Culture medium and production method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a culture medium and a production method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a premix prepared from pretreated cow dung and fermented straw according to a weight ratio of 1: (3-3.5) with an auxiliary material to prepare a mixture with a carbon nitrogen ratio of 30-35; adding the mixture into a crusher for crushing, sieving with a 2-3cm sieve, and spraying a bacterial liquid to prepare a base material; mixing the base material with water to prepare a compost raw material; mixing the compost raw material with the complex microbial inoculant to prepare a compost body; and composting and fermenting the pile body to prepare the culture medium. According to the method, agricultural waste straw and cow dung serve as main raw materials, the culture medium is prepared in a fermentation mode, harmless and recycling treatment of agricultural waste is achieved, and the method has the advantages of saving resources and being environmentally friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of microbial fermentation technology, and in particular to a cultivation substrate and a production method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Agricultural waste refers to organic matter left over from the entire agricultural production activities. Agricultural waste in the usual sense mainly refers to crop straw and livestock manure. my country is a large agricultural country with abundant straw resources. The annual output of rice straw and wheat straw waste reaches 300 million tons, and corn stalks reach 200 million tons, ranking first in the world. However, the straw utilization rate is low. For a long time, it has often been treated by simple methods such as landfill or incineration. Not only does it fail to give full play to the value of cellulose and lignin, but it also occupies precious land resources. The large amount of carbon stored in it will be converted into greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and toxic gases such as dioxins and hydrogen sulfide after incineration, exacerbating the greenhouse effect of the earth and causing serious environmental pollution.

[0003] Therefore, utilizing agricultural waste in a reasonable way is an important way to save resources and protect the environment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a cultivation substrate and a production method thereof, providing a way to utilize agricultural waste as resources.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for producing a cultivation substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0006] The premix made of pretreated cow dung and fermented straw and auxiliary materials are uniformly mixed to prepare a mixture with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30 to 35, wherein the pretreated cow dung and fermented straw are configured in a weight ratio of 1:3 to 3.5;

[0007] The mixed material is added into a crusher for crushing, passed through a 2-3 cm sieve, and sprayed with bacterial liquid to prepare a base material;

[0008] The base material is mixed with water to form compost raw materials;

[0009] Mixing compost raw materials with compound bacterial agents to form a pile;

[0010] The pile is decomposed and fermented to make a cultivation medium.

[0011] The production method of the culture medium of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] 1) Agricultural waste straw and cow dung are used as the main raw materials, and the cultivation matrix is ​​prepared by fermentation, which realizes the harmless and resource-based treatment of agricultural waste, and has the characteristics of saving resources and being environmentally friendly.

[0013] 2) The method of the present application mixes the premix and the auxiliary materials and then crushes and mixes them for a second time in a crusher, so that the various components in the base material can be fully mixed, which is conducive to the full fermentation and maturity of the materials in the matrix.

[0014] 3) In the method of the present application, fermented straw is used as the raw material to produce the cultivation matrix. The fermented straw contains spores of bacterial strains suitable for the current environment, and these bacterial strains are retained after the straw is fermented. Therefore, the fermentation process of the straw is equivalent to a screening of the bacterial strains. Therefore, these bacterial strains are more suitable for decomposing fiber and wood materials with components similar to straw. Cow dung contains a large amount of undigested grass, which is rich in plant fiber. Therefore, mixing the fermented straw and cow dung can give full play to the effectiveness of the bacterial strains in the fermented straw, thereby decomposing the plant fiber in the cow dung and promoting the composting of the raw materials.

[0015] Optionally, the fermented straw is prepared according to the following method:

[0016] The straw is crushed into particles no larger than 2 cm, and 1 to 2% of the weight of the straw is sprinkled with quicklime powder, and the mixture is mixed evenly to obtain a straw premix;

[0017] Evenly spraying 45-55% of the weight of the premix with clean water into the straw premix, piling the premix, and evenly spraying 40-45% of the weight of the premix into the premix sprayed with clean water the next day, and piling and fermenting the premix;

[0018] At the beginning of the pile fermentation, the temperature of the pile is measured every day. When the temperature of the pile rises to more than 60°C, start turning the pile, turn it every 3 days, stop turning the pile after turning it 2 to 3 times, and continue the pile fermentation for 30 to 40 days, then turn it every 3 days, after turning it 4 to 5 times, change to turning it every 7 days, after turning it 2 to 3 times, continue the pile fermentation for 3 to 5 days to obtain fermented straw.

