Power transaction carbon emission factor-based power distribution network low-carbon scheduling method and device

Abstract

The invention provides a power distribution network low-carbon scheduling method and device based on a power transaction carbon emission factor, and relates to the technical field of power distribution network scheduling. According to the method, a power distribution network supply and demand framework and a carbon integral rule of a power transaction carbon emission factor are established, and a power distribution network low-carbon dispatching double-layer model is constructed accordingly; an upper-layer model of the double-layer model takes the minimization of the total energy transaction cost as a target to obtain a power transaction result; the carbon emission and the carbon emission factor of the power distribution network at the current moment are calculated, and the carbon emission factor at the current moment is transmitted to the lower-layer model; and the lower layer model takes minimization of carbon transaction cost as a target, takes a carbon emission factor as an excitation signal, and calculates a net carbon point through a carbon point transaction rule to adjust a power transaction result, so that economic low-carbon benefits in the power distribution network are realized. According to the method, the energy and carbon transaction cost is comprehensively considered, the average carbon emission coefficient is reduced, the total cost of the power distribution network is reduced, the total carbon emission is reduced, and the power operation efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of distribution network dispatching, and in particular to a method and device for low-carbon dispatching of distribution networks based on carbon emission factors of power trading. Background Art

[0002] In the context of global carbon emission reduction, the low-carbon development of the power system, as one of the important sources of carbon emissions, is particularly important. As a basic component of the power system, the operation and dispatch of the distribution network directly affects the overall carbon emission level. Therefore, the research on the low-carbon dispatch method of the distribution network based on the carbon emission factor of power trading has important practical significance and urgency.

[0003] First, with the increase in the proportion of renewable energy, such as wind and solar energy, the power generation structure of the power system is becoming increasingly complex, and the carbon emission factors are also showing the characteristics of diversity and dynamic change. Therefore, how to effectively dispatch the distribution network under different carbon emission factors, optimize the power supply structure, and reduce the overall carbon emissions of the system has become an urgent problem to be solved. Secondly, the opening of the power market and the diversification of power transactions have made the carbon emission cost increasingly important in market operation. In this context, formulating a low-carbon dispatch strategy for the distribution network based on carbon emission factors can better adapt to market changes and improve the economic benefits and environmental friendliness of the power system.

[0004] In addition, the low-carbon dispatch of distribution networks is not only related to economic benefits and environmental protection, but also directly affects the stability and reliability of the power system. By optimizing the dispatch strategy, the system operation risk can be effectively reduced and the safety and sustainability of power supply can be improved. Therefore, studying the low-carbon dispatch method of distribution networks based on the carbon emission factor of power trading can improve the operating efficiency of the power market and promote the development of the power system in a low-carbon, efficient and sustainable direction, which has important theoretical research and practical application value.

[0005] In view of this, the applicant filed this application after studying the existing technology. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a method, device, equipment and medium for low-carbon dispatching of distribution networks based on carbon emission factors of power trading, so as to solve the shortcomings of the existing methods, such as the source code generated is inconsistent with people's preferences and does not meet user needs.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A low-carbon dispatching method for a distribution network based on a carbon emission factor of power trading, comprising:

[0009] S1, establish a distribution network supply and demand structure for carbon emission factors in power trading; wherein, the distribution network supply and demand structure includes power generation suppliers and power demanders; the power generation suppliers include power generation by power suppliers and external power purchases; the power demanders include power users and external power sales; the power suppliers include carbon emission source generators and green generators;

[0010] S2, establish carbon credit trading rules, the carbon credit trading rules are as follows: for the power generation supplier, the carbon emission source generator consumes carbon credits for power generation, and the green generator obtains carbon credits for power generation; when purchasing electricity from the outside, the purchase of the carbon emission source generator will consume carbon credits, and the purchase of the green generator can obtain carbon credits; when selling electricity to the outside, the carbon emission source generator obtains carbon credits for selling electricity, and the green generator consumes carbon credits when selling electricity; carbon credits are transferred between the electricity demander and the power generation supplier through electric energy trading, and are settled every day to achieve the zero-carbon operation goal of the distribution network;

[0011] S3, constructing the objective function and constraint conditions of the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network according to the supply and demand structure of the distribution network and the carbon credit trading rules; wherein the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network includes an upper model and a lower model; the upper model takes minimizing the total energy transaction cost as the goal, conducts electricity trading in the distribution network, and obtains the electricity trading result; calculates the carbon emissions and carbon emission factor of the distribution network at the current moment according to the electricity trading result, and transfers the carbon emission factor at the current moment to the lower model; the lower model takes minimizing the carbon trading cost as the goal, uses the carbon emission factor as an incentive signal, and calculates the net carbon credit through the carbon credit trading rules; adjusts the electricity trading result according to the net carbon credit, so as to achieve economic low-carbon benefits in the distribution network;

[0012] S4, calling the distribution network low-carbon dispatch two-layer model to perform iterative calculations to obtain a distribution network low-carbon dispatch plan.

