Ship scale upper limit determination method based on port and navigation facilities

Abstract

A ship scale upper limit determination method based on port and navigation facilities comprises the following steps that (1) six total length numerical values are calculated through berths, in-port water areas, entrances, anchor grounds, navigation channels and safety distances respectively, and the minimum value is taken as a total length upper limit calculation result; (2) respectively calculating three profile width values by using a channel, a wharf front edge parking water area and a clearance width, and taking the minimum value as a profile width upper limit calculation result; (3) respectively obtaining two full-load draft values by utilizing berths and channels, and taking the minimum value as a full-load draft upper limit calculation result; and (4) calculating the maximum ship height upper limit by using the clearance height. The ship scale upper limit can be determined under the condition that the current situation of port and navigation facilities is met. The method is applied to ship design to further reduce the risk that the ship collides with the bridge, and the ship navigation safety is improved. Tool and method support is provided for ship type design, and the design efficiency and scientificity are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the fields of ship transportation technology, port and navigation technology, and ship type design, and in particular to a method for determining an upper limit of a ship size based on port and navigation facilities. Background Art

[0002] Port and navigation facilities include bridges, berths, channels, ports, anchorages, etc. The scale of port and navigation facilities is one of the factors that determine the maximum size of navigable ships, and they will not be rebuilt for a long period of time after they are built.

[0003] The existing ship size determination adopts a method based on transportation demand, that is, according to the cargo capacity, the displacement is calculated, and the overall length, width, and full-load draft are determined by comprehensively considering the ship's stability, maneuverability, and economy. The restrictions on the upper limit of ship size imposed by port and navigation facilities are not fully considered, and there may be a situation where "big ships pass small bridges", increasing the risk of water traffic accidents caused by ships hitting bridges. The existing technology has the problem of not being able to scientifically determine the upper limit of ship size and further reduce the risk of ships hitting bridges. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the upper limit of ship size based on port and navigation facilities, which can solve the problem that the existing technology cannot scientifically determine the upper limit of ship size and cannot further reduce the risk of ship collision with bridges, thereby improving the navigation safety of ships.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for determining the upper limit of ship size based on port and navigation facilities, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Calculation of the upper limit of the total length: Calculate the six total length values ​​of berth, harbor waters, gate, anchorage, channel and safety distance respectively, and take the minimum value as the calculation result of the upper limit of the total length. The calculation formula of the upper limit of the total length is as follows:

[0007]

[0008] Among them, L ′ is the upper limit of the total length; L1 is the total length calculated using the berth; L2 is the total length calculated using the port waters; L3 is the total length calculated using the gate; L4 is the total length calculated using the anchorage; L5 is the total length calculated using the channel; L6 is the total length calculated using the safety distance; L 11 is the berth length; d is the surplus length, which is determined according to the berth type; S 11 S is the scale of the swirling water area; 12 S is the effective width of the door; 13 is the scale of the anchoring waters; c 11 is the length of the anchor position along the water flow direction; a 11 is the width of the anchorage; R is the mooring radius of the single anchoring area; h is the water depth of the anchorage; ΔB11 Add value for the width of the curved channel; R 11 B is the bending radius; 11 S is the designed width of the straight channel; 14 The safe distance between docks, anchorages, bridges and aqueducts;

[0009] (2) Calculation of the upper limit of the moulded width: Calculate the three moulded width values ​​using the waterway, the berthing area in front of the wharf, and the clearance width. Take the minimum value as the upper limit calculation result of the moulded width. The upper limit calculation formula is as follows:

[0010]

[0011] Among them, B ′ is the upper limit of the moulded width; B1 is the moulded width calculated using the channel; B2 is the moulded width calculated using the water area in front of the dock; B3 is the moulded width calculated using the clearance width; L is the design ship length; W is the navigation width of the channel; A is the track width; n is the ship drift multiple; γ is the wind and flow pressure deflection angle; c is the surplus width between the ship and the bottom line of the channel; b is the surplus width between ships; b 21 b is the width of the berthing waters in front of the wharf; 22 S is the extra width for berthing at the front of the pier; 31 is the navigation clearance scale; K is the expansion coefficient; B 31 B is the navigation clearance width for buildings and structures across the waterway; m1 The clear width for single-hole one-way navigation; B m2 ΔB is the clear width for two-way navigation of a single hole; m P is the surplus width between the ship or fleet and the bridge piers on both sides; d P is the deviation distance of the downstream ship or fleet; u is the deviation distance of the upstream ship or fleet; β is the drift angle of the ship or fleet;

