A Dynamic Spectrum Scheduling Method and System

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of dynamic spectrum scheduling, and provides a dynamic spectrum scheduling method and system, including constructing a distributed ledger for recording spectrum allocation, load conditions, and interference information of narrowband base stations; constructing a blockchain main chain, and using the main chain to share the distributed ledger among the managed narrowband base stations based on a dynamic auxiliary chain; the narrowband base stations perform topology partitioning based on the interference information, divide the network into multiple sub-regions, and construct a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region; the dynamic auxiliary chain performs spectrum scheduling on the sub-region to which it belongs according to a preset smart contract, and updates the dynamic auxiliary chain according to the scheduling result; and asynchronously synchronizes the main chain according to the update result of the dynamic auxiliary chain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of dynamic spectrum scheduling, and particularly relates to a dynamic spectrum scheduling method and system. Background Art

[0002] As a wireless communication technology designed specifically for low-power wide-area (LPWA) scenarios, NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT) has been widely applied in fields such as smart cities, smart agriculture, and industrial monitoring. The narrowband base stations in the NB-IoT network are important infrastructures for realizing the access and communication of terminal devices, and their performance directly affects the service quality of the entire network. However, due to the generally lightweight design of narrowband base stations, their hardware performance and computing power are relatively low, showing the following deficiencies when facing complex network environments and high-frequency spectrum requirements:

[0003] The spectrum bandwidth used by narrowband communication technology is relatively narrow (usually 180 kHz), and the spectrum resources are very limited. When a large number of terminal devices access, the spectrum utilization rate decreases, making it difficult to meet the needs of multi-device concurrent communication. Especially in scenarios with dense devices or bursty loads, the problem of spectrum resource allocation is particularly prominent.

[0004] In a NB-IoT network with high-density deployment, the co-channel interference, adjacent-band interference between narrowband base stations, and signal mutual interference between terminal devices significantly reduce the communication quality. In addition, the noise interference in the external environment further deteriorates the channel state, resulting in a decrease in transmission efficiency.

[0005] Due to the uneven distribution of users and the dynamic changes in the requirements of terminal devices, there are significant differences in the loads of different narrowband base stations. Some base stations are short of spectrum resources and overloaded, while other base stations may have idle resources, resulting in low overall resource utilization.

[0006] Current spectrum scheduling methods mostly adopt a centralized architecture and need to uniformly optimize the spectrum resources of the entire network. When the device scale increases or the base station density increases, the computational overhead and scheduling delay increase significantly. Especially in the case where the performance of narrowband base stations is limited, it is difficult to meet the real-time requirements.

[0007] To solve the above problems, there is an urgent need for a dynamic scheduling method that can take into account the efficient utilization of spectrum resources, interference suppression, and load balancing, and at the same time adapt to the characteristics of relatively low performance of narrowband base stations. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a dynamic spectrum scheduling method, which includes the following steps:

[0009] Construct a distributed ledger, which is used to record the spectrum allocation, load conditions, and interference information of narrowband base stations;

[0010] Construct a blockchain main chain, and use the main chain to share the distributed ledger among the managed narrowband base stations based on a dynamic auxiliary chain;

[0011] The narrowband base stations perform topology partitioning based on the interference information, divide the network into multiple sub-regions, and construct a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region;

[0012] The dynamic auxiliary chain performs spectrum scheduling for the sub-region to which it belongs according to a preset smart contract, and updates the dynamic auxiliary chain according to the scheduling result;

[0013] Asynchronously synchronize the main chain according to the updated result of the dynamic auxiliary chain.

[0014] Further, the narrowband base stations perform topology partitioning based on the interference information, divide the network into multiple sub-regions, and construct a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region specifically including:

[0015] Collect and record interference information, user requirements, and coverage area through narrowband base stations to construct an initial topology structure of the network;

[0016] Construct an interference graph and a user distribution graph based on interference weights and user distributions;

[0017] Use clustering or graph partitioning algorithms to divide the network into regions, aiming to minimize interference between regions and balance the load within regions, and divide the network into several sub-regions;

[0018] Initialize a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region, and record and manage the spectrum resource usage and load status of the base stations within the region.

[0019] Further, the initializing a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region and recording and managing the spectrum resource usage and load status of the base stations within the region includes:

[0020] Ledger initialization, create an initial record in the auxiliary chain, the content including the spectrum resource allocation, the current load status, and the historical scheduling records of the base stations within the sub-region;

[0021] Node registration, all the base stations within the sub-region are registered as dynamic auxiliary chain nodes to ensure that they have the permission to participate in spectrum scheduling and ledger update;

[0022] Smart contract deployment, deploy a smart contract for regional spectrum scheduling in the dynamic auxiliary chain;

[0023] Connect to the main chain, establish a connection between the dynamic auxiliary chain and the blockchain main chain, and synchronize the scheduling results within the region to the main chain according to a period or a trigger condition to support cross-region collaboration and global optimization.