[0013] Preferably, the carbon emission source generator includes a micro gas turbine; the green generator includes a photovoltaic and wind generator; when the electricity demand of the power user is greater than the power generation of the power supplier, external power purchase is introduced to meet the electricity demand; on the contrary, when the electricity demand of the power user is less than the power generation of the power supplier, the surplus electricity is used for external power sales to the external power grid.

[0014] Preferably, the objective function of the upper model aims to minimize the total energy transaction cost of the distribution network, and the formula is:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, C electicity represents the total energy transaction cost of the distribution network; represents the power generation cost of the carbon emission source generator i at time t; represents the external electricity purchase cost of electricity user j at time t; represents the external electricity sales revenue of power supplier i at time t; i represents the power supplier generator set in the distribution network, j represents the power user in the distribution network; T represents the total number of time periods; I represents the set of power suppliers in the distribution network; J represents the set of power users in the distribution network;

[0017] represents the active output of the carbon emission source generator i at time t; a i , b ii 、c i represents the power generation coefficient of the carbon emission source generator i; △t is the time interval of 1h;

[0018] represents the external electricity purchase price of electricity user j at time t; represents the external power purchase of electricity user j at time t;

[0019] represents the external electricity sales price of power user j at time t; represents the external electricity sales power of electricity user j at time t.

[0020] Preferably, the constraints of the upper model include the power generation output constraints of each power supplier and the power purchase and sales power balance constraints; wherein,

[0021] The power generation output constraint of the carbon emission source generator is subject to the maximum output constraint and the minimum output constraint, which can be expressed as:

[0022]

[0023] in, and They respectively represent the output upper limit and output lower limit of the carbon emission source generator i at time t;

[0024] The power generation output constraint of the green generator is:

[0025]

[0026] in, represents the output of the green generator i at time t, and Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output power of the green generator i at time t;

[0027] The supply and demand balance constraint of power users, that is, the power purchase power constraint, is expressed as:

[0028]

[0029] in, represents the power demand of power user j at time t; represents the power of the carbon emission source generator purchased by power user j at time t; represents the power of the green generator purchased by electricity user j at time t;

[0030] The power sales constraints of each power supplier are:

[0031]

[0032] in, They respectively represent the external electricity sales power of the carbon emission source generator and the external electricity sales power of the green generator.

[0033] Preferably, the calculation formula for the carbon emissions is:

[0034]

[0035] Among them, CE t represents the carbon emissions at time t; ρ grid and ρ MT They respectively represent the carbon emission intensity factor of the external power grid and the carbon emission intensity factor of the carbon emission source generator.

[0036] Preferably, the calculation formula of the carbon emission factor is:

[0037]

[0038] Among them, EF t Represents the carbon emission factor of the power distribution network at time t.

[0039] Preferably, the objective function of the lower model aims to minimize the carbon trading cost, and its formula is:

[0040] minC carbon =λ CI CI;

[0041] Among them, C carbon represents the carbon trading cost of the distribution network; CI represents the carbon credit price; CI represents the net carbon credit of the distribution network.

[0042] Preferably, the net carbon credits, i.e. the constraints of the lower model, are calculated through the carbon credit trading rules, and the formula for the net carbon credits is:

[0043]

[0044] in, Indicates the carbon credits obtained by the green generator for power generation; Indicates the carbon credits consumed by the carbon emission source generator in generating electricity; Indicates the carbon credits obtained by the carbon emission source generator from selling electricity to the outside; Indicates the carbon credits consumed by the green generator in selling electricity to the outside; represents the carbon credits consumed by electricity user j when purchasing electricity from outside;

[0045] Indicates the carbon credit conversion factor.

[0046] Preferably, during the electricity trading process, the carbon credits will be transferred between the electricity consumer and the electricity supplier, and the carbon credit transfer formula between the electricity user and the carbon emission source generator is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] in, Indicates the carbon credits consumed by user j in purchasing electricity generated by the carbon emission source generator;

[0049] Represents the carbon credits obtained by the carbon emission source generator i from selling electricity to the outside;

[0050] The formula for transferring carbon credits between electricity users and the green generators is as follows:

[0051]

[0052] in, represents the carbon credits obtained by electricity user j from purchasing electricity generated by the green generator;

[0053] Represents the carbon credits consumed by the green generator i in selling electricity to the outside.

