Automatic water sampling system and method for surface water in alpine region

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environment monitoring, solves the problems that in the prior art, due to the fact that the water surface of a river in an alpine region is frozen, samples are discontinuous, and the change trend of river water quality cannot be reflected, and particularly discloses an automatic water sampling system and method for surface water in the alpine region. Comprising a horizontal moving device and a lifting sampling device arranged on the horizontal moving device, the lifting sampling device comprises a lifting mechanism and a sampling mechanism connected to the bottom of the lifting mechanism; the lifting mechanism comprises a first-stage lifting frame and a buoyancy adjusting assembly. A second-stage lifting frame is arranged on the first-stage lifting frame, and the buoyancy adjusting assembly is connected to the second-stage lifting frame; the sampling mechanism is connected to the buoyancy adjusting assembly; the sampling mechanism comprises an icebreaking mechanism and a sampling execution part; the icebreaking mechanism comprises an outer lining sleeve and an icebreaking piece, and a water depth pressure sensor is arranged on the sampling execution piece. The device is used for collecting and monitoring a water sample under an ice layer in a high and cold environment, and has the characteristics that sampling point adjustment, ice breaking and underwater collection can be carried out in freezing weather.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and in particular to an automatic surface water sampling system and method in a high-cold region. Background Art

[0002] In order to scientifically and comprehensively reflect the status of surface water environmental quality and the guarantee of water body functions of important rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and to build a unified water ecological environment monitoring system, automatic water quality monitoring stations have been set up in rivers at all levels. In the winter, the source of rivers in high-altitude cold areas or northern regions is frozen on the surface of the river for most of the year. Under the influence of low temperature, water samples freeze quickly, making sampling difficult. The technical requirements for ice sampling are also very high. It is necessary to accurately judge whether the location of the ice-breaking point and the water depth at the point meet the requirements. In addition, the alternation of winter and summer seasons, the freezing of the water surface, the melting of the ice layer and the flow of the riverbed will also cause a large change in the water depth, so that the sampling points need to be adjusted and replaced more frequently to obtain points that meet the requirements, and the technical details are difficult to control. In addition, in low temperature and freezing weather, sampling personnel face the problem of harsh working environment and difficulty in operating equipment. The constraints of the above multiple factors make it difficult to obtain representative water samples or impossible to obtain water samples during the ice period of the river, and it is impossible to monitor the changes in river water quality in real time and completely. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problem in the prior art that the surface of rivers in high-altitude and cold regions freezes, resulting in discontinuous samples and an inability to reflect the changing trend of river water quality, the present invention provides an automatic surface water sampling system and method for high-altitude and cold regions.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] An automatic surface water sampling system for high-cold areas comprises a horizontal moving device and a lifting sampling device arranged on the horizontal moving device; the lifting sampling device comprises a lifting mechanism and a sampling mechanism connected to the bottom of the lifting mechanism.

[0006] The lifting mechanism comprises a primary lifting frame and a buoyancy regulating assembly; a secondary lifting frame is arranged on the primary lifting frame, and the buoyancy regulating assembly is connected to the secondary lifting frame.

[0007] The sampling mechanism is connected to a buoyancy regulating component, and the buoyancy regulating component is used to adjust the buoyancy by adjusting the internal air pressure to achieve underwater lifting and lowering movement.

[0008] Among them, the sampling mechanism includes an ice-breaking mechanism and a sampling actuator; the ice-breaking mechanism includes an outer lining sleeve and an ice-breaking element connected to the bottom of the outer lining sleeve, the sampling actuator is arranged inside the outer lining sleeve, a water depth pressure sensor is arranged on the sampling actuator, and the sampling actuator is externally connected to a sampling water pipe.

[0009] Wherein, the diameter of the ice-breaking element is larger than the diameter of the outer lining sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, a heating layer is provided on the outer lining sleeve, and a heating coil evenly distributed in a spiral shape is provided inside the heating layer.

[0011] Wherein, the heating layer comprises an inner heating layer and an outer heating layer, and the inner heating layer and the outer heating layer are respectively arranged on the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer lining sleeve.

[0012] The heating coil includes a first coil segment arranged in the inner heating layer and a second coil segment arranged in the outer heating layer. The first coil segment and the second coil segment are respectively connected to external heating power supplies. The first coil segment is used for heating and melting the ice layer, and the second coil segment is used for internal heat preservation to prevent freezing.

[0013] A heat-insulating layer is connected between the heating layer and the outer lining sleeve.

[0014] The sampling water pipe is provided with a pipeline heating component.

[0015] Furthermore, the horizontal moving device includes a trestle frame and a horizontal guide rail arranged on the trestle frame.

[0016] Wherein, the trestle frame is used to be installed on the shore and erected above the water surface.

[0017] Among them, a horizontal movable vehicle is arranged on the horizontal guide rail, and the sampling water pipe includes a flexible pipe section and a rigid pipe section which are interconnected, the flexible pipe section is connected between the horizontal movable vehicle and the automatic monitoring station, and the rigid pipe section is telescopically connected between the horizontal movable vehicle and the sampling actuator, and a lifting drive mechanism is arranged on the horizontal movable vehicle, and the lifting drive device is connected to a first-level lifting frame, and the lifting drive device is used to drive the first-level lifting frame to move in a vertical direction.

