Free space optical path output structure of modularized coupleable optical fiber suitable for solid laser

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of all-solid-state lasers, and particularly discloses a free space light path output structure of a modularized coupleable optical fiber suitable for a solid-state laser, which is mainly used for connecting light source interfaces of an optical fiber laser, a disc laser, a rod-shaped laser and a slab laser. Light source laser is conducted and coupled into the laser optical fiber, standard and modular design is carried out on optical, electromechanical, water and gas systems of external light paths of various solid-state lasers, and the light path design can meet the requirements of single-light-path output, double-light-path output and four-light-path output. The optical path output structure comprises a reversing reflector module, an optical gate module and an optical fiber coupling module; wherein the input end of the reversing mirror module is connected with a first telescopic sleeve, the output end of the reversing mirror module is connected with the input end of the optical shutter module through the first cooling mechanical diaphragm module and the second telescopic sleeve in sequence, and the output end of the reversing mirror module is connected with the input end of the optical fiber coupling module through the multi-stage light filtering assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of all-solid-state lasers, and in particular to a modularized free-space optical path output structure of a coupleable optical fiber suitable for solid-state lasers. The structure is mainly used to connect the light source interface of fiber lasers, disk lasers, rod lasers and slab lasers, and to conduct and couple the light source laser into the laser fiber. Background Art

[0002] Domestic patents have introduced solid lasers, mainly including fiber lasers, disk lasers, rod lasers and slab lasers. They are widely used as light sources for cutting machines, welding machines and cleaning machines in industrial equipment. In actual industrial application environments, there is often a long distance between the laser light source and the processed equipment. For example, in the welding application scenario of the car body, the laser light source and the welding head fixed on the robot arm often need to be laid in different spaces to meet the spatial configuration requirements of the production line. In order to cope with such application scenarios, it has become routine to use output optical fibers to transmit lasers. Among the various industrial lasers mentioned above, only the fiber laser type of light source has its own output optical fiber due to the gain medium and system design. Other types of light sources require an external optical path to reshape the laser in the resonant cavity of the light source and couple it into the output optical fiber because of their spatial light properties. On this basis, connecting multiple processing heads with one laser has also become an important way to improve production efficiency and improve the efficiency of laser light source use. For this reason, an external optical path is required to divide the laser light source into multiple lasers and couple them into multiple output optical fibers. In the above single or multi-optical path design, the main function of the coordination of optical mechanical and electrical components is to steer, transmit and focus the laser. On this basis, it is also necessary to modularize some optical components to achieve programmable optical path opening and closing, and programmable optical path deflection. For this reason, a standard design architecture that can meet the requirements of multi-optical paths and modularization is needed to meet the output functions of laser light sources in different solid-state lasers.

[0003] Gui Liangwei and others from Huarui Laser described a mechanism for multi-path output for switching between different lasers. The invention focused on the configuration design of the optical path output of different laser wavelengths, mainly through the spatial arrangement of different pairs of reflectors and double-layer high-reflective film coating to achieve the effect of multi-wavelength and multi-path laser transmission. Wang Faping from Wuhan Ruike described a light gate optical path design for fiber lasers, which is used to divide the fiber laser light source into multiple optical paths and couple it into multiple output optical fibers. However, the above designs cannot solve the standardized design requirements of one optical path architecture corresponding to multiple types of solid-state lasers, and there is no standardized solution for cooling and contamination control of optical mechanical parts. There is no modular design interface for refractive optics and collimation optics. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the technical problems raised by the above background, the present invention provides a modular free-space optical path output structure of a coupleable optical fiber suitable for solid-state lasers, and standardizes and modularizes the five major systems of optical, mechanical, electrical, water and gas of the external optical path of various solid-state lasers, so that the optical path design can meet single optical path output, dual optical path output and quad optical path output.

[0005] Secondly, the present invention also designs a comprehensive water cooling system and gas purification system for the resonant cavity. Compared with the existing optical path optics and optical mechanical designs on the market, in order to ensure the heat generated when using a reflector with higher heat absorption, we use more optical mechanical designs with external copper tube heat dissipation using buried tube technology to make the cooling water circulation closer to the optical lens, which can improve the cooling efficiency and avoid heat loss caused by increased light absorption.

[0006] Based on the above technical ideas, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The present invention provides a modularized free-space optical path output structure of a coupleable optical fiber suitable for a solid-state laser, comprising an optical path output structure, wherein the optical path output structure comprises a reversing reflector module, an optical shutter module and an optical fiber coupling module; wherein the input end of the reversing reflector module is connected with a first telescopic sleeve, the output end thereof is connected with the input end of the optical shutter module via a first cooling mechanical aperture module and a second telescopic sleeve in sequence, and the output end thereof is connected with the input end of the optical fiber coupling module via a multi-stage filtering component.

[0007] On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the multi-stage filtering assembly includes a second cooling mechanical aperture module, a third telescopic sleeve, a solid diameter channel, a third cooling mechanical aperture module and a fourth telescopic sleeve which are connected in sequence, the input end of the second cooling mechanical aperture module is connected to the output end of the optical gate module, and the output end of the fourth telescopic sleeve is connected to the input end of the optical fiber coupling module.