[0054] The present invention also provides a low-carbon dispatching device for a distribution network based on a carbon emission factor of power trading, comprising:

[0055] The distribution network supply and demand construction module is used to establish the distribution network supply and demand structure of the carbon emission factor of power trading; wherein, the distribution network supply and demand structure includes power generation suppliers and power demand parties; the power generation suppliers include power generation by power suppliers and external power purchases; the power demand parties include power users and external power sales; the power suppliers include carbon emission source generators and green generators;

[0056] A carbon credit rule building module is used to establish carbon credit trading rules, which are as follows: for the power generation supplier, the carbon emission source generator consumes carbon credits for power generation, and the green generator obtains carbon credits for power generation; when purchasing electricity from the outside, purchasing the power generation of the carbon emission source generator will consume carbon credits, and purchasing the power generation of the green generator can obtain carbon credits; when selling electricity to the outside, the carbon emission source generator obtains carbon credits for selling electricity, and the green generator consumes carbon credits when selling electricity; carbon credits are transferred between the electricity demander and the power generation supplier through electric energy trading, and are settled every day to achieve the zero-carbon operation goal of the distribution network;

[0057] A two-layer model construction module is used to construct the objective function and constraint conditions of the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network according to the distribution network supply and demand architecture and the carbon credit trading rules; wherein the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network includes an upper model and a lower model; the upper model takes minimizing the total energy transaction cost as the goal, conducts electricity trading in the distribution network, and obtains the electricity trading result; calculates the carbon emissions and carbon emission factor of the distribution network at the current moment according to the electricity trading result, and transfers the carbon emission factor at the current moment to the lower model; the lower model takes minimizing the carbon trading cost as the goal, uses the carbon emission factor as an incentive signal, and calculates the net carbon credit through the carbon credit trading rules; adjusts the electricity trading result according to the net carbon credit, so as to achieve economic low-carbon benefits in the distribution network;

[0058] The two-layer model calling module calls the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network to perform iterative calculations to obtain a low-carbon dispatch plan for the distribution network.

[0059] The present invention also provides a low-carbon dispatching device for a distribution network based on carbon emission factors of electricity trading, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the computer program can be executed by the processor to implement a low-carbon dispatching method for a distribution network based on carbon emission factors of electricity trading as described above.

[0060] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer-readable instructions are stored. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by a processor of a device where the computer-readable storage medium is located, a low-carbon dispatching method for a distribution network based on carbon emission factors of electricity trading is implemented as described above.

[0061] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0062] The present invention constructs a two-layer model for low-carbon dispatch of distribution network based on carbon credit trading rules. The upper model of the two-layer model aims to minimize the total energy trading cost, conducts power trading in the distribution network, and obtains power trading results; calculates the carbon emissions and carbon emission factors of the distribution network at the current moment according to the power trading results, and transmits the carbon emission factors at the current moment to the lower model of the two-layer model; the lower model aims to minimize the carbon trading cost, uses the carbon emission factor as an incentive signal, and calculates the net carbon credits through the carbon credit trading rules; adjusts the power trading results, and thus achieves economic low-carbon benefits in the distribution network.

[0063] The present invention comprehensively considers the energy trading costs and carbon trading costs in the distribution network, which not only reduces the average carbon emission coefficient in the distribution network, but also reduces the total cost of the distribution network, reduces the total carbon emissions, effectively improves the operating efficiency of the power market, and promotes the development of the power system in a low-carbon, high-efficiency and sustainable direction. It has important theoretical research and practical application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0065] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a low-carbon dispatching method for a distribution network based on carbon emission factors of electricity trading provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the supply and demand architecture of the distribution network provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a two-layer model for low-carbon dispatch of a distribution network provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the regional average carbon emission coefficient for scenario 1 provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the regional average carbon emission coefficient for scenario 2 provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a low-carbon dispatching device for a distribution network based on carbon emission factors of electricity trading provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0071] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0073] Embodiment 1

[0074] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a low-carbon dispatching method for distribution network based on carbon emission factors of electricity trading, which can be implemented by a low-carbon dispatching device for distribution network based on carbon emission factors of electricity trading (hereinafter referred to as dispatching device), and in particular, executed by one or more processors in the dispatching device.

[0075] In this embodiment, the dispatching device may be an electronic device equipped with a processor, which has a computer program for the low-carbon dispatching method for distribution networks based on carbon emission factors of electricity trading and the computer program can be executed, such as a computer, a smart phone, a smart tablet, etc.

[0076] In this embodiment, carbon credits are an indicator used to characterize environmentally friendly ways of generating and using electricity. Carbon credits can be purchased, sold, and circulated within the distribution network. The setting of carbon credits is intended to encourage enterprises and individuals to adopt more environmentally friendly ways of generating and using electricity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through market mechanisms. By accumulating carbon credits, enterprises can obtain benefits such as policy preferences and financial subsidies, while individuals may receive certain economic rewards or environmental honors. Enterprises and individuals can meet their environmental protection needs by purchasing carbon credits, or they can obtain economic benefits by selling excess carbon credits, which provides them with a flexible way to reduce emissions.

[0077] like Figure 1 As shown, a low-carbon dispatching method for distribution network based on carbon emission factor of electricity trading includes steps S1 to S4.

[0078] S1. Establish a distribution network supply and demand structure for carbon emission factors in electricity trading; wherein, the distribution network supply and demand structure includes power generation suppliers and power demanders; the power generation suppliers include power generation by power suppliers and external power purchases; the power demanders include power consumption by power users and external power sales; the power suppliers include carbon emission source generators and green generators.

[0079] like Figure 2 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the power suppliers (i.e., power generation units) within the distribution network include micro gas turbines (MT), photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines (WT), and power users can choose to purchase different types of electricity within the distribution network and purchase electricity from external power grids (thermal power by default in this embodiment) to meet their power needs.