[0018] Furthermore, an ice layer supporting mechanism is connected to a first-stage lifting frame of the lifting mechanism, and the ice layer supporting mechanism includes a supporting frame and a plurality of adjusting legs arranged on the supporting frame, and the adjusting legs are hinged to the supporting frame.

[0019] Among them, the adjustment foot is a retractable structure, the end of the adjustment foot is provided with a pointed cone, the adjustment foot is sleeved with a conical support piece, and the conical support piece is provided with an anti-slip texture layer on the side in contact with the ice layer.

[0020] Furthermore, a leg locking mechanism is connected between the adjusting leg and the support frame, and the leg locking mechanism includes an arc-shaped lock hole strip that passes through the adjusting leg and is arranged on the support frame, and a lock pin swing arm that is hinged to the support frame.

[0021] Among them, the arc-shaped lock hole bar passes through the strip hole on the adjustment foot and the adjustment foot can slide relative to the arc-shaped lock hole bar along the strip hole. A plurality of pin holes are arranged on the arc-shaped lock hole bar, and a locking pin matching the pin hole is arranged at the end of the lock pin swing arm.

[0022] Furthermore, the sampling actuator includes an actuator housing and a rotating head connected to one end of the actuator housing.

[0023] Among them, a sampling water intake hole is opened on the rotating head, a filter is arranged in the sampling water intake hole, the sampling water intake hole is connected with a sampling water pipe, a spiral descaling blade is installed in the sampling water pipe, and the edge of the spiral descaling blade is arranged in contact with the inner wall of the sampling water pipe.

[0024] One end of the sampling water pipe is connected to an automatic monitoring station, and a dosing and descaling mechanism connected to the sampling water pipe is arranged in the automatic monitoring station. The dosing and descaling mechanism includes a dosing box, a high-pressure flushing pump and a dosing pipe. The dosing box is connected to the high-pressure flushing pump through the dosing pipe, and the dosing pipe is connected to the sampling water pipe.

[0025] A method for automatically collecting surface water in high-cold areas comprises the following steps:

[0026] Step 100, control the horizontal moving device to start, so that the lifting sampling device on the horizontal moving device is adjusted horizontally along the horizontal guide rail on the trestle frame of the horizontal moving device, until it moves to the first sampling point and stops.

[0027] Step 200, the first-stage lifting frame on the lifting sampling device is driven by the lifting drive device to descend in the vertical direction until the ice-breaking mechanism on the sampling mechanism at the bottom contacts the upper surface of the ice layer, and the ice-breaking parts of the ice-breaking mechanism are started to break the ice layer. After the first-stage lifting frame descends until the buoyancy adjustment component and the sampling actuator enter the water, the buoyancy adjustment component is located at the water depth of the balance point where the buoyancy and gravity are equal, and the lifting drive device is controlled to stop.

[0028] Step 300: After obtaining the water depth data measured by the water depth pressure sensor on the sampling actuator and making a judgment, the driving mechanism of the buoyancy adjustment component is started to adjust the depth of the sampling actuator.

[0029] When the water depth is less than the depth required for sampling, the buoyancy adjustment component is controlled to lower the internal air pressure and reduce the buoyancy. The buoyancy adjustment component descends along the secondary lifting frame until the water depth pressure sensor obtains that the water depth of the sampling actuator is equal to the depth required for sampling, and the adjustment of the internal air pressure of the buoyancy adjustment component is stopped.

[0030] When the water depth is greater than the depth required for sampling, the buoyancy adjustment component is controlled to increase the internal air pressure and increase the buoyancy. The buoyancy adjustment component rises along the secondary lifting frame until the water depth pressure sensor obtains that the water depth of the sampling actuator is equal to the depth required for sampling, and the adjustment of the internal air pressure of the buoyancy adjustment component is stopped.

[0031] Step 400, start the sampling execution component to collect and sample the surface water at the water depth, and transport the sampled water sample back to the automatic monitoring station through the sampling water pipe to complete the sampling.

[0032] Furthermore, in step 300, when the sampling actuator descends to the maximum water depth of the point where it is located, and the water depth is still less than the depth required for sampling, the lifting sampling device is reset, and after the reset, the horizontal moving device is started and adjusted to stop at the second sampling point, and steps 200 and 300 are repeated. If the maximum water depth at the second sampling point is less than the depth required for sampling, the lifting sampling device is reset, and after the reset, the horizontal moving device is started and adjusted to stop at the third sampling point, and steps 200 and 300 are repeated; the horizontal movement of the horizontal moving device and the descent of the sampling actuator to detect the depth are cyclically executed until a sampling point that meets the depth required for sampling is found.

[0033] Among them, when the lifting sampling device is reset, if the ice hole opened by the ice-breaking mechanism re-freezes and blocks the sampling mechanism, the heating coil in the heating layer is started to heat and melt the ice layer at the obstruction until the obstruction is eliminated and reset successfully.

[0034] Furthermore, after the lifting drive device stops in step 200, an ice layer support mechanism is used to fix the relative position of the first-stage lifting frame and the ice layer, which specifically includes the following steps.

[0035] Step 201, after the lifting drive device stops, the ice layer support mechanism on the first-level lifting frame is controlled to start, and the adjustment support foot is driven to rotate to an angle within a range of 60 degrees to 90 degrees with the ice layer surface.

[0036] Step 202: Control the adjustment leg to extend and insert the front pointed cone into the ice layer until the bottom surface of the conical support member contacts and fits with the ice layer.

