Vineyard water-saving irrigation system, construction method thereof and grape planting irrigation method

Abstract

The invention relates to a vineyard water-saving irrigation system, a construction method thereof and a grape planting irrigation method. The problems that in the northwest region, precipitation is small, water evaporation is fast in the grape cultivation management process, and water resources are wasted due to overground drip irrigation are solved. According to the technical scheme, the device comprises collection boxes buried underground on the two sides of a cultivation row, and a water conveying pipeline and a rainwater pipeline are arranged in the collection boxes; when the vineyard is built, deep ditches are dug in the two sides of a cultivation row respectively, the irrigation systems are placed in the deep ditches, the two irrigation systems incline towards the inner side of the cultivation row to form a splayed shape, and then soil covering is conducted; grape seedlings are planted in cultivation rows, water is provided for the grape seedlings planted on the two sides of the cultivation rows through a water conveying pipeline and a rainwater pipeline, and rainwater can be collected or tap water can be adopted for irrigation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vineyard water-saving irrigation, and in particular to a vineyard water-saving irrigation system and a construction method thereof, and a grape planting irrigation method. Background Art

[0002] The shortage of water resources in my country and the uneven distribution of water resources in time and space are the main limiting factors for agricultural development. In particular, the Northwest region has low rainfall, dry climate and strong evaporation, which leads to a lack of water for agricultural production, seriously restricting the living standards of local people and the development of agricultural economy. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of water shortage in the Northwest region, my country is vigorously developing water-saving irrigation technology, promoting the use of drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, pipe irrigation and other measures, adjusting the water use structure and improving the utilization rate of water resources.

[0003] In the northwest region, most vineyards are irrigated with drip irrigation technology. Drip irrigation is a method of irrigation in which water with a certain pressure is filtered and then dripped slowly and evenly into the soil near the roots of plants through a pipe network and an outlet pipe (drip tape) or a dripper in the form of water droplets. It has the advantages of improving land resource utilization, increasing crop yields, saving water, inhibiting weed growth, and reducing soil erosion risks. The current drip irrigation methods are mainly above-ground drip irrigation or sub-film drip irrigation, which will cause most of the water to remain on the surface. For the northwest region, it is not conducive to the root system of grapes, making the trees unable to withstand drought or severe cold and other adversities; at the same time, the strong evaporation environment causes part of the water dripping to the surface to evaporate easily, which will cause a waste of water resources.

[0004] Therefore, efficient water-saving irrigation mode is an urgent need for the sustainable development of the grape industry in Northwest China. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a vineyard water-saving irrigation system and a construction method thereof and a grape planting irrigation method to solve the problems of low precipitation in the northwest region, rapid evaporation of water during grape cultivation management, and waste of water resources caused by ground drip irrigation.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a vineyard water-saving irrigation system, the irrigation system comprising a collection box buried underground on both sides of the cultivation row, the collection box is provided with a water pipeline and a rainwater pipeline;

[0007] The water delivery pipeline comprises an upper layer pipe and a lower layer pipe;

[0008] The upper pipe consists of two parts: a horizontal water pipe and a vertical water pipe. The horizontal water pipe is a double-layer pipe. The lower part of the outer layer of the double-layer pipe is a high-density filter mesh, which occupies 1 / 3 of the pipe wall area. There are several vertical water pipes, and the intervals are consistent with the spacing of grape plants. One end is connected to the horizontal water pipe. The structure of each vertical water pipe is composed of a pipe material and 4 high-density filter meshes spaced between the pipe materials. The high-density filter mesh occupies 1 / 2 of the pipe wall area. The water in the water pipe penetrates into the soil through the high-density filter mesh on the pipe wall.

[0009] The lower pipe includes two inner and outer water pipes, and the structure of the outer pipe is the same as the horizontal water pipe structure of the upper pipe;

[0010] The rainwater pipeline includes a plurality of rainwater collectors and rainwater transport pipes;

[0011] The rain collector is composed of a conical nozzle and a high-density filter screen, wherein the high-density filter screen is arranged at the tail of the conical nozzle;

[0012] The rainwater transport pipe is composed of an outer water pipe, an inner horizontal water pipe, a vertical connecting pipe and a rainwater control switch; the outer water pipe and the inner horizontal water pipe are connected to the vertical connecting pipe, and the inner horizontal water pipe is connected to the vertical water pipe of the upper pipe respectively; each rain collector is connected to the outer water pipe;

[0013] The conical nozzle of the rain collector extends out of the outer layer of the collection box;

[0014] The upper layer pipe and the lower layer pipe are respectively connected to a water source.