[0008] On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the shutter module is a non-editable shutter module, and the single optical path output structure is a single optical path with a non-programmable shutter structure.

[0009] On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the specific process of outputting laser using a single optical path with a non-programmable optical shutter structure includes: The input laser light source is reflected for the first time by the reversing reflector module; The laser light after the first reflection is filtered for the first time by the first cooling mechanical aperture module; The laser light after the first filtering is directed to the non-programmable optical shutter module for a second reflection; The laser light reflected for the second time is filtered for the second time by the second cooling mechanical aperture module; The laser light after the second filtering passes through the solid path channel and enters the third cooling mechanical shutter module for the third filtering; The laser light after the third filtering enters the fiber coupling module and is refocused before entering the output fiber.

[0010] On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the shutter module is a programmable shutter module, a laser absorber is arranged behind the programmable shutter module, the output end of the second telescopic sleeve is connected to the input end of the laser absorber, and the programmable shutter module is arranged on the second telescopic sleeve.

[0011] On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the programmable optical shutter module, the second cooling mechanical aperture module, the third telescopic sleeve, the fixed diameter channel, the third cooling mechanical aperture module, the fourth telescopic sleeve and the optical fiber coupling module connected in sequence constitute an optical path, and the single optical path output structure is a single optical path with a programmable optical shutter structure.

[0012] On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the specific process of outputting laser using a single optical path with a programmable optical shutter structure includes: a. The input laser light source is reflected for the first time by the reversing reflector module; b. The laser light after the first reflection is filtered for the first time by the first cooling mechanical aperture module; c. When the programmable shutter module falls, the laser light after the first filtering is directed to the reflector in the programmable shutter module for a second reflection; d. The laser light after the second reflection is filtered for the second time through the second cooling mechanical aperture module; e. After the second filtering, the laser passes through the solid path channel and enters the third cooling mechanical aperture module for the third filtering; f. The laser enters the fiber coupling module and is refocused before entering the output fiber; g. When the programmable shutter module is lifted, the laser directly enters the laser absorber and is absorbed by the metal part after beam expansion.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the second telescopic sleeve is provided with two optical paths or four optical paths. When the second telescopic sleeve is provided with two optical paths, a dual optical path with programmable optical shutter structure is constituted; when the second telescopic sleeve is provided with four optical paths, a four optical path with programmable optical shutter structure is constituted.

[0014] On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the specific process of outputting laser by the four-light path with programmable optical shutter structure includes: a. The input laser light source is reflected for the first time by the reversing reflector; b. The laser light after the first reflection is filtered for the first time by the first cooling mechanical aperture module; c. When the programmable shutter falls, the filtered laser is directed to the reflector in the first programmable shutter module for a second reflection; d. The laser light after the second reflection is filtered for the second time through the second cooling mechanical aperture module; e. After the second filtering, the laser passes through the solid path channel and enters the third cooling mechanical aperture module for the third filtering; f. The laser light after the third filtering enters the fiber coupling module and is refocused before entering the output fiber; g. When the first programmable shutter module is lifted and the second programmable shutter module is lowered, the laser is directly coupled into the second optical fiber through the second optical path; h. When the second programmable shutter module is lifted and the third programmable shutter module is lowered, the laser is directly coupled into the third optical fiber through the third optical path; i. When the third programmable shutter module is lifted and the fourth programmable shutter module is lowered, the laser is directly coupled into the fourth optical fiber through the fourth optical path; j. When all four programmable shutter modules are lifted, the laser directly enters the absorber and is absorbed by the metal part after beam expansion.

[0015] On the basis of the above technical solution, further, the input end of the first telescopic sleeve is connected to the collimating optical module through the fourth cooling mechanical aperture module and the fifth telescopic sleeve; the multi-stage filter assembly includes a second cooling mechanical aperture module, a third telescopic sleeve, a programmable wedge mirror module, a third cooling mechanical aperture module and a fourth telescopic sleeve connected in sequence, the input end of the second cooling mechanical aperture module is connected to the output end of the optical shutter module, and the output end of the fourth telescopic sleeve is connected to the input end of the optical fiber coupling module. The optical shutter module is a programmable optical shutter module, a laser absorber is arranged behind the programmable optical shutter module, the output end of the second telescopic sleeve is connected to the input end of the laser absorber, and the programmable optical shutter module is arranged on the second telescopic sleeve.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The modular fiber-coupled free-space optical path of the solid-state laser designed in the present invention is mainly used to connect the light source interface of the fiber laser, disk laser, rod laser and slab laser, and to transmit and couple the light source laser into the laser fiber. The optical path design can meet single-path output, dual-path output and quad-path output.

[0017] The present invention adopts the same optical path architecture, the same mechanical design, the same cooling water loop design, and the same drying gas design for fiber lasers, disk lasers, rod lasers, and slab lasers. The wavelength, optical numerical aperture, and focal length required to match different transmission optical fibers can be met only by changing the different optical lens sizes, curvatures, coating properties, and wedge mirror angles.