[0037] Step 203: drive the support foot locking mechanism to lock the adjustment support foot, thereby locking the rotation of the adjustment support foot.

[0038] Furthermore, after the sampling is completed in step 400 or the sampling continues for a specified period of time, the surface of the sampling actuator and the inside of the sampling water pipe are descaled, which specifically includes the following steps.

[0039] Step 500, start the dosing and descaling mechanism, and transport the agent in the dosing box through the dosing pipe to the sampling water pipe through the high-pressure flushing pump to treat the impurities and pipe wall attachments therein, and drive the spiral descaling blades in the sampling water pipe to start rotating, scrape off the attachments on the inner wall of the sampling water pipe, and discharge them through spiral transport.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0041] ‌Overcoming ice obstacles and ensuring water sample acquisition‌: Traditional methods are difficult to effectively obtain water samples when the surface of the river is frozen for a long time. The present invention integrates an ice-breaking mechanism to accurately and efficiently break the ice layer. Whether it is in a situation where thick ice is covered or thin ice is just beginning to form, it can ensure that the sampling device can directly contact the water body, thereby overcoming the sampling problem caused by ice and ensuring the feasibility of water sample acquisition.

[0042] ‌Dynamic adaptation to water depth changes to improve sampling accuracy‌: In view of the large changes in water depth caused by the alternation of winter and summer seasons, and the impact of riverbed flow on the location of sampling points, the present invention uses a water depth pressure sensor to monitor the water depth in real time, and through the coordinated work of the horizontal moving device and the lifting sampling device, it can automatically adjust the sampling position and water depth to ensure that the sampling point always meets the monitoring requirements. This dynamic adaptability greatly improves the accuracy and representativeness of sampling, making water quality monitoring data more reliable.

[0043] ‌Simplify operation and reduce technical difficulty‌: Facing the harsh working environment of low temperature and freezing, traditional manual sampling is not only difficult to operate, but also poses a threat to personnel safety. The automated design of the present invention, including automatic ice breaking and adjustment of sampling positioning points, significantly simplifies the operation process, reduces the workload of sampling personnel, and reduces the technical difficulty and risk of operating in extreme environments, ensuring personnel safety.

[0044] ‌Real-time and complete water quality monitoring‌: Due to the comprehensive application of the above technologies, the present invention can continuously and stably obtain representative water samples during the river freezing period, which is a traditional monitoring blind spot, filling the gap in water quality data during this period. This not only helps to timely discover and respond to water quality problems, but also provides comprehensive and continuous data support for scientific research and environmental protection policy formulation, and realizes real-time and complete monitoring of river water quality.

[0045] The present invention effectively solves the multiple challenges faced in sampling at the source of rivers in plateau areas during the freezing period. It not only improves the efficiency and safety of sampling, but also ensures the continuity and accuracy of water quality monitoring. It is of great significance for protecting water resources and promoting the construction of ecological civilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the automatic water collection system of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the on-site installation structure of the automatic water collection system of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 3 It is a top view schematic diagram of the automatic water collection system of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 4 It is a side view schematic diagram of the automatic water collection system of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the horizontal moving device and the lifting sampling device of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting sampling device of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the outer liner sleeve of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ice layer supporting mechanism of the present invention.

[0054] Fig. 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the adjusting foot of the present invention.

[0055] Reference numerals:

[0056] 1- horizontal moving device, 2- lifting sampling device, 3- automatic monitoring station, 4- lifting mechanism, 5- sampling mechanism, 6- first-level lifting frame, 7- second-level lifting frame, 8- buoyancy adjustment assembly, 9- outer lining sleeve, 10- ice breaking part, 11- sampling actuator, 12- water depth pressure sensor, 13- sampling water pipe, 14- heating coil, 15- inner heating layer, 16- outer heating layer, 17- insulation layer, 18- horizontal moving vehicle, 19- support frame, 20- adjustment foot, 21- pointed cone, 22- conical support, 23- arc-shaped lock hole strip, 24- lock pin swing arm, 25- dosing box, 26- high-pressure flushing pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] An automatic surface water collection system in high-cold areas, such as Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the horizontal moving device 1 includes a lifting sampling device 2 arranged on the horizontal moving device 1. The lifting sampling device 2 includes a lifting mechanism 4 and a sampling mechanism 5 connected to the bottom of the lifting mechanism 4.

[0060] The lifting mechanism 4 comprises a primary lifting frame 6 and a buoyancy adjustment assembly 8. A secondary lifting frame 7 is arranged on the primary lifting frame 6, and the buoyancy adjustment assembly 8 is connected to the secondary lifting frame 7.

[0061] The sampling mechanism 5 is connected to the buoyancy regulating assembly 8, and the buoyancy regulating assembly 8 is used to adjust the buoyancy by adjusting the internal air pressure to achieve underwater lifting and lowering movement.

[0062] Among them, Figure 5 As shown, the sampling mechanism 5 includes an ice-breaking mechanism and a sampling actuator 11. The ice-breaking mechanism includes an outer liner sleeve 9 and an ice-breaking member 10 connected to the bottom of the outer liner sleeve 9. The sampling actuator 11 is arranged inside the outer liner sleeve 9. A water depth pressure sensor 12 is arranged on the sampling actuator 11. The sampling actuator 11 is externally connected to a sampling water pipe 13. The diameter of the ice-breaking member 10 is larger than the diameter of the outer liner sleeve 9, so as to ensure that the outer liner sleeve 9 can smoothly descend from the ice hole into the water during the ice-breaking process.

