Light assembly, display device, diffusion element, and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical assembly, display equipment, a diffusion element and a vehicle, relates to the field of light and solves the problem of glare of the diffusion element. According to the specific scheme, the optical assembly comprises a first linear polarizer, a phase modulation film and a diffusion element. The first linear polarizer emits polarized light, the phase modulation film comprises a first modulation part and a second modulation part, and the product of the refractive index and the thickness of the second modulation part is smaller than the product of the refractive index and the thickness of the first modulation part. The polarization directions of the polarized light entering the first modulation part and the light reflected by the diffusion element and penetrating through the first modulation part are perpendicular to each other; polarization directions of the polarized light entering the second modulation part and the light reflected by the diffusion element and penetrating through the second modulation part are perpendicular to each other. Through the size relation of the products of the refractive indexes and the thicknesses of the first modulation part and the second modulation part, unequal phase differences caused by different incident angles of light rays incident to different positions of the phase modulation film are corrected. The extinction effect of the first linearly polarized light is increased, and glare is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of light, and in particular, to optical components, display devices, diffusion elements, and vehicles. Background Art

[0002] The brightness of the light emitted from the light-emitting side of the diffuser is evenly distributed. When ambient light (such as sunlight) shines on the light-emitting surface of the diffuser, part of the ambient light will be reflected by the diffuser to the light-emitting side and then enter the human eye, causing glare and affecting the user experience. Summary of the invention

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide an optical component, a display device, a diffusion element, and a vehicle, which solve the problem that the diffusion element causes glare to the user.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, this application adopts the following technical solution.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an optical component. The optical component includes a first linear polarizer, a phase modulator film, and a diffusion element. The first linear polarizer is used to emit polarized light. The phase modulator film includes a first modulation portion and a second modulation portion. The first modulation portion is farther away from the edge of the phase modulator film than the second modulation portion. The product of the refractive index and thickness of the second modulation portion is smaller than the product of the refractive index and thickness of the first modulation portion. The diffusion element is used to reflect a portion of light from the phase modulator film; and is also used to transmit another portion of light from the phase modulator film. Among them, the polarization directions of the polarized light incident on the first modulation portion and the light reflected by the diffusion element and transmitted through the first modulation portion are perpendicular to each other; the polarization directions of the polarized light incident on the second modulation portion and the light reflected by the diffusion element and transmitted through the second modulation portion are perpendicular to each other. When the polarized light is incident on the phase modulator film, the closer to the edge of the phase modulator film, the larger the incident angle of the light. Since the first modulation portion is farther away from the edge of the phase modulator film than the second modulation portion, the incident angle of the polarized light incident on the first modulation portion is smaller than the incident angle of the polarized light incident on the second modulation portion. Because the phase modulation magnitude of the phase modulator film on the first polarized light is positively correlated with the incident angle of the first polarized light, and is positively correlated with the product of the refractive index and thickness of the phase modulator film. Therefore, the product of the refractive index and thickness of the second modulator is smaller than the product of the refractive index and thickness of the first modulator, which can correct the different phase modulation magnitudes caused by the incident angle of the polarized light incident on the first modulator is smaller than the incident angle of the polarized light incident on the second modulator. Make the phases of the polarized light emitted by the first modulator and the polarized light emitted by the second modulator equal. And because the reflected light does not change the phase of the light. The phases of the light reflected by the diffuser and passing through the first modulator and the light reflected by the diffuser and passing through the first modulator are equal. If the phases are equal, the polarization directions are the same. Since the light is reversible, the light passing through the first modulation part or the light passing through the second modulation part can propagate to the first linear polarizer in the reverse direction of the propagation direction of the polarized light, because the polarization directions of the incident polarized light of the first modulation part and the light reflected by the diffusion element and passing through the first modulation part are perpendicular to each other, and the light reflected by the diffusion element and passing through the first modulation part is shielded by the first linear polarizer when it propagates to the first linear polarizer. Similarly, the light reflected by the diffusion element and passing through the second modulation part is shielded by the first linear polarizer when it propagates to the first linear polarizer. The problem that the first linear polarizer cannot well shield the light passing through the first modulation part and the light passing through the second modulation part due to the phase difference or different polarization directions is solved, the glare problem caused by the light leakage of the first linear polarizer is improved, and the user experience is improved. In addition, because the diffusion element is also used to transmit another part of the light from the phase modulation film, since the optical path is reversible, the light can pass through the diffusion element, the phase modulation film and the first linear polarized light in the reverse direction of the aforementioned other part of the light and be emitted and received (for example, enter the viewer's eyes). For example, circularly polarized light carrying image information can pass through the diffusion element, the phase modulation film and the first linear polarized light in sequence and enter the viewer's eyes.Furthermore, the ambient light reflected by the diffusion element will not enter the eyes of the viewer after being shielded by the first linear polarizer, thereby solving the glare problem.

[0006] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable manners, the thickness of the first modulation portion is equal to the thickness of the second modulation portion; the refractive index of the first modulation portion is greater than the refractive index of the second modulation portion. Thus, the product of the thickness and the refractive index of the first modulation portion is greater than the product of the thickness and the refractive index of the second modulation portion. The phases of the polarized light passing through the first modulation portion and the polarized light passing through the second modulation portion are equal.