[0019] Optionally, the pretreated cow dung is processed as follows:

[0020] Dry the fresh cow dung in the shade at 25-30°C and a ventilation rate of 5-8m / s until the moisture content is 40-45%;

[0021] The shade-dried cow dung is broken into pieces and sieved through a sieve with a mesh size of 1 to 2 cm to obtain pretreated cow dung.

[0022] Optionally, the composting and fermentation comprises:

[0023] Pile the compost raw materials into a windrow and cover it with plastic film;

[0024] When the temperature of the pile body rises to 50℃, remove the plastic film and turn the pile every three days. When the temperature of the pile body rises to 65℃, turn the pile once a day.

[0025] When the temperature of the pile gradually decreases and is below 60°C for three consecutive times, turn the pile over every three days until the pile no longer generates heat.

[0026] Optionally, the auxiliary materials include biochar, urea, potassium humate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and bentonite;

[0027] The amount of biochar added is 5-8% of the weight of the premix;

[0028] The amount of potassium humate added is 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the premix;

[0029] The amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate added is 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the premix;

[0030] The amount of sodium hexametaphosphate added is 1-2% of the weight of the premix;

[0031] The amount of bentonite added is 3-5% of the weight of the premix;

[0032] The urea is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture, and the amount of urea added is sufficient to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 30-35.

[0033] Optionally, the bacterial solution includes a diluent of EM bacterial solution, that is, the EM bacterial solution is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:800-900;

[0034] The amount of bacterial solution added is 5-10% of the weight of the mixture.

[0035] Optionally, the composite bacterial agent includes Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi, and the colony number ratio of the above fungi is 0.1:0.7:0.5, and the unit 10 8 cfu / g;

[0036] The addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 0.8-1% of the weight of the compost raw material.

[0037] Optionally, the water content of the compost raw material is 65-67%.

[0038] Optionally, after the compost raw materials are piled into a strip-type pile, wood vinegar with a concentration of 10% is sprayed on the surface of the pile, and the spraying amount of the wood vinegar is 5-10% of the weight of the compost raw materials.

[0039] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for producing a cultivation substrate, including preparation by any of the methods provided in the first aspect above.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the cultivation substrate provided in the present application are as described in the production method of the cultivation substrate, which will not be repeated here. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application is clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work also fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0042] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for producing a cultivation substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0043] The premix made of pretreated cow dung and fermented straw and auxiliary materials are uniformly mixed to prepare a mixture with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30 to 35, wherein the pretreated cow dung and fermented straw are configured in a weight ratio of 1:3 to 3.5;

[0044] The mixed material is added into a crusher for crushing, passed through a 2-3 cm sieve, and sprayed with bacterial liquid to prepare a base material;

[0045] The base material is mixed with water to form compost raw materials;

[0046] Mixing compost raw materials with compound bacterial agents to form a pile;

[0047] The pile is decomposed and fermented to make a cultivation medium.

[0048] The production method of the culture medium of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] 1) Agricultural waste straw and cow dung are used as the main raw materials, and the cultivation matrix is ​​prepared by fermentation, which realizes the harmless and resource-based treatment of agricultural waste, and has the characteristics of saving resources and being environmentally friendly.

[0050] 2) The method of the present application mixes the premix and the auxiliary materials and then crushes and mixes them for a second time in a crusher, so that the various components in the base material can be fully mixed, which is conducive to the full fermentation and maturity of the materials in the matrix.

[0051] 3) In the method of the present application, fermented straw is used as the raw material to produce the cultivation matrix. The fermented straw contains spores of bacterial strains suitable for the current environment, and these bacterial strains are retained after the straw is fermented. Therefore, the fermentation process of the straw is equivalent to a screening of the bacterial strains. Therefore, these bacterial strains are more suitable for decomposing fiber and wood materials with components similar to straw. Cow dung contains a large amount of undigested grass, which is rich in plant fiber. Therefore, mixing the fermented straw and cow dung can give full play to the effectiveness of the bacterial strains in the fermented straw, thereby decomposing the plant fiber in the cow dung and promoting the composting of the raw materials.

