Cultivation substrate and method for producing the same

Abstract

The application provides a cultivation substrate and a production method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a premix prepared from pretreated cow dung and fermented straw and auxiliary materials to prepare a mixture with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30-35, wherein the pretreated cow dung and the fermented straw are configured in a weight ratio of 1:3-3.5; adding the mixture into a crusher to crush, passing through a 2-3 cm sieve, and spraying a bacterial liquid to prepare a base material; mixing the base material with water to prepare a compost raw material; mixing the compost raw material with a compound microbial agent to prepare a compost heap; and performing composting fermentation on the compost heap to prepare the cultivation substrate. The method uses agricultural waste straw and cow dung as main raw materials, and prepares the cultivation substrate through fermentation, realizes harmless and resourceful treatment of the agricultural waste, and has the characteristics of saving resources and being friendly to the environment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of microbial fermentation, in particular to a cultivation substrate and a production method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Agricultural waste, namely agricultural waste, refers to organic matter left over in the entire agricultural production activity. The agricultural waste in the general sense mainly refers to crop straw and livestock manure. China is a big agricultural country, and straw resources are abundant. The annual waste output of rice straw and wheat straw reaches 300 million tons, and the annual output of corn stalks reaches 200 million tons, ranking first in the world. However, the utilization rate of straw is low, which not only fails to fully utilize the value of cellulose and lignin, but also occupies valuable land resources.

[0003] Therefore, the utilization of agricultural waste through a reasonable way is an important way to save resources and protect the environment. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a cultivation substrate and a production method thereof, and provides a way to resource utilization of agricultural waste.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a production method of a cultivation substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0006] After uniformly mixing the premix including pretreated cow manure and fermented straw and the auxiliary material, a mixture with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30-35 is prepared, wherein the pretreated cow manure and the fermented straw are configured in a weight ratio of 1:3-3.5;

[0007] The mixture is added to a crusher for crushing, and is sieved through a 2-3 cm sieve, and is sprayed with a bacterial solution to prepare a base material;

[0008] The base material is mixed with water to prepare a compost raw material;

[0009] The compost raw material is mixed with a compound microbial agent to prepare a compost heap;

[0010] The compost heap is subjected to composting fermentation to prepare a cultivation substrate.

[0011] The production method of the cultivation substrate has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] 1) The cultivation substrate is prepared by fermentation using agricultural waste straw and cow manure as main raw materials, which realizes harmless and resourceful treatment of agricultural waste, and has the characteristics of saving resources and being friendly to the environment.

[0013] 2) The method of the present application mixes the premix and the auxiliary material, and then subjects them to secondary crushing and mixing in a crusher, which can fully mix the various components in the base material, and is conducive to the full fermentation and composting of the materials in the substrate.

[0014] 3) The method of the present application uses fermented straw as raw material to produce cultivation substrate, the fermented straw contains spores of strains suitable for the current environment, and these strains are retained after fermentation of the straw, so the fermentation process of the straw is equivalent to a screening of the strains, and therefore these strains are more suitable for decomposing fiber materials similar to the straw, and the cow dung contains a large amount of undigested forage, which contains rich plant fibers, so mixing the fermented straw and the cow dung can fully exert the effect of the strains in the fermented straw, thereby decomposing the plant fibers in the cow dung and promoting the compost raw material to mature.

[0015] Optionally, the fermented straw is prepared as follows:

[0016] The straw is crushed into fragments not greater than 2 cm, 1-2% of lime powder by weight of the straw is added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a straw premix;

[0017] The straw premix is uniformly sprayed with 45-55% of water by weight of the premix, and the material is stacked, the next day the premix sprayed with water is uniformly sprayed with 40-45% of water by weight of the premix, and the stacking fermentation is carried out;

[0018] The temperature of the stack is measured every day at the beginning of the stacking fermentation, when the temperature of the stack rises to greater than 60℃, the pile is turned over, the pile is turned over every 3 days, after 2-3 times of turning over, the turning over is stopped, the stacking fermentation is continued for 30-40 days, the pile is turned over every 3 days, after 4-5 times of turning over, the pile is turned over every 7 days, after 2-3 times of turning over, the stacking fermentation is continued for 3-5 days, and the fermented straw is obtained.