[0024] Further, the rules of the smart contract include:

[0025] Spectrum Allocation Rules:

[0026] Prioritize allocating frequency bands with interference lower than a preset value to high-priority users or base stations;

[0027] Dynamically adjust the spectrum allocation weight according to the real-time load status;

[0028] Avoid adjacent base stations from using the same frequency band to reduce the probability of spectrum conflict;

[0029] Load Balancing Rules:

[0030] Monitor the load status of base stations;

[0031] Reallocate spectrum resources between base stations with a load higher than the preset value and base stations with a load lower than the preset value;

[0032] Interference Minimization Rules:

[0033] Calculate the interference weight between base stations in the area and allocate non-overlapping spectra according to the weight;

[0034] Perform time slot multiplexing on frequency bands with interference higher than the preset value to avoid simultaneous use.

[0035] Furthermore, the asynchronous synchronization of the main chain according to the dynamic auxiliary chain update result includes:

[0036] After the dynamic auxiliary chain completes spectrum scheduling within the sub-region, record the scheduling result and generate update content, including the spectrum allocation plan, load balancing result, interference coordination status, and smart contract execution record;

[0037] The dynamic auxiliary chain initiates a synchronization request to the main chain through a preset trigger mechanism;

[0038] The dynamic auxiliary chain packs and signs the update result and uploads it to the main chain through a secure channel;

[0039] The main chain verifies and integrates the received data, appends it as a new block to the main chain ledger, and forms a global view of the network-wide spectrum resources;

[0040] The main chain feeds back the synchronization result, performs optimization adjustment of spectrum resources based on the global data view, and distributes the optimization plan to each dynamic auxiliary chain to guide subsequent scheduling.

[0041] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a dynamic spectrum scheduling system, which includes the following modules:

[0042] Distributed Ledger Module, used to construct a distributed ledger for recording spectrum allocation, load conditions, and interference information of narrowband base stations;

[0043] The main chain module is used to construct the blockchain main chain, and share the distributed ledger among the managed narrowband base stations based on the dynamic auxiliary chain using the main chain;

[0044] The partitioning module is used for the narrowband base station to perform topology partitioning based on the interference information, divide the network into multiple sub-regions, and construct a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region;

[0045] The scheduling module is used for the dynamic auxiliary chain to perform spectrum scheduling on the sub-region to which it belongs according to a preset smart contract, and update the dynamic auxiliary chain according to the scheduling result;

[0046] The synchronization module is used to asynchronously synchronize the main chain according to the dynamic auxiliary chain update result.

[0047] Further, the narrowband base station performs topology partitioning based on the interference information, divides the network into multiple sub-regions, and constructs a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region specifically including:

[0048] Collect and record interference information, user requirements, and coverage by the narrowband base station to construct the initial topology structure of the network;

[0049] Construct an interference graph and a user distribution graph based on interference weights and user distributions;

[0050] Use clustering or graph segmentation algorithms to perform regional partitioning on the network, aiming to minimize interference between regions and balance the load within regions, and divide the network into several sub-regions;

[0051] Initialize the dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region, and record and manage the spectrum resource usage and load status of the base stations within the region.

[0052] Further, the initializing the dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region and recording and managing the spectrum resource usage and load status of the base stations within the region includes:

[0053] Ledger initialization, create an initial record in the auxiliary chain, the content including the spectrum resource allocation of the base stations within the sub-region, the current load status, and the historical scheduling record;

[0054] Node registration, all base stations within the sub-region are registered as dynamic auxiliary chain nodes to ensure their permission to participate in spectrum scheduling and ledger update;

[0055] Smart contract deployment, deploy the smart contract for regional spectrum scheduling in the dynamic auxiliary chain;

[0056] Connect to the main chain, the dynamic auxiliary chain establishes a connection with the blockchain main chain, and synchronizes the scheduling results within the region to the main chain according to a period or trigger condition, supporting cross-region collaboration and global optimization.

[0057] Further, the rules of the smart contract include:

[0058] Spectrum allocation rules:

[0059] Prioritize allocating frequency bands with interference below a preset value to high-priority users or base stations;

[0060] Dynamically adjust the spectrum allocation weight according to the real-time load status;

[0061] Avoid adjacent base stations from using the same frequency band to reduce the probability of spectrum conflict;

[0062] Load balancing rules:

[0063] Monitor the load status of base stations;

[0064] Reallocate spectrum resources between base stations with a load higher than the preset value and base stations with a load lower than the preset value;

[0065] Interference minimization rules:

[0066] Calculate the interference weight between base stations in the area and allocate non-overlapping spectra according to the weight;

[0067] Perform time slot multiplexing on frequency bands with interference higher than the preset value to avoid simultaneous use.

[0068] Furthermore, the asynchronous synchronization of the main chain according to the dynamic auxiliary chain update result includes:

[0069] After the dynamic auxiliary chain completes spectrum scheduling within the sub-region, it records the scheduling result and generates update content, including the spectrum allocation scheme, load balancing result, interference coordination status, and smart contract execution record;

[0070] The dynamic auxiliary chain initiates a synchronization request to the main chain through a preset trigger mechanism;

[0071] The dynamic auxiliary chain packs and signs the update result and uploads it to the main chain through a secure channel;

[0072] The main chain verifies and integrates the received data, appends it as a new block to the main chain ledger, and forms a global view of the network-wide spectrum resources;

[0073] The main chain feeds back the synchronization result, optimizes and adjusts the spectrum resources based on the global data view, and distributes the optimization scheme to each dynamic auxiliary chain to guide subsequent scheduling.