[0052] Optionally, the fermented straw is prepared according to the following method:

[0053] The straw is crushed into particles no larger than 2 cm, and 1 to 2% of the weight of the straw is sprinkled with quicklime powder, and the mixture is mixed evenly to obtain a straw premix;

[0054] Evenly spraying 45-55% of the weight of the premix with clean water into the straw premix, piling the premix, and evenly spraying 40-45% of the weight of the premix into the premix sprayed with clean water the next day, and piling and fermenting the premix;

[0055] At the beginning of the pile fermentation, the temperature of the pile is measured every day. When the temperature of the pile rises to more than 60°C, start turning the pile, turn it every 3 days, stop turning the pile after turning it 2 to 3 times, and continue the pile fermentation for 30 to 40 days, then turn it every 3 days, after turning it 4 to 5 times, change to turning it every 7 days, after turning it 2 to 3 times, continue the pile fermentation for 3 to 5 days to obtain fermented straw.

[0056] The straw in the present application is obtained through the above-mentioned fermentation process, and its fermentation process also goes through a heating stage, a high temperature stage and a cooling stage. Because no additional microbial agents are added to the fermentation process of the straw, but the microorganisms existing in the straw and the environment under natural conditions are used for fermentation, the fermentation process is long compared to the fermentation process with the addition of microbial agents. Although the fermentation time is long, it is precisely this state close to natural fermentation that can retain a sufficient amount of strain spores suitable for the current environment in the fermented straw. These fermented straws containing strain spores can rapidly proliferate in a suitable environment and decompose the nutrient matrix (the base material in the present application), and these strains are retained after the straw is fermented. Therefore, the fermentation process of the straw is also equivalent to a screening of the strains, so the retained strains are more suitable for decomposing fiber and wood materials with components similar to straw, and cow dung contains a large amount of undigested grass, which contains rich and large amounts of plant fiber. Therefore, mixing the fermented straw and cow dung can give full play to the effectiveness of the strains in the fermented straw, thereby decomposing the plant fiber in the cow dung and promoting the maturity of the compost raw materials.

[0057] In the present application, the straw may be one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, and cotton straw.

[0058] In the present application, the straw is sprayed with water twice to ensure that the straw fully absorbs water, so that the stacked straw contains sufficient water to facilitate fermentation. However, the surface of the straw itself is relatively smooth and not conducive to water absorption. A part of the sprayed water will be lost from the surface of the straw, so a large amount of water needs to be sprayed to ensure that the straw fully absorbs water. When spraying water on the straw, it can also be sprayed until water flows out from the bottom of the straw.

[0059] Optionally, the pretreated cow dung is processed as follows:

[0060] Dry the fresh cow dung in the shade at 25-30°C and a ventilation rate of 5-8m / s until the moisture content is 40-45%;

[0061] The shade-dried cow dung is broken into pieces and sieved through a sieve with a mesh size of 1 to 2 cm to obtain pretreated cow dung.

[0062] In the present application, since cow dung also contains a large number of intestinal flora, these flora are conducive to the decomposition of cow dung. The drying method of drying cow dung in the shade can avoid the temperature being difficult to control due to exposure to sunlight, causing the death of a large number of flora in the cow dung, thereby affecting the fermentation process. The above-mentioned shade drying process is temperature-controllable and is carried out in an air-circulating environment, which is not only conducive to the rapid dehydration of cow dung, but also has the advantages of process controllability and centralized processing.

[0063] Optionally, the composting and fermentation comprises:

[0064] Pile the compost raw materials into a windrow and cover it with plastic film;

[0065] When the temperature of the pile body rises to 50℃, remove the plastic film and turn the pile every three days. When the temperature of the pile body rises to 65℃, turn the pile once a day.

[0066] When the temperature of the pile gradually decreases and is below 60°C for three consecutive times, turn the pile over every three days until the pile no longer generates heat.

