Tunnel support element

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel support element (10) having at least two tunnel support segments (11) with a main body (20), the tunnel support segments (11) having two opposite short sides (17) on which the at least two tunnel support segments (11) are connected to each other, therefore, the tunnel supporting element (10) is a closed element. According to the invention, at least one first connecting element (13) is provided on the first short side of the tunnel support section (11) and at least one second connecting element (14) is provided on the first short side of the tunnel support section (11), the connecting elements (13, 14) of the two tunnel support sections (11) form a connection (15) in the connecting section (12), each connecting element (13, 14) having at least one base body (30, 40), according to the invention, at least one flange section (33, 43) is provided on each of the base bodies (30, 40), and a force-fitting connection (15) is provided between the connecting elements (13, 14) by means of the at least one flange section (33) of the first connecting element (13) and by means of the at least one flange section (43) of the second connecting element (13).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a tunnel support / lining element having at least two tunnel support segments, the tunnel support segments having a body, the tunnel support segments having two opposite short sides, the at least two tunnel support segments being connected to one another on the short sides, so that the tunnel support element is a closed element. The invention also relates to a system and a method for constructing a horizontal cavern in rock. Background Art

[0002] For excavating a cavity in ground from a starting point to a target point by means of a boring device, for example for the construction of a tunnel or a pipeline, different methods are available, depending on the diameter of the cavity to be constructed.

[0003] In the so-called microtunneling method, starting from a starting pit, prefabricated retaining rings, such as concrete pipes, are pressed into the ground by means of a pressure frame, whereby a tunneling device, such as a tunnel boring machine, is moved from the starting point to the target point. In this process, the first prefabricated retaining ring is moved over the entire length of the cave from the starting pit to the target pit. The tunnel is excavated and supported simultaneously by placing a plurality of retaining rings one behind the other and pressing them into the ground.

[0004] Another method is to excavate such a cavern using so-called segmental linings for supporting the cavern. Here, support segments are transported through the already constructed tunnel to the excavation location in order to finally set them on site as tunnel support structures on the cavern walls. The tunnel boring machine strikes the constructed tunnel ring with hydraulic cylinders in order to achieve further excavation progress.

[0005] When planning caverns with large diameters, e.g. >4 m, the problem arises that, due to the specifications (size or weight), prefabricated retaining rings can no longer be transported to the construction site in a prefabricated manner as elements without problems. Furthermore, there is the problem that if the cavern is shorter than 1 km, the costs for providing a tunnel boring machine that can be used with the segmental lining are very high. Summary of the invention

[0006] It is therefore an object of the present invention to make it possible to use a more economical microtunneling method also for diameters >4 m.

[0007] For this purpose, the invention provides that the tunnel support element is divided into at least two tunnel support segments, which are respectively connected by a number of connecting elements corresponding to the number of tunnel support segments. The establishment of this connection and thus the production of the tunnel support element takes place on site at the construction site near the starting point or directly at the starting point. For this purpose, the invention provides a tunnel support element according to claim 1 or 17, a system according to claim 26 and a method according to claim 28, which are further embodied according to the dependent claims.

[0008] According to the invention, for the tunnel support elements, at least one first connecting element is arranged on the first short side of the tunnel support segment and at least one second connecting element is arranged on the first short side of the tunnel support segment, the connecting elements of the two tunnel support segments are connected in a connecting section, the connecting elements each have at least one base body, at least one flange section is arranged on each base body, and a force-locking connection is provided between the connecting elements by means of the at least one flange section of the first connecting element and the at least one flange section of the second connecting element. The connection is preferably also designed to be waterproof.

[0009] The advantage here is that by providing the tunnel support element according to the invention, economical microtunneling can be used with larger diameters and possibly shorter cave lengths.

[0010] According to another teaching of the invention, at least one flange section of the first connecting element has at least one hole and at least one flange section of the second connecting element has at least one hole, and the holes are arranged such that they align when the tunnel support segments are arranged for establishing the connection. This makes it possible to provide a sufficient connection in a simple and economical manner.

