A visualizing device and method for simulating the flow of particles under water inrush and sand burst conditions

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of visualizing device and method of simulating water inrush and sand collapse condition under particle flow, the device includes the fixed sleeve set with rock sample, fixed sleeve set both ends are equipped with cylinder shell and be used to the steel column of pressure to rock sample, fixed sleeve set inside is also equipped with the monitoring unit for observing the flow condition of sand body inside rock sample, the whole process of sand flow in fissure is observed by monitoring unit, including the change of fissure itself opening degree caused by sand jam in fissure and healing effect, the whole flow process is changed into visualization, it is helpful to enhance the understanding of the reason of flow rate change in water channel under water inrush and sand collapse condition in coal seam mining.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mine intelligent production and technical service, and particularly relates to a visualization device and method for simulating particle flow under water inrush and sand inrush conditions. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of coal seam mining, weakly cemented sandstone often exists in the overburden layer above the coal seam. When mining activities cause strata movement and rupture, these sandstones can enter the water-conducting fractured zone. At this time, the weakly cemented sandstone, under the soaking of water, its structure is prone to disintegration, and the cementing material gradually dissolves or is weakened, so that the sand particles gradually loosen and fall off. Under the push of water flow, these loose sand particles can migrate along the water-conducting fractured zone, forming a mixture of mud and sand. If the channel of the fractured zone is unobstructed, these mud and sand will rush out quickly with the water flow, causing water inrush disaster. Water inrush not only brings a large amount of water, but also carries sand particles, which can cause great impact on the working face, possibly leading to equipment damage, roadway blockage, and even more serious mine disasters. Conversely, if the channel of the fractured zone is not smooth, the accumulation of sand particles may gradually block the water flow channel, causing local water pressure to rise and causing more complex water hazard problems.

[0003] In the study of water inrush and sand inrush phenomenon, indirect means are usually used to observe and analyze this complex process. By laying monitoring wells and installing underground water level monitoring equipment, researchers can continuously monitor the water level and water pressure changes of the aquifer. These changes can indicate the development of the water-conducting fractured zone and the disintegration degree of the weakly cemented sandstone. Microseismic monitoring technology provides early warning signals about potential water inrush and sand inrush risks by monitoring strata rupture and rock mass movement in real time. However, such methods are basically indirect methods, and it is difficult to directly observe the process changes of water inrush and sand inrush and the competition mechanism of fracture plugging, and a method is needed to study the process changes of such water disasters from a mesoscopic perspective. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present application is to provide a visualization device and method for simulating particle flow under water inrush and sand inrush conditions, which can realize the visualization of the whole process of loose particles flowing, migrating and plugging in the fracture during coal seam excavation, and the feasibility of theoretical research.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The application provides a visual device for simulating the flow of particles under the condition of water inrush and sand collapse, which comprises a hollow fixing sleeve, a support steel piece arranged transversely and in a semicircular shape is arranged in the cavity of the fixing sleeve, two ends of the support steel piece are connected with transparent acrylic plates arranged transversely, a rock sample with a semicircular outer wall is arranged on the transparent acrylic plate, and the support steel piece and the rock sample form a columnar structure; a receiving steel ring is attached to the left end surface of the columnar structure, and a pressure-bearing steel ring is nested at the right end of the columnar structure; the receiving steel ring is annular, and weakly cemented sandstone is arranged in the cavity of the receiving steel ring; the left end of the columnar structure is sealed to prevent the weakly cemented sandstone from flowing into the internal space of the support steel piece after being diluted;

[0007] two cylinder housings are symmetrically and threadedly connected to the two ends of the fixing sleeve, the two cylinder housings are hollow, and a steel column for providing pressure to the weakly cemented sandstone and the rock sample is threadedly connected to each of the cylinder housings, the weakly cemented sandstone is sequentially nested with a plurality of rubber rings and a pressure ring steel piece from right to left, and the left steel column presses the rubber rings against the end surface of the receiving steel ring through the pressure ring steel piece; a plurality of rubber pads are also arranged on the right end surface of the pressure-bearing steel ring, and the right steel column presses the rubber pads against the pressure-bearing steel ring through an adapted circular piece;