[0012] (3) Calculation of the upper limit of full load draft: Use the berth and the channel to obtain two full load draft values ​​respectively, and take the minimum value as the calculation result of the upper limit of full load draft. The calculation formula of the upper limit of full load draft is as follows:

[0013] T ′ =min{T1,T2}=min{(D ′ -Z 31 -Z 32 -Z 33 -Z 34 ),(D″-Z0-Z 31 -Z 32 -Z 33 -Z 34 )}

[0014] Among them, T ′is the upper limit of full load draft; T1 is the full load draft calculated using the berth; T2 is the full load draft calculated using the waterway; D ′ is the designed water depth at the front of the wharf; D″ is the designed water depth of the channel, which is the depth of the dredged bottom relative to the designed navigation water level; Z0 is the amount of hull sinking when the ship is sailing; Z 31 is the minimum surplus depth under the keel; Z 32 Z is the wave excess depth; 33 Z is the stern draft value increased by uneven loading of the ship / the ship loading trim margin depth; 34 To prepare for siltation depth.

[0015] (4) Calculate the maximum ship height: Use the clearance height to calculate the maximum ship height. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0016] H ′ =(H 41 -H 42 )+H 43

[0017] Among them, H ′ H is the maximum ship height limit; 41 H is the clearance height; 42 H is the height of wealth; 43 It is the height below the waterline of the designed ship;

[0018] (5) Calculation of the upper limit of ship size based on the current conditions of port and navigation facilities: The upper limit of ship size based on the current conditions of port and navigation facilities includes the upper limit of total length, upper limit of molded breadth, upper limit of full load draft, and upper limit of maximum ship height. The calculation formula of the upper limit of ship size based on the current conditions of port and navigation facilities is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] Where D′ is the upper limit of ship size based on the current conditions of port and navigation facilities; L ′ is the upper limit of the total length; B ′ The upper limit of the width; T ′ H is the upper limit of full load draft; ′ The maximum ship height limit.

[0021] The swirling water area scale S in step (1) 11 It is related to the water flow. For ports that are greatly affected by the water flow, the length of the turning area along the water flow direction should be appropriately lengthened. The lengthening scale should be determined through ship maneuvering tests. The effective width of the port S 12 Not less than 0.8 to 1.0 times the designed ship length, anchorage waters scale S 13 Affected by the water depth, flow velocity, wind and waves, and tides of the anchorage, the safe distance S between the dock, anchorage, bridge, and aqueduct 14 It is one-fourth of the designed ship length. When the dock or anchorage is downstream, S14 It is half of the designed ship length. The safe distance between the dock and bridges and aqueducts refers to the net distance from the designed ship at the dock to the edge of the bridge and aqueduct; the safe distance between the anchorage and bridges and aqueducts refers to the net distance from the edge of the anchorage to the edge of the bridge and aqueduct; the safe distance between the dock and bridges and aqueducts in river network areas is appropriately reduced; bridges and aqueducts with one span crossing navigable waters are not affected.

[0022] Step (2) Said navigation clearance dimension S 31 It is determined based on the clear width of the channel and the number of channel lines.

[0023] The minimum depth Z under the keel in step (3) 31 Determined based on riverbed geology and seabed conditions.

[0024] Step (4) The surplus height H 42 It should be determined according to the ship driving conditions.

[0025] The upper limits of ship size based on the current conditions of port and shipping facilities include the upper limit of total length, upper limit of breadth, upper limit of full load draft, and upper limit of maximum ship height.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. The present invention can determine the upper limit of ship size while meeting the current conditions of port and navigation facilities; when applied in ship design, it can further reduce the risk of ship collision with bridges and improve the navigation safety of ships.

[0028] 2. Through the analysis method combining theory with practice, a set of easy-to-understand, easy-to-use and widely applicable mathematical models suitable for the fields of ship transportation technology, port and shipping technology, and ship design has been established.

[0029] 3. Limit the upper limit of ship size, provide ship designers with a basis and premise for design, improve design efficiency and scientificity, and further ensure the navigation safety of completed ships. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of the method for determining the upper limit of ship size based on port and navigation facilities.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of each anchor position of a river port anchoring and mooring shown in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a curve of the sinking value of the hull of a seagoing vessel when sailing, shown in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the maximum ship height shown in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. For ease of description, the sizes and positions shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, an example of the method for determining the upper limit of ship size based on port and navigation facilities according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0037] In step S110, six total length values ​​are calculated using the berth, harbor waters, gate, anchorage, channel, and safety distance, and the minimum value is taken as the total length upper limit calculation result;

[0038] In step S120, three width values ​​are calculated using the waterway, the berthing area in front of the wharf, and the clearance width, and the minimum value is taken as the upper limit calculation result of the width;

[0039] In step S130, two full load draft values ​​are obtained using the berth and the channel, and the minimum value is taken as the full load draft upper limit calculation result;

[0040] In step S140, the maximum ship height upper limit is calculated using the clearance height;

[0041] In step S150, the upper limits of the ship size based on the current conditions of the port and shipping facilities include the upper limit of the total length, the upper limit of the breadth, the upper limit of the full load draft, and the upper limit of the maximum ship height.