[0067] In the present application, a plastic film is covered on the surface of the pile body to keep the pile body warm in the early stage of fermentation so that the pile body can be heated to above 50°C relatively quickly. In actual operation, the time of covering the plastic film is generally 20 to 30 hours to allow the temperature of the pile body to rise to above 50°C.

[0068] The composting and fermentation process can be roughly divided into a warming stage, a high-temperature stage, and a cooling stage according to the different temperatures. The warming stage refers to the stage at the beginning of the composting process when the temperature of the pile rises. In this stage, mesophilic microorganisms dominate. Such microorganisms mostly use easily degradable organic matter (such as protein, starch, etc.) for metabolic activities. There are a wide variety of mesophilic microorganisms, and fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes can all participate in the degradation process at this stage, among which bacteria play the most significant role.

[0069] The high temperature stage comes after the heating stage. In this stage, the higher temperature environment causes the previously large number of mesophilic microorganisms to quickly die out, the structure of the microbial community changes, and thermophilic microorganisms begin to occupy the center of fermentation and become the dominant microorganisms. Organic matter such as cellulose and hemicellulose degrades drastically in this stage. As the temperature rises, thermophilic fungi and actinomycetes are most active at around 50°C; when the pile temperature reaches above 60°C, the fungi almost lose their activity, while thermophilic actinomycetes and bacteria continue to be active; if the temperature exceeds 70°C, the excessively high temperature makes it impossible for most microorganisms to survive, and most of them die or enter a dormant state.

[0070] Optionally, the auxiliary materials include biochar, urea, potassium humate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and bentonite;

[0071] The amount of biochar added is 5-8% of the weight of the premix;

[0072] The amount of potassium humate added is 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the premix;

[0073] The amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate added is 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the premix;

[0074] The amount of sodium hexametaphosphate added is 1-2% of the weight of the premix;

[0075] The amount of bentonite added is 3-5% of the weight of the premix;

[0076] The urea is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture, and the amount of urea added is sufficient to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 30-35.

[0077] In the present application, the addition of urea can increase the nitrogen content of the compost raw material and promote the proliferation of microorganisms. The nitrogen in urea can be quickly utilized by microorganisms, and can supply nitrogen elements that can be quickly utilized by microorganisms in the early stage of composting to promote the proliferation of microorganisms. The amount of urea added in the present application is limited to adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 30-35. Generally, the amount of urea added is 0.5-1.2% of the weight of the mixture. And urea has a high nitrogen content. Adding too much will cause the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost raw material to decrease, affecting the proliferation of microorganisms during the composting process, and affecting the fertility of the cultivation substrate finally obtained.

[0078] In this application, biochar is a solid material with high chemical stability, thermal stability and biological inertness generated by pyrolysis of biomass under certain temperature, atmosphere (limited oxygen, oxygen-free, saturated water vapor) and pressure (normal pressure or high pressure). Due to the porous structure of biochar, the addition of biochar can not only increase the porosity of the pile and increase the oxygen content inside the pile, which is conducive to the fermentation process, but also biochar is rich in functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups and π electron donors, etc., which can provide more active adsorption sites and can effectively adsorb heavy metal ions in the base material. In addition, since biochar comes from waste materials, it has the advantages of low cost, carbon neutrality, and renewability.

[0079] Potassium humate is the neutralized substance of fulvic acid (the product of the reaction between fulvic acid and potassium oxide). The addition of potassium humate can not only provide potassium for the compost raw materials, but fulvic acid can also provide rich nutrients such as amino acids, B vitamins, vitamin C, inositol, polysaccharides, trace elements (molybdenum, boron, zinc), etc. These nutrients can have a positive effect on the fermentation process.

[0080] The addition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can not only introduce phosphorus and potassium elements into the pile, but also play a buffering role in the acid production stage of the fermentation process, thereby avoiding the adverse consequences of low pH of the pile caused by the production of a large amount of acid by microbial fermentation, which affects the fermentation process.

[0081] Sodium hexametaphosphate can introduce phosphorus into the pile, and it can also absorb and retain water, thus avoiding the phenomenon of excessive water loss during the fermentation process of the pile.