[0008] a rubber sleeve is nested on the outer wall of the rock sample, the two ends of the rubber sleeve are also nested on the periphery of the receiving steel ring and the pressure-bearing steel ring, a sealed oil storage cavity is formed between the outer wall of the rubber sleeve, the inner wall of the fixing sleeve, the pressure ring steel piece, the circular piece and the two cylinder housings, and an oil inlet and an oil outlet are respectively formed in the upper side and the lower side of the fixing sleeve and communicate with the oil storage cavity;

[0009] a water inlet is formed in the middle of the left steel column and communicates with the weakly cemented sandstone, and a water outlet is formed in the middle of the right steel column and the pressure-bearing steel ring and communicates with the rock sample; a monitoring unit for observing the internal particle flow condition of the rock sample is further arranged in the space formed between the support steel piece and the transparent acrylic plate.

[0010] Preferably, the monitoring unit comprises a placement table transversely fixed on the support steel piece, a plurality of vertical sliding rails and horizontal sliding rails are arranged on the placement table, a plurality of movable sliding blocks are respectively and slidably connected to the vertical sliding rails and the horizontal sliding rails, a camera is arranged on the sliding blocks, and a light source and a power source are further arranged on the placement table. The movement of the sliding blocks is controlled by an existing motor, and thus no further description is given.

[0011] Preferably, a water-blocking rubber ring is arranged between the fixing sleeve and the cylinder housing.

[0012] Preferably, the water inlet is provided with a water body providing device and a corresponding water pressure change detecting device, so as to provide a monitoring condition for the change of the fracture closure or expansion seepage pressure of the rock sample under the action of confining pressure; and the water outlet is provided with an analytical balance device to monitor the change of the water flow and the weight of sand particles.

[0013] Preferably, the two ends of the transparent acrylic plate are glued to the inner wall of the supporting steel piece by epoxy resin.

[0014] Preferably, the oil inlet is connected with an oil injection system to inject oil into the oil storage cavity, and the oil outlet is connected with an oil storage tank.

[0015] Preferably, the thickness of the compression ring steel piece is less than the total thickness of the adjacent rubber ring, preventing the outflow of seepage water under external pressure.

[0016] The application provides a use method of a visualization device for simulating the flow of particles under water inrush and sand collapse conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1, before the experiment starts, sampling and making rock samples and weakly cemented sandstone on the site, and placing them in the upper part of the transparent acrylic plate and the receiving steel ring, respectively;

[0018] S2, water is introduced through the water inlet, and when the water flows to the position of the weakly cemented sandstone, the weakly cemented sandstone is soaked to cause the sandstone to disintegrate, the sand particles are carried into the fracture by the water, and then flow to the outlet through the fracture, part of the sand particles are carried out, and part of the sand particles remain in the fracture;

[0019] S3, oil injection and pressure setting are performed through the oil storage cavity, the rubber sleeve is determined to extrude the internal rock sample, and the confining pressure is provided;

[0020] S4, the camera and the light source on the placing table are turned on to work, and the whole process of the flow of the sand particles in the rock sample is monitored and recorded;

[0021] S5, the water flowing out of the water outlet is received, weighed and collected, and the feedback mechanism between the seepage pressure and the plugging of the sand particles to the fracture is judged;

[0022] S6, during the whole simulation process, the water body collected through the water inlet and the water outlet and the seepage pressure in the seepage process are used for data acquisition, the frequency of acquisition depends on the support of the field data, and the data performance is explained and evidence is supported through the internal visualization process.

