Buckets for wheel bucket excavators for testing the digging resistance

Abstract

The application provides a bucket for testing the digging resistance of a wheel bucket excavator, and solves the problems that the existing wheel bucket excavator cannot directly and accurately measure the resistance in the tangential, lateral and normal directions of the bucket, and cannot test the distribution of the lateral digging resistance in the bucket ear plate, and the technical scheme is that the bucket is connected with a bucket wheel body through three or four groups of hinged parts, each group of hinged parts is matched by two bucket ear plates and a bucket wheel body ear plate, the bucket ear plate and the bucket wheel body ear plate are connected through a bidirectional force measuring pin shaft sensor passing through the shaft holes of the ear plates, pressure ring sensors are arranged between the two bucket ear plates on the two sides of the bucket wheel body ear plate and the opposite two bucket ear plates, the pin shaft sensor passes through the shaft holes of the pressure ring sensors, the pressure ring sensors are fixed on the opposite surfaces of the two bucket ear plates through annular baffles, and the pressure ring sensors are embedded in the annular baffles. The resistance distribution of the hinged part in the bucket can be accurately measured through the setting of the test bucket, and the reliability and test efficiency are high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering machinery technology, and in particular to a bucket for testing the digging resistance of a bucket wheel excavator, used for resistance testing of open-pit mining excavation equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In open-pit continuous mining systems, bucket wheel excavators, as highly efficient mining equipment, are widely used in the mining and stripping processes of open-pit coal mines. During the excavation process, bucket wheel excavators encounter digging resistance from the material, which is a crucial parameter affecting their power requirements, mining capacity, and production efficiency. However, existing methods for testing the digging resistance of bucket wheel excavators have many shortcomings, especially in the accurate measurement of three-dimensional digging resistance: tangential, lateral, and normal resistance. Accurate measurement of these resistances is essential for the design and optimization of the excavator.

[0003] Traditional testing methods typically rely on indirect measurements, such as estimating digging resistance by monitoring the motor power or hydraulic pressure of the bucket wheel drive unit of a bucket excavator. These methods cannot provide accurate three-dimensional digging resistance data. Furthermore, during lateral digging, the bucket deforms under stress, causing uneven stress on the lugs connecting the bucket and the bucket wheel body, further complicating the measurement of lateral digging resistance. In practice, during excavator rotation, the bucket may deform due to uneven stress, resulting in only some lugs bearing lateral force while others are not. Determining which lug bears the lateral force remains an unsolved problem in current technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a bucket for testing the digging resistance of a bucket wheel excavator, which solves the problem that existing bucket wheel excavators have difficulty in directly and accurately measuring the resistance in the tangential, lateral, and normal directions of the bucket, especially the problem that it is impossible to test the distribution of lateral digging resistance in the bucket lugs. By setting up a test bucket, it can accurately measure the resistance distribution of the hinge part in the bucket, with high reliability and testing efficiency.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: The bucket for testing the digging resistance of a bucket excavator includes a bucket with teeth connected to a data acquisition device. The key technical points are: the bucket is connected to the bucket wheel body through three or four sets of hinges. Each set of hinges consists of two bucket ear plates and a bucket wheel body ear plate located in the middle. The bucket ear plates and the bucket wheel body ear plates are connected by bidirectional force-measuring pin sensors passing through the shaft holes of each ear plate. The pin sensors are fixed to the bucket ear plates by end caps at one end. Pressure ring sensors are respectively provided between the two sides of the bucket wheel body ear plates and the two opposite bucket ear plates. The pin sensors pass through the shaft holes of the pressure ring sensors. The pressure ring sensors are fixed to the opposite surfaces of the two bucket ear plates by annular baffles. The pressure ring sensors are embedded in the annular baffles, and the end face of the pressure ring sensors corresponding to the bucket wheel body ear plates protrudes from the annular baffles.

[0006] The annular baffle is provided with a notch for the test cable routing of the pressure ring sensor.

[0007] A gap is left between the bucket lug plate and the bucket wheel body lug plate of each set of hinges.

[0008] The end cap of the pin sensor is D-shaped, and a rectangular baffle is provided on the corresponding bucket ear plate.

[0009] The pin sensor is coated with lubricating grease between itself and the corresponding ear plate shaft hole.

[0010] The pin sensor is connected to the ear plate shaft holes by bearings.

[0011] The test bucket has openings in its wall.

[0012] The outer side of the bucket ear plate is provided with a protective ring corresponding to the end cap of the pin sensor.