[0080] Electricity suppliers within the distribution network may also choose other types of power generation methods, which are not limited here.

[0081] Micro gas turbines are typical carbon emission power sources, while photovoltaic and wind turbines are green generator power sources; the power suppliers' generator sets within the distribution network give priority to selling electricity to residential users, and the remaining electricity is sold to the external power grid.

[0082] In this embodiment, the carbon emission source generator is set to one, namely a micro gas turbine (MT), and the green generators are photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) for the convenience of subsequent calculations.

[0083] S2. Establish carbon credit trading rules, which are as follows: for the power generation supplier, the carbon emission source generator consumes carbon credits when generating electricity, and the green generator obtains carbon credits when generating electricity; when purchasing electricity from the outside, purchasing electricity generated by the carbon emission source generator will consume carbon credits, and purchasing electricity generated by the green generator can obtain carbon credits; when selling electricity to the outside, the carbon emission source generator obtains carbon credits when selling electricity, and the green generator consumes carbon credits when selling electricity; carbon credits are transferred between the electricity demander and the power generation supplier through electricity trading, and are settled every day to achieve the zero-carbon operation goal of the distribution network.

[0084] In this embodiment, various forms of power generation are assigned different carbon labels, and carbon credits are defined as indicators that confirm environmentally friendly ways of generating and using electricity. They are tradable products that can be purchased, sold and circulated within the distribution network.

[0085] In addition to obtaining or consuming carbon credits through different power generation methods, carbon credits can also be transferred between power users and suppliers through power trading. Power users can obtain carbon credits through carbon reduction behaviors such as purchasing green electricity and demand response. The obtained carbon credits can be directly sold for profit or used to receive electricity price subsidies.

[0086] Carbon credits are settled every day. Excess carbon emission quotas can be sold for profit, and insufficient carbon emission quotas need to be purchased to help achieve the zero-carbon operation goal of the distribution network.

[0087] S3, constructing the objective function and constraint conditions of the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network according to the supply and demand structure of the distribution network and the carbon credit trading rules; wherein the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network includes an upper model and a lower model; the upper model takes minimizing the total energy transaction cost as the goal, conducts electricity transaction in the distribution network, and obtains the electricity transaction result; calculates the carbon emissions and carbon emission factor of the distribution network at the current moment according to the electricity transaction result, and transfers the carbon emission factor at the current moment to the lower model; the lower model takes minimizing the carbon transaction cost as the goal, uses the carbon emission factor as an incentive signal, and calculates the net carbon credits through the carbon credit trading rules; adjusts the electricity transaction result according to the net carbon credit, so as to achieve economic low-carbon benefits in the distribution network.

[0088] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, in the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of distribution network considering carbon emission factors of power trading, the upper power trading model aims to minimize the energy trading cost, and each power generation / power consumption unit in the distribution network conducts power trading. According to the results of power trading, the carbon emissions and carbon emission factors of the distribution network are calculated, and the dynamic carbon emission factors are passed to the lower model. The objective function of the lower model is to minimize the carbon trading cost, and use the carbon emission factor as an incentive signal to adjust the power trading settlement results, so as to achieve economic low-carbon benefits in the distribution network.

[0089] Furthermore, the objective function of the upper model of the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network is to minimize the total energy transaction cost of the distribution network. The formula in this embodiment is:

[0090]

[0091] Among them, C electicity represents the total energy transaction cost of the distribution network; represents the power generation cost of the carbon emission source generator (i.e., micro gas turbine) i at time t; represents the external electricity purchase cost of electricity user j at time t; represents the external electricity sales revenue of power supplier i at time t; i represents the power supplier's generator set in the distribution network, j represents the power user in the distribution network; T represents the total number of time periods; I represents the set of power suppliers in the distribution network; J represents the set of power users in the distribution network.

[0092] Then, according to the quadratic curve of the active power output of the micro gas turbine, the power generation cost model of the micro gas turbine is established, and its expression is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] in, represents the active power output of the carbon emission source generator (i.e., micro gas turbine) i at time t; a i , b i 、c i They respectively represent the power generation coefficient of the carbon emission source generator (i.e., micro gas turbine) i; △t is the time interval of 1h.

[0095] Then, at time t, the cost of electricity purchased by electricity user j from the external power grid is expressed as:

[0096]

[0097] in, represents the external electricity purchase price of electricity user j at time t; Represents the external power purchase of electricity user j at time t.

[0098] Then, the electricity sales revenue of generator set i in the distribution network to the external grid at time t is expressed as:

[0099]

[0100] in, represents the external electricity sales price of power user j at time t; represents the external electricity sales power of electricity user j at time t.

[0101] Furthermore, the constraints of the upper model of the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of distribution network include power output constraints and power balance constraints of various types of units;

[0102] The output capacity of the micro gas turbine is subject to the maximum output and minimum output constraints, which can be expressed as:

[0103]

[0104] in, and They respectively represent the output upper limit and output lower limit of the carbon emission source generator i at time t.