[0042] In step S110, six total length values ​​are calculated using the berth, harbor waters, gate, anchorage, channel, and safety distance, and the minimum value is taken as the total length upper limit calculation result.

[0043] In this embodiment, the length c of the anchor position along the water flow direction 11 、Anchor width a 11 Depends on the distance between ships.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of each anchor position of the river port anchoring and mooring in this embodiment.

[0045] In this embodiment, the upper limit of the total length is related to the berth, port waters, gate, anchorage, channel, and safety distance. After calculation, the minimum value is taken as the upper limit of the total length. The upper limit calculation formula of the total length is:

[0046]

[0047] Among them, L ′is the upper limit of the total length; L1 is the total length calculated using the berth; L2 is the total length calculated using the port waters; L3 is the total length calculated using the gate; L4 is the total length calculated using the anchorage; L5 is the total length calculated using the channel; L6 is the total length calculated using the safety distance; L 11 is the berth length; d is the surplus length, which is determined according to the berth type; S 11 S is the scale of the swirling water area; 12 S is the effective width of the door; 13 is the scale of the anchoring waters; c 11 is the length of the anchor position along the water flow direction; a 11 is the width of the anchorage; R is the mooring radius of the single anchoring area; h is the water depth of the anchorage; ΔB 11 Add value for the width of the curved channel; R 11 B is the bending radius; 11 S is the designed width of the straight channel; 14 It is the safe distance between docks, anchorages, bridges and aqueducts.

[0048] In step S120, three width values ​​are calculated using the channel, the berthing area in front of the wharf, and the clearance width, and the minimum value is taken as the calculation result of the width upper limit.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] This embodiment is another example of the method for determining the upper limit of ship size based on port and navigation facilities according to the present invention, and comprises the following steps:

[0051] In this embodiment, the upper limit of the molded width is determined according to the conditions of the waterway, the berthing waters in front of the wharf, and the clearance width. After calculation, the minimum value is taken as the upper limit of the molded width. The upper limit calculation formula of the molded width is:

[0052]

[0053] Among them, B ′ is the upper limit of the moulded width; B1 is the moulded width calculated using the channel; B2 is the moulded width calculated using the water area in front of the dock; B3 is the moulded width calculated using the clearance width; L is the design ship length; W is the navigation width of the channel; A is the track width; n is the ship drift multiple; γ is the wind and flow pressure deflection angle; c is the surplus width between the ship and the bottom line of the channel; b is the surplus width between ships; b 21 b is the width of the berthing waters in front of the wharf; 22 S is the extra width for berthing at the front of the pier; 31 is the navigation clearance scale; K is the expansion coefficient; B 31 B is the navigation clearance width for buildings and structures across the waterway; m1 The clear width for single-hole one-way navigation; B m2 ΔB is the clear width for two-way navigation of a single hole;m P is the surplus width between the ship or fleet and the bridge piers on both sides; d P is the deviation distance of the downstream ship or fleet; u is the deviation distance of the upstream ship or fleet; β is the drift angle of the ship or fleet.

[0054] In step S130, two full load draft values ​​are obtained using the berth and the channel respectively, and the minimum value is taken as the calculation result of the full load draft upper limit.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] This embodiment is another example of the method for determining the upper limit of ship size based on port and navigation facilities according to the present invention, and includes the following steps:

[0057] In this embodiment, the hull sinking amount Z0 of the seagoing ship is determined according to the ship speed and the ship tonnage, which constitute the hull sinking value curve of the seagoing ship, such as Figure 3 Shown is a schematic diagram of a curve of the hull sinking value when the sea vessel is sailing in this embodiment.