[0074] The dynamic spectrum scheduling method proposed by the present invention has the following beneficial effects in the narrowband base station scenario based on blockchain technology:

[0075] Through the distributed ledger technology and asynchronous synchronization mechanism, the computationally intensive tasks are distributed to the auxiliary chain and the main chain for operation, avoiding the problem that narrowband base stations cannot complete complex scheduling tasks due to insufficient performance, and effectively improving the operation efficiency and robustness of the system.

[0076] Through the refined management of spectrum resources within sub-regions by the dynamic auxiliary chain and the global optimization of cross-regional resources by the main chain, with a global view, dynamic allocation and reuse of the spectrum are achieved, significantly improving the spectrum utilization rate, especially prominent in the resource-constrained narrowband base station environment.

[0077] Based on interference information, the network topology is partitioned, and high-interference base stations are assigned to the same sub-region. By optimizing the spectrum allocation strategy through in-region cooperation, the interference superposition between regions is reduced. At the same time, the intelligent contract automated scheduling further suppresses channel interference and improves communication quality.

[0078] The hierarchical management structure decomposes spectrum scheduling into local optimization within sub-regions and global coordination across regions. The auxiliary chain independently completes spectrum allocation within the region, and the main chain only processes global data integration and cross-regional optimization, significantly reducing the computational complexity of the whole network scheduling.

[0079] Based on the distributed ledger and consensus mechanism of the blockchain, it ensures the data security and credibility in the spectrum scheduling process. At the same time, the asynchronous synchronization mechanism between the main chain and the auxiliary chain maintains the consistency of the whole network data, providing a guarantee for the reliable operation of the system.

[0080] Through the above effects, this method can effectively solve problems such as limited spectrum resources, complex interference, and uneven load in narrowband base stations, significantly improving the communication performance and resource management efficiency of the network, and is particularly suitable for the Internet of Things application scenarios of low-performance narrowband base stations. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0081] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0082] Figure 1 is the flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0083] Next, with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be preferably described.

[0084] This embodiment solves the above problems through the following steps:

[0085] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 1, the present invention provides a dynamic spectrum scheduling method. This method realizes the efficient allocation and optimization of spectrum resources based on blockchain technology by dynamically sensing the spectrum usage, user requirements, and interference characteristics of narrowband base stations, so as to meet the bandwidth requirements, quality of service requirements, and interference suppression objectives of different base stations and user devices in specific communication scenarios.

[0086] In the present invention, dynamic spectrum scheduling refers to the process of dynamically adjusting the spectrum resource allocation strategy according to the real-time collected network status (such as user load, interference information, and channel quality) under the condition of limited spectrum resources, so as to optimize the communication performance and resource utilization efficiency.

[0087] Narrowband base stations specifically refer to base station devices used to support narrowband communication protocols (such as NB-IoT), which are usually used in the Internet of Things scenarios with low rate, low power consumption, and large-scale connections, and have the characteristics of limited spectrum resources and limited hardware capabilities.

[0088] Based on the characteristics of limited spectrum resources and limited hardware capabilities of narrowband base stations, the present invention conducts dynamic spectrum scheduling, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0089] Step S10, construct a distributed ledger, which is used to record the spectrum allocation, load conditions, and interference information of narrowband base stations.

[0090] A distributed ledger refers to a ledger system based on distributed storage technology, which is used to share and store data among multiple network nodes (such as the narrowband base stations targeted by the present invention). This ledger has the characteristic of decentralization. Each node can access the complete content of the ledger and ensure the synchronization and consistency of data through a consensus mechanism. The construction of a distributed ledger can avoid single-point failures and improve the robustness and data security of the system.

[0091] Spectrum allocation refers to the process of allocating limited wireless spectrum resources to different narrowband base stations or user devices as needed to meet communication requirements. The ledger records spectrum allocation information to track the spectrum usage status of each base station and provide a basis for dynamic adjustment and optimization.

[0092] Load conditions refer to the communication load borne by narrowband base stations within a certain period of time, including but not limited to the number of user connections, bandwidth requirements, and traffic occupancy ratio. The recording of load information can be used to evaluate the resource utilization efficiency and load balancing situation of base stations.

[0093] Interference information refers to interference parameters that affect the quality of wireless communication, including but not limited to spectrum overlap interference between adjacent base stations, signal interference between user devices, and noise interference in the external environment. Interference information provides an optimization basis for spectrum scheduling and cooperation between base stations.

[0094] In this step, the distributed ledger is a decentralized data storage and management system based on distributed storage technology. The ledger is used to record the spectrum allocation information, load conditions, and interference information of narrowband base stations, aiming to achieve information sharing among multiple narrowband base stations and efficient coordinated management of spectrum resources.