[0019] Optionally, the pretreated cow dung is treated as follows:

[0020] The fresh cow dung is dried in the shade to a moisture content of 40-45% at 25-30℃ in an environment with an air flow rate of 5-8 m / s;

[0021] The dried cow dung is crushed and sieved through a screen with a mesh size of 1-2 cm to obtain the pretreated cow dung.

[0022] Optionally, the maturation fermentation comprises:

[0023] The compost raw material is stacked into a strip-shaped stack, and covered with a plastic film;

[0024] When the temperature of the stack rises to 50℃, the plastic film is removed, and the pile is turned over every three days, until the temperature of the stack rises to 65℃, and the pile is turned over every day;

[0025] When the temperature of the stack is detected to gradually decrease, and the temperature is detected to be lower than 60℃ for three consecutive times, the pile is turned over every three days until the stack is no longer heated.

[0026] Optionally, the supplementary material comprises biochar, urea, potassium fulvate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, bentonite;

[0027] The biochar is added in an amount of 5-8% by weight of the premix;

[0028] The potassium fulvate is added in an amount of 0.8-1.2% by weight of the premix;

[0029] The potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added in an amount of 0.5-1.0% by weight of the premix;

[0030] The sodium hexametaphosphate is added in an amount of 1-2% by weight of the premix;

[0031] The bentonite is added in an amount of 3-5% by weight of the premix;

[0032] The urea is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture, and the urea is added in an amount to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 30-35.

[0033] Optionally, the bacterial solution comprises a dilution of EM bacterial solution, i.e. the EM bacterial solution is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:800-900;

[0034] The bacterial solution is added in an amount of 5-10% by weight of the mixture.

[0035] Optionally, the complex bacterial agent comprises Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi, and the number ratio of the above-mentioned bacteria is 0.1:0.7:0.5, unit 10 8 cfu / g;

[0036] The complex bacterial agent is added in an amount of 0.8-1% by weight of the compost raw material.

[0037] Optionally, the water content of the compost raw material is 65-67%.

[0038] Optionally, after the compost raw material is stacked into a strip-stacked heap, wood vinegar solution with a concentration of 10% is sprayed onto the surface of the heap, and the spraying amount of the wood vinegar solution is 5-10% by weight of the compost raw material.

[0039] In a second aspect, the application provides a production method of a cultivation substrate, which comprises the method provided in any one of the above-mentioned first aspect.

[0040] The cultivation substrate provided in the application has the beneficial effects as described in the above-mentioned production method of a cultivation substrate, and will not be described here again. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0042] In a first aspect, the present application provides a production method of a cultivation substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0043] After the premix and the auxiliary material made of the pretreated cow dung and the fermented straw are uniformly mixed, a mixture with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30-35 is prepared, wherein the pretreated cow dung and the fermented straw are configured in a weight ratio of 1:3-3.5;

[0044] The mixture is added to a crusher for crushing, and is passed through a 2-3 cm sieve, and is sprayed with a bacterial solution to prepare a base material;

[0045] The base material is mixed with water to prepare a compost raw material;

[0046] The compost raw material is mixed with a compound microbial agent to prepare a compost heap;

[0047] The compost heap is subjected to composting fermentation to prepare a cultivation substrate.

[0048] The production method of the cultivation substrate of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] 1) The cultivation substrate is prepared by using agricultural waste straw and cow dung as main raw materials through fermentation, which realizes harmless and resourceful treatment of agricultural waste, and has the characteristics of resource saving and environmental friendliness.

[0050] 2) The method of the present application mixes the premix and the auxiliary material and then subjects them to secondary crushing and mixing in a crusher, which can fully mix the various components in the base material, and is conducive to the full fermentation and composting of the materials in the substrate.

[0051] 3) In the method of the present application, the fermented straw is used as a raw material to produce the cultivation substrate, the fermented straw contains spores of strains suitable for the current environment, and these strains are left after the fermentation of the straw. Therefore, the fermentation process of the straw is equivalent to a screening of the strains, and thus these strains are more suitable for decomposing materials similar to the straw in terms of classification, and the cow dung contains a large amount of undigested forage, which contains rich plant fibers. Therefore, the mixing of the fermented straw and the cow dung can fully utilize the strains in the fermented straw, thereby decomposing the plant fibers in the cow dung and promoting the composting of the compost raw material.