[0018] Compared with the existing optical path optics and optical mechanical designs on the market, in order to ensure the heat generated when using a reflector with higher heat absorption, the optical mechanical design of external copper tube heat dissipation using a buried tube process makes the cooling water circulation closer to the optical lens, which can improve the cooling efficiency and avoid heat loss caused by increased light absorption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a top view of the single light path with non-programmable shutter structure in Example 1.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a top view of the single optical path with programmable optical gate structure in Example 2.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a top view of the dual light path with programmable shutter structure in Example 3.

[0022] Figure 4 1. A top view of the four-light-path programmable shutter structure in Example 4.

[0023] Figure 5 This is the structure of the single optical path with a programmable wedge mirror, i.e., the beam expansion and collimation module in Example 5.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a top view of the reversing reflector in Example 1-5.

[0025] Figure 7 A top view of the cooling mechanical aperture in Example 1-5.

[0026] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the telescopic sleeve in Example 1-5.

[0027] Fig. 9 A top view of the programmable aperture in Example 2-5.

[0028] Fig.10 This is a top view of the programmable wedge mirror in Example 5.

[0029] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional view of the optical fiber coupling module in Example 1-5.

[0030] Fig.12 It is a cross-sectional view of the collimating optical module in Example 5.

[0031] Among them, 1. first telescopic sleeve; 101. tubular mechanical part; 102. port; 103. first compression spring; 2. reversing reflector module; 201. optical mechanical housing; 202. reflector lens; 203. laser beam inlet; 204. laser beam outlet; 205. copper absorber; 206. temperature sensor; 207. scattered light sensor; 3. first cooling mechanical aperture module; 301. aperture mechanical part; 302. copper cooling tube; 303. aperture through hole; 4. second telescopic sleeve; 5. non-editable shutter module; 6. second cooling mechanical aperture module; 7. third telescopic sleeve; 8. fixed diameter channel; 9. The third cooling mechanical aperture module; 10. The fourth telescopic sleeve; 11. The optical fiber coupling module; 1101. The QD / QBH fixed head; 1102. The focusing lens fixed cage structure; 1103. The focusing lens; 1104. The tension spring; 1105. The top screw; 1106. The cylindrical mechanical housing; 1107. The optical fiber ring; 12. The editable shutter module; 1201. The programmable motor; 13. The laser absorber; 14. The fourth cooling mechanical aperture module; 15. The fifth telescopic sleeve; 16. The collimating optical module; 1601. The optical beam expander lens; 1602. The optical collimating lens; 17. The programmable wedge mirror module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application equally. Example

[0033] This embodiment specifically provides a modularized free-space optical path output structure of a coupleable optical fiber suitable for solid-state lasers, and standardizes and modularizes the five major systems of optical, mechanical, electrical, water and gas of the external optical path of various solid-state lasers, so that the optical path design can meet single optical path output, dual optical path output and quad optical path output.

[0034] The main configurations of optical path design include a single optical path with a non-programmable optical shutter structure, a single optical path with a programmable optical shutter structure, a dual optical path programmable optical shutter structure, a quad optical path programmable optical shutter structure, and a single optical path with a programmable wedge mirror, i.e., a beam expansion and collimation module structure.

[0035] In addition, the invention also designs a comprehensive water cooling system and a gas purification system for the resonance cavity.

[0036] The integrated water cooling system mainly includes a laser water separator and a laser heat exchanger. The main structures of the laser heat exchanger are 1. an external water cycle with a valve, 2. an internal water cycle with a water pump and a water tank. 3. a temperature sensor and a temperature control system. The main functions are a. using an external cold water cycle to cool the water temperature of the cooling water in the internal water cycle through a copper thermal glue Juan grid. b. the internal water pump in the internal water cycle delivers cooling water into the laser water separator. c. the temperature sensor measures the cooling water in the internal water tank of the internal cycle, and controls the switch of the solenoid valve on the external cycle to achieve the function of controlling the heat exchange of the internal and external cycles. The main structure of the laser water separator is a single macro-channel polymer machined part.

[0037] The main functions are: a. Receive cooling water from the heat exchanger; b. Connect the cooling water to the corresponding cooling module of the resonant cavity through the quick-connect water port and PVC plastic pipe; c. Gather the hot water returned from the cooling module of the resonant cavity. d. Return the hot water to the water tank of the laser heat exchanger. The cooling water provided by the laser heat exchanger is 28 to 29 degrees Celsius, the water pressure is 3.5 to 4 bar, and the flow rate is 50 liters per minute. The external water circulation input temperature is 18 to 29 degrees Celsius. The water pressure is 5 to 6.5 bar, and the flow rate is 50 liters per minute. The laser water separator is made of POM or other engineering plastics and can withstand a maximum of 10 bar without material failure.

[0038] This embodiment specifically introduces a single optical path with a non-programmable optical shutter structure.

[0039] The single optical path with non-programmable optical shutter structure includes a first telescopic sleeve 1, a reversing reflector module, a first cooling mechanical aperture module 3, a second telescopic sleeve 4, a non-programmable optical shutter module 125, a second cooling mechanical aperture module 6, a third telescopic sleeve 7, a fixed diameter channel 8, a third cooling mechanical aperture module 9, a fourth telescopic sleeve 10 and a fiber coupling module 11 which are connected end to end in sequence.

