Tapered thin-wall revolving body turning tool and machining method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of part machining, in particular to a conical thin-wall rotary body turning tool which comprises a mandrel 1, a top plate 2 and a lock nut 3. The mandrel 1 is provided with a centering limiting clamping groove 11, and the top plate 2 is assembled on the mandrel 1 through the centering limiting clamping groove 11; the two ends of the mandrel 1 are provided with mandrel threads 12, and the lock nut 3 locks the top plate 2 through the mandrel threads 12. By means of tight and effective attachment between the top plate and the workpiece, the device is suitable for machining of large-diameter, conical and thin-wall rotary body parts of different sizes and conical shapes. In consideration of the characteristics of the thin-wall part, the novel turning tool for the conical thin-wall rotary body is provided, and the machining precision and quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mechanical parts processing, and in particular to a conical thin-walled rotating body turning tool and a processing method. Background Art

[0002] In modern manufacturing, with the development of industrial technology and the diversification of demand, the requirements for precision machining are getting higher and higher. Especially for some key components such as large-diameter thin-walled rotating parts in the fields of aerospace, precision instruments, etc., the machining accuracy directly affects the performance and reliability of the final product. Such parts usually have a large diameter-to-wall thickness ratio, which makes them very easy to deform during the machining process, especially when performing end turning. Any slight deviation may cause the finished product to fail to meet the design requirements.

[0003] In order to ensure the processing quality of these key components, the existing technology usually uses a fixture with good rigidity to fix the workpiece and uses a high-precision machine tool to achieve precise turning operations. However, for conical and thin-walled rotating bodies, this method is often difficult to balance the uniform distribution of the clamping force and the problem of workpiece deformation caused by excessive clamping force. In addition, due to the special shape of such workpieces, some existing general-purpose turning tools often cannot meet their processing requirements, especially in ensuring the circular runout of the end of the conical thin-walled rotating body parts and the verticality and flatness of the turning end face and the center axis of the cylinder.

[0004] In the prior art, there is no turning tool and processing method specifically for this type of tapered thin-walled rotating body, which means that in the actual production process, it is necessary to rely on the operator's experience and skills to make up for the technical defects, which not only increases the production cost, but also reduces the production efficiency and consistency of product quality. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a turning tool and processing method for tapered thin-walled rotating bodies that can effectively solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a conical thin-walled rotating body turning tool and processing method to fill the technical gap in the turning processing of conical thin-walled rotating bodies in the prior art.

[0006] A conical thin-walled rotating body turning tool, comprising: a mandrel 1, a top plate 2 and a lock nut 3; The core shaft 1 is provided with a centering and limiting groove 11, and the top plate 2 is assembled on the core shaft 1 through the centering and limiting groove 11; the core shaft 1 is provided with core shaft threads 12 at both ends, and the lock nut 3 locks the top plate 2 through the core shaft threads 12.

[0007] Preferably, the top plate 2 has a contact surface corresponding to the conical inclination angles at both ends of the conical thin-walled rotating body workpiece.

[0008] Preferably, it also includes a limiting washer 4 ; the limiting washer 4 locks the top plate 2 through the lock nut 3 and the core shaft thread 12 .

[0009] Preferably, a clamping station is provided at the first end of the mandrel 1 for coupling and mounting with a lathe chuck.

[0010] Preferably, a center hole is provided at the second end of the mandrel 1 to ensure that the center axis of the conical thin-walled rotating body workpiece coincides with the center axis of the machine tool spindle.

[0011] Preferably, the clamping station is used for coupling installation with the chuck of a three-jaw lathe.

[0012] Preferably, a second top plate 6 is provided in the middle of the core shaft 1, and the second top plate 6 is used to support the middle of the conical thin-walled rotating body workpiece.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: providing a new conical thin-walled rotating body turning tooling, taking into account the characteristics of thin-walled parts, through the close and effective fit between the top plate and the workpiece, it is particularly suitable for the processing of conical thin-walled rotating body parts, and improves the processing accuracy and quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is an assembly view of a conical thin-walled rotating body turning tool provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a conical thin-walled rotating body turning tool provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0016] Figure 3 It is an exploded view of a conical thin-walled rotating body turning tool provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the plane assembly of a conical thin-walled rotating body provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded assembly of a conical thin-walled rotating body provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the machining and assembly of a conical thin-walled rotating body provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 7 It is another schematic diagram of machining and assembly of a conical thin-walled rotating body provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 8It is a schematic flow chart of a method for turning a tapered thin-walled rotating body provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] In the figure: a mandrel 1, a centering and limiting groove 11, a mandrel thread 12, a top plate 2, a lock nut 3, a limiting washer 4, a tapered thin-walled rotating body workpiece to be processed 5, a second top plate 6, and a second limiting groove 61. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] This application provides a fixture suitable for turning large-diameter, tapered, thin-walled rotating parts, see Figure 1-5 , Figure 1 It is an assembly view of a conical thin-walled rotating body turning tool provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a conical thin-walled rotating body turning tool provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is an exploded view of a turning tool for a tapered thin-walled rotating body provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the plane assembly of a conical thin-walled rotating body provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded assembly of a conical thin-walled rotating body provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the machining and assembly of a conical thin-walled rotating body provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] The conical thin-walled rotating body turning tool provided in the present application includes a core shaft 1, a top plate 2 and a lock nut 3.