[0052] Optionally, the fermented straw is prepared according to the following method:

[0053] The straw is crushed into pieces no more than 2 cm, and lime powder of 1-2% of the weight of the straw is added and mixed evenly to obtain a straw premix;

[0054] The straw premix is evenly sprayed with water of 45-55% of the weight of the premix, and the material is stacked. The next day, the premix that has been sprayed with water is evenly sprayed with water of 40-45% of the weight of the premix, and the material is stacked and fermented.

[0055] The temperature of the stack is measured every day at the beginning of the fermentation. When the temperature of the stack rises to more than 60℃, the stack is turned over. The stack is turned over every 3 days for 2-3 times, and then the turning over is stopped. The stack is continued to be fermented for 30-40 days, and then the stack is turned over every 3 days for 4-5 times. Then, the stack is turned over every 7 days for 2-3 times, and the stack is continued to be fermented for 3-5 days to obtain the fermented straw.

[0056] The straw in the present application is prepared through the fermentation process described above, and the fermentation process also includes a temperature rising stage, a high temperature stage and a temperature decreasing stage. The fermentation process of the straw does not add additional microbial agents, but uses the microorganisms in the straw and the environment to ferment. The fermentation process is relatively long compared with the fermentation process that adds microbial agents. Although the fermentation time is relatively long, the fermentation process is close to natural fermentation, and a sufficient amount of spores of strains suitable for the current environment can be retained in the fermented straw. These fermented straw containing spores of strains can rapidly proliferate in a suitable environment, decompose the nutrient substrate (base material in the present application), and the strains are retained after the fermentation of the straw. Therefore, the fermentation process of the straw is equivalent to a screening of the strains, and the retained strains are more suitable for decomposing fiber materials similar to the straw. The cow dung contains a large amount of undigested forage, and contains a large amount of plant fibers. Therefore, the fermentation straw and the cow dung are mixed to fully utilize the strains in the fermentation straw, so as to decompose the plant fibers in the cow dung and promote the composting of the raw materials.

[0057] In the present application, the straw can be one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and cotton straw.

[0058] In the present application, the straw is sprayed with water twice to ensure that the straw is fully watered, so that the stacked straw contains sufficient water to facilitate fermentation. The surface of the straw is relatively smooth, which is not conducive to water absorption. Therefore, a large amount of water needs to be sprayed to ensure that the straw is fully watered. When the straw is sprayed with water, water can also flow out from the bottom of the straw.

[0059] Alternatively, the pretreated cow dung is treated according to the following method:

[0060] The fresh cow dung is dried in the shade at 25-30℃ in an environment with a ventilation rate of 5-8 m / s until the moisture content is 40-45%;

[0061] The dried cow dung is crushed and sieved through a screen with a mesh size of 1-2 cm to obtain pretreated cow dung.

[0062] In the present application, the cow dung also contains a large number of intestinal flora of the cow, which is beneficial to the decomposition of the cow dung. The drying method of drying the cow dung in the shade can avoid the difficulty in controlling the temperature caused by sunlight exposure, resulting in the death of a large number of bacteria in the cow dung, thereby affecting the fermentation process. The above-mentioned drying process is controllable in temperature and is carried out in an environment with air circulation, which is not only beneficial to the rapid dehydration of the cow dung, but also has the advantages of controllable process and centralized treatment.

[0063] Optionally, the mature fermentation comprises:

[0064] The compost raw materials are stacked into a strip pile and covered with a plastic film.

[0065] When the temperature of the pile rises to 50℃, the plastic film is removed, and the pile is turned over every three days. When the temperature of the pile rises to 65℃, the pile is turned over every day.

[0066] When the temperature of the pile gradually decreases and the temperature is detected to be lower than 60℃ for three consecutive times, the pile is turned over every three days until the pile is no longer heated.

[0067] In the present application, the surface of the pile is covered with a plastic film, which can keep the pile warm in the early stage of fermentation, so that the pile can be quickly heated to above 50℃. In actual operation, the plastic film is generally covered for 20-30 h to heat the temperature of the pile to above 50℃.