[0007] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable ways, the refractive index of the first modulation part is equal to the refractive index of the second modulation part. The thickness of the first modulation part is greater than the thickness of the second modulation part. If the refractive index of the first modulation part is equal to the refractive index of the second modulation part, the first modulation part and the second modulation part can be made of the same material, which can reduce the process cost. In addition, the first modulation part and the second modulation part are made of the same material, which can reduce the internal stress between the first modulation part and the second modulation part and improve the mechanical properties of the phase modulation film.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable methods, the thickness of the second modulation part gradually increases along the edge direction away from the phase modulation film, and the maximum thickness of the second modulation part is less than the minimum thickness of the first modulation part. When polarized light is incident on the phase modulation film, the closer to the edge of the phase modulation film, the greater the incident angle of the light. Along the edge direction away from the phase modulation film, the thickness of the second modulation part gradually increases, which can correct the gradual decrease in the phase modulation size caused by the gradual increase in the incident angle along the edge direction of the back phase modulation film. The phase modulation size and phase difference of the light incident on different positions of the second modulation part are equal. When the light is projected onto the first linear polarizer, the light reflected by the diffusion element and passing through different positions of the second modulation part can be shielded by the first linear polarizer, thereby improving the extinction performance.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the optical component further includes: a third modulation portion, the second modulation portion is further away from the edge of the phase modulation film relative to the third modulation portion; the product of the refractive index and thickness of the third modulation portion is less than the product of the refractive index and thickness of the second modulation portion; wherein the polarization directions of the polarized light incident on the third modulation portion and the light reflected by the diffusion element and passing through the third modulation portion are perpendicular to each other. Similar to the relationship between the first modulation portion and the second modulation portion, the light reflected by the diffusion element and passing through the third modulation portion and the light reflected by the diffusion element and passing through the second modulation portion can both be shielded by the first linear polarizer to improve the extinction effect.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable manners, the third modulation unit is arranged side by side with the second modulation unit. In this way, the light incident on the third modulation unit and the light incident on the second modulation unit can both be phase modulated, thereby preventing ambient light from passing between the second modulation unit and the third modulation unit without being phase modulated and thus unable to be extinguished.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable methods, the diffusion element includes a substrate and a plurality of diffusion particles, the substrate is connected to the side of the phase modulation film away from the first linear polarizer, and the diffusion particles are connected to the side of the substrate away from the phase modulation film; the refractive index of the phase modulation film is equal to the refractive index of the substrate, and the diffusion particles are used to reflect a portion of the light from the substrate; and also to transmit another portion of the light from the substrate. Because the refractive index of the phase modulation film is equal to the refractive index of the substrate, and the substrate is connected to the side of the phase modulation film away from the first linear polarizer. The transmission direction of polarized light in the phase modulation film and the substrate is also unchanged. The diffusion particles reflect a portion of the light from the substrate, and the portion of the light is transmitted to the first linear polarizer after passing through the first modulation section or the second modulation section. Since the first modulation section and the second modulation section modulate the phase of the portion of the light to be perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarized light, the portion of the light is shielded by the first linear polarizer, thereby improving the extinction effect.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable ways, the material of the phase modulator film is the same as the material of the substrate. Thus, the phase modulator film and the substrate have the same refractive index. The transmission direction of polarized light in the phase modulator film and the substrate is the same. In addition, the phase modulator film is connected to the substrate, and the phase modulator film and the substrate are made of the same material, which reduces the internal stress between the phase modulator film and the substrate and improves the mechanical properties between the phase modulator film and the substrate.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable manners, the first modulation film and the second modulation film are arranged side by side. In this way, the light incident on the first modulation film and the light incident on the second modulation film can both be phase modulated, thereby preventing ambient light from passing between the first modulation film and the second modulation film without being phase modulated and thus unable to be extinguished.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some achievable manners, the material of the first modulation part is SiO2. SiO2 has good light transmittance and can reduce the loss of polarized light in the phase modulation film. SiO2 has high mechanical strength and can accurately set the thickness of the first modulation part and the second modulation part to reduce errors.

[0015] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable methods, the optical component further includes: a quarter wave plate and a second linear polarizer, which are located on a side of the diffusion element away from the phase modulation film; the second linear polarizer is located on a side of the quarter wave plate away from the diffusion element; the polarization direction of the light emitted by the quarter wave plate is perpendicular to that of the second linear polarizer. Because the light emitted by the quarter wave plate is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second linear polarizer, the second linear polarizer can shield the light emitted by the quarter wave plate, thereby preventing the light from passing through the second linear polarizer and causing damage to other components (such as an optical machine).

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the optical component further includes: a first reflecting element. The first reflecting element is used to reflect the polarized light to the phase modulating film. The first reflecting element can change the transmission direction of the polarized light, reduce the spatial distance between the first linear polarizer and the phase modulating film, and increase the integration of the optical component.

[0017] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the optical component further includes: a second reflecting element, the second reflecting element being used to reflect the polarized light from the first reflecting element to the phase modulating film. The second reflecting element changes the transmission direction of the polarized light, reduces the spatial distance between the first linear polarizer and the phase modulating film, and increases the integration of the optical component.

[0018] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the optical component further includes: a housing, the housing including a box body, a cover body and a light-transmitting portion, the box body and the cover body are connected, the light-transmitting portion is connected to the box body or the cover body, the box body, the cover body and the light-transmitting portion are jointly arranged to form a receiving cavity, the first linear polarizer, the phase modulator film and the diffuser are all located in the receiving cavity; the light-transmitting portion is used to project light onto the first linear polarizer. The box body, the cover body and the light-transmitting portion can prevent dust and the like from entering the receiving cavity and affecting the performance of the first linear polarizer, the phase modulator film and the diffuser. In addition, the provision of the light-transmitting portion allows the light in the receiving cavity to be emitted from the light-transmitting portion.

[0019] In combination with the first aspect, in some achievable manners, the first linear polarizer is connected to the light-transmitting portion, so that ambient light with a polarization direction different from that of the first linear polarizer is blocked outside the receiving cavity, thereby preventing the light from entering the receiving cavity and increasing the temperature in the receiving cavity, thereby affecting the performance of the optical component.

[0020] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a display device. The display device includes an optical machine and any one of the optical components provided in the first aspect above, the optical machine is used to emit circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light passes through the diffusion element, the phase modulation film, and the first linear polarizer in sequence. Since the optical component has a good effect of eliminating ambient light, it is obvious that the display device also has a good effect of eliminating ambient light, avoiding glare and increasing the user experience. In addition, the circularly polarized light passes through the diffusion element, the phase modulation film, and the first linear polarizer in sequence, and the phase modulation film and the first linear polarizer will not shield the circularly polarized light, and the use efficiency of the circularly polarized light is guaranteed.

[0021] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle. The vehicle comprises: a frame and any one of the display devices provided in the second aspect, wherein the display device is connected to the frame. Since the display device has an excellent anti-glare effect, the anti-glare performance of the display device can enhance the driving experience when the vehicle is in use.

[0022] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a diffusion element. The diffusion element includes a substrate, a phase modulation film, and a plurality of diffusion particles. The phase modulation film is connected to the substrate; the phase modulation film includes a first modulation portion and a second modulation portion, the first modulation portion is farther away from the edge of the phase modulation film than the second modulation portion; the product of the refractive index and the thickness of the second modulation portion is less than the product of the refractive index and the thickness of the first modulation portion. The diffusion particles are connected to a side of the substrate away from the phase modulation film.

[0023] In combination with the fourth aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the first modulation unit and the second modulation unit are arranged side by side.

[0024] In combination with the fourth aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the refractive index of the first modulation portion is equal to the refractive index of the second modulation portion, and the thickness of the first modulation portion is greater than the thickness of the second modulation portion.

[0025] In combination with the fourth aspect, in some achievable embodiments, the refractive index of the substrate is equal to the refractive index of the first modulation portion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1a A schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle.

[0027] Figure 1b Schematic diagram of the optical path structure of an AR-HUD.

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the optical machine and optical components provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of a diffuser and a refractive film in the related art.

[0030] Figure 4a A schematic diagram of the structure of a portion of an optical component provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 4b A schematic diagram of the structure of another phase modulation film provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] In the figure: 01-diffuser; 02-refractive film; 20-vehicle; 21-vehicle frame; 10-display device; 11-optical machine; 22-windshield; 100-optical component; 101-first polarized light; 1011-first sub-beam; 1012-second sub-beam; 1013-third sub-beam; 1014-fourth sub-beam; 102-second polarized light; 103-third polarized light; 104-fourth polarized light; 105-fifth polarized light; 106-sixth polarized light; 107-seventh polarized light; 108 -eighth polarized light; 109-ninth polarized light; 110-first linear polarizer; 120-phase modulation film; 121-first modulation section; 122-second modulation section; 123-third modulation section; 130-diffusing element; 131-substrate; 132-diffusing particles; 140-quarter wave plate; 150-second linear polarizer; 160-first reflecting element; 170-second reflecting element; 180-housing; 181-box body; 182-cover body; 183-light-transmitting part; 184-accommodating cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] In the following, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0035] In addition, in the present application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation of the components in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts. They are used for relative description and clarification, and they can change accordingly according to the changes in the orientation of the components in the drawings.