[0095] The main function of the distributed ledger is to serve as the core data storage platform for narrowband base station spectrum scheduling. By recording and sharing real-time status information, it provides data support for spectrum allocation, interference coordination, and load balancing among base stations. Specific uses include:

[0096] Record the current allocation status and historical allocation records of base station spectra, providing a decision-making basis for dynamic adjustment and optimization.

[0097] By recording the real-time communication load of base stations, including the number of connected users, bandwidth requirements, and quality of service indicators, achieve balanced load distribution among base stations.

[0098] Record information such as the type, intensity, and spectrum occupancy of interference sources, providing support for interference suppression and spectrum reuse.

[0099] Specifically, the distributed ledger includes the following data fields:

[0100] Spectrum allocation information:

[0101] Allocated frequency band: Record the specific frequency band range allocated to each base station.

[0102] Usage time: Mark the start and end times of frequency band allocation and the usage period.

[0103] Allocation priority: Represents the priority weight of spectrum allocation, used to support the preferential processing of critical users or tasks.

[0104] Load information:

[0105] Number of user connections: The current number of active connected users for each base station.

[0106] Bandwidth requirements: The real-time uplink and downlink bandwidth usage conditions of each base station.

[0107] Quality of Service (QoS) indicators: Include latency, packet loss rate, and throughput, etc.

[0108] Interference information:

[0109] Location of interference source: The geographical distribution coordinates or signal coverage range of the interference source.

[0110] Interference intensity: The interference level characterized by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or interference-to-noise ratio (INR).

[0111] Interference types: such as co-channel interference, adjacent band interference, or environmental noise.

[0112] The narrowband base stations collect the above-mentioned spectrum, load, and interference data in real time and transmit them to the storage module of the distributed ledger through a secure data channel. Decentralized storage technology (such as distributed hash table DHT or blockchain storage architecture) is used to achieve distributed data storage, and each base station node holds part or all copies of the ledger. The base station nodes cooperate to complete the verification and update of the ledger data, and a consensus mechanism (such as Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance PBFT or Delegated Proof of Stake DPoS) is adopted to ensure the synchronization and consistency of the ledger data. The narrowband base stations access the ledger in real time through a standardized interface (such as API) to obtain the current spectrum allocation, load, and interference information.

[0113] Step S20: Construct a blockchain main chain, and use the main chain to share the distributed ledger among the managed narrowband base stations based on dynamic auxiliary chains.

[0114] The blockchain main chain described in this step is the core data link of the entire blockchain network, which is jointly maintained and verified by multiple nodes and is used to record the main data of the global distributed ledger, including spectrum allocation schemes, base station load status, and cross-regional interference information. It is responsible for managing the collaboration among multiple dynamic auxiliary chains, unifying and integrating the spectrum resource usage information from each sub-region to form a global view. As a data exchange channel among narrowband base stations, it ensures the real-time synchronization and consistency of ledger information across the entire network. By summarizing and analyzing the update results of dynamic auxiliary chains, it provides a global optimization scheme for spectrum resource allocation among different regions.

[0115] The dynamic auxiliary chain is an extended sub-chain of the main chain, which is specifically used to record and manage the distributed ledger data within a specific sub-region. The main role of the dynamic auxiliary chain is to share the computing and storage load of the main chain and support efficient resource allocation within the region. The dynamic auxiliary chain is responsible for real-time data recording and updating of spectrum scheduling within the sub-region; the main chain integrates the data of all auxiliary chains to provide a basis for global optimization. The auxiliary chain synchronizes its ledger update results to the main chain regularly or on demand, and the main chain completes the unified integration and publication of global data. The specific construction method of the dynamic auxiliary chain will be described in detail in the subsequent steps.

[0116] In this step, the main chain is responsible for integrating and managing the distributed ledger data recorded in the dynamic auxiliary chain, and uniformly updating the spectrum allocation scheme, load status, and interference information of narrowband base stations. The main chain ensures the data consistency and synchronization reliability of the distributed ledger among multiple base station nodes through a consensus mechanism. Based on the regionalized ledger update results provided by the dynamic auxiliary chain, the main chain performs cross-regional spectrum optimization and coordinated scheduling, and distributes the optimization results to the corresponding auxiliary chain; the main chain supports the dynamic expansion of nodes and adapts to the access requirements of newly added base stations through a flexible chain structure. By constructing a global data sharing system and a decentralized management mechanism, the main chain provides basic support for the intelligence and collaboration of narrowband base station spectrum scheduling.

[0117] Step S30: Based on the interference information, the narrowband base station performs topology partitioning, divides the network into multiple sub-regions, and constructs a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region.

[0118] In this step, by analyzing the interference information, user requirements, and network coverage of narrowband base stations, the entire network is divided into several sub-regions using a preset topology partitioning algorithm, and a corresponding dynamic auxiliary chain is constructed for each sub-region to achieve regionalized spectrum resource management and scheduling optimization.