[0013] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a test bucket that is connected to the bucket wheel body and transmits loads solely through a bidirectional force-measuring pin sensor and two pressure ring sensors at each hinge. This simple structure and high reliability allow for accurate and direct measurement of the digging resistance of the bucket in the tangential, normal, and lateral directions at each hinge. Furthermore, when the bucket excavator changes its rotation direction during digging, the direction of the lateral digging resistance also changes, and the test bucket of this invention can effectively measure this change in digging resistance. When the bucket lugs and bucket wheel lugs are deformed or lack sufficient machining precision, resulting in only one or a few hinges transmitting lateral digging resistance, the test bucket of this invention can accurately measure the distribution of lateral digging resistance across these hinges. The test bucket is connected to the bucket wheel body via a pin, facilitating on-site installation and testing. Both the pin sensor and the ring pressure sensor can be customized, making it easy to apply to existing bucket excavators. Only minor modifications to the standard bucket on the bucket excavator are required for digging resistance testing. By using bearings to connect the ear plates and pin-shaft sensors, and by creating holes in the bucket wall, the impact of factors such as friction and material gravity on test accuracy can be effectively reduced. By setting up a test bucket, the resistance distribution at the hinge points in the bucket can be accurately measured, especially the distribution of lateral digging resistance in the ear plates of the bucket, resulting in high reliability and testing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the test bucket structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hinge structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the D-shaped end cap of the pin sensor of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of the pressure ring sensor of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the test bucket structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0020] The numbers in the diagram are explained as follows: 1. Bucket teeth, 2. Hinge, 3. Bucket wall, 4. Opening, 5. Bucket ear plate, 6. Bucket wheel body ear plate, 7. Pin sensor, 8. End cap, 9. Pressure ring sensor, 10. Annular baffle, 11. D-shaped end cap, 12. Rectangular baffle, 13. Notch, 14. Test cable, 15. Screw, 16. Protective ring. Detailed Implementation

[0021] according to Figure 1-5The present invention will be described in detail below. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in Embodiment 1, a bucket for testing the digging resistance of a bucket wheel excavator includes a bucket with bucket teeth 1 and bucket wall 3 connected to a data acquisition device. The bucket is connected to the bucket wheel body through three sets of hinges 2, which are the connection points between the bucket and the bucket wheel body. Each set of hinges consists of two bucket ear plates 5 and a bucket wheel body ear plate 6 located in the middle. The bucket ear plates and the bucket wheel body ear plates are connected by bidirectional force-measuring pin sensors 7 passing through the shaft holes of each ear plate. The pin sensors 7 are fixed to the bucket ear plates 5 by an end cap 8. Pressure ring sensors 9 are respectively provided on both sides of the bucket wheel body ear plate 6 and between the two opposite bucket ear plates 5. The pin sensors 7 pass through the shaft holes of the pressure ring sensors. Annular baffles 10 are respectively provided on the opposite surfaces of the two bucket ear plates, and the corresponding pressure ring sensors 9 are embedded in the annular baffles 10. The end face of the pressure ring sensors 9 protrudes from the annular baffles 10 relative to the bucket wheel body ear plates.

[0022] The test bucket and bucket wheel body are connected at each hinge point in the following manner:

[0023] Each set of hinges 2 has two bucket lugs 5 on the bucket and one bucket wheel lug 6 on the bucket wheel body, with the lug on the bucket wheel body located between the two bucket lugs. The three lugs are connected by pin sensors 7 passing through the shaft holes of each lug.

[0024] The pin sensor 7 is a bidirectional force sensor that can measure the digging resistance in two orthogonal directions along the normal to the pin. The pin sensor has markings indicating the test directions. During installation, the two orthogonal directions measured by the pin sensor are set along the tangential direction of the hinge on the bucket wheel body and the normal direction pointing towards the bucket wheel shaft, in order to measure the tangential and normal digging resistance experienced by the test bucket during digging. A commercially available sensor can be used, such as the Jiangsu Donghua D100LC40.

[0025] The pin sensor 7 has an end cap 8 on one end and no end cap on the other end. The end cap 8 has a screw hole. The pin sensor is fixed to the bucket ear plate 5 by screws 15, so that the position of the pin sensor relative to the bucket remains unchanged during the test.

[0026] Two annular pressure sensors are installed on both sides of the ear plate 6 of the bucket wheel body. The axial movement of the pressure ring sensor in the pin shaft is limited by the ear plates on the bucket wheel body and the bucket. The lateral digging resistance can be measured when the bearing surface of the pressure ring sensor is subjected to pressure load from the ear plates of the bucket and the bucket wheel body. Annular baffles are fixed on the side of the two ear plates of the bucket opposite the ear plates of the bucket wheel body. The pressure ring sensor is placed inside the annular baffle, and the pin shaft sensor passes through the inner hole of the pressure ring sensor. The pressure ring sensor 9 is embedded in the annular baffle 10. The outer diameter of the pressure ring sensor is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the annular baffle, the inner hole of the pressure ring sensor is larger than the diameter of the pin shaft sensor, and the thickness of the annular baffle is smaller than the thickness of the pressure ring sensor. This ensures that during the test, only two bearing surfaces of the pressure ring sensor are in contact with the ear plates of the bucket wheel body and the bucket, respectively. The inner ring of the pressure ring sensor is not in contact with the pin shaft sensor, and the normal expansion of the pressure ring sensor caused by the axial pressure on the pin shaft is not restricted, thereby ensuring the test accuracy of the pressure ring sensor. The pressure ring sensor uses a commercially available sensor, such as the NC200 model from Shanghai Naicheng.