[0036] Figure 1a FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 20. Figure 1aAs shown, the vehicle 20 includes a frame 21 and a display device 10, and the display device 10 is connected to the frame 21. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the relative position of the frame 21 and the display device 10. In some embodiments, the display device 10 is integrated into a head up display (HUD), and the HUD can project navigation information, instrument information, etc. into the driver's front field of view to prevent the driver from looking down at this information, thereby affecting driving safety. The image projected by the HUD is reflected by the windshield to form a virtual image outside the vehicle. Among them, the types of HUD include but are not limited to a combined head-up display system (combiner-HUD, C-HUD), a windshield head-up display (windshield-HUD, W-HUD) and an augmented reality head-up display system (augmented reality HUD, AR-HUD).

[0037] The embodiment of the present application is described by taking the display device 10 integrated into an AR-HUD as an example. Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of an AR-HUD. Figure 1b The display device 10 includes an optical engine 11 and an optical component 100. The light emitted by the optical engine 11 enters the optical component 100, and the light propagates in the optical component 100 and then emits. The light emitted by the optical component 100 is projected onto the inner surface of the windshield 22, and is reflected by the windshield 22 and enters the human eye, thereby realizing augmented reality display.

[0038] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the structure of the optical engine 11. Exemplarily, the optical engine 11 includes a picture generation unit (PGU). For example, the optical engine 11 includes a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) imaging chip, and the polarization state of the LCoS imaging chip is circularly polarized light.

[0039] like Figure 1b As shown by the solid arrow, the light emitted by the optical engine 11 passes through the optical component 100 and enters the human eye. Figure 1b As shown by the dashed arrow, since the light path is reversible, ambient light (such as sunlight) will propagate into the optical component 100, and part of the ambient light entering the optical component 100 will be reflected and enter the human eye, causing glare and affecting the user experience. Therefore, the optical component 100 needs to reduce glare.

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the optical engine 11 and the optical component 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2In the embodiment, the optical component 100 includes a first linear polarizer 110, a phase modulator film 120 and a diffuser 130, which are arranged in sequence along the propagation path of the light. The phase modulator film 120 is located on the light-emitting side of the first linear polarizer 110, and the diffuser 130 is located on the light-emitting side of the phase modulator film 120. The aforementioned light-emitting side refers to the side from which the ambient light is emitted. Figure 2 As shown by the dashed arrows, the ambient light passes through the first linear polarizer 110 and the phase modulation film 120 in sequence and then is projected onto the diffusion element 130. The ambient light includes edge light and principal light. The principal light is the light emitted by the object point and passes through the center of the aperture stop. The edge light is the light passing through the edge of the aperture stop. The principal light of the ambient light is projected onto the midpoint O of the phase modulation film 120, and the edge light of the ambient light is gradually spread out along the x-direction. The farther the area is from point O along the x-direction, the greater the incident angle of the edge light projected onto the area. The phase modulation film 120 modulates the phase of the light, and the magnitude of the modulated phase is related to the thickness and refractive index of the phase modulation film 120. The thickness of the aforementioned phase modulation film 120 is the dimension of the phase modulation film 120 along the y-direction. The y-direction is perpendicular to the x-direction.

[0041] Exemplarily, the ambient light passes through the first linear polarizer 110 and emits the first polarized light 101. The first polarized light 101 is phase-modulated by the phase modulator 120 and then incident on the diffusion element 130. The diffusion element 130 transmits part of the light and reflects part of the light. The reflected part of the light passes through the phase modulator 120 again and is phase-modulated again and then transmitted to the first linear polarizer 110. The phase modulator 120 phase-modulates the aforementioned part of the reflected light twice to change its polarization direction. The changed polarization direction is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the first polarized light 101 and is absorbed by the first linear polarizer 110, thereby improving the aforementioned glare problem.

[0042] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a diffuser 01 and a refractive film 02 of the related art. Figure 3 As shown, the diffuser 01 and the refractive film 02 are connected. The incident light passes through the refractive film 02 and then propagates to the diffuser 01. The diffuser 01 transmits part of the light and reflects part of the light. The part of the light reflected by the diffuser 01 passes through the refractive film 02 again to form the outgoing light. The polarization direction of the incident light is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the outgoing light. A polarizer can be set on the light-emitting side of the outgoing light to absorb the outgoing light to achieve the effect of extinction.

[0043] Figure 3In the example, the incident light includes the main light and the edge light, and the incident angle of the main light incident on the refractive film 02 is smaller than the incident angle of the edge light incident on the refractive film 02. The path length of the main light propagating in the refractive film 02 is L2, and the path length of the edge light propagating in the refractive film 02 is L1. Because the incident angle of the main light is smaller than the incident angle of the edge light, it is obvious that L1 is greater than L2. The phase modulation magnitude of the main light by the refractive film 02 is equal to the product of L1 and the refractive index of the refractive film 02. The phase modulation magnitude of the edge light by the refractive film 02 is equal to the product of L2 and the refractive index of the refractive film 02. Obviously, the phase modulation magnitude of the edge light by the refractive film 02 is different from the phase modulation magnitude of the main light, resulting in a phase difference after modulation. Because the light reflected by the diffuser 01 needs to pass through the refractive film 02 again, the aforementioned phase difference is amplified again. In this way, the phase difference between the main light and the edge light in the outgoing light is larger, and the polarization direction difference is also larger. That is, the polarization directions of the main light and the edge light in the outgoing light are different. When the outgoing light propagates to the same polarizer, part of the outgoing light is absorbed by the polarizer, and the remaining part passes through the polarizer. The light passing through the polarizer will cause glare, affecting the use.

[0044] Therefore, the embodiment of the present application provides an optical component 100 , which can improve the glare problem caused by the light reflected by the diffusion element 130 .

[0045] Figure 4a A schematic diagram of a partial structure of an optical component 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4a In the embodiment, the first linear polarizer 110 emits the first polarized light 101, and the first polarized light 101 is transmitted through the phase modulator film 120 and then transmitted to the diffuser 130. The diffuser 130 reflects a portion of the light from the phase modulator film 120 and transmits another portion of the light from the phase modulator film 120. The light reflected by the diffuser 130 is transmitted through the phase modulator film 120 again and then transmitted to the first polarized light 101.

[0046] The phase modulation film 120 includes a first modulation portion 121 and a second modulation portion 122. The first modulation portion 121 and the second modulation portion 122 are distributed along the x direction, and the first modulation portion 121 is farther away from the edge of the phase modulation film 120 than the second modulation portion 122. In other words, the first modulation portion 121 is closer to the geometric midpoint O of the phase modulation film 120 along the x direction than the second modulation portion 122. The product of the refractive index and the thickness of the first modulation portion 121 is greater than the product of the refractive index and the thickness of the second modulation portion 122. The thickness of the first modulation portion 121 refers to the size of the first modulation portion 121 along the y direction, and similarly, the thickness of the second modulation portion 122 refers to the size of the second modulation portion 122 along the y direction.