[0119] The specific process includes the following steps:

[0120] Step S31: The narrowband base station collects and records interference information, user requirements, and coverage, and constructs an initial topology structure of the network.

[0121] The interference information includes, but is not limited to, co-channel interference between base stations, in-band interference in adjacent frequency bands, and external environmental noise interference. The interference parameters are obtained through real-time signal measurement, and their intensity (such as signal-to-noise ratio SNR or interference-to-noise ratio INR), frequency band occupancy range, and interference time are recorded. The user requirement information is collected by the base station for the number of connected users, bandwidth requirements, service priorities, and distribution locations within its service range. The coverage is calculated based on the geographical location, transmission power, and signal gain of the narrowband base station, and is used to determine the service area of the base station and the signal overlap situation. By integrating the above information, an initial network topology structure is constructed in the form of a graph, where nodes represent base stations and edges represent interference or coverage overlap relationships between base stations.

[0122] Step S32: Based on the interference weight and user distribution, an interference graph and a user distribution graph are constructed.

[0123] By analyzing the data collected in step S31, the interference information in the network is modeled as an undirected weighted graph. The nodes in the interference graph represent narrowband base stations, and the weight of the edge represents the interference intensity between base stations. The weight value is calculated according to the following formula:

[0124] ,

[0125] Wherein:

[0126] represents the weight of the edge between base stations i and j;

[0127] represents the transmission power of base station i;

[0128] represents the channel gain between base stations i and j;

[0129] represents the noise power of base station j.

[0130] In addition, a user distribution map is constructed, where the nodes in the map represent base stations and their served users, and the edge weights represent the connection bandwidth requirements of users or the proximity between geographical locations. Through the construction of the interference map and the user distribution map, a visual expression of the interference relationship and load distribution of the network is formed, providing an optimization basis for subsequent area division.

[0131] Step S33, using a clustering or graph partitioning algorithm to partition the network into several sub-regions with the goal of minimizing interference between regions and balancing the load within regions.

[0132] Based on the interference map and the user distribution map, a clustering algorithm (such as K-means, density peak clustering) or a graph partitioning algorithm (such as graph partitioning based on minimum cut or spectral clustering algorithm) is applied to perform topological partitioning of the network. The goal of the clustering algorithm is to divide the base stations with higher interference intensity into the same sub-region to reduce the interference impact between regions, while maintaining load balance within each sub-region. The graph partitioning algorithm ensures the rationality of the partitioning result by optimizing the partitioning strategy (such as minimizing the weight of the cut edge or maximizing the edge density within the sub-graph). In addition, according to the geographical location and coverage range of the base stations, the preliminary partitioning result is corrected to avoid the phenomenon of isolated nodes or excessive cross-regions within the sub-region. Finally, the network is divided into several independent but cooperative sub-regions, laying a foundation for the spectrum resource scheduling of each sub-region.

[0133] Step S34, initialize a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region, and record and manage the spectrum resource usage and load status of the base stations within the region.

[0134] Create a dynamic auxiliary chain within each sub-region. The dynamic auxiliary chain is a distributed ledger constructed based on blockchain technology, used to record the spectrum allocation situation, real-time load status, and interference coordination information of the base stations within the region. The initialization of the dynamic auxiliary chain includes the following steps:

[0135] Step S341, ledger initialization, create an initial record in the auxiliary chain, the content of which includes the spectrum resource allocation of the base stations within the sub-region, the current load status, and the historical scheduling record.

[0136] Step S342, Node registration: All base stations within the sub-region are registered as dynamic secondary chain nodes to ensure that they have the permission to participate in spectrum scheduling and ledger update.

[0137] Step S343, Smart contract deployment: Deploy a smart contract for regional spectrum scheduling in the dynamic secondary chain. The contract rules include load balancing, interference minimization, and resource allocation priority, etc., to support subsequent automated scheduling.

[0138] Step S344, Connect to the main chain: The dynamic secondary chain establishes a connection with the blockchain main chain, and synchronizes the scheduling results within the region to the main chain according to a period or trigger condition to support cross-region collaboration and global optimization.

[0139] Through the construction of the dynamic secondary chain, real-time management and dynamic scheduling of the spectrum resources of base stations within the sub-region are realized, providing technical support for improving spectrum utilization efficiency and reducing interference between regions.

[0140] Step S40, The dynamic secondary chain performs spectrum scheduling on the sub-region it belongs to according to the preset smart contract, and updates the dynamic secondary chain according to the scheduling results.

[0141] A smart contract is a set of automated rules running on the dynamic secondary chain, which pre-defines the decision logic and execution process of spectrum scheduling, and is used to achieve spectrum allocation, load balancing, and interference suppression within the sub-region.

[0142] In order to achieve dynamic scheduling of the spectrum, the rules of the smart contract in the present invention are as follows:

[0143] Spectrum allocation rules:

[0144] Preferentially allocate low-interference frequency bands to high-priority users or base stations;

[0145] Dynamically adjust the spectrum allocation weight according to the real-time load status;

[0146] Avoid adjacent base stations from using the same frequency band to reduce the probability of spectrum conflict.

