Hybrid energy power generation system based on miniature reactor and coupled with solar energy and stored energy

Abstract

A hybrid energy power generation system based on a miniature reactor and coupled with solar energy and stored energy comprises an energy storage subsystem with helium and xenon mixed gas as a working medium, a miniature nuclear reactor subsystem, a solar photo-thermal subsystem and a Brayton cycle power generation system, wherein the miniature nuclear reactor subsystem, the solar photo-thermal subsystem and the Brayton cycle power generation system are connected in parallel. Wherein the output end of the Brayton cycle power generation system is respectively connected with the input ends of the energy storage subsystem, the miniature nuclear reactor subsystem and the solar photo-thermal subsystem, and the output ends of the energy storage subsystem, the miniature nuclear reactor subsystem and the solar photo-thermal subsystem are respectively connected with the input end of the Brayton cycle power generation system; the solar photo-thermal subsystem heats a working medium through solar energy, the miniature nuclear reactor subsystem heats the working medium through fission energy, and the heated working medium enters the Brayton cycle power generation system to convert heat energy into electric energy or is input into the energy storage subsystem to be stored. The miniature nuclear reactor subsystem, the energy storage subsystem and the solar photo-thermal subsystem are tightly coupled on a heat energy layer and are connected with the Brayton cycle power generation system, so that the safe, reliable, low-carbon and burdenable hybrid energy system is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a technology in the field of new energy power generation, specifically a hybrid energy power generation system based on a micro reactor and coupled with solar energy and energy storage. Background Art

[0002] Combining nuclear energy, solar energy and energy storage, and using the helium-xenon Brayton cycle to generate electricity, can give full play to the baseload energy advantages of nuclear power, make up for the fluctuations caused by the intermittent and unstable nature of solar energy, build a safe, reliable, low-carbon and affordable energy system, meet the rapid growth of my country's energy demand and help the green and low-carbon transformation of electricity. The disadvantages of existing hybrid power generation technology are: traditional hybrid power generation technology usually uses diesel generators as input energy, which is not suitable for long-term no-load operation. At the same time, the working time is limited by diesel reserves. In remote areas or when natural disasters cause traffic jams, diesel supplies will not be delivered in time, affecting its power generation reliability. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems that the prior art does not incorporate renewable energy solar energy, does not achieve convenient heat exchange between reactors and energy storage, and the efficiency of the Brayton cycle of the energy conversion system cannot be guaranteed, the present invention proposes a hybrid energy power generation system based on a micro reactor and coupled with solar energy and energy storage. The micro nuclear reactor subsystem, energy storage subsystem, and solar thermal subsystem are tightly coupled at the thermal energy level and connected to the Brayton cycle power generation system to form a safe, reliable, low-carbon and affordable hybrid energy system.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention relates to a hybrid energy power generation system based on a micro reactor and coupled with solar energy and energy storage, comprising: an energy storage subsystem using a helium-xenon mixed gas as a working fluid, and a micro nuclear reactor subsystem, a solar thermal subsystem and a Brayton cycle power generation system connected in parallel, wherein: the output end of the Brayton cycle power generation system is respectively connected to the input ends of the energy storage subsystem, the micro nuclear reactor subsystem and the solar thermal subsystem, and the output ends of the energy storage subsystem, the micro nuclear reactor subsystem and the solar thermal subsystem are respectively connected to the input end of the Brayton cycle power generation system; the solar thermal subsystem heats the working fluid through solar energy, the micro nuclear reactor subsystem heats the working fluid through fission energy, and the heated working fluid enters the Brayton cycle power generation system to convert thermal energy into electrical energy or is input into the energy storage subsystem for storage.

[0006] The solar thermal subsystem includes: a solar concentrating device and a solar receiver, wherein: the input end of the solar receiver is connected to the cold side output end of the energy storage subsystem and the Brayton cycle power generation system, and the output end of the solar receiver is connected to the input end of the energy storage subsystem and the Brayton cycle power generation system.

[0007] The solar concentrator focuses sunlight onto the solar receiver, and a low-temperature helium-xenon mixed gas flows in from the input end of the solar receiver and flows out after being heated. The solar concentrator is arranged near the solar receiver.