[0105] The output boundaries of photovoltaic and wind power (the green generator power generation) can be constrained by the following formula:

[0106]

[0107] In the formula, and Represent the output of photovoltaic and wind power respectively; and They represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of photovoltaic output power at time t respectively; and They represent the maximum and minimum wind power output at time t respectively.

[0108] The electricity demand of power users can be provided by micro gas turbines, photovoltaics, wind power and external grid. The supply and demand balance constraint is expressed as follows:

[0109]

[0110] in, represents the power demand of power user j at time t; represents the power of the carbon emission source generator (i.e., micro gas turbine) purchased by power user j at time t; represents the power of the photovoltaic generator purchased by electricity user j at time t; represents the power of the wind turbine purchased by electricity user j at time t; represents the electricity purchased by electricity user j from the external power grid.

[0111] The constraints on electricity sales of each power supplier's generator set are as follows:

[0112]

[0113] in, They respectively represent the external electricity sales power of the micro gas turbine, photovoltaic and wind power and the external electricity sales power of the green generator.

[0114] Furthermore, the calculation formula of the carbon emissions is:

[0115]

[0116] Among them, CE t represents the carbon emissions at time t; ρ grid and ρ MT They respectively represent the carbon emission intensity factor of the external power grid and the carbon emission intensity factor of the carbon emission source generator.

[0117] Preferably, the calculation formula of the carbon emission factor is:

[0118]

[0119] Among them, EF t Represents the carbon emission factor of the power distribution network at time t.

[0120] In this embodiment, the carbon credits are weighted and calculated in combination with the carbon emission factor, so that the quantification of carbon emissions is more accurate, which encourages relevant units to take energy-saving and emission reduction measures, reduce carbon emissions, and achieve the effect of low-carbon incentives.

[0121] In this embodiment, for the generator sets within the distribution network, micro gas turbine power generation consumes carbon credits, and green generator power generation can obtain carbon credits; for electricity users within the distribution network, purchasing micro gas turbine and thermal power will consume carbon credits, while purchasing green generator power can obtain carbon credits.

[0122] The carbon credits corresponding to micro gas turbine, photovoltaic and micro gas turbine power generation are as follows:

[0123]

[0124] in, It represents the carbon credits consumed by the micro gas turbine to generate electricity; Indicates the carbon credit conversion factor.

[0125]

[0126] Represents the carbon credits obtained from photovoltaic / wind power generation.

[0127] In the electricity trading process, carbon credits will be transferred between electricity consumers and electricity suppliers; the transfer of carbon credits between users and photovoltaic and wind power is as follows:

[0128] In the electricity trading process, the carbon credits will be transferred between electricity consumers and electricity suppliers. The carbon credit transfer formula between electricity users and photovoltaic / wind power is as follows:

[0129]

[0130] in, Represents the carbon credits obtained by electricity user j from purchasing photovoltaic and wind power.

[0131] Represents the carbon credits consumed by the green generator i in selling electricity to the outside.

[0132] The carbon emission cost of traditional power generation is borne by both buyers and sellers. The carbon credit relationship between the power user and the micro gas turbine (the carbon emission source generator) is as follows:

[0133]

[0134] in, Indicates the carbon credits consumed by user j in purchasing electricity generated by the carbon emission source generator;

[0135] Represents the carbon credits obtained by the carbon emission source generator i from selling electricity to the outside.

[0136] The carbon credits consumed by users purchasing thermal power from the external power grid are the same as the above formula:

[0137]

[0138] in, Represents the carbon credits consumed by electricity user j when purchasing electricity from outside

[0139] Similarly, the carbon credits earned by the microturbine by selling electricity to the external grid are as follows:

[0140]

[0141] Represents the carbon credits obtained by the carbon emission source generator from selling electricity to the outside.

[0142] Through the carbon credit trading rules, the objective function of the lower model is obtained, that is, the objective is to minimize the carbon trading cost, and its formula is:

[0143] minC carbon =λ CI CI;

[0144]

[0145] Among them, C carbon represents the carbon trading cost of the distribution network; CI represents the carbon credit price; CI represents the net carbon credit of the distribution network, which is the constraint condition of the lower model.

[0146] S4, calling the distribution network low-carbon dispatch two-layer model to perform iterative calculations to obtain a distribution network low-carbon dispatch plan.

[0147] Finally, the constructed two-layer model is iteratively solved through a software platform or other models, such as calling Gurobi based on MATLAB R2021b, to obtain a low-carbon dispatching plan for the distribution network. Other software platforms can also be used to call the two-layer model, which is not limited here.

[0148] By analyzing the total cost (i.e. the sum of total energy trading cost and carbon trading cost) and total carbon emissions in the low-carbon dispatching scheme of the distribution network, the feasibility and economic benefits of the dispatching scheme can be judged.

[0149] In another specific embodiment, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, a distribution network case is provided.