[0040] The reversing reflector module includes an optomechanical housing 201, in which a reflector lens 202 is fixed in the optomechanical housing 201 in the shape of a 45-degree equilateral triangle. The surface of the optomechanical housing 201 is provided with an embedded copper cooling pipe 302 and a quick-connect water outlet.

[0041] Its main functions are as follows: a. Fix the reflective lens 202 on the lens seat in the optomechanical housing 201. The lens seat is located on the inclined surface of the triangular optomechanical housing 201. The two right-angled sides of the triangular optomechanical housing 201 are respectively provided with a laser beam entrance 203 and a laser beam exit 204. The laser beam entrance 203 and the laser beam exit 204 are both sealed with O-rings. b. Pass the cooling water with a lower temperature into the lens seat to cool the aluminum alloy substrate of the lens seat, the lens pressing ring and the optical lens. c. Take the cooling return water with a higher temperature away from the optomechanical parts. d. The aluminum alloy housing and the lens seat are integrated and used to be fixed on the optical breadboard. e. The copper absorber 205 is used to absorb the part of the laser that the lens fails to reflect on the back of the lens seat. f. The temperature sensor 206 is fixed in the copper absorber 205 to detect the temperature of the optical parts in the reversing reflector. g. Alarm is triggered when the temperature is too high. A scattered light sensor 207 is also provided on the mechanical housing, located below the same side of the reflective lens 202.

[0042] Among them, the main function of the optical breadboard is to install all optical components. The main structure is a single-sided milled aluminum plate with threaded holes, and the back has reinforcing ribs to increase the strength of the substrate. The breadboard substrate is made of cast aluminum or 6-series aluminum, which is first cast and then turned, milled and heat treated. Two sets of hollow tubes are buried inside to cool the substrate. The cooling tubes are mainly buried near the edge of the substrate and the resonant cavity tube to more effectively remove the heat generated by the laser. The pump source is installed and all edge parts are reinforced with reinforcing ribs to prevent deformation.

[0043] The first cooling mechanical aperture module 3, the second cooling mechanical aperture module 6 and the third cooling mechanical aperture module 9 have the same structure, and all include an aperture mechanical component 301 with a circular through hole (aperture through hole 303), and the surface of the aperture mechanical component 301 has a tubular copper cooling tube 302 and a quick-connect water outlet.

[0044] Its main functions are: a. passing the cooling water with a lower temperature into the aperture mechanical part 301 to cool the aperture itself. c. taking the cooling return water with a higher temperature away from the aperture mechanical part 301.

[0045] The first telescopic sleeve 1, the second telescopic sleeve 4, the third telescopic sleeve 7 and the fourth telescopic sleeve 10 have the same structure, and are formed by two tubular mechanical parts 101 with circular through holes nested with each other. The opposite end ports 102 of the two tubular mechanical parts 101 are provided with sealing rings or refractive rings, and the middle nested position of the two tubular mechanical parts 101 is sealed with a skeleton oil seal. The tubular mechanical parts 101 may be cooled by cooling blocks. A first compression spring 103 is provided on the opposite sides of the two tubular mechanical parts 101.

[0046] Its main functions: a. To connect and seal different optical mechanical parts, such as reversing reflectors, optical gates, etc. b. To prevent pollutants or water molecules from the external environment from entering the optical path. c. To prevent the laser in the optical path from leaking out.

[0047] The non-programmable shutter module is actually a second reversing mirror.

[0048] The main structures of the fiber coupling module 11 are: a. QD / QBH fixed head 1101, mainly used to fix the fiber ring 1107 of the QD or QBH interface. b. Focusing lens fixed cage structure 1102, mainly used to fix and move the focusing lens. c. Tension spring top screw structure (including tension spring 1104 and top screw top screw), used to limit the focusing lens fixed cage structure 1102 inside the cylindrical mechanical housing 1106, mainly used to move the focusing lens fixed cage structure 1102; d. Cylindrical mechanical housing 1106, mainly used to fix and seal all the above structures. e. Water-cooled adapter ring, mainly used to cool the mechanical housing, on which a copper cooling water pipe is arranged.

[0049] The QD / QBH fixed head 1101 consists of the following components: a. Fiber optic installation sleeve, which is a cylindrical through-hole structure with a flange and has a round hole on the surface for fixing the positioning pin of the QD or QBH optical head. b. Fiber optic installation clamp, which is used to lock the positioning pin on the fiber optic installation sleeve. c. An optional multi-layer wave spring is used to position the fiber optic installation clamp.

[0050] The focusing lens fixing cage structure 1102 is composed of the following parts: a. A round rectangular mechanical part with a through hole, with a fixing pin on the side for connecting the tension spring 1104. b. A triangular mechanical part with a through hole, with a fixing pin on the front for connecting the tension spring 1104. c. A pressing ring part with a through hole for fixing the optical lens. d. A single convex or double convex transmission lens as the optical lens. e. The above parts are fixed to each other by mechanical engagement or threading.