[0008] The input end of the micro-nuclear reactor subsystem is connected to the cold side output end valve of the energy storage tank and the cold side output end of the regenerator, and the output end is connected to the hot side input end valve of the energy storage tank and the input end of the turbine. The micro-nuclear reactor subsystem serves as a base load energy source, provides a buffer for load changes, compensates for the intermittent and unstable nature of solar energy, avoids continuous adjustment of the thermal power of the nuclear reactor, and improves the utilization rate of solar energy.

[0009] The energy storage subsystem includes: an energy storage tank and valves respectively arranged at the hot side input end, the hot side output end, the cold side output end and the cold side input end, wherein: the hot side input end of the energy storage tank is connected to the output end of the solar receiver and the output end of the nuclear reactor through the valve, the hot side output end is connected to the input end of the Brayton cycle power generation system through the valve, the cold side output end of the energy storage tank is connected to the input end of the solar thermal subsystem and the input end of the micro nuclear reactor subsystem through the valve, and the cold side input end of the energy storage tank is connected to the cold side output end of the Brayton cycle power generation system through the valve, and the amount of heat absorbed and released by the energy storage subsystem is controlled by adjusting the opening of the four valves.

[0010] The energy storage tank is a single tank structure with fillers and uses a helium-xenon mixed gas as a heat storage material, with a cold fluid at the bottom and a hot fluid at the top, with a thermocline in the middle to achieve cold and hot separation.

[0011] The helium-xenon Brayton cycle power generation system includes: a turbine, a regenerator, a compressor, a generator and a precooler, wherein: the turbine, the compressor and the generator are coaxially arranged and have the same rotation speed, the input end of the turbine is respectively connected to the output end of the solar receiver, the output end of the nuclear reactor, and the valve of the hot side output end of the energy storage tank, the output end of the turbine is connected to the hot side input end of the regenerator, the hot side output end of the regenerator is connected to the input end of the precooler, the output end of the precooler is connected to the input end of the compressor, air circulates on the cold side of the precooler, the output end of the compressor is connected to the cold side input end of the regenerator, and the cold side output end of the regenerator is respectively connected to the valves of the input end of the solar receiver, the input end of the nuclear reactor, and the cold side input end of the energy storage tank.

[0012] The heat exchanger is a printed circuit board heat exchanger (PCHE) with a cold fluid flow channel and a hot fluid flow channel built in, each with an inlet and an outlet. Technical Effects

[0013] The present invention connects the energy storage subsystem, the micro-nuclear reactor subsystem, and the solar thermal subsystem in parallel, and the structure is more simplified. All subsystems use the same working fluid, and the helium-xenon mixed gas has good chemical stability, high heat exchange performance, and good compressibility, and can directly enter the core for heat exchange. Compared with the prior art, the present invention reduces the number of intermediate heat exchangers required for using different working fluids, resulting in fewer equipment and lower overall costs; on the other hand, it avoids the solidification problem caused by molten salt energy storage technology from the root, greatly reduces the complexity of the system, and reduces the floor space and mass. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0015] In the figure: 1-1 is a solar concentrator, 1-2 is a solar receiver, 2-1 is a nuclear reactor, 3-1 is an energy storage tank, 3-2 is a valve at the hot side input end of the energy storage tank, 3-3 is a valve at the hot side output end of the energy storage tank, 3-4 is a valve at the cold side output end of the energy storage tank, 3-5 is a valve at the cold side input end of the energy storage tank, 4-1 is a turbine, 4-2 is a regenerator, 4-3 is a compressor, 4-4 is a generator, and 4-5 is a precooler;

[0016] Figure 2 To implement the environmental conditions graph;

[0017] Figure 3(a)-(c) are schematic diagrams of the implementation effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment relates to a hybrid energy power generation system based on a micro reactor and coupled with solar energy and energy storage, including: a solar thermal subsystem 1, a micro nuclear reactor subsystem 2, an energy storage subsystem 3 and a helium-xenon Brayton cycle power generation system 4.

[0019] The solar thermal subsystem 1 includes: a solar concentrating device 1-1 and a solar receiver 1-2, wherein: the input end of the solar receiver 1-2 is connected to the cold side output end valve 3-4 of the energy storage tank and the cold side output end of the heat exchanger 4-2, and the output end of the solar receiver 1-2 is connected to the hot side input end valve 3-2 of the energy storage tank and the input end of the turbine 4-1.