[0015] Furthermore, the above-ground part of the collection box is provided with a sunshade net, non-woven fabric and absorbent cotton laid from top to bottom.

[0016] Furthermore, the filter is a high-density filter material with a small pore size, which can only seep water but cannot pass sand, gravel, plant roots, etc.

[0017] Furthermore, one side of the water delivery pipeline is embedded in the plate surface on the other side of the assembly box.

[0018] Furthermore, the inner tubes of the upper tube and the lower tube are both common drip irrigation tubes.

[0019] Furthermore, the upper tube and the lower tube are respectively connected with control switches.

[0020] Furthermore, the upper pipe is 30 cm away from the top of the collection box, and the upper pipe is 40 cm away from the horizontal water pipes in the lower pipe.

[0021] Furthermore, the collection box is 60-80cm high.

[0022] A method for constructing a vineyard water-saving irrigation system,

[0023] When building a vineyard, dig a 70cm deep trench on both sides of the cultivation row, put the irrigation system in, and tilt the two irrigation systems about 30 degrees to the inside of the cultivation row to form an "eight" shape, and then cover the soil;

[0024] Plant the grape seedlings in the cultivation rows, parallel to the vertical water pipes on both sides of the upper pipes, with a planting depth of 30 cm. After planting, lay water-retaining materials on the surface to complete the setting of the water-saving irrigation mode structure.

[0025] A grape planting irrigation method,

[0026] In the first year of grape cultivation, the roots of the grape seedlings are distributed about 30cm in the soil. When irrigation is needed, just open the upper pipe switch to meet the water required for the early growth of the grapes and promote the root system to grow downward;

[0027] In the second year, the upper layer pipes are used mainly, and the lower layer pipes are used as a supplement. The upper layer pipes are used for irrigation twice, and the lower layer pipes are opened when the upper layer pipes are used for watering for the third time. The four pipes are used at the same time to meet the normal water demand of grape growth and promote the downward extension of the root system;

[0028] In the third year, when the grape roots are mainly distributed at around 50-70cm, stop using the upper pipes and only open the lower pipe switches for irrigation to promote the growth of the grape roots into deep soil.

[0029] The later use is the same as the third year;

[0030] When collecting rainwater, turn on the rainwater control switch to make full use of rainwater for irrigation; on non-rainy days, turn off the rainwater control switch to seal the soil around 70cm deep in the cultivation row to prevent excess water from escaping horizontally and seeping deeper to promote the rooting of the grapes;

[0031] When the amount of water in the upper pipe is large, some of the water in the horizontal pipe will seep out through the high-density filter, enter the vertical pipe, and then pass through the high-density filter into the deep soil, promoting the root system to grow downward.

[0032] The rainwater pipe is only opened with a rainwater control switch on rainy days. After the rainwater penetrates into the soil, it flows into the conical nozzle and enters the outer water pipe after being filtered by a high-density filter. The rainwater in the outer water pipe flows into the vertical connecting pipe and then enters the inner horizontal water pipe, and then flows into the vertical water pipe of the upper pipe, passes through the high-density filter and enters the deep soil. The rainwater pipe is closed on non-rainy days, and only the water pipe of the entire irrigation device can be used for irrigation.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0034] 1) Compared with ordinary ground irrigation, the present invention can avoid the waste of water resources caused by transpiration, further optimize the water-saving effect of drip irrigation, and at the same time play a role in water conservation.

[0035] 2) The water-retaining materials, sunshade nets, non-woven fabrics and absorbent cotton provided in the present invention can prevent evaporation caused by excessively strong sunlight, so that the surface of the ground forms a relatively closed environment, thereby retaining moisture; on the other hand, when preparing for winter cold protection, the covering material can be lifted up, buried in the soil and then covered back, thereby achieving a double cold protection effect; in addition, the water-retaining layer covering the surface can prevent the growth of weeds and prevent the loss of soil nutrients.

[0036] 3) The present invention buries water pipes underground at different depths, and combines the growth law of the grape root system. In the early stage, "upper pipes are mainly used, and lower pipes are supplementary", and in the later stage, deep lower pipes are mainly used to control water around the root system, which not only reduces water waste, but also can meet the water demand of grapes in different growth periods, promote root system growth, and improve plant resistance.