[0047] The polarization directions of the first polarized light 101 incident on the first modulation section 121 and the light reflected by the diffusion element 130 and transmitted through the first modulation section 121 are perpendicular to each other. The polarization directions of the polarized light incident on the second modulation section 122 and the light reflected by the diffusion element 130 and transmitted through the second modulation section 122 are perpendicular to each other. Since the first polarized light 101 is emitted from the first linear polarizer 110, the polarization direction of the first polarized light 101 is the same as the polarization direction of the first linear polarizer 110, and the polarization direction of the light reflected by the diffusion element 130 and transmitted through the first modulation section 121 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the first linear polarizer 110. The light reflected by the diffusion element 130 and transmitted through the first modulation section 121 is shielded by the first linear polarizer 110 after being transmitted through the first linear polarizer 110. Similarly, the light reflected by the diffusion element 130 and transmitted through the second modulation section 122 is shielded by the first linear polarizer 110 after being transmitted through the first linear polarizer 110.

[0048] For the convenience of description, the first polarized light 101 incident on the first modulation part 121 and reflected by the diffusion element 130 is defined as the first sub-beam 1011, and the first polarized light 101 incident on the second modulation part 122 and reflected by the diffusion element 130 is defined as the second sub-beam 1012. The light incident on the phase modulation film 120 and transmitted by the diffusion element 130 is defined as the third sub-beam 1013. Exemplarily, the first polarized light 101 includes the first sub-beam 1011, the second sub-beam 1012 and the third sub-beam 1013. It can be understood that the polarization directions of the first sub-beam 1011, the second sub-beam 1012 and the third sub-beam 1013 are the same. After the first sub-beam 1011 and the second sub-beam 1012 pass through the phase modulation film 120, they are reflected by the diffusion element 130 and then transmitted to the first linear polarizer 110 again to be intercepted to achieve the effect of extinction. The third sub-beam 1013 passes through the phase modulation film 120 and the diffusion element 130 in sequence.

[0049] Figure 4a In the example of FIG. 1 , the first modulation portion 121 and the second modulation portion 122 are arranged side by side so that as much ambient light as possible is phase-modulated by the phase modulation film 120 . In other embodiments, there may be a gap between the first modulation portion 121 and the second modulation portion 122 .

[0050] Exemplarily, the first sub-beam 1011 passes through the first modulation unit 121, and the first modulation unit 121 converts the first sub-beam 1011 into the second polarized light 102. It can be understood that the first sub-beam 1011 and the second polarized light 102 are the same beam, and the polarization directions of the two are different. The subsequent related descriptions are similar and will not be repeated here. The second sub-beam 1012 passes through the second modulation unit 122, and the second modulation unit 122 converts the second sub-beam 1012 into the third polarized light 103. The third sub-beam 1013 passes through the first modulation unit 121, and the first modulation unit 121 converts the third sub-beam 1013 into the fourth polarized light 104, or the third sub-beam 1013 passes through the second modulation unit 122, and the second modulation unit 122 converts the third sub-beam 1013 into the fourth polarized light 104.

[0051] The second polarized light 102, the third polarized light 103, and the fourth polarized light 104 continue to propagate to the diffusion element 130, which has light transmission and reflection functions. The diffusion element 130 transmits the fourth polarized light 104, reflects the second polarized light 102 and projects it to the first modulation unit 121, and reflects the third polarized light 103 and projects it to the second modulation unit 122.

[0052] The second polarized light 102 passes through the first modulation unit 121, and the first modulation unit 121 converts the second polarized light 102 into a fifth polarized light 105 and projects it to the first linear polarizer 110 (eg, Figure 2 The third polarized light 103 passes through the second modulation unit 122, and the second modulation unit 122 converts the third polarized light 103 into a sixth polarized light 106 and projects it to the first linear polarizer 110 (as shown). Figure 2 The polarization direction of the sixth polarized light 106 and the polarization direction of the fifth polarized light 105 are both perpendicular to the polarization direction of the first polarized light 101.

[0053] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the ratio of the power of the third sub-beam 1013 to the power of the first sub-beam 1011. It can be set according to the transmittance of the diffusion element 130. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the ratio of the power of the third sub-beam 1013 to the power of the second sub-beam 1012.

[0054] Since the optical path is reversible, the optical path from the optical machine 11 (such as Figure 2The light of the fourth polarized light 104 can sequentially pass through the diffusion element 130, the phase modulation film 120 and the first linear polarizer 110 in the reverse direction of the fourth polarized light 104. The reverse direction of the fourth polarized light 104 refers to the propagation direction opposite to the direction of the fourth polarized light 104. Since the phase modulation film 120 and the first linear polarizer 110 do not absorb circularly polarized light, after the circularly polarized light sequentially passes through the diffusion element 130, the phase modulation film 120 and the first linear polarizer 110, the circularly polarized light can be received on the side of the first linear polarizer 110 away from the phase modulation film 120. For example, Figure 2 After the optical machine 11 emits circularly polarized light, the human eye can receive the light.

[0055] When the first polarized light 101 passes through the phase modulator film 120, the main light of the first polarized light 101 is incident on the phase modulator film 120 near the geometric midpoint O of the phase modulator film 120 along the x direction, and the edge light of the first polarized light 101 is distributed from the geometric midpoint O to both sides along the x direction. The farther away from the main light, the greater the difference between the incident angle of the edge light and the incident angle of the main light. In other words, the closer to the edge of the phase modulator film 120, the greater the incident angle of the light incident on the position. Since the first modulator 121 is farther away from the edge of the phase modulator film 120 than the second modulator 122. Then the incident angle of the first sub-beam 1011 incident on the first modulator 121 is smaller than the incident angle of the second sub-beam 1012 incident on the second modulator 122.

[0056] When the first polarized light 101 passes through the phase modulation film 120 , the phase modulated by the phase modulation film 120 is positively correlated with the incident angle and the refractive index of the phase modulation film 120 .

[0057] like Figure 4a As shown, the phase magnitude of the first sub-beam 1011 modulated by the first modulator 121 is equal to n1*h1 / sin(α1), where n1 is the refractive index of the first modulator 121, h1 is the thickness of the first modulator 121, and α1 is the complementary angle of the incident angle of the first sub-beam 1011. The phase magnitude of the second sub-beam 1012 modulated by the second modulator 122 is equal to n2*h2 / sin(α2), where n2 is the refractive index of the second modulator 122, h2 is the thickness of the second modulator 122, and α2 is the complementary angle of the incident angle of the second sub-beam 1012.