[0020] The micro nuclear reactor subsystem 2 includes: a nuclear reactor 2-1, the input end of the nuclear reactor 2-1 is connected to the cold side output end valve 3-4 of the energy storage tank and the cold side output end of the regenerator 4-2, and the output end of the nuclear reactor 2-1 is connected to the hot side input end valve 3-2 of the energy storage tank and the input end of the turbine 4-1.

[0021] The helium-xenon Brayton cycle power generation system 4 comprises: a turbine 4-1, a regenerator 4-2, a compressor 4-3, a generator 4-4, and a precooler 4-5, wherein: the input end of the turbine 4-1 has three fluids, which come from the output end of the solar receiver 1-2, the output end of the nuclear reactor 2-1, and the valve 3-3 of the hot side output end of the energy storage tank, and enter the turbine 4-1 after fusion. The output end of the turbine 4-1 is connected to the hot side input end of the regenerator 4-2, the hot side output end of the regenerator 4-2 is connected to the input end of the precooler 4-5, the output end of the precooler 4-5 is connected to the input end of the compressor 4-3, the output end of the compressor 4-3 is connected to the cold side input end of the regenerator 4-2, and the cold side output end of the regenerator 4-2 is divided into three paths, which are respectively connected to the input end of the solar receiver 1-2, the input end of the nuclear reactor 2-1, and the valve 3-5 of the cold side input end of the energy storage tank.

[0022] The energy storage subsystem 3 includes: an energy storage tank 3-1, a valve 3-2 at the hot side input end of the energy storage tank, a valve 3-3 at the hot side output end of the energy storage tank, a valve 3-4 at the cold side output end of the energy storage tank, and a valve 3-5 at the cold side input end of the energy storage tank, wherein: the hot side of the energy storage tank 3-1 is simultaneously connected to the valve 3-2 at the hot side input end of the energy storage tank and the valve 3-3 at the hot side output end of the energy storage tank, and the cold side of the energy storage tank 3-1 is simultaneously connected to the valve 3-4 at the cold side output end of the energy storage tank and the valve 3-5 at the cold side input end of the energy storage tank. The valve 3-2 at the hot side input end of the energy storage tank is respectively connected to the output end of the solar receiver 1-2 and the output end of the nuclear reactor 2-1, and the valve 3-3 at the hot side output end of the energy storage tank is connected to the input end of the turbine 4-1. The cold side output end valve 3-4 of the energy storage tank is respectively connected to the input end of the solar receiver 1-2 and the input end of the nuclear reactor 2-1, and the cold side input end valve 3-5 of the energy storage tank is connected to the cold side output end of the regenerator 4-2. By adjusting the switching states of the hot side input end valve 3-2 of the energy storage tank, the hot side output end valve 3-3 of the energy storage tank, the cold side output end valve 3-4 of the energy storage tank, and the cold side input end valve 3-5 of the energy storage tank, two different working modes of coupling of each subsystem are realized.

[0023] The two different working modes of the subsystems coupled to each other specifically include:

[0024] 1) Open the valve 3-2 on the hot side input end of the energy storage tank and the valve 3-4 on the cold side output end of the energy storage tank, and close the valve 3-3 on the hot side output end of the energy storage tank and the valve 3-5 on the cold side input end of the energy storage tank. At this time, the system is working in the demand valley period, and the heat energy generated by the solar thermal subsystem 1 and the micro nuclear reactor subsystem 2 is higher than the demand value. The excess heat needs to be stored in the energy storage subsystem 3, and the rest enters the helium-xenon Brayton cycle power generation system 4 to generate electricity. At this time, the energy storage subsystem 3 plays the energy storage function, and is connected in parallel with the helium-xenon Brayton cycle power generation system 4 to jointly receive the heat energy generated by the solar thermal subsystem 1 and the micro nuclear reactor subsystem 2.

[0025] 2) Open the valve 3-3 at the hot side output end of the energy storage tank and the valve 3-5 at the cold side input end of the energy storage tank, and close the valve 3-2 at the hot side input end of the energy storage tank and the valve 3-4 at the cold side output end of the energy storage tank. At this time, the system is working at the peak demand period, and the heat energy generated by the solar thermal subsystem 1 and the micro nuclear reactor subsystem 2 is lower than the demand value, and the energy storage subsystem 3 needs to be used to release energy to make up the difference. At this time, the energy storage subsystem 3 plays an energy release function, and is connected in parallel with the solar thermal subsystem 1 and the micro nuclear reactor subsystem to jointly provide heat energy for the helium-xenon Brayton cycle power generation system 4.