[0051] The tension spring top screw structure is composed of the following parts: a. Threaded top screw 1105, mainly composed of two hollow bolts nested in each other, with a steel ball on the head for contacting the surface of the cage structure. b. Tension spring 1104, a fixing pin fixed on the side or front of the cage structure, is used to pull the structure. Its main function is to suspend and fix the cage structure in position through the tension of the tension spring. The distance from the cage structure to the top screw end face is controlled by rotating the threaded top screw, thereby controlling the optical axis position of the fixed lens on the cage structure.

[0052] The main structures of the mechanical housing are: a. The barrel structure is used to fix the top wire tension spring, the cage structure and the QD / QBH fixing head 1101, b. The lower connecting mirror seat is used to fix the fiber coupling module 11 on the breadboard, c. The bottom of the mirror seat has a positioning pin for positioning the fiber coupling module 11. d. A scattered light sensor 207 is installed on the top of the optical gate to detect the laser scattering in the optical gate e. An alarm can be issued when the scattered light is too high.

[0053] The main structures of the water cooling adapter ring (actually a cooling mechanical aperture structure) are: a. A mechanical shell with a circular through hole. b. The mechanical surface is provided with an embedded copper cooling pipe 302 and a quick-connect water port. Its main functions are: a. Passing the cooling water with a lower temperature into the vicinity of the aperture to cool the aperture itself. c. Bringing the cooling return water with a higher temperature away from the optical mechanical parts.

[0054] The specific process of outputting laser using a single optical path with a non-programmable shutter structure includes: The input laser light source is reflected for the first time by the reversing reflector; The laser light after the first reflection is filtered for the first time by the first cooling mechanical aperture module 3; The filtered laser is directed to the non-programmable shutter module for a second reflection; The laser light reflected for the second time is filtered for the second time by the second cooling mechanical aperture module 6; The laser light after the second filtering passes through the solid path channel 8 and then enters the third cooling mechanical shutter for filtering; The laser enters the optical fiber coupling module 11 and is refocused before entering the output optical fiber. Example

[0055] This embodiment specifically introduces a single optical path with a programmable optical shutter structure.

[0056] The single optical path with programmable shutter structure comprises a first telescopic sleeve 1, a reversing mirror module, a first cooling mechanical aperture module 3, a second telescopic sleeve 4, a programmable shutter module 12, a laser absorber 13, a second cooling mechanical aperture module 6, a third telescopic sleeve 7, a fixed diameter channel 8, a third cooling mechanical aperture module 9, a fourth telescopic sleeve 10 and a fiber coupling module 11. Among them, the reversing mirror module is sequentially connected end to end through the first telescopic sleeve 1, the reversing mirror module, the first cooling mechanical aperture module 3, the second telescopic sleeve 4, and the laser absorber 13, the editable shutter module 12 is arranged on the second telescopic sleeve 4, and the editable shutter module 12, the laser absorber 13, the second cooling mechanical aperture module 6, the third telescopic sleeve 7, the fixed diameter channel 8, the third cooling mechanical aperture module 9, the fourth telescopic sleeve 10 and the fiber coupling module 11 are sequentially connected end to end.

[0057] Among them, the editable optical shutter module 12 is a 45-degree equilateral triangle optomechanical housing 201 with a reflective lens 202 fixed inside. The reflective lens 202 is located on the inner inclined surface of the triangular optomechanical housing 201. The surface of the optomechanical housing 201 has an embedded copper cooling pipe 302 and a quick-connect water outlet.

[0058] Its main functions are as follows: a. Fix the optical lens on the side wall mirror seat in the optomechanical housing 201. The two right-angled sides of the angular optomechanical housing 201 are respectively provided with a laser beam entrance 203 and a laser beam exit 204, and both the laser beam entrance 203 and the laser beam exit 204 are sealed with O-rings. b. Pass the cooling water with a lower temperature into the mirror seat to cool the aluminum alloy substrate of the mirror seat, the lens pressing ring and the optical lens. c. Take the cooling return water with a higher temperature away from the optomechanical housing 201. d. The aluminum alloy optomechanical housing 201 and the mirror seat are integrated and used to be fixed on the optical breadboard. e. The base on the back of the mirror seat is connected to a programmable motor 1201 for rotating the lens. f. When the lens falls, the laser is reflected on the lens. g. When the lens is lifted, the laser passes through the light gate and enters the next light gate or absorber. h. A scattered light sensor 207 is installed on the top of the light gate to detect the laser scattering in the light gate. i. An alarm can be issued when the scattered light is too high.

[0059] The motor can use a stepper motor or a servo motor to meet the requirements of different lens rotation inertia, rotation accuracy, response speed and closed-loop control.

[0060] The main structure of the laser absorber 13: a. A cylindrical mechanical part, with a copper cooling water pipe fixed on the surface using a tube pressing process for cooling. b. A temperature light sensor is installed on the surface of the cylindrical mechanical part to detect laser scattering in the light gate. c. An alarm can be issued when the temperature light is too high. d. A single concave or double concave transmission lens is used to expand the laser beam.