[0058] Since the incident angle of the first sub-beam 1011 is smaller than the incident angle of the second sub-beam 1012, α1 is greater than α2, and sin(α1) is greater than sin(α2). Because the product of the refractive index and thickness of the first modulator 121 (n1*h1) is greater than the product of the refractive index and thickness of the second modulator 122 (n2*h2), the difference between n1*h1 / sin(α1) and n2*h2 / sin(α2) is smaller. The first sub-beam 1011 is converted into the second polarized light 102 by the first modulator 121. The second sub-beam 1012 is converted into the third polarized light 103 by the second modulator 122. The phase difference between the second polarized light 102 and the first sub-beam 1011 is equal to the phase difference between the third polarized light 103 and the second sub-beam 1012. Similarly, the first modulation unit 121 converts the second polarized light 102 into the fifth polarized light 105, and the second modulation unit 122 converts the third polarized light 103 into the sixth polarized light 106. The phase difference between the fifth polarized light 105 and the second polarized light 102 is equal to the phase difference between the sixth polarized light 106 and the third polarized light 103. The first sub-beam 1011 and the second sub-beam 1012 both come from the first linear polarizer 110, and the phases of the first sub-beam 1011 and the second sub-beam 1012 are equal. Therefore, the phase difference between the fifth polarized light 105 and the sixth polarized light 106 approaches zero. The polarization direction of the fifth polarized light 105 is the same as that of the sixth polarized light 106, and because the polarization direction of the fifth polarized light 105 and the polarization direction of the sixth polarized light 106 are both perpendicular to the polarization direction of the first polarized light 101, when the fifth polarized light 105 and the sixth polarized light 106 propagate to the first linear polarizer 110, they are shielded by the first linear polarizer 110 to achieve extinction. In the embodiment where the optical assembly 100 is used for HUD, it can prevent ambient light from entering the driver's eyes through the first linear polarizer 110, thereby improving driving experience and driving safety performance.

[0059] Thus, even if the first polarized light 101 has different incident angles when entering the phase modulator film 120, it can be extinguished by the first linear polarizer 110 after being reflected by the diffusion element 130, thereby avoiding the problem of glare. Moreover, the optical component 100 does not affect the working light (e.g., the circularly polarized light emitted by the optical machine 11) that sequentially passes through the diffusion element 130, the phase modulator film 120, and the first linear polarizer 110.

[0060] The embodiments of the present application do not limit the polarization direction of the first polarized light 101. In some embodiments, the first polarized light 101 is p (German: parallel) light, and p light is polarized in the plane formed by the normal line of the incident light. The sixth polarized light 106 and the fifth polarized light 105 are s (German: senkrecht) light, and s light is polarized perpendicular to the incident plane. Alternatively, the sixth polarized light 106 and the fifth polarized light 105 are p light, and the first polarized light 101 is s light. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the polarization direction of the first polarized light 101 is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the plane formed by the normal line of the incident light.

[0061] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of the first linear polarizer 110. For example, it can be a wire grid polarizer or an absorption polarizer. Among them, the absorption polarizer can be a dye-based polarizer.

[0062] As mentioned above, Figure 4a As shown, the propagation path of the first sub-beam 1011 is: passing through the first modulation section 121, being reflected by the diffusion element 130, and passing through the first modulation section 121 again to obtain the fifth polarized light 105. The polarization direction of the fifth polarized light 105 and the polarization direction of the first sub-beam 1011 are perpendicular to each other. Therefore, the first modulation section 121 realizes the function of a quarter wave plate for the first sub-beam 1011. The phase compensation magnitude of the first modulation section 121 for the first sub-beam 1011 is equal to an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength of the first sub-beam 1011, so that the first modulation section 121 has a 1 / 4 phase compensation function for the first sub-beam 1011. In other words, n1*h1 / sin(α1) is equal to an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength of the first sub-beam 1011. The thickness of the first modulation section 121 can be set according to the refractive index of the first modulation section 121, the wavelength of the first sub-beam 1011, and the magnitude of n1*h1 / sin(α1).

[0063] In an embodiment where the first sub-beam 1011 includes multiple single-wavelength lights of different wavelengths, the refractive index n1 of the first modulation unit 121 can be selected from the refractive index of the single-wavelength light whose wavelength is the median of the multiple wavelengths. For example, in an embodiment where the ambient light is sunlight, the refractive index of the first modulation unit 121 can be the refractive index at any wavelength of 430nm to 670nm. For example, the refractive index of the first modulation unit 121 is the refractive index at a wavelength of 550nm. In this way, the difference in the magnitude of the phase modulation of each single-wavelength light in the first sub-beam 1011 by the first modulation unit 121 is small. The polarization direction of each single-wavelength light of the second polarized light 102 obtained after modulation is closer to the same.

[0064] Similarly, the second modulation unit 122 realizes the function of a quarter wave plate for the second sub-beam 1012. The phase compensation magnitude of the second modulation unit 122 for the second sub-beam 1012 is equal to an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength of the second sub-beam 1012, so that the second modulation unit 122 has a 1 / 4 phase compensation function for the second sub-beam 1012. n2*h2 / sin(α2) is equal to an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength of the second sub-beam 1012. Since the second sub-beam 1012 and the first sub-beam 1011 both come from the first linear polarizer 110, the wavelength of the second sub-beam 1012 is equal to the wavelength of the first sub-beam 1011. Accordingly, the thickness of the second modulation unit 122 can be set according to the refractive index of the second modulation unit 122, the wavelength of the second sub-beam 1012 and the size of n2*h2 / sin(α2).

[0065] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the relationship between the refractive index of the second modulation portion 122 and the refractive index of the first modulation portion 121. In some embodiments, the refractive index of the second modulation portion 122 is different from the refractive index of the first modulation portion 121. For example, the second modulation portion 122 and the first modulation portion 121 are made of different materials. In some embodiments, the refractive index of the second modulation portion 122 is the same as the refractive index of the first modulation portion 121. In this way, the first modulation portion 121 and the second modulation portion 122 can be made of the same material, which simplifies the process cost. In addition, if the materials of the first modulation portion 121 and the second modulation portion 122 are the same, the internal stress between the first modulation portion 121 and the second modulation portion 122 is smaller, and the mechanical properties are better.

[0066] Because (n1*h1) is greater than (n2*h2), in an embodiment where the refractive index of the second modulation portion 122 is equal to the refractive index of the first modulation portion 121 , the thickness h2 of the second modulation portion 122 is less than the thickness h1 of the first modulation portion 121 .

[0067] The present application embodiment does not limit the materials of the first modulation part 121 and the second modulation part 122. For example, the material of the first modulation part 121 is SiO2, which has a good light transmittance and can avoid the working light (such as Figure 2 In addition, SiO2 has a high strength, and it is easy to adjust the thickness of the first modulation part 121, so that the thickness of the first modulation part 121 is more accurate. Similarly, the material of the second modulation part 122 can be SiO2.

[0068] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the size ratio of the first modulation unit 121 and the second modulation unit 122 along the x direction. Exemplarily, the size ratio of the first modulation unit 121 and the second modulation unit 122 along the x direction is 0.5 to 2, for example, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, 1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 1.9 or 2, etc.

[0069] like Figure 4a As shown, in some embodiments, the phase modulation film 120 further includes a third modulation portion 123, and the second modulation portion 122 is further away from the edge of the phase modulation film 120 relative to the third modulation portion 123. The product of the thickness h3 of the third modulation portion 123 and the refractive index n3 of the third modulation portion 123 (n3*h3) is smaller than the product of the thickness of the second modulation portion 122 and the refractive index n2 (n2*h2).

[0070] Figure 4a In the example of FIG. 1 , the third modulation portion 123 is connected to the second modulation portion 122 at a side away from the first modulation portion 121. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, there may be a gap between the third modulation portion 123 and the second modulation portion 122.

[0071] The polarization directions of the first polarized light 101 incident on the third modulation unit 123 and the light reflected by the diffusion element 130 and transmitted through the third modulation unit 123 are perpendicular to each other. For ease of description, the first polarized light 101 incident on the third modulation unit 123 is defined as a fourth sub-beam 1014 .