[0068] The mature fermentation process can be roughly divided into a heating stage, a high-temperature stage, and a cooling stage according to the temperature. The heating stage refers to the stage in which the temperature of the pile rises in the early stage of composting. In this stage, thermophilic microorganisms dominate. Such microorganisms mostly utilize easily degradable organic matter (such as proteins and starches) for metabolic activity. Thermophilic microorganisms are widely distributed, and fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes can all participate in the degradation in this stage, among which bacteria play the most significant role.

[0069] After the temperature rising stage, it is the high temperature stage. In this stage, the higher temperature environment makes the previously existing large amount of mesophilic microorganisms die out rapidly, the microbial community structure changes, and thermophilic microorganisms begin to occupy the fermentation center and become the dominant microorganisms. Organic matter such as cellulose and hemicellulose is degraded rapidly in this stage. With the increase of temperature, thermophilic fungi and actinomycetes have the strongest activity at about 50℃; when the temperature of the pile reaches more than 60℃, the fungi almost lose activity, and the thermophilic actinomycetes and bacteria continue to be active; if the temperature exceeds 70℃, most microorganisms cannot survive, and most microorganisms die or enter a dormant state.

[0070] Optionally, the adjuvant comprises biochar, urea, potassium fulvate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, bentonite;

[0071] The addition amount of the biochar is 5-8% of the weight of the premix;

[0072] The addition amount of the potassium fulvate is 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the premix;

[0073] The addition amount of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the premix;

[0074] The addition amount of the sodium hexametaphosphate is 1-2% of the weight of the premix;

[0075] The addition amount of the bentonite is 3-5% of the weight of the premix;

[0076] The urea is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture, and the addition amount of the urea adjusts the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 30-35.

[0077] In the present application, the addition of urea can increase the nitrogen content of the compost raw material and promote the proliferation of microorganisms. The nitrogen in urea can be quickly utilized by microorganisms, and can provide nitrogen elements for rapid utilization by microorganisms in the early stage of composting to promote the proliferation of microorganisms. In the present application, the addition amount of urea is limited to adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 30-35. Generally, the addition amount of urea is 0.5-1.2% of the weight of the mixture. Moreover, urea has a high nitrogen content, and excessive addition will reduce the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost raw material, affect the proliferation of microorganisms during composting, and affect the fertility of the final obtained cultivation substrate.

[0078] In the present application, the biochar is a solid material with high chemical stability, thermal stability and biological inertia, which is generated by pyrolysis of biomass as raw material under certain temperature, atmosphere (limited oxygen, no oxygen, saturated water vapor) and pressure (normal pressure or high pressure) conditions. Due to the porous structure of biochar, the addition of biochar not only can increase the porosity of the pile and increase the oxygen content inside the pile, which is beneficial to the fermentation process, but also can provide more active adsorption sites due to the rich functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and π electron donors in biochar, which can effectively adsorb heavy metal ions in the base material. In addition, since biochar is derived from waste materials, it has the advantages of low cost, carbon neutrality and renewable.

[0079] Potassium fulvate is a substance after neutralization of fulvic acid (product after reaction of fulvic acid and potassium oxide), the addition of potassium fulvate not only can provide potassium element in the compost raw material, but also fulvic acid can provide rich nutrients such as amino acids, B vitamins, vitamin C, inositol, polysaccharides, trace elements (molybdenum, boron, zinc) and the like, which can have a positive impact on the fermentation process.

[0080] The addition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate not only can introduce phosphorus and potassium elements in the pile, but also can play a buffering role in the acid production stage of the fermentation process, so as to avoid the generation of adverse consequences due to the low pH of the pile caused by the large amount of acid produced by microbial fermentation, which affects the fermentation process.

[0081] Sodium hexametaphosphate can introduce phosphorus elements in the pile, and also can play a role in water absorption and water retention, avoiding the phenomenon of too fast water loss in the fermentation process of the pile.

