Mechanical commutator for motor and motor

Abstract

The present application discloses a mechanical commutator for a motor and a motor, including: commutation electrodes and a non-sliding mechanical commutation device, the commutation electrodes are led out from the motor coil to the outside of the commutator and connected to the non-sliding mechanical commutation device, the commutation electrodes are connected one-to-one to the commutation ring inside the non-sliding mechanical commutation device, the motor rotor shaft is connected to the non-sliding mechanical commutation device, the motor rotor shaft rotates to drive the non-sliding mechanical commutation device to synchronously switch the commutation electrodes to the power supply in a non-sliding manner to achieve a commutation function, the structure of the present application, the motor rotor is simple, the moment of inertia is light, and it has the high performance of a DC motor, it is a brushless slip ring device, it can improve reliability, and solve the wear problems of a brushed motor and the complexity of a brushless motor controller, it combines the advantages of easy control of a brushed motor and no wear of a brushless motor, and is a near-zero wear commutator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mechanical commutators for motors and DC motors, and specifically to a mechanical commutator for motors and a DC motor. Background Art

[0002] Mechanical commutators in electric motors are mainly used in DC motors and some types of AC motors, especially in situations where the direction of the current needs to be changed. The mechanical commutator is a physical device that switches the circuit by contacting the brushes on the motor's rotor, thereby ensuring that the motor can continuously produce rotational torque.

[0003] In a DC motor, as the rotor rotates, the brushes contact different parts of the commutator, which are often called commutation plates. Each commutation plate is connected to one or more coils of the rotor winding. As the motor rotates, the commutator switches the phase of the motor coils in time, changing the direction of the current flowing through some coils to ensure that the coil phase meets the magnetic field requirements, so that the direction of the magnetic field generated by the rotor is constant relative to the direction of the magnetic field of the stator, thereby generating a continuous rotational torque.

[0004] The main types of commutators are:

[0005] Brushless commutator: The brushless commutator is the most common type, using carbon brushes as contact material to contact the commutation plates to transfer current. The brushless commutator is simple and effective in design, but the carbon brushes will wear out over time and need to be replaced regularly.

[0006] Metal brush commutator: Using brushes made of metal instead of carbon brushes reduces wear, but due to the greater friction between the metal brushes and the commutation plates, it may cause more sparks and electromagnetic interference.

[0007] DC motors are widely used in various applications that require precise control of speed and position, such as elevators, cranes, power tools, etc. In some special applications, such as household appliances and industrial equipment, AC motors with mechanical commutators are also used.

[0008] Traditional brushed DC motors require copper rings and brushes for phase commutation to ensure the operation of the rotor. Traditional brushless motors require the rotor coil to be transferred to the stator and then operated with an electronic commutator. Existing brushless motors are all sliding contacts, which are prone to wear and sparks. Brushless motors have problems such as complex controllers and high costs.

[0009] Therefore, the market demand for low-wear, low-cost mechanical commutators and motors is increasing. Summary of the invention

[0010] The present application provides a mechanical commutator for a motor and a DC motor, which have the advantages of low wear and low cost and can solve the problems in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0011] The technical solution adopted by the present application to solve its technical problems is: a mechanical commutator for a motor, including commutation electrodes and a non-sliding mechanical commutation device, the commutation electrodes are led out from the motor coil to the outside of the commutator and connected to the non-sliding mechanical commutation device, the commutation electrodes are connected one-to-one to the commutation ring inside the non-sliding mechanical commutation device, the motor rotor shaft is connected to the non-sliding mechanical commutation device, and the rotation of the motor rotor shaft drives the non-sliding mechanical commutation device to synchronously switch the commutation electrodes to the power supply in a non-sliding manner to realize the commutation function.

[0012] When the motor rotor shaft of the mechanical commutator for this motor rotates, the motor rotor shaft drives the non-sliding mechanical commutation device to switch the commutation electrodes in a non-sliding manner, thereby solving the high wear problem caused by the sliding manner of the traditional commutator. The matched motor rotor is simple, has a light moment of inertia, and has the high performance of a DC motor. It is a brushless slip ring device, which can improve reliability and solve the wear problems of brushed motors and the complexity problems of brushless motor controllers. It combines the advantages of easy control of brushed motors and zero wear of brushless motors, and is a near-zero wear commutator.