[0063] The automatic surface water sampling system for high-cold areas of this embodiment is mainly composed of a horizontal moving device 1 and a lifting sampling device 2. The horizontal moving device 1 is responsible for moving the entire sampling system in the horizontal direction, while the lifting sampling device 2 is responsible for adjusting the position of the sampling mechanism 5 in the vertical direction.

[0064] During specific operation, the horizontal moving device 1 is first started, driving the lifting sampling device 2 to move along the horizontal guide rail on the trestle frame to the predetermined first sampling point. Then, the first-stage lifting frame 6 of the lifting mechanism 4 descends under the drive of the lifting drive device until the ice-breaking mechanism contacts the ice layer and breaks the ice layer. After breaking the ice, the first-stage lifting frame 6 continues to descend, allowing the buoyancy adjustment component 8 and the sampling actuator 11 to enter the water. The buoyancy adjustment component 8 maintains a balanced position in the water by adjusting the internal air pressure. At this time, the water depth pressure sensor 12 starts to work and obtains the current water depth data. According to the water depth data, the buoyancy adjustment component 8 will further adjust the internal air pressure to accurately control the depth of the sampling actuator 11 until the required sampling depth is reached. Finally, the sampling actuator 11 is started to collect the surface water at the water depth position and transport it back to the automatic monitoring station 3 through the sampling water pipe 13. Through the implementation of the technical solution of this embodiment, the present invention achieves the following technical effects:

[0065] High degree of automation: The entire sampling process is automated, reducing manual intervention and improving the real-time, continuity and safety of sampling.

[0066] Strong adaptability: The system can sample ice-covered waters in high-altitude and cold regions, expanding the application scope of surface water sampling.

[0067] Precise control: Through the cooperation of the buoyancy adjustment component 8 and the water depth pressure sensor 12, the depth of the sampling actuator 11 can be accurately controlled to ensure the accuracy of sampling.

[0068] High integration: The system integrates functions such as horizontal movement, lifting adjustment, ice breaking, sampling, etc., with a compact structure, easy to carry and deploy.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] On the basis of Example 1, Figure 5-Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, a heating layer is added to the outer liner sleeve 9, and a heating coil 14 is evenly distributed in a spiral shape inside the heating layer. The heating layer is divided into an inner heating layer 15 and an outer heating layer 16, which are respectively used for heating and melting the ice layer and internal insulation to prevent freezing. When the ice hole opened by the ice-breaking mechanism blocks the sampling mechanism 5, the heating coil 14 can be started to heat and melt the ice layer at the blocking position to eliminate the blockage. At the same time, a pipeline heating component is also provided on the sampling water pipe 13 to maintain the temperature of the water sample in the water pipe to prevent freezing.

[0071] By implementing the technical solution of this embodiment, the present invention achieves the following technical effects:

[0072] Anti-freezing: The setting of the heating layer and the pipeline heating component effectively prevents the ice layer from blocking the sampling mechanism 5 and the freezing of the water sample during the transportation process, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the system.

[0073] High heating efficiency: The spirally evenly distributed heating coils 14 improve the heating efficiency, allowing the ice layer to melt quickly and reducing waiting time.

[0074] Double insulation: The double insulation design of the inner heating layer 15 and the outer heating layer 16 further improves the thermal insulation performance of the system and ensures the temperature stability of the water sample during collection and transportation.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] Based on the first embodiment, the present embodiment makes specific configurations for the horizontal moving device 1. Figure 2 As shown, the horizontal moving device 1 includes a trestle frame and a horizontal guide rail arranged on the trestle frame. The trestle frame is installed on the shore and erected above the water surface, providing a stable moving track for the horizontal moving vehicle 18. The horizontal guide rail is provided with the horizontal moving vehicle 18, and the horizontal moving vehicle 18 is provided with a lifting drive mechanism. The lifting drive device is connected to the first-stage lifting frame 6 and is responsible for driving the first-stage lifting frame 6 to move in the vertical direction. In order to ensure that the pipeline can always be connected during movement, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, the sampling water pipe 13 includes a flexible pipe section and a rigid pipe section that are interconnected. The flexible pipe section is connected between the horizontal moving vehicle 18 and the automatic monitoring station 3 , and the rigid pipe section is telescopically connected between the horizontal moving vehicle 18 and the sampling actuator 11 .

[0077] In terms of the driving mode of the horizontal moving vehicle 18, various modes such as electric drive, hydraulic drive or pneumatic drive can be adopted. Electric drive has the advantages of environmental protection and energy saving. Hydraulic drive can provide a large driving force and is suitable for heavy loads. Pneumatic drive has a fast response speed and is suitable for occasions that require frequent starting and stopping. The horizontal guide rail can adopt types such as linear guide rails, curved guide rails or combined guide rails. Linear guide rails are suitable for linear movement, curved guide rails can meet the needs of complex paths, and combined guide rails can combine the advantages of both to achieve a more flexible movement method. The material of the trestle frame can be selected from steel, aluminum alloy or composite materials. Steel has high strength and is suitable for heavy loads and harsh environments. Aluminum alloy is light and corrosion-resistant, suitable for light and beautiful occasions. Composite materials have excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance and are suitable for special environments.