[0147] Load balancing rules:

[0148] Monitor the load status of base stations (such as bandwidth occupancy, number of connections);

[0149] Re-allocate spectrum resources between base stations with high load and those with low load.

[0150] Interference minimization rules:

[0151] Calculate the interference weight between base stations within the region and allocate non-overlapping spectra according to the weight;

[0152] Perform time slot multiplexing on high-interference frequency bands to avoid simultaneous use.

[0153] Furthermore, the smart contract can automatically run through the following triggering conditions:

[0154] Timing trigger: Re-evaluate the spectrum scheduling scheme at set time intervals (e.g., every 5 minutes);

[0155] Event trigger: Start scheduling when specific events occur (such as the base station load exceeding the threshold or the interference level rising);

[0156] User request trigger: When a user or device applies for new spectrum resources, trigger the smart contract to calculate available resources.

[0157] During the system operation, the smart contract obtains real-time spectrum resources, load status, and interference information from the dynamic auxiliary chain; calculates a new spectrum scheduling scheme according to preset rules; generates an updated spectrum allocation scheme and pushes it to each base station node.

[0158] After the smart contract completes spectrum scheduling, it writes the scheduling result into the dynamic auxiliary chain ledger and updates the ledger content simultaneously to ensure consistency.

[0159] The scheduling result is written into the dynamic auxiliary chain ledger in the form of a transaction record, and the ledger is updated through the following steps:

[0160] The dynamic auxiliary chain nodes cooperate to verify the effectiveness of the scheduling result;

[0161] The scheduling result generates a new block and is appended to the auxiliary chain ledger;

[0162] The updated ledger is synchronized within the sub-region and uploaded to the main chain regularly or on demand to support the global optimization of cross-region scheduling.

[0163] Through the above steps, the dynamic auxiliary chain realizes the efficient management and scheduling optimization of sub-region spectrum resources, providing technical guarantee for improving spectrum utilization rate and reducing communication interference.

[0164] Step S50, asynchronously synchronize the main chain according to the update result of the dynamic auxiliary chain. The specific process includes:

[0165] Step S51, after the dynamic auxiliary chain completes spectrum scheduling within the sub-region, record the scheduling result and generate updated content, including the spectrum allocation scheme, load balancing result, interference coordination status, and smart contract execution record.

[0166] Among them, the spectrum allocation scheme includes: recording the allocated frequency band, allocation priority, and usage period of each base station within the sub-region; marking the newly added or released spectrum resources and the adjustment reasons for the corresponding base stations (such as load changes or interference suppression).

[0167] The load balancing results include: recording the load changes of each base station after scheduling, including the number of connected users, bandwidth occupancy, and quality of service metrics (such as latency, throughput).

[0168] The interference coordination status includes: recording the suppression effect of the scheduling scheme on the interference of base stations in the area (such as the improvement of signal-to-noise ratio SNR); marking the change trend of the main interference source and the interference weight between base stations before and after scheduling.

[0169] The intelligent contract execution record includes: saving the intelligent contract rules triggered during the scheduling process (such as spectrum allocation or load balancing rules) and the execution status and results of each rule.

[0170] Step S52, the dynamic auxiliary chain initiates a synchronization request to the main chain through a preset triggering mechanism (such as periodic triggering or event triggering).

[0171] The dynamic auxiliary chain automatically determines whether to initiate a synchronization request to the main chain according to the preset synchronization trigger conditions. The triggering mechanisms include:

[0172] Periodic triggering: Check the updated content of the auxiliary chain ledger at a predetermined time interval (such as every 10 minutes). If there are new transaction records, automatically trigger a synchronization request. Periodic triggering ensures that the main chain regularly receives the latest regional data.

[0173] Event triggering: When a specific event occurs in the sub-region (such as a load surge, interference exceeding the set threshold, or insufficient spectrum resource allocation), the auxiliary chain immediately initiates a synchronization request to the main chain. The event triggering mechanism improves the response speed to the dynamic network environment.

[0174] External triggering: When the main chain or other dynamic auxiliary chains request regional data, the auxiliary chain actively triggers the synchronization process.

[0175] The trigger request contains the identity information, ledger summary, and synchronization purpose of the auxiliary chain, which is used to notify the main chain to start subsequent data reception and processing.

[0176] Step S53, the dynamic auxiliary chain packs and signs the update results and uploads them to the main chain through a secure channel.

[0177] After triggering the synchronization request, the dynamic auxiliary chain packs and uploads the update results to the main chain, and packs the updated content (including the spectrum allocation scheme, load balancing results, interference coordination status, and intelligent contract execution record) in a predetermined structured format;

[0178] The data packet contains the unique identifier, timestamp, and signing node information of each record for the main chain to verify and archive. The auxiliary chain encrypts the packed data through digital signature to ensure the integrity and credibility of the data during transmission; the signature uses the private key of the auxiliary chain node, and the main chain verifies the signature validity through its public key.

[0179] Step S54, the main chain verifies and integrates the received data, appends it as a new block to the main chain ledger, and forms a global view of the spectrum resources across the network.