[0082] Bentonite is a non-metallic mineral product with montmorillonite as the main mineral component. The structure of montmorillonite is a 2:1 type crystal structure composed of two silicon oxygen tetrahedrons and one aluminum oxygen octahedron. Due to the layered structure of montmorillonite crystal cell, there are some cations such as Cu, Mg, Na, K, and these cations are not stable with montmorillonite crystal cell and are easily exchanged with other cations, so it has good ion exchange property. Therefore, the addition of bentonite not only can play a role in water absorption, but also can adsorb heavy metal ions in the pile.

[0083] Optionally, the bacterial liquid includes a dilution of EM bacterial liquid, that is, the EM bacterial liquid is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:800-900;

[0084] The addition amount of the bacterial liquid is 5-10% of the weight of the mixture.

[0085] In the present application, the EM bacterial liquid is also called beneficial microflora, which includes photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast bacteria, actinomycetes, filamentous bacteria and other 80 kinds of bacteria, so the addition of EM bacterial liquid can introduce rich fermentation beneficial bacteria into the pile, thereby realizing the rapid fermentation of the pile.

[0086] Optionally, the complex microbial agent includes Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi, and the number ratio of the above-mentioned bacteria is 0.1:0.7:0.5, unit 10 8 cfu / g;

[0087] The addition amount of the complex microbial agent is 0.8-1% of the weight of the compost raw material.

[0088] In the present application, the complex microbial agent mainly includes fungi such as Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi. These fungi can decompose macromolecular substances such as cellulose, lignin and plant protein in the pile, thereby producing a large amount of oligosaccharides, monosaccharides and amino acids, which provide carbon sources for other microorganisms such as bacteria in the pile that cannot utilize these macromolecules, thereby promoting the fermentation process.

[0089] Optionally, the water content of the compost raw material is 65-67%.

[0090] In the present application, since the compost raw material contains sodium hexametaphosphate and bentonite, the addition of these two substances not only provides corresponding elements for the compost raw material, but also has a certain water absorption and water retention performance. Therefore, even if the water content of the compost raw material is as high as 65-67%, a large amount of water will combine with sodium hexametaphosphate and bentonite to form corresponding bound water, and the high water content will not cause insufficient porosity of the pile and affect the fermentation process. Moreover, due to the water absorption and expansion characteristics of bentonite, its volume increases after absorbing water, which can also increase the porosity of the pile.

[0091] Moreover, due to the water absorption and retention characteristics of sodium hexametaphosphate and bentonite, and due to the heat production of the large number of bacteria during the fermentation process, the water in the pile will be rapidly evaporated during the high temperature period, thereby causing the temperature of the pile to be too high (greater than 70℃) during the middle and late stages of the high temperature period. Such high temperature is extremely unfavorable for the proliferation of bacteria, and even can cause a large number of bacteria to die, affecting the fermentation effect. Sodium hexametaphosphate and bentonite can form bound water with water, which can slow down the release of water during the high temperature period of the pile fermentation, thereby controlling the temperature of the pile and avoiding the adverse consequences of excessive temperature of the pile on fermentation. In actual production, when the method of the present application is used for fermentation, it is found that the number of days that the pile continuously maintains 60-65℃ is 10-12 days. Under such conditions, harmful microorganisms in the compost raw material can be fully killed, which meets the corresponding compost requirements.

[0092] Optionally, after the compost raw materials are stacked into a pile, wood vinegar with a concentration of 10% is sprayed on the surface of the pile, and the spraying amount of the wood vinegar is 5-10% of the weight of the compost raw materials.

[0093] In the present application, the wood vinegar is a liquid obtained by condensing gaseous products after dry distillation and pyrolysis of wood, sawdust, rice husk, straw, cotton stalk, etc. As a green natural substance, the wood vinegar mainly contains various organic compounds such as acids, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, esters, and ethers, as well as a small amount of metal elements.

[0094] In a second aspect, the present application provides a cultivation substrate prepared by the method provided in any one of the above first aspect.

[0095] The cultivation substrate provided in the present application has the beneficial effects as described above for the production method of the cultivation substrate, and will not be repeated here. Specific embodiments Embodiment 1

[0096] A cultivation substrate is prepared by the following method:

[0097] S101, after the pre-mixed material prepared from the pretreated cow manure and the fermented straw and the auxiliary materials are uniformly mixed, a mixture with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 30 is prepared, wherein the pretreated cow manure and the fermented straw are configured in a weight ratio of 1:3.