[0023] The application has the beneficial effects that: the device detects the water inrush and sand collapse process through the visualization device of the laboratory test, understands the flow trend and change of the internal sand particles in the fracture, and differentiates the movement of the sand particles at positions with different roughness and different opening degrees, so as to understand the changes of the water pressure and flow caused by the performance and the changes of the fracture itself in the process, which can be theoretically shown, and has a promoting effect on the research on water inrush and sand collapse in coal mining. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Fig. 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a visualization device and method for simulating particle flow under conditions of sudden water inrush and sand collapse, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0028] 1. Water inlet; 2. Steel column; 3. Cylinder shell; 4. Rubber ring; 5. Fixing kit; 6. Oil inlet; 7. Camera; 8. Rock sample; 9. Vertical slide rail; 10. Placement platform; 11. Rubber sleeve; 12. Horizontal slide rail; 13. Oil outlet; 14. Oil storage chamber; 15. Weakly cemented sandstone; 16. Pressure ring steel component; 17. Water-blocking rubber ring; 18. Supporting steel ring; 19. Water outlet; 20. Supporting steel component; 21. Power supply; 22. Light source; 23. Acrylic plate; 24. Pressure-bearing steel ring; 25. Circular piece; 26. Rubber pad. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figs. 1-2 As shown, a visualization device for simulating particle flow under conditions of sudden water inrush and sand runoff includes a hollow fixing kit 5. A horizontally arranged, semi-circular support steel member 20 is placed inside the cavity of the fixing kit 5. Both ends of the support steel member 20 are connected to horizontally arranged transparent acrylic plates 23. A rock sample 8 with a semi-circular outer wall is placed on the transparent acrylic plates 23. The support steel member 20 and the rock sample 8 form a columnar structure. A receiving steel ring 18 is attached to the left end of the columnar structure, and a pressure-bearing steel ring 24 is nested at the right end of the columnar structure. The receiving steel ring 18 is annular, and its cavity contains weakly cemented sandstone 15 with penetrating fissures. The left end of the columnar structure is sealed to prevent sand from flowing into the internal space of the support steel member 20 after dilution of the weakly cemented sandstone 15. The support steel member 20 protects the internal device and instruments from damage.

[0031] Two cylinder housings 3 are symmetrically screwed at both ends of the fixing sleeve 5, both of the cylinder housings 3 are hollow and are screwed with steel columns 2 for providing pressure to weakly cemented sandstone 15, rock sample 8, the weakly cemented sandstone 15 is sequentially nested with several rubber rings 4 and a compression ring steel piece 16 from right to left, the left steel column 2 is pressed against the end face of the receiving steel ring 18 through the compression ring steel piece 16; the right end face of the pressure bearing steel ring 24 is also provided with several rubber pads 26, and the right steel column 2 is pressed against the pressure bearing steel ring 24 through the matching circular piece 25.

[0032] The outer wall of the rock sample 8 is nested with a rubber sleeve 11, both ends of the rubber sleeve 11 are also nested outside the receiving steel ring 18 and the pressure bearing steel ring 24, and a sealed oil storage cavity 14 is formed between the outer wall of the rubber sleeve 11, the inner wall of the fixing sleeve 5, the compression ring steel piece 16, the circular piece 25 and the two cylinder housings 3, and the upper and lower sides of the fixing sleeve 5 are respectively provided with an oil inlet 6 and an oil outlet 13 which are communicated with the oil storage cavity 14.

[0033] The middle part of the left steel column 2 is provided with a water inlet 1 which is communicated with the weakly cemented sandstone 15, and the middle part of the right steel column 2 and the pressure bearing steel ring 24 are provided with a water outlet 19 which is communicated with the rock sample 8; a monitoring unit for observing the internal particle flow condition of the rock sample 8 is further arranged in the space between the support steel piece 20 and the transparent acrylic plate 23.

[0034] The monitoring unit comprises a placing table 10 which is transversely fixed at both ends of the support steel piece 20, the placing table 10 is provided with several vertical sliding rails 9 and transverse sliding rails 12, a plurality of movable sliding blocks are respectively slidably connected on the vertical sliding rails 9 and the transverse sliding rails 12, a camera 7 is arranged on the sliding blocks, and a light source 22 and a power supply 21 are further arranged on the placing table 10.