[0180] The main chain integrates the update results of all dynamic auxiliary chains into a global view, including the spectrum resource usage, base station load status, and interference distribution in each sub-region. During the data integration process, the main chain processes possible conflicts (such as overlapping issues in cross-region spectrum allocation) through preset rules. The main chain generates a new block with the integrated global data and appends it to the end of the main chain ledger; the new block contains a timestamp, the integrated data digest, and a complete transaction record to ensure the consistency and traceability of the network-wide ledger. Through this step, the main chain forms a view of the spectrum resource status across the network, providing a basis for subsequent optimization and distribution.

[0181] Step S55, the main chain feeds back the synchronization result, and based on the global data view, optimizes and adjusts the spectrum resources, and issues the optimization plan to each dynamic auxiliary chain to guide subsequent scheduling.

[0182] The main chain feeds back the synchronization result to the dynamic auxiliary chain. Based on the integrated global data view, the main chain performs cross-region optimization of the spectrum resources, specifically including: adjusting the spectrum allocation between sub-regions to avoid spectrum resource conflicts or insufficient allocation; coordinating the load balance between regions to transfer the communication pressure in high-load regions; optimizing the interference distribution to reduce the impact of cross-region interference.

[0183] The main chain issues the optimized spectrum allocation plan to each dynamic auxiliary chain in the form of structured data; after receiving the plan, the dynamic auxiliary chain adjusts the spectrum scheduling rules and execution strategies within the sub-region according to the global optimization result.

[0184] Through the above asynchronous synchronization mechanism, the main chain can effectively integrate the regionalized scheduling results of the dynamic auxiliary chains, and the asynchronous calculation can make full use of the weak computing power of the nodes. Without meeting real-time requirements, the calculation can be carried out during the non-busy period of the nodes, ensuring the efficiency, consistency, and dynamic adaptability of the network-wide spectrum resource allocation.

[0185] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a dynamic spectrum scheduling system, including:

[0186] A distributed ledger module for constructing a distributed ledger, which is used to record the spectrum allocation, load conditions, and interference information of narrowband base stations;

[0187] A main chain module for constructing a blockchain main chain, and using the main chain to share the distributed ledger among the narrowband base stations managed by the dynamic auxiliary chains;

[0188] A partitioning module, configured for a narrowband base station to perform topology partitioning based on the interference information, partition the network into multiple sub-regions, and construct a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region;

[0189] A scheduling module, configured for the dynamic auxiliary chain to perform spectrum scheduling on the sub-region to which it belongs according to a preset intelligent contract, and update the dynamic auxiliary chain according to the scheduling result;

[0190] A synchronization module, configured to perform asynchronous synchronization on the main chain according to the update result of the dynamic auxiliary chain.

[0191] For the module structures not specifically defined in the present invention, the content recorded in the prior art shall prevail. The prior art mentioned in the foregoing background art section and specific embodiment section of the present invention can be used as a part of the present invention to understand the meaning of some technical features or parameters.

Claims

1. A dynamic spectrum scheduling method, characterized in that The method includes the following steps: Construct a distributed ledger, which is used to record the spectrum allocation, load conditions, and interference information of narrowband base stations; Construct a blockchain main chain, and use the main chain to share the distributed ledger among the managed narrowband base stations based on a dynamic auxiliary chain; The narrowband base stations perform topology partitioning based on the interference information, divide the network into multiple sub-regions, and construct a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region; The dynamic auxiliary chain performs spectrum scheduling for the sub-region to which it belongs according to a preset smart contract, and updates the dynamic auxiliary chain according to the scheduling result; Asynchronously synchronize the main chain according to the update result of the dynamic auxiliary chain; The asynchronous synchronization of the main chain according to the update result of the dynamic auxiliary chain includes: After the dynamic auxiliary chain completes spectrum scheduling within the sub-region, it records the scheduling result and generates update content, including the spectrum allocation plan, load balancing result, interference coordination status, and smart contract execution record; The dynamic auxiliary chain initiates a synchronization request to the main chain through a preset trigger mechanism; The dynamic auxiliary chain packages and signs the update result, and uploads it to the main chain through a secure channel; The main chain verifies and integrates the received data, appends it as a new block to the main chain ledger, and forms a global view of the network-wide spectrum resources; The main chain feeds back the synchronization result, and performs optimization and adjustment of the spectrum resources based on the global data view, and issues the optimization plan to each dynamic auxiliary chain to guide subsequent scheduling; Dividing the network into multiple sub-regions and constructing a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region specifically includes: Collect and record interference information, user requirements, and coverage range through narrowband base stations to construct an initial topology structure of the network; Construct an interference graph and a user distribution graph based on interference weights and user distributions; Use clustering or graph partitioning algorithms to divide the network into regions, aiming to minimize interference between regions and balance the load within regions, and divide the network into several sub-regions; Initialize a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region, and record and manage the spectrum resource usage and load status of the base stations within the region.