[0098] The auxiliary materials include 5% of the weight of the pre-mixed material of biochar, 0.8% of the weight of the pre-mixed material of potassium fulvate, 0.5% of the weight of the pre-mixed material of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% of the weight of the pre-mixed material of sodium hexametaphosphate, and 3% of the weight of the pre-mixed material of bentonite; urea is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture, and the amount of urea added is sufficient to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 30.

[0099] S102, the mixture is added to a crusher for crushing, and the mixture is sieved through a 2-3 cm sieve, and 5% of the weight of the mixture is sprayed with a bacterial solution to prepare a base material; the bacterial solution is a diluent obtained by diluting EM bacterial solution with water at a ratio of 1:800.

[0100] S103, after the base material is mixed with water, a compost raw material with a water content of 67% is prepared.

[0101] S104, the compost raw material is mixed with a composite microbial agent with a dosage of 0.8% of the weight of the compost raw material to prepare a pile; the composite microbial agent includes Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger, and white rot fungi, and the number ratio of the above-mentioned bacteria is 0.1:0.7:0.5, unit 10 8 cfu / g.

[0102] S105, the compost raw material is stacked into a pile, wood vinegar with a concentration of 10% is sprayed on the surface of the pile, the spraying amount of the wood vinegar is 5% of the weight of the compost raw material, and a plastic film is covered.

[0103] When the temperature of the pile rises to 50℃, the plastic film is removed, and the pile is turned over every three days until the temperature of the pile rises to 65℃, and then the pile is turned over every day.

[0104] When the temperature of the pile gradually decreases and the temperature is lower than 60℃ for three times in succession, the pile is turned over every three days until the pile stops generating heat. Example 2

[0105] A cultivation substrate is prepared by the following method:

[0106] S201, the premix prepared from pretreated cow dung and fermented straw and auxiliary materials are uniformly mixed to prepare a mixture with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 35, wherein the pretreated cow dung and fermented straw are configured in a weight ratio of 1:3.5.

[0107] The auxiliary materials include 8% of the weight of the premix of biochar, 1.2% of the weight of the premix of potassium fulvate, 1.0% of the weight of the premix of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2% of the weight of the premix of sodium hexametaphosphate, and 5% of the weight of the premix of bentonite; urea is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture, and the amount of urea added is sufficient to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 35.

[0108] S202, the mixture is added to a crusher for crushing, and the mixture is sprayed with a bacterial solution with a weight of 10% of the mixture to prepare a base material; the bacterial solution is a dilution obtained by diluting EM bacterial solution with water at a ratio of 1:900.

[0109] S203, the base material is mixed with water to prepare a compost raw material with a water content of 65%.

[0110] S204, the compost raw material is mixed with a composite microbial agent with a dosage of 1% of the weight of the compost raw material to prepare a pile; the composite microbial agent includes Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger, and white rot fungi, and the number ratio of the above-mentioned bacteria is 0.1:0.7:0.5, unit 10 8 cfu / g.

[0111] S205, the compost raw material is stacked into a strip pile, wood vinegar solution with a concentration of 10% is sprayed onto the surface of the pile, the spraying amount of the wood vinegar solution is 10% of the weight of the compost raw material, and a plastic film is covered.

[0112] When the temperature of the pile rises to 50℃, the plastic film is removed, and the pile is turned over every three days until the temperature of the pile rises to 65℃, and then the pile is turned over every day.

[0113] When the temperature of the pile gradually decreases and the temperature is lower than 60℃ for three times in succession, the pile is turned over every three days until the pile stops generating heat. Example 3

[0114] A cultivation substrate is prepared by the following method:

[0115] S301, the premix prepared by mixing pretreated cow dung and fermented straw and the auxiliary material are uniformly mixed to prepare a mixture with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 33, wherein the pretreated cow dung and the fermented straw are configured in a weight ratio of 1:3.3.

[0116] The auxiliary material includes 7% of the weight of the premix of biochar, 1.0% of the weight of the premix of potassium fulvate, 0.7% of the weight of the premix of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5% of the weight of the premix of sodium hexametaphosphate, and 4% of the weight of the premix of bentonite; urea is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture, and the amount of urea added is sufficient to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 33.