[0078] By implementing the technical solution of this embodiment, the present invention achieves the following technical effects:

[0079] High stability: The design of the trestle frame improves the stability of the entire sampling system and ensures the stability and accuracy of the horizontal moving vehicle 18 during movement.

[0080] Large moving range: The setting of the horizontal guide rail enables the horizontal moving vehicle 18 to move in a larger range, increasing the flexibility and coverage of sampling.

[0081] Easy to maintain: The structural design of the trestle frame and horizontal guide rails is simple and clear, which is easy to maintain and overhaul, reducing the operating cost of the system.

[0082] Example 4

[0083] On the basis of Example 1, Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, in this embodiment, an ice layer support mechanism is connected to the first-stage lifting frame 6 of the lifting mechanism 4. The ice layer support mechanism includes a support frame 19 and a plurality of adjustment legs 20 hinged to the support frame 19. The adjustment legs 20 are retractable structures, and a pointed cone portion 21 is provided at the end to facilitate insertion into the ice layer. A conical support member 22 is also sleeved on the adjustment leg 20, and an anti-slip texture layer is provided on the adjustment leg to increase the friction between the ice layer and improve the support stability.

[0084] As a preferred embodiment, a foot locking mechanism is further connected between the adjustment foot 20 and the support frame 19, and the foot locking mechanism includes an arc-shaped lock hole bar 23 that passes through the adjustment foot 20 and is arranged on the support frame 19, and a lock pin swing arm 24 that is hinged to the support frame 19. The arc-shaped lock hole bar 23 passes through the bar-shaped hole on the adjustment foot 20, and the adjustment foot 20 can slide relative to the arc-shaped lock hole bar 23 along the bar-shaped hole, and a plurality of pin holes are arranged on the arc-shaped lock hole bar 23, and a locking pin that matches the pin hole is arranged at the end of the lock pin swing arm 24.

[0085] When the first-stage lifting frame 6 descends to a certain depth, the ice layer support mechanism is activated, and the adjusting leg 20 rotates to a suitable angle with the ice layer surface under the action of the driving force, and extends to insert the front end pointed cone 21 into the ice layer. The conical support member 22 contacts and fits the ice layer, providing a stable support force. At this time, the leg locking mechanism is activated, and the locking pin of the locking pin swing arm 24 is inserted into the pin hole of the arc-shaped locking hole bar 23, locking the adjusting leg 20 to ensure the stability of the ice layer support mechanism.

[0086] The support frame 19 can be designed in a folding, telescopic or fixed structure. The folding type is easy to carry and store. The telescopic type can adapt to ice layers of different heights. The fixed type has a stable structure and is suitable for long-term use.

[0087] The material of the adjusting foot 20 can be stainless steel, titanium alloy or high-strength plastic. Stainless steel has strong corrosion resistance and is suitable for harsh environments. Titanium alloy is light and high-strength, and is suitable for light and high-strength occasions. High-strength plastic has excellent wear resistance and impact resistance, and is suitable for special environments.

[0088] The surface of the conical support member 22 can be treated by sandblasting, galvanizing or spraying with anti-skid paint. Sandblasting can increase the surface roughness and improve the friction. Galvanizing can enhance the corrosion resistance. Spraying with anti-skid paint can further improve the anti-skid performance.

[0089] Example 5

[0090] Based on Example 1, this embodiment specifically designs the sampling actuator 11. The sampling actuator 11 includes an actuator housing and a rotating head connected to one end of the actuator housing. A sampling water intake hole is provided on the rotating head, and a filter is provided in the hole to filter impurities in the water. The sampling water intake hole is connected to the sampling water pipe 13, and the water sample enters the sampling water pipe 13 through the sampling water intake hole.

[0091] A spiral descaling blade is installed in the sampling water pipe 13, and its edge is arranged in contact with the inner wall of the sampling water pipe 13. During the sampling process, the spiral descaling blade rotates with the water flow to scrape off the attachments on the inner wall of the sampling water pipe 13 to prevent the accumulation of scale from affecting the sampling effect.

[0092] Preferably, Figure 1-Figure 4 One end of the sampling water pipe 13 is connected to the automatic monitoring station 3, and a dosing and descaling mechanism connected to the sampling water pipe 13 is provided in the automatic monitoring station 3, including a dosing box 25, a high-pressure flushing pump 26 and a dosing pipe. The dosing box 25 contains descaling agents, which are pumped by the high-pressure flushing pump 26 and transported to the sampling water pipe 13 through the dosing pipe to treat the impurities and pipe wall attachments therein.

[0093] The rotating head can be fixed, detachable or adjustable. The fixed type has a simple structure and is suitable for stable sampling. The detachable type is easy to clean and replace. The adjustable type can meet the sampling needs of different angles.

[0094] The sampling and water collection holes can be designed as single holes, multiple holes or combined holes. Single holes are suitable for simple sampling. Multiple holes can improve sampling efficiency and accuracy. Combined holes can combine the advantages of both to achieve a more flexible sampling method.

[0095] The reagents of the dosing and descaling mechanism can be selected from acidic, alkaline or neutral types. Acidic reagents can effectively remove scale and impurities. Alkaline reagents can neutralize acidic substances and improve the purity of water samples. Neutral reagents have low corrosiveness and irritation and are suitable for special environments. At the same time, environmentally friendly reagents such as biological enzymes can also be considered to reduce pollution to the environment.