[0082] Bentonite is a non-metallic mineral with montmorillonite as the main mineral component. The montmorillonite structure is a 2:1 type crystal structure consisting of two silicon-oxygen tetrahedra sandwiching a layer of aluminum-oxygen octahedron. Since there are certain cations, such as Cu, Mg, Na, K, etc., in the layered structure formed by the montmorillonite unit cell, and these cations are very unstable in their interaction with the montmorillonite unit cell and are easily exchanged by other cations, it has good ion exchangeability. Therefore, the addition of bentonite can not only absorb water, but also adsorb heavy metal ions in the pile.

[0083] Optionally, the bacterial solution includes a diluent of EM bacterial solution, that is, the EM bacterial solution is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:800-900;

[0084] The amount of bacterial solution added is 5-10% of the weight of the mixture.

[0085] In this application, EM bacterial liquid is also called beneficial microbial community, which includes more than 80 species of 10 genera of 5 types, such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, filamentous bacteria, etc. Therefore, the addition of EM bacterial liquid can introduce rich fermentation beneficial bacteria into the pile, thereby realizing rapid fermentation of the pile.

[0086] Optionally, the composite bacterial agent includes Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi, and the colony number ratio of the above fungi is 0.1:0.7:0.5, and the unit 10 8 cfu / g;

[0087] The addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 0.8-1% of the weight of the compost raw material.

[0088] In the present application, the composite bacterial agent mainly includes fungi such as Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi, which can decompose macromolecules such as cellulose, lignin, plant protein, etc. in the pile, thereby producing a large amount of oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, amino acids, etc., providing carbon sources for other microorganisms such as bacteria in the pile that cannot utilize these macromolecules, thereby promoting the fermentation process.

[0089] Optionally, the water content of the compost raw material is 65-67%.

[0090] In the present application, since the compost raw materials contain sodium hexametaphosphate and bentonite, the addition of these two substances can not only provide the corresponding elements in the compost raw materials, but also since sodium hexametaphosphate and bentonite also have certain water absorption and water retention properties, even if the water content in the compost raw materials is as high as 65-67%, a large amount of water will be combined with sodium hexametaphosphate and bentonite to form corresponding bound water, and the porosity of the pile will not be affected by the excessive water content, resulting in insufficient porosity of the pile. And due to the property of bentonite to absorb water and expand, its volume increases after absorbing water, and the porosity of the pile can also be increased.

[0091] And because of the water absorption and water retention characteristics of sodium hexametaphosphate and bentonite, and the heat generated by the large-scale reproduction of the bacterial community during the fermentation process, the water in the pile body will be quickly evaporated during the high temperature period, resulting in the temperature of the pile body being too high (greater than 70°C) in the middle and late stages of the high temperature period. This high temperature is extremely unfavorable to the proliferation of the bacterial community, and may even cause a large number of bacterial communities to die, affecting the fermentation effect. Sodium hexametaphosphate and bentonite will form bound water with water, which has a slow release effect on water during the high temperature period of the pile body fermentation, thereby controlling the temperature of the pile body and avoiding the adverse consequences of the fermentation caused by the excessively high temperature of the pile body. In actual production, when the method of the present application is used for fermentation, it is found that the number of days that the pile body continuously maintains 60 to 65°C is 10 to 12 days. Under such conditions, harmful microorganisms in the compost raw materials can be fully killed, meeting the corresponding composting requirements.

[0092] Optionally, after the compost raw materials are piled into a strip-type pile, wood vinegar with a concentration of 10% is sprayed on the surface of the pile, and the spraying amount of the wood vinegar is 5-10% of the weight of the compost raw materials.

[0093] In the present application, wood vinegar is a liquid formed by condensation of gaseous products after dry distillation and pyrolysis of wood, sawdust, rice husks, straw, cotton stalks, etc. As a green natural substance, wood vinegar mainly contains various organic compounds such as acids, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, esters, ethers, and a small amount of metal elements.

[0094] In a second aspect, the present application provides a cultivation substrate, comprising a substrate prepared by the method provided in any one of the first aspects above.