[0150] In this embodiment, distributed energy and residential users are market participants. The carbon intensity factor of the external grid is set to 0.875kgCO2 / (kW·h), the carbon intensity factor of the micro gas turbine is set to 0.525kgCO2 / (kW·h), the carbon credit conversion coefficient is set to 10, and the carbon credit price is set to 0.1 yuan. The model is solved by calling Gurobi through MATLAB R2021b.

[0151] In this embodiment, based on the method of the present invention, the following scenarios are set for case analysis:

[0152] Scenario 1: Electricity trading without considering carbon credits;

[0153] Scenario 2: Considering electricity trading of carbon credits.

[0154] In scenario 1, when carbon credit trading is not considered, the distributed energy in the distribution network cannot meet the electricity demand of users, resulting in a high amount of electricity purchased from the external network. Considering the power generation cost of micro gas turbines, residential users purchase less electricity from micro gas turbines. At the same time, users in the distribution network cannot fully consume renewable energy, resulting in the sale of surplus electricity to the external network. Figure 4 As shown, the carbon emission factor can be obtained from the results of electricity trading. The calculation results show that the regional average carbon emission factor for scenario 1 is 0.6863 kgCO2 / (kW·h).

[0155] In scenario 2, when considering carbon credit trading, due to the high carbon emission intensity of the external power grid, users reduce their purchase of electricity from the external power grid and tend to purchase micro gas turbine electricity and clean energy with lower carbon emission intensity. The distributed clean energy of the distribution network is fully consumed, which promotes the green power trading of users. Figure 5 As shown in Figure 2, the regional average carbon emission coefficient in scenario 2 is 0.5855 kgCO2 / (kW·h). Figure 4 In comparison, considering carbon credit trading, that is, the two-tier model proposed in the present invention, can effectively promote emission reduction of distribution networks.

[0156] The transaction costs of the distribution network under the two scenarios are shown in Table 1.

[0157] Table 1. Transaction costs under different scenarios

[0158]

[0159] Compared with Scenario 1, Scenario 2 increases the electricity transaction cost, but due to the existence of carbon trading in Scenario 2, the distribution network makes a profit by selling the remaining carbon credits, thereby reducing the total cost of the distribution network; in terms of total carbon emissions of the distribution network, Scenario 2 reduces 1.937tCO2 compared with Scenario 1. In summary, Scenario 2 considering carbon credits has better economic and environmental properties than Scenario 1, which proves the effectiveness of the two-layer model of this technical solution.

[0160] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0161] The present invention comprehensively considers the energy trading costs and carbon trading costs in the distribution network, which not only reduces the average carbon emission coefficient in the distribution network, but also reduces the total cost of the distribution network, reduces the total carbon emissions, effectively improves the operating efficiency of the power market, and promotes the development of the power system in a low-carbon, high-efficiency and sustainable direction. It has important theoretical research and practical application value.

[0162] Embodiment 2

[0163] like Figure 6 As shown, the second embodiment of the present invention further provides a low-carbon dispatching device for a distribution network based on a carbon emission factor of power trading, comprising:

[0164] The distribution network supply and demand construction module is used to establish the distribution network supply and demand structure of the carbon emission factor of power trading; wherein, the distribution network supply and demand structure includes power generation suppliers and power demand parties; the power generation suppliers include power generation by power suppliers and external power purchases; the power demand parties include power users and external power sales; the power suppliers include carbon emission source generators and green generators;

[0165] A carbon credit rule building module is used to establish carbon credit trading rules, which are as follows: for the power generation supplier, the carbon emission source generator consumes carbon credits for power generation, and the green generator obtains carbon credits for power generation; when purchasing electricity from the outside, purchasing the power generation of the carbon emission source generator will consume carbon credits, and purchasing the power generation of the green generator can obtain carbon credits; when selling electricity to the outside, the carbon emission source generator obtains carbon credits for selling electricity, and the green generator consumes carbon credits when selling electricity; carbon credits are transferred between the electricity demander and the power generation supplier through electric energy trading, and are settled every day to achieve the zero-carbon operation goal of the distribution network;

[0166] A two-layer model construction module is used to construct the objective function and constraint conditions of the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network according to the distribution network supply and demand architecture and the carbon credit trading rules; wherein the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network includes an upper model and a lower model; the upper model takes minimizing the total energy transaction cost as the goal, conducts electricity trading in the distribution network, and obtains the electricity trading result; calculates the carbon emissions and carbon emission factor of the distribution network at the current moment according to the electricity trading result, and transfers the carbon emission factor at the current moment to the lower model; the lower model takes minimizing the carbon trading cost as the goal, uses the carbon emission factor as an incentive signal, and calculates the net carbon credit through the carbon credit trading rules; adjusts the electricity trading result according to the net carbon credit, so as to achieve economic low-carbon benefits in the distribution network;

[0167] The two-layer model calling module calls the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network to perform iterative calculations to obtain a low-carbon dispatch plan for the distribution network.

[0168] Embodiment 3

[0169] The third embodiment of the present invention also provides a low-carbon dispatching device for a distribution network based on carbon emission factors of electricity trading, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the computer program can be executed by the processor to implement the low-carbon dispatching method for a distribution network based on carbon emission factors of electricity trading as described above.