[0117] S302, the mixture is added to a crusher for crushing, and the crushed mixture is sieved through a 2-3 cm sieve, and 8% of the weight of the mixture is sprayed with a bacterial solution to prepare the base material; the bacterial solution is a dilution obtained by diluting EM bacterial solution with water at a ratio of 1:850.

[0118] S303, the base material is mixed with water to prepare compost raw material with a water content of 66%.

[0119] S304, the compost raw material is mixed with a composite microbial agent having a dosage of 0.9% of the weight of the compost raw material to prepare a heap; the composite microbial agent includes Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger, and white rot fungi, and the number ratio of the above-mentioned bacteria is 0.1:0.7:0.5, unit 10 8 cfu / g.

[0120] S305, the compost raw material is stacked into a strip pile heap, wood vinegar solution with a concentration of 10% is sprayed onto the surface of the heap, the spraying amount of the wood vinegar solution is 5-10% of the weight of the compost raw material, and a plastic film is covered;

[0121] When the temperature of the pile rises to 50℃, the plastic film is removed, and the pile is turned over every three days until the temperature of the pile rises to 65℃, and then the pile is turned over every day.

[0122] When it is detected that the temperature of the pile gradually decreases and the temperature is continuously detected below 60℃ for three times, the pile is turned over every three days until the pile is no longer heated.

[0123] Comparative Example 1

[0124] A cultivation substrate is prepared by the following method:

[0125] The remaining operations are the same as those in Example 3, except that the premix is prepared by mixing pretreated cow dung and straw as raw materials, wherein the straw is corn straw, and the particle size of the crushed corn straw is consistent with that of the fermented straw.

[0126] In the above examples, the fermented straw is prepared by the following method:

[0127] The corn stalks are crushed into pieces no more than 2 cm, lime powder of 1% of the weight of the corn stalks is sprinkled on the corn stalks, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a corn stalk premix;

[0128] The corn stalk premix is uniformly sprayed with water of 50% of the weight of the premix, and the premix is stacked. The next day, the premix that has been sprayed with water is uniformly sprayed with water of 45% of the weight of the premix, and the stacked fermentation is performed.

[0129] The temperature of the stack is measured every day at the beginning of the stacked fermentation. When the temperature of the stack is greater than 60℃, the stack is turned over. The stack is turned over every 3 days for 2 times, and then the turning over is stopped. The stacked fermentation is continued for 30-40 days, and then the stack is turned over every 3 days for 4 times. After that, the stack is turned over every 7 days for 2 times, and then the stacked fermentation is continued for 5 days. The fermented corn stalks are obtained.

[0130] In the above examples, the pretreated cow dung is prepared as follows:

[0131] The fresh cow dung is dried in the shade at 28℃ in an environment with a ventilation rate of 6.5 m / s until the moisture content is 43%.

[0132] The dried cow dung is crushed and sieved through a screen with a mesh size of 1-2 cm to obtain the pretreated cow dung.

[0133] The cultivation substrates are prepared according to the methods of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 1 (the weight of the premix is the same in each method), and the fermentation process of the cultivation substrates is selected in a certain place in Inner Mongolia, China, with an average temperature of 28℃. The following experiments are performed in 7-8 replicates.

[0134] Experimental Example 1

[0135] Seed Germination Index (GI) Experiment

[0136] The fresh sample is mixed with distilled water at a ratio of 1:10, and the mixture is shaken in a shaking bed for 2 h. The mixture is filtered, and then the filtrate is centrifuged at 3000 r / min for 10 min and stored in a 4℃ refrigerator for use. The filter paper is placed in a sterilized 9 cm culture dish, 5 mL of the centrifuged supernatant is accurately taken into the culture dish, and 30 small cabbage seeds are evenly placed in the culture dish with filter paper. A control group is also set up, in which 5 mL of distilled water is accurately taken into the culture dish with filter paper, and 30 seeds are also evenly placed in the culture dish. The culture dishes are incubated in an incubator at 25℃ in the dark for 48 h. The root length and the number of seedlings of the seeds are measured, the germination rate of the seeds is calculated, and the germination index is calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0137]

[0138] The method provided in accordance with the People's Republic of China, NY525-2012 organic fertilizer industry standards (NY525-2012, 2012) is to determine the total organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the compost sample and calculate the C / N ratio. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0139]

[0140] Table 1

[0141]

[0142] From the results of Table 1, it can be seen that the cultivation substrate produced by the method of the present application using fermented straw as raw material has obvious promoting effect on seed germination, while the self-cultivation substrate produced using unfermented straw as raw material has relatively low effect on promoting seed germination.