[0096] Example 6

[0097] A method for automatically collecting surface water in high-cold areas comprises the following steps:

[0098] Step 100, control the horizontal moving device 1 to start, so that the lifting sampling device 2 on the horizontal moving device 1 is horizontally adjusted along the horizontal guide rail on the trestle frame of the horizontal moving device 1 until it moves to the first sampling point and stops. The positioning accuracy of the horizontal moving device 1 can be improved by auxiliary equipment such as the GP step positioning system or the laser rangefinder.

[0099] Step 200, the first-stage lifting frame 6 on the lifting sampling device 2 is driven by the lifting drive device to descend in the vertical direction until the ice-breaking mechanism on the sampling mechanism 5 at the bottom contacts the upper surface of the ice layer, and the ice-breaking member 10 of the ice-breaking mechanism is started to break the ice layer. After the first-stage lifting frame 6 descends until the buoyancy adjustment component 8 and the sampling actuator 11 enter the water, the buoyancy adjustment component 8 is located at the water depth of the balance point where the buoyancy and gravity are equal, and the lifting drive device is controlled to stop.

[0100] The lifting drive device can be an electric hoist, a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder, etc., and a suitable device can be selected according to the sampling weight and lifting speed requirements. The ice breaking member 10 of the ice breaking mechanism can be an ice breaking method such as a mechanical blade or a high-pressure water jet, and a suitable ice breaking method can be selected according to the thickness and hardness of the ice layer.

[0101] Step 300 : After obtaining the water depth data measured by the water depth pressure sensor 12 on the sampling actuator 11 and making a judgment, the driving mechanism of the buoyancy adjustment component 8 is started to adjust the depth of the sampling actuator 11 .

[0102] When the water depth is less than the depth required for sampling, the buoyancy adjustment component 8 is controlled to lower the internal air pressure and reduce the buoyancy. The buoyancy adjustment component 8 descends along the secondary lifting frame 7 until the water depth pressure sensor 12 obtains that the water depth of the sampling actuator 11 is equal to the depth required for sampling, and the adjustment of the internal air pressure of the buoyancy adjustment component 8 is stopped.

[0103] When the water depth is greater than the depth required for sampling, the buoyancy adjustment component 8 is controlled to increase the internal air pressure and increase the buoyancy. The buoyancy adjustment component 8 rises along the secondary lifting frame 7 until the water depth pressure sensor 12 obtains that the water depth of the sampling actuator 11 is equal to the depth required for sampling, and the adjustment of the internal air pressure of the buoyancy adjustment component 8 is stopped.

[0104] The buoyancy adjustment component 8 can be an air bag, a float or a liquid tank with adjustable density, etc., and a suitable component can be selected according to the sampling depth and buoyancy requirements. The water depth pressure sensor 12 can be a high-precision pressure sensor, an ultrasonic rangefinder or a laser rangefinder, etc., to improve the accuracy of water depth measurement.

[0105] Step 400 , start the sampling executive component 11 to collect and sample the surface water at the water depth, and transport the sampled water sample back to the automatic monitoring station 3 through the sampling water pipe 13 to complete the sampling.

[0106] The sampling actuator 11 can be a pump-suction type, a grabbing type or a filtering type sampling actuator 11, and a suitable actuator is selected according to the type of water sample and the sampling volume requirement. The sampling water pipe 13 can be a corrosion-resistant, high-pressure resistant plastic pipe, steel pipe or composite pipe, etc., and a suitable water pipe is selected according to the transportation distance and flow requirements. The transportation method can be gravity, pumping or air pressure transportation, etc., to transport the water sample back to the automatic monitoring station 3.

[0107] As a preferred embodiment, in step 300, when the sampling actuator 11 descends to the maximum water depth of the point, and the water depth is still less than the depth required for sampling, the lifting sampling device 2 is reset, and after the reset, the horizontal moving device 1 is started to adjust to the second sampling point and stop, and steps 200 and 300 are repeated. If the maximum water depth at the second sampling point is less than the depth required for sampling, the lifting sampling device 2 is reset, and after the reset, the horizontal moving device 1 is started to adjust to the third sampling point and stop, and steps 200 and 300 are repeated. The horizontal moving device 1 and the sampling actuator 11 are cycled and cycled to detect the depth until a sampling point that meets the depth required for sampling is found.

[0108] When the lifting sampling device 2 is reset, if the ice hole opened by the ice-breaking mechanism refreezes and blocks the sampling mechanism 5, the heating coil 14 in the heating layer is started to heat and melt the ice layer at the blocking position until the blockage is eliminated and reset successfully.

[0109] As a preferred embodiment, after the lifting drive device stops in step 200, the relative position of the first-stage lifting frame 6 and the ice layer is fixed by using an ice layer support mechanism, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0110] Step 201, after the lifting drive device stops, the ice layer support mechanism on the first-stage lifting frame 6 is controlled to start, and the adjustment support foot 20 is driven to rotate to an angle within a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees with the ice layer surface.

[0111] Step 202: Control the adjustment foot 20 to extend and insert the front pointed cone portion 21 into the ice layer until the bottom surface of the conical support member 22 contacts and fits with the ice layer.

[0112] Step 203, drive the support foot locking mechanism to lock the adjustment support foot 20, and lock the rotation of the adjustment support foot 20. Specifically, the adjustment support foot 20 is locked by driving the locking pin swing arm 24 on the support frame 19 to rotate toward the arc-shaped locking hole strip 23, and finally inserting the locking pin on the locking pin swing arm 24 into the pin hole on the arc-shaped locking hole strip 23, so that the adjustment support foot 20 can no longer rotate along the arc-shaped locking hole strip 23, thereby completing the locking.