2. The dynamic spectrum scheduling method according to claim 1, characterized in that The initialization of the dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region, recording and managing the spectrum resource usage and load status of the base stations within the region includes: Ledger initialization, create an initial record in the auxiliary chain, the content includes the spectrum resource allocation, current load status, and historical scheduling records of the base stations within the sub-region; Node registration, all base stations within the sub-region are registered as dynamic auxiliary chain nodes to ensure that they have the permission to participate in spectrum scheduling and ledger updates; Smart contract deployment, deploy a smart contract for regional spectrum scheduling in the dynamic auxiliary chain; Connect to the main chain, the dynamic auxiliary chain establishes a connection with the blockchain main chain, and synchronizes the scheduling results within the region to the main chain according to a period or trigger condition to support cross-region collaboration and global optimization.

3. The dynamic spectrum scheduling method according to claim 2, wherein The rules of the smart contract include: Spectrum allocation rules: Prioritize allocating frequency bands with interference lower than a preset value to high-priority users or base stations; Dynamically adjust the spectrum allocation weight according to the real-time load status; Avoid adjacent base stations from using the same frequency band to reduce the probability of spectrum conflict; Load balancing rules: Monitor the load status of base stations; Reallocate spectrum resources between base stations with a load higher than the preset value and base stations with a load lower than the preset value; Interference minimization rules: Calculate the interference weights between base stations within the region, and allocate non-overlapping spectra according to the weights; Time slot multiplexing is performed on frequency bands with interference higher than a preset value to avoid simultaneous use.

4. A dynamic spectrum scheduling system, characterized in that, The system includes the following modules: A distributed ledger module for constructing a distributed ledger, which is used to record spectrum allocation, load conditions, and interference information of narrowband base stations; A main chain module for constructing a blockchain main chain and sharing the distributed ledger among the managed narrowband base stations based on the dynamic auxiliary chain using the main chain; A partitioning module for narrowband base stations to perform topological partitioning based on the interference information, divide the network into multiple sub-regions, and construct a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region; A scheduling module for the dynamic auxiliary chain to perform spectrum scheduling on the sub-region to which it belongs according to a preset smart contract and update the dynamic auxiliary chain according to the scheduling result; A synchronization module for asynchronously synchronizing the main chain according to the update result of the dynamic auxiliary chain; The asynchronous synchronization of the main chain according to the update result of the dynamic auxiliary chain includes: After the dynamic auxiliary chain completes spectrum scheduling within the sub-region, it records the scheduling result and generates update content, including the spectrum allocation plan, load balancing result, interference coordination status, and smart contract execution record; The dynamic auxiliary chain initiates a synchronization request to the main chain through a preset trigger mechanism; The dynamic auxiliary chain packs and signs the update result and uploads it to the main chain through a secure channel; The main chain verifies and integrates the received data, appends it as a new block to the main chain ledger, and forms a global view of the network-wide spectrum resources; The main chain feeds back the synchronization result and performs optimization adjustment of the spectrum resources based on the global data view, and issues the optimization plan to each dynamic auxiliary chain to guide subsequent scheduling; Dividing the network into multiple sub-regions and constructing a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region specifically includes: Collecting and recording interference information, user requirements, and coverage area through narrowband base stations to construct an initial topology structure of the network; Constructing an interference graph and a user distribution graph based on interference weights and user distributions; Using a clustering or graph segmentation algorithm to divide the network into regions, aiming to minimize interference between regions and balance the load within regions, and dividing the network into several sub-regions; Initializing a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region and recording and managing the use of spectrum resources and load status of the base stations within the region.

5. The dynamic spectrum scheduling system according to claim 4, wherein The initializing a dynamic auxiliary chain for each sub-region and recording and managing the use of spectrum resources and load status of the base stations within the region includes: Ledger initialization, creating an initial record in the auxiliary chain, the content including the spectrum resource allocation, current load status, and historical scheduling records of the base stations within the sub-region; Node registration, registering all base stations within the sub-region as dynamic auxiliary chain nodes to ensure that they have the permission to participate in spectrum scheduling and ledger update; Smart contract deployment, deploying a smart contract for regional spectrum scheduling in the dynamic auxiliary chain; Connecting to the main chain, establishing a connection between the dynamic auxiliary chain and the blockchain main chain, and synchronizing the scheduling results within the region to the main chain according to a period or trigger condition to support cross-regional collaboration and global optimization.

6. The dynamic spectrum scheduling system according to claim 5, characterized in that The rules of the smart contract include: Spectrum allocation rules: Prioritize allocating frequency bands with interference lower than the preset value to high-priority users or base stations; Dynamically adjust the spectrum allocation weight according to the real-time load status; Avoid adjacent base stations from using the same frequency band to reduce the probability of spectrum conflict; Load balancing rules: Monitor the load status of base stations; Reallocate spectrum resources between base stations with a load higher than the preset value and base stations with a load lower than the preset value; Interference minimization rule: Calculate the interference weights between base stations in the area and allocate non-overlapping spectra according to the weights; Perform time slot multiplexing on frequency bands with interference higher than the preset value to avoid simultaneous use.

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