[0035] A water-blocking rubber ring 17 is arranged between the fixing sleeve 5 and the cylinder housing 3. Under the action of extrusion, there is a water-blocking effect, when water flows from the device to this place, it will be blocked, and under the action of water, the water-blocking rubber ring 17 has stronger adsorption and is easier to block water.

[0036] The water inlet 1 is provided with a water body providing device and a corresponding water pressure change detection device, which provides monitoring conditions for the change of fracture closure or expansion seepage pressure of the rock sample 8 under confining pressure; the water outlet 19 is provided with an analytical balance device to monitor the change of water flow and sand particle weight.

[0037] Both ends of the transparent acrylic plate 23 are glued to the inner wall of the support steel piece 20 by epoxy resin.

[0038] The oil inlet 6 is connected with an oil injection system, and oil is injected into the oil storage cavity 14, and the oil outlet 13 is connected with an oil storage tank.

[0039] The thickness of the compression ring steel piece 16 is less than the total thickness of the adjacent rubber ring 4, and the seepage water body is prevented from leaking out under the action of external pressure.

[0040] The application provides a use method of a visualization device for simulating particle flow under water inrush and sand collapse conditions, and the use method comprises the following steps:

[0041] S1, before the experiment starts, the rock sample 8 and the weakly cemented sandstone 15 are sampled and made, and are respectively placed on the upper part of the transparent acrylic plate 23 and in the receiving steel ring 18;

[0042] S2, water is introduced through the water inlet 1, and when the water flows to the position of the weakly cemented sandstone 15, the weakly cemented sandstone 15 is soaked to cause the sandstone to disintegrate, sand particles are carried into the fissure by water, and then flow to the outlet through the fissure, part of the sand particles are carried out, and part of the sand particles remain in the fissure;

[0043] S3, oil injection and pressure setting are performed through the oil storage cavity 14, the rubber sleeve 11 is determined to extrude the internal rock sample 8, and confining pressure is provided;

[0044] S4, the camera 7 and the light source 22 on the placing table 10 are turned on to work, and the whole process of the sand particle flow in the rock sample 8 is monitored and recorded;

[0045] S5, the water flowing out through the water outlet 19 is received, weighed and collected, and the feedback mechanism between seepage pressure and sand particle plugging of the fissure is judged;

[0046] S6, in the whole simulation process, the water bodies of the water inlet 1 and the water outlet 19 are collected, and the seepage pressure in the seepage process is collected, the collection frequency depends on the support of field data, and meanwhile, the visualization process in the interior is used to explain the data performance and provide evidence support.

[0047] In the whole simulation process, the visualization mechanism of the sandstone disintegration through the fissure to the goaf under the action of the aquifer is realized.

[0048] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the application belong to the scope of the claims of the application and the equivalent technology thereof, the application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A visualizing device for simulating the flow of particles under water and sand inrush conditions, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of rock sample testing device, including hollow fixing kit (5), the cavity of the fixing kit (5) is placed with the support steel piece (20) of transverse arrangement and semicircular shape, the both ends of the support steel piece (20) are connected with the transparent acrylic plate (23) of transverse arrangement, the transparent acrylic plate (23) is placed with the rock sample (8) of outer wall semicircular, the support steel piece (20) and rock sample (8) form columnar structure;The left end surface of the columnar structure is attached with receiving steel ring (18), the right end of the columnar structure is nested pressure steel ring (24);The receiving steel ring (18) is annular and its cavity is placed with weakly cemented sandstone (15);Columnar structure left end sealing treatment prevents weakly cemented sandstone (15) dilution after sand body flows into the internal space of support steel piece (20); Two cylinder housings (3) are symmetrically screwed on both ends of the fixing kit (5), both the cylinder housings (3) are hollow and are screwed with steel columns (2) for providing pressure to the weakly cemented sandstone (15) and the rock sample (8), the weakly cemented sandstone (15) is sequentially nested with a number of rubber rings (4) and a pressure ring steel piece (16) from right to left, the left steel column (2) is pressed against the end surface of the receiving steel ring (18) by the pressure ring steel piece (16); The right end surface of the pressure steel ring (24) is also provided with a number of rubber pads (26), and the right steel column (2) is pressed against the pressure steel ring (24) by the matching circular piece (25); The rock sample (8) is nested with a rubber sleeve (11), both ends of the rubber sleeve (11) are also nested outside the receiving steel ring (18) and the pressure steel ring (24), and a sealed oil storage cavity (14) is formed between the outer wall of the rubber sleeve (11), the inner wall of the fixing kit (5), the pressure ring steel piece (16), the circular piece (25), and the two cylinder housings (3), the fixing kit (5) is provided with an oil inlet (6) and an oil outlet (13) on the upper and lower sides, respectively, which communicate with the oil storage cavity (14); The left steel column (2) is provided with a water inlet (1) in the middle, which communicates with the weakly cemented sandstone (15), the right steel column (2) and the pressure steel ring (24) are provided with a water outlet (19) in the middle, which communicates with the rock sample (8); A monitoring unit for observing the internal particle flow condition of the rock sample (8) is further arranged in the space formed between the support steel piece (20) and the transparent acrylic plate (23).