[0058] In this embodiment, the upper limit of full load draft is related to the berth and the channel. After calculation respectively, the minimum value is taken as the upper limit of full load draft. The upper limit calculation formula of full load draft is:

[0059] T ′ =min{T1,T2}=min{(D ′ -Z 31 -Z 32 -Z 33 -Z 34 ),(D″-Z0-Z 31 -Z 32 -Z 33 -

[0060] Z 34 )}(Formula 3)

[0061] Among them, T ′ is the upper limit of full load draft; T1 is the full load draft calculated using the berth; T2 is the full load draft calculated using the waterway; D ′ is the designed water depth at the front of the wharf; D″ is the designed water depth of the channel, which is the depth of the dredged bottom relative to the designed navigation water level; Z0 is the amount of hull sinking when the ship is sailing; Z 31 is the minimum surplus depth under the keel; Z 32 Z is the wave excess depth; 33 Z is the stern draft value increased by uneven loading of the ship / the ship loading trim margin depth; 34 To prepare for siltation depth.

[0062] In step S140, the maximum ship height upper limit is calculated. The maximum ship height upper limit is calculated using the clearance height.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] This embodiment is another example of the method for determining the upper limit of ship size based on port and navigation facilities according to the present invention, and comprises the following steps:

[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, the maximum ship height is intended in this embodiment.

[0066] In this embodiment, the upper limit of the maximum ship height is determined according to the clearance height, the surplus height and the height below the waterline of the designed ship type. The upper limit of the maximum ship height is calculated by the formula:

[0067] H ′ =(H 41 -H 42 )+H 43 (Formula 4)

[0068] Among them, H ′ H is the maximum ship height limit; 41 H is the clearance height; 42 H is the height of wealth; 43 It is the height below the waterline of the designed ship.

[0069] In step S150, the upper limit of the ship size based on the current conditions of port and navigation facilities is calculated according to the upper limit of the total length, the upper limit of the breadth, the upper limit of the full load draft, and the upper limit of the maximum ship height.

[0070] The upper limits of ship size based on the current conditions of port and shipping facilities include the upper limit of total length, upper limit of breadth, upper limit of full load draft, and upper limit of maximum ship height.

[0071] In this embodiment, the upper limit of the total length, the upper limit of the breadth, the upper limit of the full load draft, and the upper limit of the maximum ship height together constitute the upper limit of the ship size based on the current conditions of the port and navigation facilities. The upper limit calculation formula of the ship size based on the current conditions of the port and navigation facilities is:

[0072]

[0073] Where D′ is the upper limit of ship size based on the current conditions of port and navigation facilities; L ′ is the upper limit of the total length; B ′ The upper limit of the width; T ′ H is the upper limit of full load draft; ′ The maximum ship height limit.

[0074] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the method described in the present invention can be used to calculate the upper limit of the ship size based on the current conditions of port and navigation facilities. Six total length values ​​are calculated using berths, port waters, gates, anchorages, channels, and safety distances, and the minimum value is taken as the calculation result of the total length upper limit. Three width values ​​are calculated using channels, berthing waters in front of docks, and clearance widths, and the minimum value is taken as the calculation result of the width upper limit. Two full load draft values ​​are obtained using berths and channels, and the minimum value is taken as the calculation result of the full load draft upper limit. The maximum ship height upper limit is calculated using the clearance height. The present invention can determine the upper limit of the ship size under the conditions of meeting the current conditions of port and navigation facilities; when applied in ship design, it will further reduce the risk of ship collisions and improve the safety of ship navigation. The present invention provides tools and method support for ship design, improving design efficiency and scientificity.