[0095] The beneficial effects of the cultivation substrate provided in the present application are as described in the production method of the cultivation substrate, which will not be repeated here. Specific embodiments

[0097] Example 1

[0098] A cultivation medium is prepared by the following method:

[0099] S101, uniformly mixing a premix made of pretreated cow dung and fermented straw and auxiliary materials to prepare a mixture with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30, wherein the pretreated cow dung and fermented straw are configured in a weight ratio of 1:3.

[0100] The auxiliary materials include 5% biochar by weight of the premix, 0.8% potassium humate by weight of the premix, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate by weight of the premix, 1% sodium hexametaphosphate by weight of the premix, and 3% bentonite by weight of the premix; urea is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture, and the amount of urea added can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 30.

[0101] S102, adding the mixture into a crusher for crushing, passing through a 2-3 cm sieve, and spraying 5% of the mixture weight of bacterial liquid to prepare a base material; the bacterial liquid is a diluted solution obtained by diluting EM bacterial liquid and water at a ratio of 1:800.

[0102] S103, adding water to the base material and mixing to prepare a compost raw material with a water content of 67%.

[0103] S104, mixing the compost raw material with a composite bacterial agent in an amount of 0.8% of the weight of the compost raw material to form a pile; the composite bacterial agent includes Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi, the colony number ratio of the above fungi is 0.1:0.7:0.5, and the unit 10 8 cfu / g.

[0104] S105, piling the compost raw materials into a strip-type pile, spraying 10% wood vinegar on the surface of the pile, the spraying amount of the wood vinegar being 5% of the weight of the compost raw materials, and covering with a plastic film;

[0105] When the temperature of the pile body rises to 50℃, remove the plastic film and turn the pile every three days. When the temperature of the pile body rises to 65℃, turn the pile once a day.

[0106] When the temperature of the pile gradually decreases and is below 60°C for three consecutive times, turn the pile over every three days until the pile no longer generates heat.

[0107] Example 2

[0108] A cultivation medium is prepared by the following method:

[0109] S201, uniformly mixing the premix made of pretreated cow dung and fermented straw and auxiliary materials to prepare a mixture with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35, wherein the pretreated cow dung and fermented straw are configured in a weight ratio of 1:3.5.

[0110] The auxiliary materials include 8% biochar by weight of the premix, 1.2% potassium humate by weight of the premix, 1.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate by weight of the premix, 2% sodium hexametaphosphate by weight of the premix, and 5% bentonite by weight of the premix; urea is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture, and the amount of urea added can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 35.

[0111] S202, adding the mixture into a crusher for crushing, passing through a 2-3 cm sieve, and spraying 10% of the mixture weight of bacterial liquid to prepare a base material; the bacterial liquid is a diluted solution obtained by diluting EM bacterial liquid and water at a ratio of 1:900.

[0112] S203, adding water to the base material and mixing to prepare a compost raw material with a water content of 65%.

[0113] S204, mixing the compost raw material with a composite bacterial agent added in an amount of 1% of the weight of the compost raw material to form a pile; the composite bacterial agent includes Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi, the colony number ratio of the above fungi is 0.1:0.7:0.5, and the unit 10 8 cfu / g.

[0114] S205, piling the compost raw materials into a strip-type pile, spraying 10% wood vinegar on the surface of the pile, the spraying amount of the wood vinegar being 10% of the weight of the compost raw materials, and covering with a plastic film;

[0115] When the temperature of the pile body rises to 50℃, remove the plastic film and turn the pile every three days. When the temperature of the pile body rises to 65℃, turn the pile once a day.

[0116] When the temperature of the pile gradually decreases and is below 60°C for three consecutive times, turn the pile over every three days until the pile no longer generates heat.

[0117] Example 3

[0118] A cultivation medium is prepared by the following method:

[0119] S301, uniformly mixing the premix made of pretreated cow dung and fermented straw and auxiliary materials to prepare a mixture with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 33, wherein the pretreated cow dung and fermented straw are configured in a weight ratio of 1:3.3.

[0120] The auxiliary materials include 7% biochar by weight of the premix, 1.0% potassium humate by weight of the premix, 0.7% potassium dihydrogen phosphate by weight of the premix, 1.5% sodium hexametaphosphate by weight of the premix, and 4% bentonite by weight of the premix; urea is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture, and the amount of urea added can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 33.