2. A visualization device for simulating the flow of particles under water and sand inrush conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The monitoring unit includes a placement table (10) fixed transversely on both ends of the support steel piece (20), the placement table (10) is provided with a plurality of vertical sliding rails (9) and horizontal sliding rails (12), a plurality of movable sliding blocks are respectively connected on the vertical sliding rails (9) and the horizontal sliding rails (12) in a sliding manner, a camera (7) is arranged on the sliding blocks, and a light source (22) and a power supply (21) are further arranged on the placement table (10).

3. A visualization device for simulating the flow of particles under water and sand inrush conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein, A water-blocking rubber ring (17) is arranged between the fixing kit (5) and the cylinder housing (3).

4. A visualization device for simulating the flow of particles under water and sand inrush conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The water inlet (1) is connected with water body providing device and corresponding water pressure change detection device, which provides monitoring conditions for fracture closure or expansion seepage pressure change of rock sample (8) under confining pressure; The water outlet (19) is connected with analytical balance device to monitor water flow and sand particle weight change.

5. A visualization device for simulating the flow of particles under water and sand inrush conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The two ends of the transparent acrylic plate (23) are glued to the inner wall of the supporting steel piece (20) by epoxy resin.

6. A visualization device for simulating the flow of particles under water and sand inrush conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The oil inlet (6) is connected with oil injection system to inject oil into the oil storage cavity (14), and the oil outlet (13) is connected with oil storage tank.

7. A visualization device for simulating the flow of particles under water and sand inrush conditions as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The thickness of the compression ring steel piece (16) is less than the total thickness of the adjacent rubber ring (4), which prevents the leakage of seepage water under external pressure.

8. A method of using the visualization device for simulating the flow of particles under water and sand inrush conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The method comprises the following steps: S1, before the experiment starts, the rock sample (8) and weakly cemented sandstone (15) are sampled and made on the spot, and are respectively placed in the upper part of the transparent acrylic plate (23) and the receiving steel ring (18); S2, water is introduced through the water inlet (1), and the water flow to the weakly cemented sandstone (15) position will soak the weakly cemented sandstone (15) to cause sandstone disintegration, and the sand particles are carried into the fracture by the water, and then flow to the outlet, part of the sand particles will be taken out, and part of the sand particles will be left in the fracture; S3, oil injection and pressure setting are carried out through the oil storage cavity (14), the rubber sleeve (11) is determined to extrude the internal rock sample (8), and confining pressure is provided; S4, the camera (7) and the light source (22) on the placing table (10) are turned on to work, and the whole process of sand particle flow in the rock sample (8) is monitored and recorded; S5, the water flowing out of the water outlet (19) is received, weighed and sand particles are collected to judge the feedback mechanism between seepage pressure and sand particle plugging of the fracture; S6, during the whole simulation process, the water body collected through the water inlet (1) and the water outlet (19) and the seepage pressure in the seepage process are collected, the collection frequency depends on the support of field data, and the data performance is explained and evidence supported through the internal visualization process.

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