Claims

1. A method for determining the upper limit of ship size based on port and navigation facilities, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Calculation of the upper limit of the total length: Calculate the six total length values ​​of berth, harbor waters, gate, anchorage, channel and safety distance respectively, and take the minimum value as the calculation result of the upper limit of the total length. The calculation formula of the upper limit of the total length is as follows: Among them, L ′ is the upper limit of the total length; L1 is the total length calculated using the berth; L2 is the total length calculated using the port waters; L3 is the total length calculated using the gate; L4 is the total length calculated using the anchorage; L5 is the total length calculated using the channel; L6 is the total length calculated using the safety distance; L 11 is the berth length; d is the surplus length, which is determined according to the berth type; S 11 S is the scale of the swirling water area; 12 S is the effective width of the door; 13 is the scale of the anchoring waters; c 11 is the length of the anchor position along the water flow direction; a 11 is the width of the anchorage; R is the mooring radius of the single anchoring area; h is the water depth of the anchorage; ΔB 11 Add value for the width of the curved channel; R 11 B is the bending radius; 11 S is the designed width of the straight channel; 14 The safe distance between docks, anchorages, bridges and aqueducts; (2) Calculation of the upper limit of the moulded width: Calculate the three moulded width values ​​using the waterway, the berthing area in front of the wharf, and the clearance width. Take the minimum value as the upper limit calculation result of the moulded width. The upper limit calculation formula is as follows: Among them, B ′ is the upper limit of the moulded width; B1 is the moulded width calculated using the channel; B2 is the moulded width calculated using the water area in front of the dock; B3 is the moulded width calculated using the clearance width; L is the design ship length; W is the navigation width of the channel; A is the track width; n is the ship drift multiple; γ is the wind and flow pressure deflection angle; c is the surplus width between the ship and the bottom line of the channel; b is the surplus width between ships; b 21 b is the width of the berthing waters in front of the wharf; 22 S is the extra width for berthing at the front of the pier; 31 is the navigation clearance scale; K is the expansion coefficient; B 31 B is the navigation clearance width for buildings and structures across the waterway; m1 The clear width for single-hole one-way navigation; B m2 ΔB is the clear width for two-way navigation of a single hole; m P is the surplus width between the ship or fleet and the bridge piers on both sides; d P is the deviation distance of the downstream ship or fleet; u is the deviation distance of the upstream ship or fleet; β is the drift angle of the ship or fleet; (3) Calculation of the upper limit of full load draft: Use the berth and the channel to obtain two full load draft values ​​respectively, and take the minimum value as the calculation result of the upper limit of full load draft. The calculation formula of the upper limit of full load draft is as follows: T ′ =min{T1,T2}=min{(D ′ -WITH 31 -WITH 32 -WITH 33 -WITH 34 ),(D″-Z0-Z 31 -WITH 32 -WITH 33 -WITH 34 )} Among them, T ′ is the upper limit of full load draft; T1 is the full load draft calculated using the berth; T2 is the full load draft calculated using the waterway; D ′ is the designed water depth at the front of the wharf; D″ is the designed water depth of the channel, which is the depth of the dredged bottom relative to the designed navigation water level; Z0 is the amount of hull sinking when the ship is sailing; Z 31 is the minimum surplus depth under the keel; Z 32 Z is the wave excess depth; 33 Z is the stern draft value increased by uneven loading of the ship / the ship loading trim margin depth; 34 To prepare the siltation depth, (4) Calculate the maximum ship height: Use the clearance height to calculate the maximum ship height. The calculation formula is as follows: H ′ =(H 41 -H 42 )+H 43 Among them, H ′ H is the maximum ship height limit; 41 H is the clearance height; 42 H is the height of wealth; 43 It is the height below the waterline of the designed ship; (5) Calculation of the upper limit of ship size based on the current conditions of port and navigation facilities: The upper limit of ship size based on the current conditions of port and navigation facilities includes the upper limit of total length, upper limit of molded breadth, upper limit of full load draft, and upper limit of maximum ship height. The calculation formula of the upper limit of ship size based on the current conditions of port and navigation facilities is as follows: Where D′ is the upper limit of ship size based on the current conditions of port and navigation facilities; L ′ is the upper limit of the total length; B ′ The upper limit of the width; T ′ H is the upper limit of full load draft; ′ The maximum ship height limit.

2. The method for determining the upper limit of ship size based on port and navigation facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swirling water area scale S in step (1) 11 It is related to the water flow. For ports that are greatly affected by the water flow, the length of the turning area along the water flow direction should be appropriately lengthened. The lengthening scale should be determined through ship maneuvering tests. The effective width of the port S 12 Not less than 0.8 to 1.0 times the designed ship length, anchorage waters scale S 13 Affected by the water depth, flow velocity, wind and waves, and tides of the anchorage, the safe distance S between the dock, anchorage, bridge, and aqueduct 14 It is one-fourth of the designed ship length. When the dock or anchorage is downstream, S 14 It is half of the designed ship length. The safe distance between the dock and bridges and aqueducts refers to the net distance from the designed ship at the dock to the edge of the bridge and aqueduct; the safe distance between the anchorage and bridges and aqueducts refers to the net distance from the edge of the anchorage to the edge of the bridge and aqueduct; the safe distance between the dock and bridges and aqueducts in river network areas is appropriately reduced; bridges and aqueducts with one span crossing navigable waters are not affected.

3. The method for determining the upper limit of ship size based on port and navigation facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (2) Said navigation clearance dimension S 31 It is determined based on the clear width of the channel and the number of channel lines.

4. The method for determining the upper limit of ship size based on port and navigation facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: The minimum depth Z under the keel in step (3) 31 Determined based on riverbed geology and seabed conditions.

5. The method for determining the upper limit of ship size based on port and navigation facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (4) The surplus height H 42 It should be determined according to the ship driving conditions.

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