[0072] The first polarized light 101 further includes a fourth sub-beam 1014. The third modulation unit 123 converts the fourth sub-beam 1014 into an eighth polarized light 108. The diffusion element 130 is used to reflect the eighth polarized light 108 and project it to the third modulation unit 123. The third modulation unit 123 converts the eighth polarized light 108 into a ninth polarized light 109 and projects it to the first linear polarizer 110 (e.g., Figure 2 As shown), the polarization direction of the ninth polarized light 109 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the first polarized light 101.

[0073] Since the third modulation section 123 is connected to the second modulation section 122 at a side away from the first modulation section 121, the third modulation section 123 is farther away from the midpoint O of the phase modulation film 120 along the x direction than the second modulation section 122. The fourth sub-beam 1014 incident on the third modulation section 123 is farther away from the principal ray than the second sub-beam 1012, and the incident angle of the fourth sub-beam 1014 is greater than the incident angle of the second sub-beam 1012. The complementary angle α3 of the incident angle of the fourth sub-beam 1014 is smaller than the complementary angle α2 of the incident angle of the second sub-beam 1012, and sin(α3) is smaller than sin(α2).

[0074] Since (n3*h3) is greater than (n2*h2), the difference between n2*h2 / sin(α2) and n3*h3 / sin(α3) is smaller and approaches zero. That is, the phase modulation magnitude of the fourth sub-beam 1014 by the third modulation unit 123 is close to the phase modulation magnitude of the second sub-beam 1012 by the second modulation unit 122. The phase difference between the ninth polarized light 109 and the fourth sub-beam 1014 is equal to the phase difference between the sixth polarized light 106 and the second sub-beam 1012. The phases of the second sub-beam 1012 and the fourth sub-beam 1014, both of which come from the first polarized light 101, are equal. Therefore, the ninth polarized light 109 and the sixth polarized light 106 are equal in phase and have the same polarization direction. When the ninth polarized light 109 and the sixth polarized light 106 are projected onto the first linear polarizer 110, both the ninth polarized light 109 and the sixth polarized light 106 can be shielded by the first linear polarizer 110, so as to prevent the ninth polarized light 109 and the sixth polarized light 106 from passing through the first linear polarizer 110 and entering the human eye to cause glare. In this way, by setting the relationship between the product of the refractive index and the thickness of the third modulation part 123 and the product of the refractive index and the thickness of the second modulation part 122, the difference in the magnitude of phase modulation caused by the difference between the incident angle of the fourth sub-beam 1014 and the incident angle of the second sub-beam 1012 can be corrected, so that both the ninth polarized light 109 and the sixth polarized light 106 can be intercepted by the first linear polarizer 110.

[0075] The material and structure of the third modulation unit 123 in the embodiment of the present application can be found in the description of the second modulation unit 122, which will not be repeated here. Accordingly, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the size ratio of the third modulation unit 123 and the second modulation unit 122 along the x direction, which can be found in the size ratio of the second modulation unit 122 and the first modulation unit 121 along the x direction.

[0076] Please refer again Figure 4a , when the first polarized light 101 is incident on the phase modulator film 120, the main light of the first polarized light 101 is near the geometric midpoint O in the x direction, and the farther away from the O point along the x direction, the greater the incident angle of the first polarized light 101 projected onto the phase modulator film 120. Along the x direction, the incident angles of the light rays that are equal in distance from the geometric midpoint O are equal.

[0077] In some embodiments, the phase modulation film 120 is symmetrically distributed about the geometric midpoint O, so that the phase modulation film 120 can correct the phase difference caused by different incident positions, and the first linear polarizer 110 can intercept polarized light emitted from different positions of the phase modulation film 120, thereby improving the extinction effect.

[0078] Since, along the x direction, the first polarized light 101 is incident to a position farther away from the geometric midpoint O, the incident angle gradually increases, so the product of the refractive index and the thickness of the phase modulation film 120 can gradually change. Figure 4b An exemplary description is given.

[0079] Figure 4b A schematic diagram of the structure of another phase modulation film 120 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4b and Figure 4a The difference between the phase modulation film 120 is the shape. Figure 4b , the product of the refractive index and thickness of the second modulation portion 122 gradually increases in a direction close to the first modulation portion 121. The maximum value of the product of the refractive index and thickness of the second modulation portion 122 is smaller than the minimum value of the product of the refractive index and thickness of the first modulation portion 121.

[0080] The incident angle of the second sub-beam 1012 gradually increases along the direction close to the first modulation section 121. Since the product of the refractive index and the thickness of the second modulation section 122 gradually increases, the difference between the magnitude of the phase modulation of the second sub-beam 1012 close to the first modulation section 121 and the magnitude of the phase modulation of the second sub-beam 1012 far from the first modulation section 121 is small. The phase difference of the third polarized light 103 emitted from different positions of the second modulation section 122 is small, and the polarization direction of the third polarized light 103 is almost the same. When the third polarized light 103 passes through the second modulation section 122 again and propagates to the first linear polarizer 110, the first linear polarizer 110 can shield all the light emitted from different positions of the second modulation section 122, thereby improving the extinction effect.

[0081] Similarly, in the direction approaching the geometric midpoint O, the product of the refractive index and the thickness of the first modulation portion 121 gradually increases, and the product of the refractive index and the thickness of the third modulation portion 123 gradually decreases.

[0082] Figure 4b In the embodiment, the refractive indexes of the first modulation portion 121, the second modulation portion 122 and the third modulation portion 123 are equal. The thickness of the second modulation portion 122 gradually increases in the direction close to the first modulation portion 121. In this way, the product of the refractive index and the thickness is adjusted by adjusting the thickness. Compared with adjusting the refractive index, the process of adjusting the thickness is simpler.

[0083] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the preparation process of the phase modulation film 120. For example, the phase modulation film 120 can be formed by a deposition process, or by a coating method.

[0084] Please refer again Figure 4a, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the connection relationship between the phase modulation film 120 and the diffusion element 130. In some embodiments, the phase modulation film 120 and the diffusion element 130 are independently provided, and the diffusion element 130 is located on the light emitting side of the phase modulation film 120. In other embodiments, the phase modulation film 120 and the diffusion element 130 are connected, so that during the process of assembling the dimming component 100, the diffusion element 130 and the phase modulation film 120 can be installed and adjusted together, reducing the difficulty of installation and adjustment.

[0085] The present embodiment does not limit the structure of the diffusion element 130. Figure 4a As shown, the diffusion element 130 includes a substrate 131 and a plurality of diffusion particles 132. The phase modulation film 120 is connected to the substrate 131, and the diffusion particles 132 are connected to the light emitting side of the substrate 131.

[0086] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the phase modulation film 120 and the refractive index of the substrate 131 are equal. The substrate 131 transmits the second polarized light 102, the third polarized light 103, and the fourth polarized light 104. The diffusion particles 132 reflect the second polarized light 102 and pass through the substrate 131 and the first modulation unit 121 again. The diffusion particles 132 reflect the third polarized light 103 and pass through the substrate 131 and the first modulation unit 121 again, and the diffusion particles 132 transmit the fourth polarized light 104. The diffusion particles 132 have the function of making light uniform. For example, light away from one side of the substrate 131 (e.g., Figure 2 The brightness of the light emitted by the optical engine 11 is more uniform after passing through the diffusion particles 132, and the diffusion particles 132 can increase the coverage range of the light and increase the visible range.