[0170] Embodiment 4

[0171] The fourth embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer-readable instructions are stored. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by a processor of a device where the computer-readable storage medium is located, the low-carbon dispatching method for distribution networks based on carbon emission factors of electricity trading as described above is implemented.

[0172] In several embodiments provided in the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method can also be implemented in other ways. The apparatus and method embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the flowcharts in the accompanying drawings show the possible architecture, functions and operations of the apparatus, method and computer program product according to multiple embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each box in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment or a part of a code, and the module, program segment or a part of the code contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the box can also occur in a different order from the order marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive boxes can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram and / or flow chart, and the combination of boxes in the block diagram and / or flow chart can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or action, or can be implemented with a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0173] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist independently, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.

[0174] If the functions are implemented in the form of software function modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or partly contributed to the prior art or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, an electronic device, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk. It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such a process, method, article or device. Without more constraints, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising the element.

[0175] The terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present invention and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0176] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0177] The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting", depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "if it is determined" or "if (stated condition or event) is detected" may be interpreted as "when it is determined" or "in response to determining" or "when detecting (stated condition or event)" or "in response to detecting (stated condition or event)", depending on the context.

[0178] The "first\second" mentioned in the embodiments is only to distinguish similar objects, and does not represent a specific order for the objects. It is understandable that the "first\second" can be interchanged with the specific order or sequence where permitted. It should be understood that the objects distinguished by "first\second" can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0179] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-carbon dispatching method for distribution network based on carbon emission factor of power trading, characterized in that: include: S1, establish a distribution network supply and demand structure for carbon emission factors in power trading; wherein, the distribution network supply and demand structure includes power generation suppliers and power demanders; the power generation suppliers include power generation by power suppliers and external power purchases; the power demanders include power users and external power sales; the power suppliers include carbon emission source generators and green generators; S2, establish carbon credit trading rules; the carbon credit trading rules are as follows: for the power generation supplier, the carbon emission source generator consumes carbon credits for power generation, and the green generator obtains carbon credits for power generation; when purchasing electricity from the outside, purchasing the power generation of the carbon emission source generator will consume carbon credits, and purchasing the power generation of the green generator can obtain carbon credits; when selling electricity to the outside, the carbon emission source generator obtains carbon credits for selling electricity, and the green generator consumes carbon credits when selling electricity; carbon credits are transferred between the electricity demand party and the power generation supplier through electric energy trading, and are settled every day to achieve the zero-carbon operation goal of the distribution network; S3, constructing the objective function and constraint conditions of the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network according to the supply and demand structure of the distribution network and the carbon credit trading rules; wherein the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network includes an upper model and a lower model; the upper model takes minimizing the total energy transaction cost as the goal, conducts electricity trading in the distribution network, and obtains the electricity trading result; calculates the carbon emissions and carbon emission factor of the distribution network at the current moment according to the electricity trading result, and transfers the carbon emission factor at the current moment to the lower model; the lower model takes minimizing the carbon trading cost as the goal, uses the carbon emission factor as an incentive signal, and calculates the net carbon credit through the carbon credit trading rules; adjusts the electricity trading result according to the net carbon credit, so as to achieve economic low-carbon benefits in the distribution network; S4, calling the distribution network low-carbon dispatch two-layer model to perform iterative calculations to obtain a distribution network low-carbon dispatch plan.

2. A low-carbon dispatching method for distribution network based on carbon emission factor of power trading according to claim 1, characterized in that When the electricity demand of power users is greater than the power generation of power suppliers, external power purchase is introduced to meet the electricity demand; on the contrary, when the electricity demand of power users is less than the power generation of power suppliers, the surplus electricity is used for external power sales and sold to the external power grid.

3. A low-carbon dispatching method for distribution network based on carbon emission factor of power trading according to claim 1, characterized in that ,The objective function of the upper model aims to minimize the total ,energy transaction cost of the distribution network, and the formula is as follows: Among them, C electicity represents the total energy transaction cost of the distribution network; represents the power generation cost of the carbon emission source generator i at time t; represents the external electricity purchase cost of electricity user j at time t; represents the external electricity sales revenue of power supplier i at time t; i represents the power supplier generator set in the distribution network, j represents the power user in the distribution network; T represents the total number of time periods; I represents the set of power suppliers in the distribution network; J represents the set of power users in the distribution network; represents the active output of the carbon emission source generator i at time t; a i 、b ii 、c i represents the power generation coefficient of the carbon emission source generator i; △t is the time interval of 1h; represents the external electricity purchase price of electricity user j at time t; represents the external power purchase of electricity user j at time t; represents the external electricity sales price of power user j at time t; represents the external electricity sales power of electricity user j at time t.