[0037] 4) The irrigation system of the present invention is easy to install and maintain, and will not be entangled by grape roots to cause failures and shorten the service life.

[0038] 5) The irrigation system of the present invention can use the rain collector to collect and fully utilize the rainwater that infiltrates the surface, and reasonably distribute the flow direction of rainwater in combination with the rainwater transport pipe, thereby saving water resources. The rainwater that flows into the root zone is more in line with the growth structure characteristics of the grape root system.

[0039] 6) The pipeline used in the present invention is different from the conventional pipeline. The pipeline adopts the materials used in the conventional pipeline and combines it with a high-density filter screen to make a special pipeline, which can realize water infiltration irrigation and water filtration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 A front schematic diagram of the structure of the vineyard water-saving irrigation system of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic side view of the structure of the vineyard water-saving irrigation system of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 The inner basic structure of the vineyard water-saving irrigation device of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 The outer basic structure of the vineyard water-saving irrigation device of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 The front basic structure of the vineyard water-saving irrigation device of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 6 The reverse basic structure of the vineyard water-saving irrigation device of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 7 A bottom schematic diagram of the composition structure of the irrigation device of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the basic structure of the rain collector of the irrigation device of the present invention.

[0048] Marking Description:

[0049] A. Water-retaining materials,

[0050] 1. Sunshade net; 2. Non-woven fabric; 3. Water-absorbent cotton;

[0051] B. Water pipelines,

[0052] Ⅰ. Upper tube;

[0053] 4. Horizontal water pipe; 5. Drip irrigation pipe; 6. High-density filter; 7. Vertical water pipe;

[0054] Ⅱ Lower layer pipe;

[0055] 4. Horizontal water pipe; 5. Drip irrigation pipe; 6. High-density filter;

[0056] C. Rainwater pipes,

[0057] III. Rain collector;

[0058] 8. Conical nozzle; 6. High-density filter;

[0059] IV. Rainwater transport pipe:

[0060] 9. Outer water pipe; 10. Inner horizontal water pipe; 11. Vertical connecting pipe; 12. Rainwater control switch;

[0061] D. Assembly box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or mutual communication; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0064] The present invention provides a vineyard water-saving irrigation system, comprising a collection box D buried underground on both sides of a cultivation row, the collection box D is 60-80 cm high, and a water delivery pipe B and a rainwater pipe C are arranged in the collection box D;

[0065] The water pipe B includes an upper pipe I and a lower pipe II. The upper pipe I includes a horizontal water pipe 4 and a vertical water pipe 7. The horizontal water pipe 4 is a double-layer pipe. The lower part of the outer pipe of the double-layer pipe is a high-density filter screen 6, which occupies 1 / 3 of the pipe wall area. There are several vertical water pipes 7, and the intervals are consistent with the spacing of grape plants. One end is connected to the horizontal water pipe 4. The structure of each vertical water pipe 7 is composed of a pipe material and 4 high-density filter screens 6 spaced between the pipe materials. The high-density filter screens 6 occupy 1 / 2 of the pipe wall area. The water in the water pipe B penetrates into the soil through the high-density filter screen on the pipe wall. The lower pipe II includes two inner and outer water pipes. The outer pipe structure is the same as the horizontal water pipe 4 of the upper pipe I. The inner pipe is an ordinary drip irrigation pipe 5. The upper pipe I is 30 cm away from the top of the collection box D. The upper pipe I and the horizontal water pipe 4 in the lower pipe II are 40 cm apart. Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown;

[0066] As an implementation method in the embodiment, the upper layer pipe I and the lower layer pipe II are respectively connected to a water source, and the inner pipe and the inner pipe of the upper layer pipe I and the lower layer pipe II are both common drip irrigation pipes 5.

[0067] The rainwater pipe C includes a plurality of rainwater collectors III and rainwater transport pipes IV, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown;

[0068] The rain collector III is composed of a conical nozzle 8 and a high-density filter 6. The high-density filter 6 is arranged at the tail of the conical nozzle 8. Figure 8As shown; the rainwater transport pipe IV is composed of an outer water pipe 9, an inner transverse water pipe 10, a vertical connecting pipe 11 and a rainwater control switch 12; the outer water pipe 9 and the inner transverse water pipe 10 are connected to the vertical connecting pipe 11, and the inner transverse water pipe 10 is respectively connected to the vertical water pipe 7 of the upper pipe I; each rain collector III is connected to the outer water pipe 9; the conical nozzle 8 of the rain collector III extends out of the outer layer of the collection box.