[0143] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited thereto; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that; it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for the production of a cultivation substrate, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: The mixture is added into a crusher for crushing, and is sieved through a 2-3 cm sieve, and is sprayed with a bacterial liquid to form a base material; The base material is mixed with water to form a compost raw material; The compost raw material is mixed with a compound microbial agent to form a heap; The heap is subjected to composting fermentation to form a cultivation substrate; The fermented straw is prepared according to the following method: The straw is crushed into fragments of no more than 2 cm, 1-2% of lime powder by weight of the straw is added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a straw premix; The straw premix is uniformly sprayed with 45-55% of water by weight of the premix, and is stacked, and the next day, the premix sprayed with water is uniformly sprayed with 40-45% of water by weight of the premix, and is subjected to stacking fermentation; When the temperature of the stack reaches greater than 60℃, the stack is turned over, and the turning over is performed once every 3 days, and after 2-3 times of turning over, the turning over is stopped, and the stacking fermentation is continued for 30-40 days, and then the turning over is performed once every 3 days, and after 4-5 times of turning over, the turning over is performed once every 7 days, and after 2-3 times of turning over, the stacking fermentation is continued for 3-5 days, to obtain the fermented straw; no additional microbial agent is added during the fermentation process of the straw; The auxiliary material comprises biochar, urea, potassium fulvate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and bentonite; The addition amount of the biochar is 5-8% by weight of the premix; The addition amount of the potassium fulvate is 0.8-1.2% by weight of the premix; The addition amount of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.5-1.0% by weight of the premix; The addition amount of the sodium hexametaphosphate is 1-2% by weight of the premix; The addition amount of the bentonite is 3-5% by weight of the premix; The urea is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture, and the addition amount of the urea is sufficient to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 30-35. The pretreated cow dung is treated according to the following method:

2. The method for producing a cultivation medium according to claim 1, characterized by, The fresh cow dung is dried in the shade to a water content of 40-45% at 25-30℃ and an air flow rate of 5-8 m / s; The dried cow dung is crushed and sieved through a sieve with a mesh size of 1-2 cm to obtain the pretreated cow dung. The composting fermentation comprises:

3. The method for producing a cultivation medium according to claim 1, characterized by, The compost raw material is stacked into a strip-pile type heap, and is covered with a plastic film; When the temperature of the stack reaches 50℃, the plastic film is removed, and the stack is turned over once every three days, and the turning over is performed once a day when the temperature of the stack reaches 65℃; When the temperature of the stack is detected to gradually decrease, and the temperature is detected to be lower than 60℃ for three times in succession, the stack is turned over once every three days until the stack is no longer heated. The bacterial liquid comprises a dilution liquid of an EM bacterial liquid, that is, the EM bacterial liquid is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:800-900; 4. The method for producing a cultivation medium according to claim 1, characterized by, The addition amount of the bacterial liquid is 5-10% by weight of the mixture. The addition amount of the compound microbial agent is 0.8-1% by weight of the compost raw material.

5. The method for producing a cultivation medium according to claim 1, characterized by, The complex microbial agent includes Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger and white rot fungi, and the number ratio of the colonies of the above-mentioned bacteria is 0.1:0.7:0.5, unit 10 8 cfu / g; The water content of the compost raw material is 65-67%.

6. The method for producing a cultivation medium according to claim 1, characterized by, After the compost raw material is stacked into a strip-pile type heap, wood vinegar liquid with a concentration of 10% is sprayed onto the surface of the heap, and the spraying amount of the wood vinegar liquid is 5-10% by weight of the compost raw material.

7. The method for producing a cultivation medium according to claim 3, characterized by, ​ 8. A cultivation substrate, characterized in that, comprising the method provided by any one of claims 1 to 7.

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