[0087] Since the refractive index of the substrate 131 is equal to the refractive index of the first modulation section 121, the first sub-beam 1011 has the same transmission direction in the substrate 131 and the first modulation section 121, and is reflected by the diffusion particle 132 when it is transmitted to the surface of the diffusion particle 132. Similarly, the second sub-beam 1012 has the same transmission direction in the substrate 131 and the second modulation section 122, and is reflected by the diffusion particle 132 when it is transmitted to the surface of the diffusion particle 132. When the second polarized light 102 and the third polarized light 103 are transmitted to the first linear polarizer 110, the shielding effect of the first linear polarizer 110 on the second polarized light 102 and the third polarized light 103 is further improved, thereby improving the extinction effect.

[0088] In other embodiments of the present application, the refractive index of the first modulation portion 121 and the refractive index of the substrate 131 may be different. For example, the refractive index of the substrate 131 is greater than the refractive index of the first modulation portion 121. The second polarized light 102 is reflected by the substrate 131 and then passes through the first modulation portion 121 again, and the third polarized light 103 is reflected by the substrate 131 and then passes through the second modulation portion 122 again. The fourth polarized light 104 passes through the substrate 131 and the diffusion particles 132.

[0089] The present embodiment does not limit the material of the substrate 131. For example, the material of the substrate 131 may be SiO 2. The present embodiment does not limit the material of the diffusion particles 132. For example, the material of the diffusion particles 132 includes at least one of polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate.

[0090] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the shapes of the plurality of diffusion particles 132. For example, the shapes and particle sizes of the plurality of diffusion particles 132 may be the same or different. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the arrangement of the plurality of diffusion particles 132, for example, the plurality of diffusion particles 132 may be arranged arbitrarily.

[0091] As mentioned above, the diffusion element 130 transmits the fourth polarized light 104 . In some embodiments, in order to prevent the fourth polarized light 104 from propagating to the optical engine 11 and causing damage to the optical engine 11 , the fourth polarized light 104 needs to be intercepted.

[0092] like Figure 4a As shown, the optical component 100 further includes a quarter wave plate 140 and a second linear polarizer 150, wherein the quarter wave plate 140 is located on the light exiting side of the diffusion element 130, and the second linear polarizer 150 is located on the light exiting side of the quarter wave plate 140. The aforementioned light exiting side refers to the light exiting side from which ambient light (such as sunlight) is emitted, and it can be understood that the light exiting side is opposite to the light emitted by the light exiting machine 11.

[0093] The fourth polarized light 104 passes through the diffusion element 130 and the quarter wave plate 140 in sequence and then emits the seventh polarized light 107. The polarization direction of the seventh polarized light 107 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second linear polarizer 150. As mentioned above, the second modulation unit 122 has a 1 / 4 phase compensation function for the second sub-beam 1012. Since the third sub-beam 1013 and the second sub-beam 1012 are both sub-beams of the first polarized light 101, the second modulation unit 122 also has a 1 / 4 phase compensation function for the third sub-beam 1013. After the third sub-beam 1013 passes through the quarter wave plate 140 again after being compensated by the 1 / 4 phase by the second modulation unit 122, the second modulation unit 122 and the quarter wave plate 140 together realize a 1 / 2 phase compensation function for the third sub-beam 1013. In this way, the polarization directions of the seventh polarized light 107 and the first polarized light 101 are perpendicular to each other. Since the polarization direction of the seventh polarized light 107 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second linear polarizer 150. When the seventh polarized light 107 enters the second linear polarizer 150, it is shielded by the second linear polarizer 150, so as to prevent the seventh polarized light 107 from passing through the second linear polarizer 150 and entering other structures to affect the performance of other structures. Figure 2 As shown), the performance of the chip in the optical engine 11 is affected.

[0094] Exemplarily, when the optical engine 11 (such as Figure 2 After the circularly polarized light is emitted from the optical machine 11 (as shown in the figure), the light in the circularly polarized light having the same polarization direction as the second linear polarizer 150 passes through the second linear polarizer 150, the quarter wave plate 140, the diffusion element 130 and the phase modulation film 120 in sequence. The quarter wave plate 140 and the phase modulation film 120 change the polarization direction of the light so that the polarization direction is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second linear polarizer 150. Furthermore, because the polarization direction of the second linear polarizer 150 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the first linear polarizer 110, the light that has passed through the phase modulation film 120 will pass through the first linear polarizer 110. In this way, when the optical machine 11 (as shown in the figure) Figure 2 After the circularly polarized light is emitted, at least part of the light will sequentially pass through the second linear polarizer 150, the quarter wave plate 140, the diffusion element 130, the phase modulation film 120 and the first linear polarizer 110 and finally reach the viewer's eyes.

[0095] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the structure of the second linear polarizer 150 , for example, it can be a wire grid polarizer or an absorption polarizer. Among them, the absorption polarizer can be a dye-based polarizer.

[0096] In some embodiments of the present application, in order to increase the integration of the optical component 100, such as Figure 2 As shown, the optical component 100 also includes a first reflective element 160. The first reflective element 160 is located on the light-emitting side of the first linear polarizer 110, and the first reflective element 160 is used to reflect the first sub-beam 1011 and project it to the first modulation section 121. The light-emitting side of the aforementioned first linear polarizer 110 refers to the side of the first linear polarizer 110 that emits ambient light. The first reflective element 160 is also used to reflect the second sub-beam 1012 and project it to the second modulation section 122, and the first reflective element 160 is also used to reflect the third sub-beam 1013 and project it to the first modulation section 121 or the second modulation section 122. The first reflective element 160 can change the transmission direction of the light between the first linear polarizer 110 and the phase modulation film 120, reduce the distance between the first linear polarizer 110 and the phase modulation film 120, and increase the integration of the optical component 100.

[0097] In addition, after being reflected by the first reflective element 160, the more dispersed the beam of the first polarized light 101 is, the greater the distance between the first sub-beam 1011 and the second sub-beam 1012 along the x direction is. The first modulator 121 and the second modulator 122 can be set according to the relative position of the second sub-beam 1012 and the first sub-beam 1011, so as to prevent part of the second sub-beam 1012 from entering the first modulator 121 with a larger product of the refractive index and the thickness, and to prevent part of the first sub-beam 1011 from entering the first modulator 121 with a smaller product of the refractive index and the thickness. This is conducive to accurately modulating the phases of the first sub-beam 1011 and the second sub-beam 1012. The first sub-beam 1011 is phase-modulated twice by the first modulator 121 to obtain the fifth polarized light 105, and the second sub-beam 1012 is phase-modulated twice by the second modulator 122 to obtain the sixth polarized light 106, so that the difference in polarization direction between the sixth polarized light 106 and the fifth polarized light 105 is smaller, which is conducive to being intercepted by the first linear polarizer 110 and improving the extinction effect.