[0121] S302, adding the mixture into a crusher for crushing, passing through a 2-3 cm sieve, and spraying 8% of the weight of the mixture with bacterial liquid to prepare a base material; the bacterial liquid is a diluted liquid obtained by diluting the EM bacterial liquid and water at a ratio of 1:850.

[0122] S303, adding water to the base material and mixing to prepare a compost raw material with a water content of 66%.

[0123] S304, mixing the compost raw material with a composite bacterial agent in an amount of 0.9% of the weight of the compost raw material to form a pile; the composite bacterial agent includes Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi, the colony number ratio of the above fungi is 0.1:0.7:0.5, and the unit 10 8 cfu / g.

[0124] S305, composting raw materials into a strip-type pile, spraying 10% wood vinegar on the surface of the pile, the spraying amount of the wood vinegar being 5-10% of the weight of the composting raw materials, and covering with a plastic film;

[0125] When the temperature of the pile body rises to 50℃, remove the plastic film and turn the pile every three days. When the temperature of the pile body rises to 65℃, turn the pile once a day.

[0126] When the temperature of the pile gradually decreases and is below 60°C for three consecutive times, turn the pile over every three days until the pile no longer generates heat.

[0127] Comparative Example 1

[0128] A cultivation medium is prepared by the following method:

[0129] The remaining operations are the same as those of Example 3, except that the premix is ​​prepared by mixing pretreated cow dung and straw as raw materials, wherein the straw is corn straw, and the crushed particle size is consistent with the particle size of the fermented straw.

[0130] In the above embodiment, the fermented straw is prepared according to the following method:

[0131] The corn stalks are crushed into pieces not larger than 2 cm, and 1% of the weight of the corn stalks of quicklime powder is sprinkled therein, and the mixture is mixed evenly to obtain a corn stalk premix;

[0132] Evenly spraying 50% of the weight of the premix with clean water into the corn stalk premix, piling the materials, and the next day evenly spraying 45% of the weight of the premix with clean water into the premix sprayed with clean water, and piling and fermenting the materials;

[0133] At the beginning of the pile fermentation, the temperature of the pile is measured every day. When the temperature of the pile rises to more than 60°C, the pile is turned over, and it is turned over every 3 days. After turning the pile twice, the turning of the pile is stopped and the pile fermentation is continued for 30 to 40 days. Then, the pile is turned over every 3 days. After turning the pile four times, the turning is changed to every 7 days. After turning the pile twice, the pile fermentation is continued for 5 days to obtain fermented corn straw.

[0134] In the above embodiment, the pretreated cow dung is prepared according to the following method:

[0135] Fresh cow dung was dried in the shade at 28℃ and a ventilation rate of 6.5m / s until the moisture content was 43%;

[0136] The shade-dried cow dung is broken into pieces and sieved through a sieve with a mesh size of 1 to 2 cm to obtain pretreated cow dung.

[0137] The cultivation substrate was prepared according to the methods of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 (the weight of the premix in each method was the same). The cultivation substrate fermentation process was carried out in a certain place in Inner Mongolia, my country, 7 to 8 portions, with an average temperature of 28° C., and the following experiment was carried out:

[0138] Experimental Example 1

[0139] Seed germination index (GI) test

[0140] The fresh sample was fully mixed with distilled water at a ratio of 1:10, placed on a shaker for 2 hours, the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was centrifuged at 3000r / min for 10 minutes and stored in a 4℃ refrigerator for use; the filter paper was placed in a sterilized 9cm culture dish, 5mL of the supernatant after centrifugation was accurately drawn into the culture dish, and 30 pakchoi seeds were neatly placed in the culture dish covered with filter paper. At the same time, a control group was set up, that is, 5mL of distilled water was accurately drawn into the culture dish covered with filter paper, and 30 seeds were also neatly placed. The seeds were cultured in the dark in an incubator at 25℃ for 48 hours, the root length and number of germinations of the seeds were measured, the germination rate of the seeds was calculated, and the germination index was calculated based on this. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0141]

[0142] According to the agricultural industry standard NY525-2012 of the People's Republic of China, the organic fertilizer industry standard (NY525-2012, 2012), the method provided in the method was used to determine the content of total organic carbon and total nitrogen in the compost sample and calculate the C / N ratio. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0143]

[0144] Table 1

[0145] Germination rate% C / N Ratio Example 1 94 16 Example 2 96 17 Example 3 97 16 Comparative Example 1 90 16 Blank control group 85 /

[0146] From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that the cultivation substrate produced by the method of the present application using fermented straw as raw material has a significant promoting effect on seed germination, while the cultivation substrate produced by using unfermented straw as raw material has a relatively low effect on promoting seed germination.