[0013] Preferably, the mechanical commutation device includes a commutation ring, a conductive roller, and a power supply ring. The commutation ring is connected to the coil of the stator of the DC motor and contacts the conductive roller. The conductive roller contacts the power supply ring. The power supply ring is connected to the power supply. When the power supply ring is energized, the motor rotor shaft rotates to drive the conductive roller to roll along the inside or outside of the power supply ring to achieve commutation.

[0014] Preferably, a first connecting member and a second connecting member are fixedly connected on both sides of the motor rotor shaft, the first connecting member is fixedly connected to the first bearing, the second connecting member is fixedly connected to the second bearing, a first conductive roller parallel to the motor rotor shaft is sleeved on the first bearing, a second conductive roller parallel to the motor rotor shaft is sleeved on the second bearing, a first power supply ring parallel to the motor rotor shaft is sleeved on the outer side of the first conductive roller, a second power supply ring parallel to the motor rotor shaft is sleeved on the outer side of the second conductive roller, a phase-changing ring is located between the first power supply ring and the second power supply ring, there is a certain space between the three horizontally, the inner side of the phase-changing ring is in contact with the outer sides of the two conductive rollers respectively, the two power supply rings are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply, and the rotation of the motor rotor shaft drives the two conductive rollers to roll and rotate along the inner sides of the two power supply rings at the same time to realize phase switching.

[0015] Preferably, a symmetrically arranged first connecting member and a second connecting member are fixedly connected on both sides of the motor rotor shaft, the first connecting member is fixedly connected to the first bearing, and the second connecting member is fixedly connected to the second bearing. A first conductive roller parallel to the motor rotor shaft is sleeved on the first bearing, and a second conductive roller parallel to the motor rotor shaft is sleeved on the second bearing. Insulators are respectively sleeved on the first connecting member and the second connecting member at positions adjacent to the first conductive roller and the second conductive roller. A first power supply ring parallel to the motor rotor shaft is sleeved on the inner side of the first conductive roller, and a second power supply ring parallel to the motor rotor shaft is sleeved on the inner side of the second conductive roller. The two insulators contact the first power supply ring and the second power supply ring respectively. The phase-changing ring is located between the first power supply ring and the second power supply ring. The outer sides of the phase-changing ring are respectively in contact with the two conductive rollers. There is a certain space between the first power supply ring, the second power supply ring and the phase-changing ring horizontally. The two power supply rings are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply. The rotation of the motor rotor shaft drives the two conductive rollers to roll and rotate along the outer sides of the two power supply rings at the same time to realize phase switching.

[0016] Preferably, the first connecting member and the second connecting member have the same shape and size, both are L-shaped, and both are connected to the motor rotor shaft through one of the end points of the L-shape, and the end points of the two connecting to the motor rotor shaft are the same but in different directions.

[0017] Preferably, the angle between the first connecting member and the second connecting member is 180°.

[0018] Preferably, the first connecting member and the second connecting member have the same shape and size, both are L-shaped, and both are symmetrically connected to the motor rotor shaft.

[0019] A motor comprises any one of the above-mentioned mechanical commutators for the motor.

[0020] A vehicle adopts any one of the above-mentioned mechanical commutator or motor for the motor.

[0021] The substantial effect of the present application is that when the motor rotor shaft of the motor mechanical commutator rotates, the motor rotor shaft drives the non-sliding mechanical commutation device to switch the commutation electrodes in a non-sliding manner, thereby solving the high wear problem caused by the sliding manner of the traditional commutator. The matched motor rotor is simple, has a light moment of inertia, and has the high performance of a DC motor. It is a brushless slip ring device, which can improve reliability and solve the wear problems of brushed motors and the complexity problems of brushless motor controllers. It combines the advantages of easy control of brushed motors and no wear of brushless motors, and is a near-zero wear commutator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a reversing ring in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the conductive roller structure of the fourth embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the conductive roller structure of Example 5 of the present application.