[0098] In some embodiments, the optical component 100 further includes a second reflective element 170, which is located on the light-emitting side of the first reflective element 160, and is used to reflect the first sub-beam 1011 and project it to the first modulation section 121. The second reflective element 170 is also used to reflect the second sub-beam 1012 and project it to the second modulation section 122. Similarly, the provision of the second reflective element 170 can reduce the distance between the first linear polarizer 110 and the phase modulation film 120, thereby increasing the integration of the optical component 100. Similar to the function of the aforementioned first reflective element 160, the second reflective element 170 is located on the light-emitting side of the phase modulation film 120, and the distance between the first sub-beam 1011 and the second sub-beam 1012 along the x direction is increased. This is beneficial for the phase modulation film 120 to accurately modulate the phase of the first sub-beam 1011 and the second sub-beam 1012. The extinction effect of the first linear polarizer 110 is improved.

[0099] In some embodiments of the present application, the optical component 100 further includes a housing 180. The housing 180 includes a box body 181, a cover body 182 and a light-transmitting portion 183. The box body 181 is connected to the cover body 182, and the light-transmitting portion 183 is connected to the box body 181 or the cover body 182. The box body 181, the cover body 182 and the light-transmitting portion 183 are collectively arranged to form a receiving cavity 184. The first linear polarizer 110, the phase modulation film 120 and the diffusion element 130 are all located in the receiving cavity 184. The light-transmitting portion 183 is used to project light onto the first linear polarizer 110. The housing 180 has a dustproof function, which prevents dust and other impurities from entering the receiving cavity 184 and affecting the use of the first linear polarizer 110, the phase modulation film 120 and the diffusion element 130. In addition, the housing 180 has a dustproof function and allows light to pass through the light-transmitting portion 183 without affecting the optical path of the optical component 100.

[0100] In the embodiment where the light-transmitting portion 183 and the cover 182 are connected, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the connection method of the light-transmitting portion 183 and the cover 182. For example, the light-transmitting portion 183 and the cover 182 are connected as an integrally formed part. Alternatively, the light-transmitting portion 183 and the cover 182 are independently provided and then connected by a glue layer or the like. The embodiment where the light-transmitting portion 183 and the box body 181 are connected is similar and will not be described in detail here.

[0101] In the embodiment where the optical assembly 100 includes the first reflective element 160, the first reflective element 160 is also located in the accommodation cavity 184. In the embodiment where the optical assembly 100 includes the second reflective element 170, the second reflective element 170 is also located in the accommodation cavity 184. Figure 2 As shown, the optical engine 11 is also located in the accommodating cavity 184 .

[0102] The first linear polarizer 110 emits the first polarized light 101. Without affecting the optical path, the first linear polarizer 110 can be connected to the box body 181, the cover body 182 or the light-transmitting portion 183. In some embodiments, the first linear polarizer 110 is connected to the light-transmitting portion 183. Therefore, the first linear polarizer 110 can intercept the light in the ambient light except the first polarized light 101, and prevent the aforementioned light from entering the accommodating cavity 184 and affecting other components.

[0103] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An optical component, characterized in that: The optical component comprises: A first linear polarizer, used for emitting polarized light; a phase modulation film, the phase modulation film being used to transmit the polarized light, the phase modulation film comprising a first modulation portion and a second modulation portion, the first modulation portion being farther away from an edge of the phase modulation film than the second modulation portion; a product of a refractive index and a thickness of the second modulation portion being smaller than a product of a refractive index and a thickness of the first modulation portion; and a diffusion element, the diffusion element being used to reflect a portion of the light from the phase modulation film and to transmit another portion of the light from the phase modulation film; Among them, the polarization directions of the polarized light incident on the first modulation unit and the polarization directions of the light reflected by the diffusion element and passing through the first modulation unit are perpendicular to each other; the polarized light incident on the second modulation unit and the polarization directions of the light reflected by the diffusion element and passing through the second modulation unit are perpendicular to each other.

2. The optical assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that The refractive index of the first modulation portion is equal to the refractive index of the second modulation portion; and the thickness of the first modulation portion is greater than the thickness of the second modulation portion.

3. The optical component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Along the edge direction away from the phase modulation film, the thickness of the second modulation portion gradually increases, and the maximum thickness of the second modulation portion is smaller than the minimum thickness of the first modulation portion.

4. The optical assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical component further includes: a third modulation portion, wherein the second modulation portion is further away from the edge of the phase modulation film than the third modulation portion; a product of a refractive index and a thickness of the third modulation portion is smaller than a product of a refractive index and a thickness of the second modulation portion; The polarization directions of the polarized light incident on the third modulation unit and the polarization directions of the light reflected by the diffusion element and passing through the third modulation unit are perpendicular to each other.

5. The optical assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The diffusion element includes a substrate and a plurality of diffusion particles, wherein the substrate is connected to a side of the phase modulation film away from the first linear polarizer, and the diffusion particles are connected to a side of the substrate away from the phase modulation film; the refractive index of the phase modulation film is equal to the refractive index of the substrate, and the diffusion particles are used to reflect a portion of the light from the substrate; and are also used to transmit another portion of the light from the substrate.

6. The optical assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: The material of the phase modulation film is the same as that of the substrate.

7. The optical assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The first modulation film and the second modulation film are arranged side by side.

8. The optical assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The material of the phase modulation film includes SiO2.

9. The optical assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The optical component also includes: a quarter wave plate and a second linear polarizer, which are located on the side of the diffusion element away from the phase modulation film; the second linear polarizer is located on the side of the quarter wave plate away from the diffusion element; the light emitted by the quarter wave plate is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second linear polarizer.

10. The optical assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The optical component further includes a first reflecting element configured to reflect the polarized light toward the phase modulation film.

11. The optical assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that: The optical component further includes a second reflecting element configured to reflect the polarized light from the first reflecting element toward the phase modulation film.

12. The optical assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The optical component also includes: a shell, the shell includes a box body, a cover body and a light-transmitting portion, the box body and the cover body are connected, the light-transmitting portion is connected to the box body or the cover body, the box body, the cover body and the light-transmitting portion are jointly arranged to form a accommodating cavity, the first linear polarizer, the phase modulation film and the diffusion element are all located in the accommodating cavity; the light-transmitting portion is used to project light onto the first linear polarizer.

13. The optical assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that: The first linear polarizer is connected to the light-transmitting portion.

14. A display device, characterized in that: The display device comprises an optical engine and the optical assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the optical engine is used to emit circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light sequentially passes through the diffusion element, the phase modulation film, and the first linear polarizer.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises: a vehicle frame and the display device according to claim 14, wherein the display device is connected to the vehicle frame.

16. A diffusion element, characterized in that: The diffusion element comprises: substrate; A phase modulation film, the phase modulation film is connected to a substrate; the phase modulation film comprises a first modulation portion and a second modulation portion, the first modulation portion is farther away from an edge of the phase modulation film than the second modulation portion; the product of the refractive index and the thickness of the second modulation portion is smaller than the product of the refractive index and the thickness of the first modulation portion; and A plurality of diffusion particles are provided, wherein the diffusion particles are connected to a side of the substrate away from the phase modulation film.

17. The diffusion element according to claim 16, characterized in that The refractive index of the first modulation portion is equal to the refractive index of the second modulation portion; and the thickness of the first modulation portion is greater than the thickness of the second modulation portion.

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