting from the main vine at the sixth height grow downward; The sixth height is greater than 50% and less than 80% of the height of the upright support.

4. The cultivation method of passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the side of the inverted triangle bracket that is perpendicular to the upright bracket is 25% to 40% of the height of the upright bracket.

5. The cultivation method of passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The furrow preparation includes: tilling the soil, applying base fertilizer, and furrowing; The width of the planting bed is 40 to 60 cm, the height of the planting bed is 30 cm, and the interval between adjacent planting beds is 20 to 30 cm.

6. The cultivation method of passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The colonization includes: Planting holes are set in each ridge with a spacing of 80 to 100 cm between plants. The seedlings with a height of 15 to 20 cm and a diameter of 0.20 to 0.35 cm are cultivated to planted seedlings with a height of 50% to 75% of the height of the upright support.

7. The cultivation method of passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting according to claim 6, characterized in that, Methods for determining the implantation time include: Get local weather data information; Calculating the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature, and the changing trend of the difference within the first duration; If the difference value changes in a trend of gradually decreasing and the time during which the temperature is lower than the first temperature during the first duration tends to be shorter, it is determined to be an appropriate planting time.

8. The cultivation method of passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support frame further includes a fourth traction line connecting the intersection of the two upright supports and the inverted triangle support, and a fifth traction line connecting the two upright supports at a first distance below the vertex; After being planted, the main vine is cross-bound with the third traction line, the fourth traction line and the fifth traction line in sequence.

9. The cultivation method of passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main vine pruning includes: Prune the main vine that has grown to the fourth height to the third height; The side branches located below the seventh height are removed, and the seventh height is less than 50% of the height of the upright support.

10. The cultivation method of passion fruit dwarfing and dense planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first level vine pruning includes: For the first-level vines that hang down to within 30cm from the ground, prune them as follows: For the first-level vines without fruits, cut off the branches beyond 30cm from the base of the first-level vines; For primary vines with 8 or more fruits, cut off branches other than the 8th fruit-bearing position.

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