[0028] In the figure: 1. commutation ring; 2. first connecting member; 3. second connecting member; 4. first bearing; 5. second bearing; 6. motor rotor shaft; 7. stator; 8. first conductive roller; 9. second conductive roller; 10. first power supply ring; 11. second power supply ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solution of the present application is further described below through specific embodiments. Embodiment 1

[0030] like Figure 1 and 4As shown, a mechanical commutator for a motor includes commutation electrodes and a non-sliding mechanical commutation device. The commutation electrodes are led out from the motor coil to the outside of the commutator and connected to the non-sliding mechanical commutation device. The commutation electrodes are connected one-to-one to the commutation rings inside the non-sliding mechanical commutation device. The motor rotor shaft 6 is connected to the non-sliding mechanical commutation device. The rotation of the motor rotor shaft 6 drives the non-sliding mechanical commutation device to synchronously switch the commutation electrodes to the power supply in a non-sliding manner to achieve a commutation function. The motor rotor shaft 6 is located above the motor rotor. This structure interchanges the rotor and stator of the brushed DC motor. The rotor does not need to be wound, and the coil is embedded in the stator. The first connecting member 2 and the second connecting member 3 are fixedly connected on both sides of the motor rotor shaft 6. The first connecting member 2 and the second connecting member 3 have the same shape and size. Both are L-shaped and are connected to the motor rotor shaft 6 through one of the end points of the L-shape. The end points of the two connecting the motor rotor shaft 6 are the same, but in different directions. The angle between the first connecting member 2 and the second connecting member 3 is 180°. Therefore, the first connecting member 2 and the second connecting member 3 are both arranged perpendicular to the motor rotor shaft 6. The first connecting member 2 is fixedly connected to the first bearing 4, and the second connecting member 3 is fixedly connected to the second bearing 5. The first bearing 4 is sleeved with a first conductive roller 8 parallel to the motor rotor shaft 6, and the second bearing 5 is sleeved with a second conductive roller 9 parallel to the motor rotor shaft 6. The first conductive roller The outer side of the roller 8 is sleeved with a first power supply ring 10 parallel to the motor rotor shaft 6, and the outer side of the second conductive roller 9 is sleeved with a second power supply ring 11 parallel to the motor rotor shaft 6. The phase change ring 1 is located between the first power supply ring 10 and the second power supply ring 11. Since insulation needs to be left between the power supply ring and the phase change ring, there is a certain space between the three horizontally. The inner side of the phase change ring 1 contacts the outer sides of the two conductive rollers respectively. The two power supply rings are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply respectively. The rotation of the motor rotor shaft 6 drives the two conductive rollers to rotate respectively and roll along the inner sides of the two power supply rings to realize phase change. It should be noted that the first connecting member 2, the second connecting member 3, the first bearing 4, the second bearing 5, the first conductive roller 8, and the second conductive roller 9 are several and must be an even number corresponding to the corresponding relationship of the above structure. The mechanical phase changer for this motor abandons the traditional sliding contact phase change, adopts rolling contact to reduce friction, and has a simple structure and low overall cost. Embodiment 2

[0031] like Figure 2As shown, a mechanical commutator for a motor is shown. In this embodiment, the two angles between the first conductive roller 8 and the second conductive roller 9 are different, and the two angles between the two corresponding connecting members connecting the motor rotor shaft 6 are different. The first conductive roller 8 and the second conductive roller 9 are arranged one high and one low along the length direction of the motor rotor shaft 6. The first conductive roller 8 is sleeved with a first power supply ring 10 parallel to the motor rotor shaft 6 on the outside, and the second conductive roller 9 is sleeved with a second power supply ring 11 parallel to the motor rotor shaft 6 on the outside. The commutation ring 1 is located between the first power supply ring 10 and the second power supply ring 11. Since insulation needs to be left between the power supply ring and the commutation ring, there is a certain space between the three horizontally. The inner side of the commutation ring 1 contacts the outer sides of the two conductive rollers respectively, and the two power supply rings are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply respectively. The rotation of the motor rotor shaft 6 drives the two conductive rollers to rotate respectively and roll along the inner sides of the two power supply rings to realize commutation. The mechanical commutator for the motor abandons the traditional sliding contact commutation, adopts rolling contact to reduce friction, and has a simple structure and low overall cost. Embodiment 3