[0069] As an implementation method in the embodiment, the ground part of the assembly box D is provided with a sunshade net 1, a non-woven fabric 2 and absorbent cotton 3 laid from top to bottom.

[0070] As an implementation method in the embodiment, the filter net is a high-density filter material with a small pore size, which can only seep water but cannot pass through sand, gravel, plant roots, etc., so that the service life of the entire device is longer.

[0071] As an implementation method in the embodiment, one side of the water delivery pipe B is embedded in the plate surface on the other side of the assembly box D.

[0072] A method for constructing a vineyard water-saving irrigation system is as follows:

[0073] When establishing a vineyard, dig trenches about 70 cm deep on both sides of the cultivation row and put the irrigation system in. Figure 1 As shown, the two irrigation systems are tilted about 30 degrees toward the inside of the cultivation row to form an "eight" shape, and then covered with soil;

[0074] Plant the grape seedlings in the cultivation rows. Figure 2 As shown, the position is parallel to the vertical water pipes 7 of the upper pipes Ⅰ on both sides, and the planting depth is 30 cm. After the planting is completed, water-retaining material A is laid on the surface to complete the setting of the water-saving irrigation mode structure.

[0075] A grape planting irrigation method is:

[0076] In the first year of grape cultivation, the roots of the grape seedlings are distributed in the soil about 30cm. When irrigation is needed, just open the upper tube I switch to meet the water required for the early growth of the grapes and promote the root system to grow downward;

[0077] In the second year, the upper tube I is used mainly, and the lower tube II is used as a supplement. Every time the upper tube I is used twice for irrigation, the lower tube II is opened while the upper tube I is used for watering for the third time. The four pipes are used at the same time to meet the normal water demand of grape growth and promote the downward extension of the root system;

[0078] In the third year, when the grape roots are mainly distributed at around 50-70cm, stop using the upper tube I and only open the switch of the lower tube II for irrigation to promote the growth of the grape roots into deep soil.

[0079] The later use is the same as the third year;

[0080] When collecting rainwater, the rainwater control switch 12 is turned on to fully utilize the rainwater for irrigation; on non-rainy days, the rainwater control switch 12 is turned off to seal the soil around 70 cm deep in the cultivation row to prevent excess water from escaping horizontally and then seeping deep into the soil to promote the root system of the grapes to grow downward;

[0081] When the amount of water in the upper pipe I is large, part of the water in the horizontal water pipe 4 will seep through the high-density filter 6, enter the vertical water pipe 7, and then enter the deep soil through the high-density filter 6 to promote the root system to grow downward.

[0082] The rainwater pipe C is opened with the rainwater control switch 12 only on rainy days. After the rainwater penetrates into the soil, it flows into the conical nozzle 8 and enters the outer water pipe 9 after being filtered by the high-density filter 6. The rainwater in the outer water pipe 9 flows into the vertical connecting pipe 11 and then into the inner horizontal water pipe 10, and then flows into the vertical water pipe 7 of the upper pipe I and enters the deep soil through the high-density filter 6. When the rainwater pipe C is closed on non-rainy days, only the water pipe B of the entire irrigation device can be used for irrigation.

[0083] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vineyard water-saving irrigation system, characterized by: The irrigation system comprises a collection box (D) buried underground on both sides of the cultivation row, and a water pipe (B) and a rainwater pipe (C) are arranged in the collection box (D); The water delivery pipeline (B) comprises an upper layer pipe (I) and a lower layer pipe (II); The upper pipe (I) includes a horizontal water pipe (4) and a vertical water pipe (7). The horizontal water pipe (4) is a double-layer pipe. The lower part of the outer layer of the double-layer pipe is a high-density filter (6), which occupies 1 / 3 of the pipe wall area. A plurality of vertical water pipes (7) are provided, and the intervals are consistent with the spacing of grape plants. One end is connected to the horizontal water pipe (4). The structure of each vertical water pipe (7) is composed of a pipe material and four high-density filter nets (6) arranged between the pipe materials at intervals. The high-density filter nets (6) occupy 1 / 2 of the pipe wall area. The water in the water pipe (B) penetrates into the soil through the high-density filter net on the pipe wall. The lower pipe (II) includes two inner and outer water pipes, and the structure of the outer pipe is the same as that of the horizontal water pipe (4) of the upper pipe (I); The rainwater pipeline (C) comprises a plurality of rainwater collectors (III) and rainwater transport pipes (IV); The rain collector (III) is composed of a conical nozzle (8) and a high-density filter (6), wherein the high-density filter (6) is arranged at the tail of the conical nozzle (8); The rainwater transport pipe (IV) is composed of an outer water pipe (9), an inner transverse water pipe (10), a vertical connecting pipe (11) and a rainwater control switch (12); the outer water pipe (9) and the inner transverse water pipe (10) are both connected to the vertical connecting pipe (11), and the inner transverse water pipe (10) is respectively connected to the vertical water pipe (7) of the upper pipe (I); each rain collector (III) is connected to the outer water pipe (9); The conical nozzle (8) of the rain collector (III) extends out of the outer layer of the collection box; The upper tube (I) and the lower tube (II) are respectively connected to a water source.