[0026] The specific working process of this device is as follows: after the helium-xenon mixed gas is heated on the cold side of the regenerator 4-2, it is divided into three paths. The first path is heated by the solar receiver 1-2, the second path is heated by the nuclear reactor 2-1, and the third path enters the energy storage tank 3-1 through the valve 3-5 at the cold side input end of the energy storage tank. After the first and second paths of working fluid are heated, part of them enter the valve 3-2 at the hot side input end of the energy storage tank, and the rest all come to the input end of the turbine 4-1, merge with the hot fluid from the valve 3-3 at the hot side output end of the energy storage tank, and enter the turbine 4-1, expand and do work, and generate electricity. The working fluid has a lower temperature and pressure in the turbine 4-1, and after flowing out, it enters the hot side channel of the regenerator 4-2 for heat exchange, and the temperature continues to decrease. Subsequently, the working fluid flows in from the hot side input end of the precooler 4-5, and performs energy conversion with the cooling fluid flowing on the cold side of the precooler 4-5. After the working fluid temperature drops, it flows out from the hot side output end of the precooler 4-5, enters the compressor 4-3 to be compressed, and the temperature and pressure are increased at the same time. Finally, it flows out from the compressor 4-3 and enters the cold side channel of the regenerator 4-2 to be heated.

[0027] After specific numerical calculations, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, it is the curve of the change of power demand and solar irradiance in 12 days and 288 hours. The horizontal axis is time, in hours. The blue vertical axis on the left is the power demand, in megawatts of electric power. The red vertical axis on the right is the solar irradiance, in watts per square meter. In the figure, the blue curve is the change of power demand, and the red curve is the change of solar irradiance; the heat generated by the solar thermal subsystem is fully utilized by the system of the present invention, as shown in FIG. Figure 3a As shown in the figure, the horizontal axis is time, in hours. The vertical axis is thermal power, in megawatts of thermal power. The blue curve in the figure represents the total thermal power required to meet the electricity demand, the orange curve represents the thermal power actually generated by the solar thermal subsystem, the yellow dotted line parallel to the horizontal axis represents the maximum thermal power that the solar thermal subsystem can generate, and the light green dotted line represents the thermal power planned to be generated by the micro nuclear reactor subsystem.

[0028] like Figure 3bAs shown in the figure, the micro-nuclear reactor subsystem is running at full power at the same time. The horizontal axis in the figure is time, in hours. The vertical axis is thermal power, in megawatts of thermal power. The light green dotted line in the figure represents the thermal power planned to be generated by the micro-nuclear reactor subsystem, and the dark green solid line represents the thermal power actually generated by the micro-nuclear reactor subsystem.

[0029] like Figure 3c As shown in the figure, the load fluctuation of the energy storage subsystem is utilized. The horizontal axis in the figure is time, in hours. The vertical axis is the capacity of the energy storage subsystem, that is, the proportion of thermal fluid, in percent. The brown curve in the figure represents the change of the capacity of the energy storage subsystem over time.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention improves the utilization rate of solar energy: the system fully utilizes the heat generated by the solar thermal subsystem, and there is no phenomenon of abandoned light. Secondly, it is highly safe and easy to operate: the system does not need to frequently adjust the reactor power, avoiding the dangers caused by human errors and frequent introduction of reactivity. At the same time, there is no need to drastically open and close valves to adjust the system configuration, and the operation is simple. Third, it improves economy: on the one hand, because the micro-nuclear reactor subsystem always outputs heat at rated power, the reactor capacity factor is high. On the other hand, the energy storage subsystem adopts a lower-cost single-tank structure, and the helium-xenon Brayton cycle power generation system adopts a simple cycle with less equipment.

[0031] In summary, this system uses the micro-nuclear reactor subsystem as a stable base load energy source, which can compensate for the intermittent and unstable nature of solar energy and maintain the satisfaction of load changes. The energy storage subsystem provides a buffer for load changes, avoiding the continuous adjustment of the thermal power of the nuclear reactor, while improving the utilization rate of solar energy. By adjusting the different working modes of the system, load following and peak regulation functions can be achieved, while taking into account higher solar energy utilization, smaller energy storage tank volume, and less nuclear reactor power regulation.