[0061] The specific process of outputting laser using a single optical path with a programmable optical shutter structure includes: a. The input laser light source is reflected for the first time by the reversing mirror module 2; b. After the first reflection, the laser passes through the first cooling mechanical aperture module 3 for the first filtering; c. When the programmable shutter module falls, the laser light after the first filtering is directed to the reflector in the programmable shutter module for a second reflection; d. After the second reflection, the laser is filtered for the second time through the second cooling mechanical aperture module 6; e. After the second filtering, the laser passes through the solid path channel 8 and enters the third cooling mechanical aperture module 9 for the third filtering; f laser enters the fiber coupling module 11 and refocuses into the output fiber; g. When the programmable shutter module is lifted, the laser directly enters the laser absorber 13 and is absorbed by the metal part after beam expansion. Example

[0062] This embodiment specifically introduces a dual-light path programmable optical shutter structure.

[0063] The dual-path programmable shutter structure is formed by two single-path programmable shutter output structures. Specifically, the programmable shutter module, the second cooling mechanical aperture module 6, the third telescopic sleeve 7, the fixed diameter channel 8, the third cooling mechanical aperture module 9, the fourth telescopic sleeve 10 and the optical fiber coupling module 11 connected in sequence form one optical path. The dual-path programmable shutter output structure is that two sets of programmable shutter modules are arranged on the second telescopic sleeve 4. The two programmable shutter modules cooperate with the second cooling mechanical aperture module 6, the third telescopic sleeve 7, the fixed diameter channel 8, the third cooling mechanical aperture module 9, the fourth telescopic sleeve 10 and the optical fiber coupling module 11 connected in sequence behind each other to form two optical paths. Example

[0064] This embodiment specifically introduces a four-light-path programmable optical shutter structure.

[0065] The four-path programmable shutter structure is formed by four single-path programmable shutter output structures. Specifically, the programmable shutter module, the second cooling mechanical aperture module 6, the third telescopic sleeve 7, the fixed diameter channel 8, the third cooling mechanical aperture module 9, the fourth telescopic sleeve 10 and the optical fiber coupling module 11 connected in sequence form one optical path. The dual-path programmable shutter output structure is that four sets of programmable shutter modules are arranged on the second telescopic sleeve 4. The four programmable shutter modules cooperate with the second cooling mechanical aperture module 6, the third telescopic sleeve 7, the fixed diameter channel 8, the third cooling mechanical aperture module 9, the fourth telescopic sleeve 10 and the optical fiber coupling module 11 connected in sequence behind them to form four optical paths.

[0066] The specific process of laser output by the four-optical path with programmable optical shutter structure includes: a. The input laser light source is reflected for the first time by the reversing reflector; b. After the first reflection, the laser is filtered for the first time by the first cooling mechanical aperture module 3; c. When the programmable shutter falls, the filtered laser is directed to the reflector in the first programmable shutter module for a second reflection; d. After the second reflection, the laser is filtered for the second time through the second cooling mechanical aperture module 6; e. After the second filtering, the laser passes through the solid path channel 8 and enters the third cooling mechanical aperture module 9 for the third filtering; f After the third filtering of the laser into the fiber coupling module 11 and then refocused into the output fiber; g. When the first programmable shutter module is lifted and the second programmable shutter module is lowered, the laser is directly coupled into the second optical fiber through the second optical path; h. When the second programmable shutter module is lifted and the third programmable shutter module is lowered, the laser is directly coupled into the third optical fiber through the third optical path; i. When the third programmable shutter module is lifted and the fourth programmable shutter module is lowered, the laser is directly coupled into the fourth optical fiber through the fourth optical path; j. When all four programmable shutter modules are lifted, the laser directly enters the absorber and is absorbed by the metal part after beam expansion. Example

[0067] This embodiment specifically introduces a single optical path with a programmable wedge mirror and a beam expansion and collimation module structure.

[0068] The single optical path with programmable wedge mirror, i.e., beam expansion and collimation module structure, includes a collimation optical module 16, a fifth telescopic sleeve 15, a fourth cooling mechanical aperture module 14, a first telescopic sleeve 1, a reversing reflector module 2, a second cooling mechanical aperture module 6, a third telescopic sleeve 7 and a laser absorber 13, which are connected end to end in sequence, as well as a second cooling mechanical aperture module 6, a third telescopic sleeve 7, a programmable wedge mirror module 17, a third cooling mechanical aperture module 9, a fourth telescopic sleeve 10 and a fiber coupling module 11, which are connected end to end in sequence.

[0069] In this embodiment, the collimating optical module 16 has the following main structures: a. QBH fixed head, mainly used to fix the output optical fiber of the QBH interface. b. Focusing lens fixed cage structure 1102, mainly used to fix and move the focusing lens 1103. c. Tension spring top wire structure, mainly used to move the focusing lens fixed cage structure 1102. d. Cylindrical mechanical housing 1106, mainly used to fix and seal all the above structures. e. Water-cooled adapter ring, mainly used to cool the mechanical housing.

[0070] The QBH fixed head consists of the following components: a. The optical fiber installation sleeve is a cylindrical through-hole structure with a flange, and there are round holes on the surface for fixing the positioning pin of the QBH optical head. b. The optical fiber installation clamp ring is used to lock the positioning pin on the optical fiber installation sleeve. c. An optional multi-layer wave spring is used to position the optical fiber installation clamp ring.