[0147] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for producing a cultivation substrate, characterized in that: The steps include: The premix made of pretreated cow dung and fermented straw and auxiliary materials are uniformly mixed to prepare a mixture with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30 to 35, wherein the pretreated cow dung and fermented straw are configured in a weight ratio of 1:3 to 3.5; The mixed material is added into a crusher for crushing, passed through a 2-3 cm sieve, and sprayed with bacterial liquid to prepare a base material; The base material is mixed with water to form compost raw materials; Mixing compost raw materials with compound bacterial agents to form a pile; The pile is decomposed and fermented to make a cultivation medium.

2. The method for producing a cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein The fermented straw is prepared according to the following method: The straw is crushed into particles no larger than 2 cm, and 1 to 2% of the weight of the straw is sprinkled with quicklime powder, and the mixture is mixed evenly to obtain a straw premix; Evenly spraying 45-55% of the weight of the premix with clean water into the straw premix, piling the premix, and evenly spraying 40-45% of the weight of the premix into the premix sprayed with clean water the next day, and piling and fermenting the premix; At the beginning of the pile fermentation, the temperature of the pile is measured every day. When the temperature of the pile rises to more than 60°C, start turning the pile, turn it every 3 days, stop turning the pile after turning it 2 to 3 times, and continue the pile fermentation for 30 to 40 days, then turn it every 3 days, after turning it 4 to 5 times, change to turning it every 7 days, after turning it 2 to 3 times, continue the pile fermentation for 3 to 5 days to obtain fermented straw.

3. The method for producing a cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein: The pre-treated cow dung is processed as follows: Dry the fresh cow dung in the shade at 25-30°C and a ventilation rate of 5-8m / s until the moisture content is 40-45%; The shade-dried cow dung is broken into pieces and sieved through a sieve with a mesh size of 1 to 2 cm to obtain pretreated cow dung.

4. The method for producing a cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein: The decomposition and fermentation comprises: Pile the compost raw materials into a windrow and cover it with plastic film; When the temperature of the pile body rises to 50℃, remove the plastic film and turn the pile every three days. When the temperature of the pile body rises to 65℃, turn the pile once a day. When the temperature of the pile gradually decreases and is below 60°C for three consecutive times, turn the pile over every three days until the pile no longer generates heat.

5. The method for producing a cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein: The auxiliary materials include biochar, urea, potassium humate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and bentonite; The amount of biochar added is 5-8% of the weight of the premix; The amount of potassium humate added is 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the premix; The amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate added is 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the premix; The amount of sodium hexametaphosphate added is 1-2% of the weight of the premix; The amount of bentonite added is 3-5% of the weight of the premix; The urea is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture, and the amount of urea added is sufficient to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 30-35.

6. The method for producing a cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bacterial solution includes a dilution of the EM bacterial solution, that is, the EM bacterial solution and water are diluted in a ratio of 1:800-900; The amount of bacterial solution added is 5-10% of the weight of the mixture.

7. The method for producing a cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein: The composite bacterial agent includes Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi, and the colony number ratio of the above fungi is 0.1:0.7:0.5, and the unit 10 8 cfu / g; The addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 0.8-1% of the weight of the compost raw material.

8. The method for producing a cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water content of the compost raw material is 65-67%.

9. The method for producing a cultivation substrate according to claim 4, wherein: After the compost raw materials are piled into a strip-type pile, wood vinegar with a concentration of 10% is sprayed on the surface of the pile, and the spraying amount of the wood vinegar is 5-10% of the weight of the compost raw materials.

10. A cultivation medium, characterized in that: The invention comprises preparing the product by the method provided by any one of claims 1 to 9.

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