[0032] The above-mentioned specific implementation can be partially adjusted in different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle and purpose of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the claims and shall not be limited by the above-mentioned specific implementation. Each implementation scheme within its scope shall be subject to the constraints of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hybrid energy generation system based on a micro reactor and coupled with solar energy and energy storage, characterized in that: include: An energy storage subsystem, a micro-nuclear reactor subsystem, a solar thermal subsystem and a Brayton cycle power generation system are all connected in parallel, and the output end of the Brayton cycle power generation system is respectively connected to the input end of the energy storage subsystem, the micro-nuclear reactor subsystem and the solar thermal subsystem, and the output end of the energy storage subsystem, the micro-nuclear reactor subsystem and the solar thermal subsystem are respectively connected to the input end of the Brayton cycle power generation system; the solar thermal subsystem heats the working fluid through solar energy, and the micro-nuclear reactor subsystem heats the working fluid through fission energy, and the heated working fluid enters the Brayton cycle power generation system to convert thermal energy into electrical energy or enter the energy storage subsystem for storage.

2. The hybrid energy generation system based on a micro reactor and coupled with solar energy and energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The solar thermal subsystem includes: a solar concentrating device and a solar receiver, wherein: the input end of the solar receiver is connected to the cold side output end of the energy storage subsystem and the Brayton cycle power generation system, and the output end of the solar receiver is connected to the input end of the energy storage subsystem and the Brayton cycle power generation system.

3. The hybrid energy generation system based on a micro reactor and coupled with solar energy and energy storage according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The solar concentrator focuses sunlight onto a solar receiver, and a low-temperature helium-xenon mixed gas flows in from an input end of the solar receiver and flows out after being heated. The solar concentrator is arranged near the solar receiver.

4. The hybrid energy generation system based on a micro reactor and coupled with solar energy and energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The input end of the micro-nuclear reactor subsystem is connected to the cold side output end valve of the energy storage tank and the cold side output end of the regenerator, and the output end is connected to the hot side input end valve of the energy storage tank and the input end of the turbine. The micro-nuclear reactor subsystem serves as a base load energy source, provides a buffer for load changes, compensates for the intermittent and unstable nature of solar energy, avoids continuous adjustment of the thermal power of the nuclear reactor, and improves the utilization rate of solar energy.

5. The hybrid energy generation system based on a micro reactor and coupled with solar energy and energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy storage subsystem includes: an energy storage tank and valves respectively arranged at the hot side input end, the hot side output end, the cold side output end and the cold side input end, wherein: the hot side input end of the energy storage tank is connected to the output end of the solar receiver and the output end of the nuclear reactor through the valve, the hot side output end is connected to the input end of the Brayton cycle power generation system through the valve, the cold side output end of the energy storage tank is connected to the input end of the solar thermal subsystem and the input end of the micro nuclear reactor subsystem through the valve, and the cold side input end of the energy storage tank is connected to the cold side output end of the Brayton cycle power generation system through the valve, and the amount of heat absorbed and released by the energy storage subsystem is controlled by adjusting the opening of the four valves.

6. The hybrid energy generation system based on a micro reactor and coupled with solar energy and energy storage according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The energy storage tank is a single tank structure with fillers and uses a helium-xenon mixed gas as a heat storage material, with a cold fluid at the bottom and a hot fluid at the top, with a thermocline in the middle to achieve cold and hot separation.

7. The hybrid energy generation system based on a micro reactor and coupled with solar energy and energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The helium-xenon Brayton cycle power generation system includes: a turbine, a regenerator, a compressor, a generator and a precooler, wherein: the turbine, the compressor and the generator are coaxially arranged and have the same rotation speed, the input end of the turbine is respectively connected to the output end of the solar receiver, the output end of the nuclear reactor, and the valve of the hot side output end of the energy storage tank, the output end of the turbine is connected to the hot side input end of the regenerator, the hot side output end of the regenerator is connected to the input end of the precooler, the output end of the precooler is connected to the input end of the compressor, air circulates on the cold side of the precooler, the output end of the compressor is connected to the cold side input end of the regenerator, and the cold side output end of the regenerator is respectively connected to the valves of the input end of the solar receiver, the input end of the nuclear reactor, and the cold side input end of the energy storage tank.

8. The hybrid energy generation system based on a micro reactor and coupled with solar energy and energy storage according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The heat exchanger is a printed circuit board heat exchanger (PCHE) with a cold fluid flow channel and a hot fluid flow channel built in, each with an inlet and an outlet.

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