[0113] As a preferred embodiment, after the sampling is completed in step 400 or the sampling continues for a specified period of time, the surface of the sampling actuator 11 and the inside of the sampling water pipe 13 are descaled, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0114] Step 500, start the dosing and descaling mechanism, and transport the agent in the dosing box 25 to the sampling water pipe 13 through the dosing pipe through the high-pressure flushing pump 26 to treat the impurities and wall attachments therein, and drive the spiral descaling blades in the sampling water pipe 13 to start rotating, scrape off the attachments on the inner wall of the sampling water pipe 13, and discharge them through spiral transport. A reasonable descaling cycle can be set according to factors such as sampling frequency, impurity content of water samples, and scale accumulation speed. For maintenance, the sampling equipment needs to be regularly inspected, cleaned, and wearing parts replaced, etc., to ensure the normal operation of the equipment and sampling accuracy.

[0115] The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific implementation of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic surface water collection system for high-cold areas, characterized in that: It comprises a horizontal moving device (1) and a lifting sampling device (2) arranged on the horizontal moving device (1); the lifting sampling device (2) comprises a lifting mechanism (4) and a sampling mechanism (5) connected to the bottom of the lifting mechanism (4); The lifting mechanism (4) comprises a primary lifting frame (6) and a buoyancy adjustment component (8); a secondary lifting frame (7) is arranged on the primary lifting frame (6), and the buoyancy adjustment component (8) is connected to the secondary lifting frame (7); The sampling mechanism (5) is connected to a buoyancy adjustment component (8), and the buoyancy adjustment component (8) is used to adjust the buoyancy by adjusting the internal air pressure to achieve underwater lifting and lowering movement; The sampling mechanism (5) comprises an ice-breaking mechanism and a sampling actuator (11); the ice-breaking mechanism comprises an outer lining sleeve (9) and an ice-breaking member (10) connected to the bottom of the outer lining sleeve (9); the sampling actuator (11) is arranged inside the outer lining sleeve (9); a water depth pressure sensor (12) is arranged on the sampling actuator (11); and the sampling actuator (11) is externally connected to a sampling water pipe (13); The diameter of the ice-breaking element (10) is greater than the diameter of the outer lining sleeve (9).

2. The automatic surface water collection system for high-cold areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A heating layer is provided on the outer lining sleeve (9), and a heating coil (14) is provided inside the heating layer and is evenly distributed in a spiral shape; The heating layer comprises an inner heating layer (15) and an outer heating layer (16), and the inner heating layer (15) and the outer heating layer (16) are respectively arranged on the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer lining sleeve (9); The heating coil (14) comprises a first coil segment arranged in the inner heating layer (15) and a second coil segment arranged in the outer heating layer (16), the first coil segment and the second coil segment being respectively connected to an external heating power source, the first coil segment being used for heating and melting the ice layer, and the second coil segment being used for internal heat preservation and preventing freezing; A heat-insulating layer (17) is connected between the heating layer and the outer lining sleeve (9); The sampling water pipe (13) is provided with a pipeline heating component.

3. The automatic surface water collection system for high-cold areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The horizontal moving device (1) comprises a trestle frame and a horizontal guide rail arranged on the trestle frame; Wherein, the trestle frame is used to be installed on the shore and erected above the water surface; A horizontal moving vehicle (18) is arranged on the horizontal guide rail, the sampling water pipe (13) comprises a flexible pipe section and a rigid pipe section which are interconnected, the flexible pipe section is connected between the horizontal moving vehicle (18) and the automatic monitoring station (3), the rigid pipe section is telescopically connected between the horizontal moving vehicle (18) and the sampling actuator (11), and a lifting drive mechanism is arranged on the horizontal moving vehicle (18), the lifting drive device is connected to a first-level lifting frame (6), and the lifting drive device is used to drive the first-level lifting frame (6) to move in a vertical direction.

4. The automatic surface water collection system for high-cold areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An ice layer support mechanism is connected to the first-stage lifting frame (6) of the lifting mechanism (4), wherein the ice layer support mechanism comprises a support frame (19) and a plurality of adjustment legs (20) arranged on the support frame (19), wherein the adjustment legs (20) are hingedly connected to the support frame (19); The adjusting foot (20) is a retractable structure, the ends of the adjusting foot (20) are each provided with a pointed cone (21), a conical support member (22) is sleeved on the adjusting foot (20), and a non-slip texture layer is provided on a surface of the conical support member (22) that contacts the ice layer.

5. The automatic surface water collection system for high-cold areas according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A foot locking mechanism is also connected between the adjusting foot (20) and the support frame (19), the foot locking mechanism comprising an arc-shaped lock hole strip (23) passing through the adjusting foot (20) and arranged on the support frame (19) and a lock pin swing arm (24) hinged to the support frame (19); The arc-shaped locking hole strip (23) passes through the strip-shaped hole on the adjusting foot (20), and the adjusting foot (20) can slide relative to the arc-shaped locking hole strip (23) along the strip-shaped hole, a plurality of pin holes are provided on the arc-shaped locking hole strip (23), and a locking pin that matches the pin hole is provided at the end of the locking pin swing arm (24).