[0026] The core shaft 1 is provided with a centering limit slot 11, and the top plate 2 is assembled on the core shaft 1 through the centering limit slot 11; the core shaft 1 is provided with core shaft threads 12 at both ends, and the lock nut 3 locks the top plate 2 through the core shaft threads 12.

[0027] The top plate 2 and the core shaft 1 can be assembled using a centering and limiting groove 11 with a clearance of ≤0.2 mm.

[0028] Furthermore, the top plate 2 can be provided with a top plate 2 of corresponding shape and size according to the shape and size of the tapered thin-walled rotating body workpiece to be processed. The top plate 2 has a contact surface corresponding to the tapered inclination angle at both ends of the tapered thin-walled rotating body workpiece, which is used to fit with the contact surface of the tapered thin-walled rotating body workpiece to be processed, and can better support the workpiece to avoid uneven force. It can adapt to a variety of workpieces of different specifications, expand the application range of the tooling, and can better fit the workpiece surface, improve processing stability and quality. A certain length of the core shaft thread 12 is provided at both ends of the core shaft, and the length of the core shaft thread 12 is determined based on a comprehensive consideration of the relative position of the top plate and the workpiece and the relative position of the end face to be processed of the tapered thin-walled rotating body workpiece to be processed and the two ends of the core shaft.

[0029] Furthermore, a limiting washer 4 can be arranged on the outside of the top plate, which is also assembled with the gap of the limiting slot 11 of the mandrel, and the top plate 2 is locked by the lock nut 3 and the mandrel thread 12. By adding a limiting washer and locking the top plate by the lock nut and the mandrel thread, the top plate can be prevented from displacement during the processing, ensuring the close fit between the top plate and the workpiece, and further improving the processing accuracy.

[0030] Furthermore, a clamping station is provided at the first end of the mandrel 1 for coupling and mounting with the lathe chuck. The clamping station can facilitate the fast and stable installation of the tooling on the lathe, simplifying the processing preparation time and improving the production efficiency.

[0031] In addition, the clamping station set at the first end of the mandrel 1 can be a three-jaw chuck station coupled with a three-jaw lathe chuck, or can be adjusted to a four-jaw chuck station as needed. The three-jaw chuck station can automatically center and clamp the workpiece, thereby improving the good compatibility of the tooling with common equipment.

[0032] Furthermore, a center hole is provided at the second end of the mandrel 1 to ensure that the center axis of the tapered thin-walled rotating body coincides with the center axis of the machine tool spindle. By providing a center hole, especially in the turning of a large-diameter tapered thin-walled rotating body, the center hole at the center of the second end face of the mandrel is used in conjunction with the center center of the lathe tailstock to ensure that the center position of the mandrel (together with the workpiece to be processed mounted thereon) is accurately fixed. This not only helps to reduce the amount of runout during processing, but also ensures the verticality and flatness of the processed end face and the center axis of the workpiece, thereby improving processing accuracy, quality and efficiency.

[0033] Further, such as Figure 7 As shown, a second top plate 6 is provided in the middle of the mandrel 1, and the second top plate 6 is used to support the middle of the tapered thin-walled rotating body workpiece. A second limit slot 61 can be provided in the middle of the mandrel 1, and the second top plate 6 is assembled on the mandrel 1 through the second limit slot 61.

[0034] The impact of the workpiece's middle runout on the machining surfaces at both ends during machining is further reduced, the stability of the workpiece during machining is further enhanced, and the machining accuracy is improved.

[0035] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a method for turning a tapered thin-walled rotating body based on the above-mentioned tapered thin-walled rotating body turning tool, such as Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the process flow of the conical thin-walled rotating body turning method shown in the figure includes the following steps: S201: The mandrel is passed through the conical thin-walled rotating body workpiece to be processed, and top plates are installed at both ends of the mandrel.

[0036] S202: The workpiece is centered by means of a centering limit groove between the top plate and the mandrel.