4. A low-carbon dispatching method for distribution network based on carbon emission factor of power trading according to claim 3, characterized in that ,The constraints of the upper model include the power output constraints of each power supplier and the power balance constraints of purchasing and selling electricity; The power generation output constraint of the carbon emission source generator is subject to the maximum output constraint and the minimum output constraint, which can be expressed as: in, and They respectively represent the output upper limit and output lower limit of the carbon emission source generator i at time t; The power generation output constraint of the green generator is: in, represents the output of the green generator i at time t, and Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output power of the green generator i at time t; The supply and demand balance constraint of power users, that is, the power purchase power constraint, is expressed as: in, represents the power demand of power user j at time t; represents the power of the carbon emission source generator purchased by power user j at time t; represents the power of the green generator purchased by electricity user j at time t; The power sales constraints of each power supplier are: in, They respectively represent the external electricity sales power of the carbon emission source generator and the external electricity sales power of the green generator.

5. A low-carbon dispatching method for distribution network based on carbon emission factor of power trading according to claim 4, characterized in that , the calculation formula of carbon emissions is: Among them, CE t represents the carbon emissions at time t; ρ grid and ρ MT They respectively represent the carbon emission intensity factor of the external power grid and the carbon emission intensity factor of the carbon emission source generator.

6. A low-carbon dispatching method for distribution network based on carbon emission factor of power trading according to claim 5, characterized in that , the calculation formula of the carbon emission factor is: Among them, EF t Represents the carbon emission factor of the power distribution network at time t.

7. A low-carbon dispatching method for distribution network based on carbon emission factor of power trading according to claim 6, characterized in that ,The objective function of the lower model aims to minimize the carbon trading cost, and its formula is: min C carbon =λ CI CI; Among them, C carbon represents the carbon trading cost of the distribution network; CI represents the carbon credit price; CI represents the net carbon credit of the distribution network.

8. A low-carbon dispatching method for distribution network based on carbon emission factor of power trading according to claim 7, characterized in that , the net carbon credit, i.e. the constraint condition of the lower model, is calculated through the carbon credit trading rules, then the formula of the net carbon credit is: in, Indicates the carbon credits obtained by the green generator for power generation; Indicates the carbon credits consumed by the carbon emission source generator in generating electricity; Indicates the carbon credits obtained by the carbon emission source generator from selling electricity to the outside; Indicates the carbon credits consumed by the green generator in selling electricity to the outside; represents the carbon credits consumed by electricity user j when purchasing electricity from outside; Indicates the carbon credit conversion factor.

9. A low-carbon dispatching method for distribution network based on carbon emission factor of power trading according to claim 8, characterized in that In the electricity trading process, the carbon credits will be transferred between electricity consumers and electricity suppliers. The carbon credit transfer formula between electricity users and the carbon emission source generators is as follows: in, Indicates the carbon credits consumed by user j in purchasing electricity generated by the carbon emission source generator; Represents the carbon credits obtained by the carbon emission source generator i from selling electricity to the outside; The formula for transferring carbon credits between electricity users and the green generators is as follows: in, represents the carbon credits obtained by electricity user j from purchasing electricity generated by the green generator; Represents the carbon credits consumed by the green generator i in selling electricity to the outside.

10. A low-carbon dispatching device for a distribution network based on carbon emission factors of power trading, characterized in that: include: The distribution network supply and demand construction module is used to establish the distribution network supply and demand structure of the carbon emission factor of power trading; wherein, the distribution network supply and demand structure includes power generation suppliers and power demand parties; the power generation suppliers include power generation by power suppliers and external power purchases; the power demand parties include power users and external power sales; the power suppliers include carbon emission source generators and green generators; A carbon credit rule building module is used to establish carbon credit trading rules, which are as follows: for the power generation supplier, the carbon emission source generator consumes carbon credits for power generation, and the green generator obtains carbon credits for power generation; when purchasing electricity from the outside, purchasing the power generation of the carbon emission source generator will consume carbon credits, and purchasing the power generation of the green generator can obtain carbon credits; when selling electricity to the outside, the carbon emission source generator obtains carbon credits for selling electricity, and the green generator consumes carbon credits when selling electricity; carbon credits are transferred between the electricity demander and the power generation supplier through electric energy trading, and are settled every day to achieve the zero-carbon operation goal of the distribution network; A two-layer model construction module is used to construct the objective function and constraint conditions of the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network according to the distribution network supply and demand architecture and the carbon credit trading rules; wherein the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network includes an upper model and a lower model; the upper model takes minimizing the total energy transaction cost as the goal, conducts electricity trading in the distribution network, and obtains the electricity trading result; calculates the carbon emissions and carbon emission factor of the distribution network at the current moment according to the electricity trading result, and transfers the carbon emission factor at the current moment to the lower model; the lower model takes minimizing the carbon trading cost as the goal, uses the carbon emission factor as an incentive signal, and calculates the net carbon credit through the carbon credit trading rules; adjusts the electricity trading result according to the net carbon credit, so as to achieve economic low-carbon benefits in the distribution network; The two-layer model calling module calls the two-layer model of low-carbon dispatch of the distribution network to perform iterative calculations to obtain a low-carbon dispatch plan for the distribution network.

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