[0032] like Figure 3As shown, a mechanical commutator for a motor includes a commutation electrode and a non-sliding mechanical commutation device. The commutation electrode is led out to the outside of the commutator. The motor rotor shaft 6 is connected to the non-sliding mechanical commutation device of the commutator. The rotation of the motor rotor shaft 6 drives the non-sliding mechanical commutation device to synchronously switch the commutation electrode to the power supply in a non-sliding manner to achieve a commutation function. The mechanical commutation device includes a commutation ring 1, a conductive roller, and a power supply ring. The commutation ring 1 is connected to the coil of the stator 7 of the DC motor and contacts the conductive roller. The conductive roller contacts the power supply ring. The power supply ring is connected to the power supply. After the power supply ring is energized, the motor rotor shaft 6 rotates and drives the conductive roller to roll and rotate along the inner or outer side of the power supply ring to achieve commutation. The non-sliding mechanical commutation device of this embodiment uses a conductive roller to roll and rotate along the outer side of the power supply ring to achieve commutation. Specifically, the motor rotor shaft 6 is fixedly connected to a symmetrically arranged first connecting member 2 and a second connecting member 3 on both sides. The connecting member 2 and the second connecting member 3 have the same shape and size, and both are L-shaped. The two are symmetrically connected to the motor rotor shaft 6. Part 2 is fixedly connected to the first bearing 4, and the second connecting part 3 is fixedly connected to the second bearing 5. The first bearing 4 is sleeved with a first conductive roller 8 parallel to the motor rotor shaft 6, and the second bearing 5 is sleeved with a second conductive roller 9 parallel to the motor rotor shaft 6. Insulators are respectively sleeved on the first connecting part 2 and the second connecting part 3 adjacent to the first conductive roller 8 and the second conductive roller 9. The inner side of the first conductive roller 8 is sleeved with a first power supply ring 10 parallel to the motor rotor shaft 6, and the inner side of the second conductive roller 9 is sleeved with a second power supply ring 11 parallel to the motor rotor shaft 6. The two insulators contact the first power supply ring 10 and the second power supply ring 11 respectively. The commutation ring 1 is located between the first power supply ring 10 and the second power supply ring 11. The outer side of the commutation ring 1 is respectively in contact with the two conductive rollers. There is a certain space between the first power supply ring 10, the second power supply ring 11 and the commutation ring 1 horizontally. The two power supply rings are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply. The rotation of the motor rotor shaft 6 drives the two conductive rollers to roll and rotate along the outer sides of the two power supply rings at the same time to realize phase commutation. Embodiment 4

[0033] like Figure 5 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that there are three first connecting member 2, three second connecting member 3, three first bearings 4, three second bearings 5, three first conductive rollers 8, and three second conductive rollers 9, and the corresponding connection relationship is consistent with that of the first embodiment. Embodiment 5

[0034] like Figure 6 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that there are three first connecting member 2, three second connecting member 3, three first bearings 4, three second bearings 5, three first conductive rollers 8, and three second conductive rollers 9, and the corresponding connection relationship is consistent with that of the first embodiment. Embodiment 6

[0035] A motor comprises a mechanical commutator for the motor as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 4. Embodiment 7

[0036] A vehicle adopts the mechanical commutator for a motor according to any one of the first to fourth embodiments or the motor according to the fifth embodiment.

[0037] The above-described embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present application and does not limit the present application in any form. There are other variations and modifications without exceeding the technical solution described in the claims.