[0037] S203: Use a limit washer and a lock nut to fix the top plate on the mandrel, and make the top plate fit tightly with the workpiece to be processed.

[0038] S204: Clamp the first end of the mandrel onto the three-jaw chuck of the lathe, and use the center center of the lathe tailstock to dock with the center hole of the second end of the mandrel, so as to achieve stable clamping and positioning of the workpiece.

[0039] S205: Processing the conical thin-walled rotating body workpiece.

[0040] Furthermore, the shape and size of the top plate can be adjusted before turning to adapt to tapered thin-walled rotating workpieces of different specifications and tapers.

[0041] Furthermore, the circular runout of the tapered thin-walled rotating body workpiece and the verticality and flatness of the end face and the center axis can be monitored during the machining process to ensure machining accuracy.

[0042] The following is an introduction to the steps of the turning method of a tapered thin-walled rotating body in conjunction with a specific embodiment: During processing and assembly, the mandrel is inserted into the workpiece to be processed, and the two ends of the mandrel are installed in the top plate. The top plate is embedded in the workpiece to be processed and centered through the mandrel limit slot. Then the top plate is moved to the center of the mandrel through the gasket and lock nut until it is tightly and effectively fitted with the workpiece to be processed. The first end of the mandrel (assuming it is the left end) is clamped in the jaws of the lathe three-jaw chuck, and the right end is fitted with the center center hole at the center of the mandrel end face through the center top of the lathe tailstock.

[0043] This assembly method, through the centering of the mandrel and the top plate, the effective fitting of the top plate and the workpiece, and the centering of the mandrel, can effectively ensure that the circular runout at both ends of the workpiece to be processed is ≤0.5mm, and the coaxiality between the center axis of the workpiece to be processed and the center axis of the mandrel is ≤0.2mm, thereby ensuring the flatness of the end face of the workpiece to be processed and its perpendicularity to the center axis. At the same time, it can also achieve the synchronous processing of the end faces of both ends of the workpiece to be processed in one clamping, and also ensure the parallelism of the end faces of the workpiece to be processed.

Claims

1. A tool for turning a tapered thin-walled rotating body, characterized in that: It comprises a core shaft (1), a top plate (2) and a lock nut (3); The core shaft (1) is provided with a centering limit slot (11), and the top plate (2) is assembled on the core shaft (1) through the centering limit slot (11); core shaft threads (12) are provided at both ends of the core shaft (1), and the lock nut (3) locks the top plate (2) through the core shaft threads (12).

2. The tooling for turning a tapered thin-walled rotating body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top plate (2) has a contact surface corresponding to the conical inclination angles at both ends of the conical thin-walled rotating body workpiece.

3. The tooling for turning a tapered thin-walled rotating body according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a limiting washer (4); the limiting washer (4) locks the top plate (2) via the lock nut (3) and the core shaft thread (12).

4. The tooling for turning a tapered thin-walled rotating body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first end of the mandrel (1) is provided with a clamping station for coupling and mounting with a lathe chuck.

5. The tooling for turning a tapered thin-walled rotating body according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second end of the core shaft (1) is provided with a center hole for centering, which is used to ensure that the center axis of the tapered thin-walled rotating body workpiece coincides with the center axis of the machine tool spindle.

6. The tooling for turning a tapered thin-walled rotating body according to claim 4, characterized in that: The clamping station is used for coupling installation with the chuck of the three-jaw lathe.

7. The tooling for turning a tapered thin-walled rotating body according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A second top plate (6) is provided in the middle of the core shaft (1), and the second top plate (6) is used to support the middle of the conical thin-walled rotating body workpiece.

8. A method for turning a tapered thin-walled rotating body based on the tapered thin-walled rotating body turning tool according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Pass the mandrel through the conical thin-walled rotating body workpiece to be processed, and install top plates on both ends of the mandrel; The workpiece is centered by means of a centering limit slot between the top plate and the mandrel; The top plate is fixed on the mandrel by using a limit washer and a lock nut, and the top plate is closely fitted to the workpiece to be processed; the first end of the mandrel is clamped on the three-jaw chuck of the lathe, and the center top of the lathe tailstock is connected to the center hole of the second end of the mandrel, so as to achieve stable clamping and positioning of the workpiece; The conical thin-walled rotating body workpiece is processed.

9. The method for turning a tapered thin-walled rotating body according to claim 8, characterized in that: include: The shape and size of the top plate are adjusted before turning to adapt to tapered thin-walled rotating workpieces of different specifications and tapers.

10. The method for turning a tapered thin-walled rotating body according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: During the machining process, the circular runout of the tapered thin-walled rotating body workpiece and the verticality and flatness of the end face and the center axis are monitored to ensure machining accuracy.

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