6. The automatic surface water collection system for high-cold areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sampling actuator (11) comprises an actuator housing and a rotating head connected to one end of the actuator housing; The rotating head is provided with a sampling water intake hole, a filter screen is arranged in the sampling water intake hole, the sampling water intake hole is connected to a sampling water pipe (13), a spiral descaling blade is installed in the sampling water pipe (13), and the edge of the spiral descaling blade is arranged to fit the inner wall of the sampling water pipe (13); One end of the sampling water pipe (13) is connected to an automatic monitoring station (3), and a dosing and descaling mechanism connected to the sampling water pipe (13) is arranged in the automatic monitoring station (3). The dosing and descaling mechanism comprises a dosing box (25), a high-pressure flushing pump (26) and a dosing pipe. The dosing box (25) is connected to the high-pressure flushing pump (26) via the dosing pipe, and the dosing pipe is connected to the sampling water pipe (13).

7. A method for automatically collecting surface water in a high-cold region, using the automatic surface water collection system for a high-cold region as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 100, controlling the horizontal moving device (1) to start, so that the lifting sampling device (2) on the horizontal moving device (1) is horizontally adjusted along the horizontal guide rail on the trestle frame of the horizontal moving device (1) until it moves to the first sampling point and stops; Step 200, the first-stage lifting frame (6) on the lifting sampling device (2) is driven by the lifting drive device to descend in the vertical direction until the ice-breaking mechanism on the sampling mechanism (5) at the bottom contacts the upper surface of the ice layer, and the ice-breaking member (10) of the ice-breaking mechanism is started to break the ice layer. After the first-stage lifting frame (6) descends until the buoyancy adjustment component (8) and the sampling actuator (11) enter the water, the buoyancy adjustment component (8) is located at a water depth at a balance point where the buoyancy and gravity are equal, and the lifting drive device is controlled to stop; Step 300: after obtaining the water depth data measured by the water depth pressure sensor (12) on the sampling actuator (11) and making a judgment, the driving mechanism of the buoyancy adjustment component (8) is started to adjust the depth of the sampling actuator (11); When the water depth is less than the required sampling depth, the buoyancy regulating component (8) is controlled to reduce the internal air pressure and the buoyancy, and the buoyancy regulating component (8) is lowered along the secondary lifting frame (7) until the water depth pressure sensor (12) obtains that the water depth of the sampling actuator (11) is equal to the required sampling depth, and the adjustment of the internal air pressure of the buoyancy regulating component (8) is stopped; When the water depth is greater than the depth required for sampling, the buoyancy adjustment component (8) is controlled to increase the internal air pressure, thereby increasing the buoyancy, and the buoyancy adjustment component (8) rises along the secondary lifting frame (7) until the water depth pressure sensor (12) obtains that the water depth of the sampling actuator (11) is equal to the depth required for sampling, and the adjustment of the internal air pressure of the buoyancy adjustment component (8) is stopped; Step 400, start the sampling execution component (11), collect and sample the surface water at the water depth, and transport the sampled water sample back to the automatic monitoring station (3) through the sampling water pipe (13), thereby completing the sampling.

8. The method for automatically collecting surface water in alpine areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 300, when the sampling actuator (11) descends to the maximum water depth at the point where it is located, and the water depth is still less than the depth required for sampling, the lifting sampling device (2) is reset, and after the reset, the horizontal moving device (1) is started and adjusted to the second sampling point and stops, and steps 200 and 300 are repeated. If the maximum water depth at the second sampling point is less than the depth required for sampling, the lifting sampling device (2) is reset, and after the reset, the horizontal moving device (1) is started and adjusted to the third sampling point and stops, and steps 200 and 300 are repeated; the horizontal movement of the horizontal moving device (1) and the descending of the sampling actuator (11) to detect the depth are cyclically executed until a sampling point that meets the depth required for sampling is found; When the lifting sampling device (2) is reset, if the ice hole opened by the ice-breaking mechanism refreezes and blocks the sampling mechanism (5), the heating coil (14) in the heating layer is started to heat and melt the ice layer at the blocking position until the blocking is eliminated and the device is successfully reset.

9. The method for automatically collecting surface water in alpine areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the lifting drive device stops in step 200, the relative position of the first-stage lifting frame (6) and the ice layer is fixed by using an ice layer support mechanism, which specifically includes the following steps: Step 201: After the lifting drive device stops, the ice layer support mechanism on the first-stage lifting frame (6) is controlled to start, and the adjustment support foot (20) is driven to rotate to an angle in the range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees with the ice layer surface; Step 202, controlling the adjustment support foot (20) to extend and insert the front end pointed cone portion (21) into the ice layer until the bottom surface of the conical support member (22) contacts and fits with the ice layer; Step 203: driving the support foot locking mechanism to lock the adjustment support foot (20), thereby locking the rotation of the adjustment support foot (20).

10. The method for automatically collecting surface water in alpine areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the sampling is completed in step 400 or the sampling continues for a specified period of time, the surface of the sampling actuator (11) and the inside of the sampling water pipe (13) are descaled, which specifically includes the following steps: Step 500, start the dosing and descaling mechanism, and transport the agent in the dosing box (25) through the dosing pipe to the sampling water pipe (13) through the high-pressure flushing pump (26) to treat the impurities and pipe wall attachments therein, and drive the spiral descaling blades in the sampling water pipe (13) to start rotating, scrape off the attachments on the inner wall of the sampling water pipe (13), and discharge them through the spiral transport.

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