[0071] The focusing lens fixing cage structure 1102 is composed of the following parts: a. A circular rectangular mechanical part with a through hole, and a fixing pin on the side for connecting the tension spring. b. A triangular mechanical part with a through hole, and a fixing pin on the front for connecting the tension spring. C. A pressure ring component with a through hole is used to fix the optical lens. d. A single concave or double concave transmission lens is used as the optical beam expander lens 1601. f. A single convex or double convex lens is used as the optical collimator lens 1602. g. The optical beam expander lens 1601 and the optical collimator lens 1602 must be used in combination. e. The above components are fixed to each other by mechanical engagement or threading.

[0072] The tension spring top screw structure consists of the following parts: a. Threaded top screw, mainly composed of two hollow bolts nested in each other, with a steel ball on the head for contacting the surface of the cage structure. b. Tension spring, a fixed pin fixed on the side or front of the cage structure to pull the structure. Its main function is to use the tension of the tension spring to suspend and fix the cage structure in position. The distance from the cage structure to the top screw end face is controlled by rotating the threaded top screw, thereby controlling the optical axis position of the fixed lens on the cage structure.

[0073] The main structure of the cylindrical mechanical housing 1106 is as follows: a. The cylindrical structure is used to fix the top wire tension spring structure, the focusing lens fixing cage structure 1102 and the QBH fixing head. b. The lower connecting mirror seat is used to fix the fiber coupling module 11 on the breadboard. c. The bottom of the mirror seat has a positioning pin for positioning the fiber coupling module 11. d. A scattered light sensor 207 is installed on the top of the optical gate to detect the laser scattering in the optical gate. e. An alarm can be issued when the scattered light is too high.

[0074] The main structures of the water cooling adapter ring (actually a cooling mechanical aperture structure) are: a. A mechanical housing with a circular through hole. b. The surface of the mechanical housing is provided with an embedded copper cooling pipe 302 and a quick-connect water port. Its main functions are: a. Passing cooling water with a lower temperature into the vicinity of the aperture to cool the aperture itself. c. Bringing cooling return water with a higher temperature away from the optical mechanical parts.

[0075] The programmable wedge mirror is a rectangular optomechanical housing 201 in which a wedge-shaped lens is fixed. The surface of the optomechanical housing 201 is provided with an embedded copper cooling tube 302 and a quick-connect water outlet. Its main functions are: a. Fix the optical lens on the lens seat; b. Pass the cooling water with a lower temperature into the lens seat to cool the aluminum alloy substrate of the lens seat, the lens pressing ring and the optical lens. c. Bring the cooling return water with a higher temperature away from the optomechanical parts. d. The aluminum alloy housing and the lens seat are integrated and used to be fixed on the optical breadboard. e. The base on the back of the lens seat is connected to a programmable motor 1201 for rotating the lens. f. When the lens falls to different positions, the laser changes the transmission direction by refraction and deviates from the original optical axis. The more positions the lens falls, the farther the optical axis deviates. h. A scattered light sensor 207 is installed on the top of the optical gate to detect the laser scattering in the optical gate. i. An alarm can be issued when the scattered light is too high.

[0076] The motor can use a stepper motor or a servo motor to meet the requirements of different lens rotation inertia, rotation accuracy, response speed and closed-loop control. Example

[0077] The optical path structure designed by this patent is suitable for lasers of different wavelengths, including but not limited to 445 nm, 460 nm, 473 nm, 532 nm, 515 nm, 635 nm, 650 nm, 940 nm, 1030 nm, 1064 nm, and 1070 nm. The optical platform can be used for continuous lasers of 500-24,000 watts and nanosecond pulse lasers with an average power of 50 to 20,000 watts. In order to adapt to the use of different wavelengths and laser pulse lengths, the lens curvature, coating transmittance, and coating reflectivity of all the above-mentioned reflective optics, transmissive optics, collimating optics, and beam expansion optics should be appropriately matched. Example

[0078] The design and processing technology of macro channels in mechanical parts include but are not limited to technologies based on additive manufacturing, shallow buried pipe technology, and stir friction welding technology. Compared with the technology and design based on mechanical processing of cooling water channels, more complex cooling water channels with larger cold surface coverage can be designed to improve cooling efficiency and reduce the reduction of light-to-light conversion efficiency caused by mirror heat absorption.

[0079] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can understand and apply the present invention. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, some simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, without creative work. Therefore, simple improvements made to the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular fiber-coupled free-space optical path output structure suitable for solid-state lasers, characterized in that: It includes an optical path output structure, which includes a reversing reflector module, an optical shutter module and an optical fiber coupling module; Among them, the input end of the reversing reflector module is connected to the first telescopic sleeve, and its output end is connected to the input end of the optical shutter module through the first cooling mechanical aperture module and the second telescopic sleeve in sequence, and its output end is connected to the input end of the optical fiber coupling module through a multi-stage filtering component.