2. A vineyard water-saving irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The above-ground portion of the assembly box (D) is provided with a sunshade net (1), a non-woven fabric (2) and water-absorbing cotton (3) laid from top to bottom.

3. A vineyard water-saving irrigation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The filter screen is a high-density filter material with a small pore size, which can only seep water but cannot penetrate sand, gravel, plant roots, etc.

4. A vineyard water-saving irrigation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: One side of the water delivery pipe (B) is embedded in the plate surface on the other side of the assembly box (D).

5. A vineyard water-saving irrigation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner tubes of the upper tube (I) and the lower tube (II) are both common drip irrigation tubes (5).

6. A vineyard water-saving irrigation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper tube (I) and the lower tube (II) are respectively connected to a control switch (12).

7. A vineyard water-saving irrigation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper pipe (I) is 30 cm away from the top of the collection box (D), and the distance between the upper pipe (I) and the horizontal water pipe (4) in the lower pipe (II) is 40 cm.

8. A vineyard water-saving irrigation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The assembly box (D) is 60-80 cm high.

9. The method for constructing a vineyard water-saving irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When building a vineyard, dig trenches about 70 cm deep on both sides of the cultivation row and put the irrigation systems in. The two irrigation systems are tilted 30 degrees to the inside of the cultivation row. o Left and right, forming an "eight" shape, and then cover with soil; The grape seedlings are planted in the cultivation row, parallel to the vertical water pipes (7) of the upper pipes (Ⅰ) on both sides, with a planting depth of 30 cm. After the planting is completed, water-retaining materials (A) are laid on the surface to complete the setting of the water-saving irrigation mode structure.

10. A grape planting irrigation method, characterized in that: In the first year of grape cultivation, the roots of the grape seedlings are distributed about 30 cm in the soil. When irrigation is needed, just open the upper pipe (Ⅰ) switch to meet the water needs of the early growth of the grapes and promote the root system to grow downward; In the second year, the upper tube (I) is used mainly, and the lower tube (II) is used as a supplement. Every time the upper tube (I) is used twice for irrigation, the lower tube (II) is opened at the same time when the upper tube (I) is used for watering for the third time. The four tubes are used at the same time to meet the normal water demand of grape growth and promote the downward extension of the root system. In the third year, when the grape roots are mainly distributed at about 50-70 cm, stop using the upper tube (Ⅰ) and only open the lower tube (Ⅱ) for irrigation to promote the growth of the grape roots into the deep soil. The later use is the same as the third year; When collecting rainwater, the rainwater control switch (12) is turned on to fully utilize the rainwater for irrigation; on non-rainy days, the rainwater control switch (12) is turned off, thereby sealing the soil near the 70 cm depth of the cultivation row to prevent excess water from escaping horizontally and then seeping into the depths, thereby promoting the root system of the grapes to grow downward; When the amount of water in the upper pipe (Ⅰ) is large, part of the water in the horizontal pipe (4) will seep through the high-density filter (6) and enter the vertical pipe (7), and then pass through the high-density filter (6) into the deep soil, promoting the root system to grow downward; The rainwater pipe (C) is opened with a rainwater control switch (12) only on rainy days. After the rainwater penetrates into the soil, it flows into the conical nozzle (8) and enters the outer water pipe (9) after being filtered by the high-density filter (6). The rainwater in the outer water pipe (9) flows into the vertical connecting pipe (11) and then into the inner horizontal water pipe (10), and then flows into the vertical water pipe (7) of the upper pipe (Ⅰ), passes through the high-density filter (6) and enters the deep soil. When it is not rainy, the rainwater pipe (C) is closed, and only the water pipe (B) of the entire irrigation device can be used for irrigation.

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