Claims

1. A mechanical commutator for a motor, characterized in that: The invention comprises a commutation electrode and a non-sliding mechanical commutation device, wherein the commutation electrode is led out from the motor coil to the outside of the commutator and connected to the non-sliding mechanical commutation device, the commutation electrodes are connected one by one to the commutation ring inside the non-sliding mechanical commutation device, the motor rotor shaft (6) is connected to the non-sliding mechanical commutation device, and the motor rotor shaft (6) rotates to drive the non-sliding mechanical commutation device to synchronously switch the commutation electrode to the power supply in a non-sliding manner, thereby realizing the commutation function. A first connecting member (2) and a second connecting member (3) are fixedly connected to both sides of a motor rotor shaft (6) and are symmetrically arranged. The first connecting member (2) is fixedly connected to a first bearing (4), and the second connecting member (3) is fixedly connected to a second bearing (5). A first conductive roller (8) parallel to the motor rotor shaft (6) is sleeved on the first bearing (4), and a second conductive roller (9) parallel to the motor rotor shaft (6) is sleeved on the second bearing (5). Insulators are sleeved on the first connecting member (2) and the second connecting member (3) at positions adjacent to the first conductive roller (8) and the second conductive roller (9), and a conductive roller (9) parallel to the motor rotor shaft (6) is sleeved on the inner side of the first conductive roller (8). A first power supply ring (10) is provided on the inner side of the second conductive roller (9), and a second power supply ring (11) parallel to the motor rotor shaft (6) is sleeved thereon; two insulators contact the first power supply ring (10) and the second power supply ring (11) respectively; a commutation ring (1) is located between the first power supply ring (10) and the second power supply ring (11); the outer side of the commutation ring (1) contacts the two conductive rollers respectively; a certain space exists horizontally between the first power supply ring (10), the second power supply ring (11) and the commutation ring (1); the two power supply rings are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply respectively; the motor rotor shaft (6) rotates to drive the two conductive rollers to roll and rotate simultaneously along the outer sides of the two power supply rings to realize commutation.

2. The mechanical commutator for a motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical commutation device comprises a commutation ring (1), a conductive roller, and a power supply ring. The commutation ring (1) is connected to the coil of the stator (7) of the DC motor and contacts the conductive roller. The conductive roller contacts the power supply ring. The power supply ring is connected to a power supply. When the power supply ring is energized, the motor rotor shaft (6) rotates to drive the conductive roller to roll along the inner side or the outer side of the power supply ring to achieve commutation.

3. The mechanical commutator for a motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first connecting member (2) and the second connecting member (3) have the same shape and size, are both L-shaped, and are symmetrically connected to the motor rotor shaft (6).

4. A mechanical commutator for a motor, characterized in that: The invention comprises a commutation electrode and a non-sliding mechanical commutation device, wherein the commutation electrode is led out from the motor coil to the outside of the commutator and connected to the non-sliding mechanical commutation device, the commutation electrodes are connected one by one to the commutation ring inside the non-sliding mechanical commutation device, the motor rotor shaft (6) is connected to the non-sliding mechanical commutation device, the motor rotor shaft (6) rotates to drive the non-sliding mechanical commutation device to synchronously switch the commutation electrode to the power supply in a non-sliding manner, thereby realizing a commutation function, the motor rotor shaft (6) is fixedly connected to a first connecting member (2) and a second connecting member (3) on both sides, the first connecting member (2) is fixedly connected to a first bearing (4), the second connecting member (3) is fixedly connected to a second bearing (5), and the first bearing (4) is sleeved with a connecting member connected to the motor rotor shaft (6). A first conductive roller (8) parallel to the motor rotor shaft (6) is sleeved on the second bearing (5), a second conductive roller (9) parallel to the motor rotor shaft (6) is sleeved on the outer side of the first conductive roller (8), a first power supply ring (10) parallel to the motor rotor shaft (6) is sleeved on the outer side of the second conductive roller (9), a second power supply ring (11) parallel to the motor rotor shaft (6) is sleeved on the outer side of the second conductive roller (9), a commutation ring (1) is located between the first power supply ring (10) and the second power supply ring (11), and a certain space exists between the three horizontally, the inner side of the commutation ring (1) is in contact with the outer sides of the two conductive rollers respectively, the two power supply rings are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply respectively, and the rotation of the motor rotor shaft (6) drives the two conductive rollers to roll and rotate along the inner sides of the two power supply rings simultaneously to realize phase commutation.

5. The mechanical commutator for a motor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first connecting member (2) and the second connecting member (3) have the same shape and size, are both L-shaped, and are both connected to the motor rotor shaft (6) via one of the end points of the L-shape, and the end points of the two connecting to the motor rotor shaft (6) are the same but in different directions.

6. The mechanical commutator for a motor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The included angle between the first connecting member (2) and the second connecting member (3) is 180°.

7. A motor, characterized in that: It comprises a mechanical commutator for a motor as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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