[0027] At each hinge, the test bucket and bucket wheel body are in contact only through the pin sensor and pressure ring sensor to transfer the load; at other locations, there is no contact or load transfer between the two.

[0028] The data acquisition unit can be a commercially available rugged data acquisition unit, model DH5902N, which includes a data acquisition unit, a data storage and processing unit, and test cables. The test cables 14 of each sensor are connected to specific channels of the data acquisition unit. The position of the test sensor on the test bucket and the test data can be matched by the specific name or number of each channel.

[0029] As a further improvement, such as Figure 4 As shown, a notch 13 is provided on the annular baffle, which is used for the routing of the test cable 14 of the pressure ring sensor.

[0030] As a further improvement, when the test bucket is not yet digging, a certain gap is left between the pressure ring sensor's bearing surface and the bucket lugs and bucket wheel body lugs to facilitate the installation of the test bucket onto the bucket wheel body. When the bucket is digging, one side lug of the bucket is pressed against the bucket wheel body lug, and the pressure ring sensor, which is subjected to this compression, can measure the lateral digging resistance.

[0031] As a further improvement, such as Figure 3 As shown, the end cap of the pin sensor can be a D-shaped end cap 11, and a rectangular baffle 12 is provided on the bucket ear plate connected to it. By fitting the straight side of the D-shaped end cap of the pin sensor with the rectangular baffle side of the bucket ear plate, the pin sensor can be easily positioned and the tangential and normal digging resistance of the bucket can be accurately tested.

[0032] As a further improvement, lubricating grease is applied between the pin sensor and the shaft holes of each lug to reduce the impact of friction on the test results.

[0033] As a further improvement, the pin-shaft sensor is connected to the shaft holes of each ear plate by bearings in order to minimize the impact of friction on the test results.

[0034] As a further improvement, the test bucket has openings 4 in its wall so that the material excavated into the bucket can be discharged through the bucket during the rotation of the bucket wheel, instead of remaining in the bucket, thus preventing the influence of the material's gravity on the excavation resistance.

[0035] As a further improvement, a protective ring 16 is provided on the bucket ear plate connected to the end cap of the pin sensor. The protective ring can cover the end cap 8 of the pin sensor to protect the end cap of the pin sensor from the impact of the material.

[0036] Example 2, as Figure 5 As shown, the bucket used for testing the digging resistance of the bucket wheel excavator has four sets of hinges 2, which are respectively set at the four corners of the bucket. The bucket and the bucket wheel are connected through the four sets of hinges. Other structural parts are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0037] In summary, the objective of this invention has been achieved.

Claims

1. A bucket for testing the digging resistance of a bucket wheel excavator, comprising a bucket with teeth connected to a data acquisition unit, characterized in that: The bucket is connected to the bucket wheel body through three or four sets of hinges. Each set of hinges consists of two bucket ear plates and a bucket wheel body ear plate located in the middle. The bucket ear plates and the bucket wheel body ear plates are connected by bidirectional force-measuring pin sensors passing through the shaft holes of each ear plate. The pin sensors are fixed to the bucket ear plates by end caps at one end. Pressure ring sensors are respectively installed between the two sides of the bucket wheel body ear plates and the two opposite bucket ear plates. The pin sensors pass through the shaft holes of the pressure ring sensors. The pressure ring sensors are fixed to the opposite surfaces of the two bucket ear plates by annular baffles. The pressure ring sensors are embedded in the annular baffles, and the end faces of the pressure ring sensors corresponding to the bucket wheel body ear plates protrude from the annular baffles.

2. The bucket for testing the digging resistance of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular baffle is provided with a notch for the test cable routing of the pressure ring sensor.

3. The bucket for testing the digging resistance of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gap is left between the bucket lug plate and the bucket wheel body lug plate of each set of hinges.

4. The bucket for testing the digging resistance of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end cap of the pin sensor is D-shaped, and a rectangular baffle is provided on the corresponding bucket ear plate.

5. The bucket for testing the digging resistance of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pin sensor is coated with lubricating grease between itself and the corresponding ear plate shaft hole.

6. The bucket for testing the digging resistance of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pin sensor is connected to the ear plate shaft holes by bearings.

7. The bucket for testing the digging resistance of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test bucket has openings in its wall.

8. The bucket for testing the digging resistance of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the bucket ear plate is provided with a protective ring corresponding to the end cap of the pin sensor.

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