2. According to claim 1, a modularized fiber-coupled free-space optical path output structure suitable for solid-state lasers is characterized in that: The multi-stage filtering assembly includes a second cooling mechanical aperture module, a third telescopic sleeve, a fixed diameter channel, a third cooling mechanical aperture module and a fourth telescopic sleeve which are connected in sequence. The input end of the second cooling mechanical aperture module is connected to the output end of the optical gate module, and the output end of the fourth telescopic sleeve is connected to the input end of the optical fiber coupling module.

3. The modular fiber-coupled free-space optical path output architecture suitable for solid-state lasers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shutter module is a non-editable shutter module, and the single light path output structure is a single light path with a non-programmable shutter structure.

4. The modularized fiber-coupled free-space optical path output structure suitable for solid-state lasers according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific process of outputting laser using a single optical path with a non-programmable shutter structure includes: The input laser light source is reflected for the first time by the reversing reflector module; The laser light after the first reflection is filtered for the first time by the first cooling mechanical aperture module; The laser light after the first filtering is directed to the non-programmable optical shutter module for a second reflection; The laser light reflected for the second time is filtered for the second time by the second cooling mechanical aperture module; The laser light after the second filtering passes through the solid path channel and enters the third cooling mechanical shutter module for the third filtering; The laser light after the third filtering enters the fiber coupling module and is refocused before entering the output fiber.

5. The modularized fiber-coupled free-space optical path output structure suitable for solid-state lasers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shutter module is a programmable shutter module, a laser absorber is arranged behind the programmable shutter module, the output end of the second telescopic sleeve is connected to the input end of the laser absorber, and the programmable shutter module is arranged on the second telescopic sleeve.

6. The modularized fiber-coupled free-space optical path output structure suitable for solid-state lasers according to claim 5, characterized in that: The programmable shutter module, the second cooling mechanical aperture module, the third telescopic sleeve, the fixed diameter channel, the third cooling mechanical aperture module, the fourth telescopic sleeve and the optical fiber coupling module connected in sequence form an optical path, and the single optical path output structure is a single optical path with a programmable shutter structure.

7. The modularized fiber-coupled free-space optical path output structure suitable for solid-state lasers according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific process of outputting laser using a single optical path with a programmable optical shutter structure includes: a. The input laser light source is reflected for the first time by the reversing reflector module; b. The laser light after the first reflection is filtered for the first time by the first cooling mechanical aperture module; c. When the programmable shutter module falls, the laser light after the first filtering is directed to the reflector in the programmable shutter module for a second reflection; d. The laser light after the second reflection is filtered for the second time through the second cooling mechanical aperture module; e. After the second filtering, the laser passes through the solid path channel and enters the third cooling mechanical aperture module for the third filtering; f. The laser enters the fiber coupling module and is refocused before entering the output fiber; g. When the programmable shutter module is lifted, the laser directly enters the laser absorber and is absorbed by the metal part after beam expansion.

8. The modularized fiber-coupled free-space optical path output structure suitable for solid-state lasers according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second telescopic sleeve is provided with 2 optical paths or 4 optical paths. When the second telescopic sleeve is provided with 2 optical paths, a dual optical path with programmable shutter structure is formed; when the second telescopic sleeve is provided with 4 optical paths, a quad optical path with programmable shutter structure is formed.

9. The modularized fiber-coupled free-space optical path output structure suitable for solid-state lasers according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific process of laser output by the four-optical path with programmable optical shutter structure includes: a. The input laser light source is reflected for the first time by the reversing reflector module; b. The laser light after the first reflection is filtered for the first time by the first cooling mechanical aperture module; c. When the programmable shutter falls, the filtered laser is directed to the reflector in the first programmable shutter module for a second reflection; d. The laser light after the second reflection is filtered for the second time through the second cooling mechanical aperture module; e. After the second filtering, the laser passes through the solid path channel and enters the third cooling mechanical aperture module for the third filtering; f. The laser light after the third filtering enters the fiber coupling module and is refocused before entering the output fiber; g. When the first programmable shutter module is lifted and the second programmable shutter module is lowered, the laser is directly coupled into the second optical fiber through the second optical path; h. When the second programmable shutter module is lifted and the third programmable shutter module is lowered, the laser is directly coupled into the third optical fiber through the third optical path; i. When the third programmable shutter module is lifted and the fourth programmable shutter module is lowered, the laser is directly coupled into the fourth optical fiber through the fourth optical path; j. When all four programmable shutter modules are lifted, the laser directly enters the absorber and is absorbed by the metal part after beam expansion.

10. The modularized fiber-coupled free-space optical path output structure suitable for solid-state lasers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input end of the first telescopic sleeve is connected to the collimating optical module through the fourth cooling mechanical aperture module and the fifth telescopic sleeve; The multi-stage filter assembly comprises a second cooling mechanical aperture module, a third telescopic sleeve, a programmable wedge mirror module, a third cooling mechanical aperture module and a fourth telescopic sleeve which are connected in sequence, the input end of the second cooling mechanical aperture module is connected to the output end of the optical shutter module, and the output end of the fourth telescopic sleeve is connected to the input end of the optical fiber coupling module; The shutter module is a programmable shutter module, a laser absorber is arranged behind the programmable shutter module, the output end of the second telescopic sleeve is connected to the input end of the laser absorber, and the programmable shutter module is arranged on the second telescopic sleeve.

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