[0011] Here, it is advantageous to arrange a tensioning element, preferably a screw with a screw head and a nut, in the aligned holes, by means of which the non-positive connection is provided. Thus, a sufficient connection can be provided in a simple and economical manner.

[0012] Another teaching according to the invention provides for a surrounding element to be provided, which comprises two flange elements arranged opposite each other. Advantageously, the surrounding element is a C-shaped element, preferably a clamp, which has a rear wall and an upper and a lower projection, and in which at least one hole is provided in the upper projection, into which a tensioning element can be introduced in order to provide the force-locking connection between the connecting elements. Surprisingly, it has been shown that such a connection enables sufficient force transmission in the connection.

[0013] Another teaching according to the invention provides for an angle element which is fastened to a flange element and comprises flange elements arranged opposite one another. Advantageously, the angle element has side sections and engaging elements arranged on the side sections. This makes it possible to provide a sufficient connection in a simple and economical manner.

[0014] Furthermore, another teaching according to the invention advantageously provides that a cavity for introducing a tensioning element is provided between the flange sections.

[0015] Furthermore, another teaching according to the invention advantageously provides that at least one hole is provided in the flange section of the first connecting element, into which hole a tensioning element can be introduced in order to provide the friction-locking connection between the connecting elements.

[0016] Furthermore, another teaching according to the invention advantageously provides that one surface of the flange section is a wedge-shaped surface.

[0017] In this case, it is advantageous if projections are provided in the wedge-shaped surface in order to provide a positive connection to the tensioning element.

[0018] Furthermore, another teaching according to the invention advantageously provides that the tensioning element has a wedge-shaped shape that corresponds to the wedge-shaped surface of the flange section.

[0019] Another teaching according to the invention provides that in the state of the force-locking connection, there is a gap between the flange elements. The gap is preferably present at least in the region remote from the edge. This makes it possible to achieve a spatially clearly defined and thus reliable force transmission, in particular preferably to the region near the edge, in a simple manner. In addition, a clearly defined preload can be achieved in the connection.

[0020] In this case, another advantageous teaching according to the invention provides that at least one spacer is arranged between the base bodies.

[0021] In this case, it is advantageous if the at least one spacer is fixedly connected to one of the base bodies on an outer side thereof.

[0022] Here, it is further advantageous if at least one spacer is arranged on the inner longitudinal side and at least one spacer is arranged on the outer longitudinal side.

[0023] Here, with respect to the tunnel supporting elements, according to the present invention, at least one first connecting element is arranged on a first short side of the tunnel supporting segment, and at least one second connecting element is arranged on a first short side of the tunnel supporting segment, the connecting elements of the two tunnel supporting segments are connected in a connecting section, the connecting elements each have at least one base body, and the connection is a material-locked connection.

[0024] In this case, it is advantageous if the integrally bonded connection is a welded or adhesively bonded connection between the base bodies.

[0025] In this case, it is further advantageous if the base bodies are connected at least partially circumferentially with a weld seam to produce the integral connection and / or if the base bodies each have outer sides which are laterally connected to one another, preferably by means of contact welding or with an adhesive.

[0026] Furthermore, a further teaching for both embodiments shows that it is advantageous if the base body is fixedly connected to the main body.

[0027] Furthermore, a further teaching for both embodiments provides that the body consists of reinforced concrete, in particular polymer concrete, steel, a composite material, GRC or plastic.

[0028] Furthermore, a further teaching for both embodiments provides that the tunnel-supporting element is annular and that the tunnel-supporting segment has the shape of a circle segment.

[0029] In addition, another teaching for two embodiments shows that the connection is designed to be waterproof. Advantageously, waterproofness is set by sealing elements between each of the substrates or between a substrate and the spacing element, by introducing and / or applying a sealant or by a material-locked connection.

[0030] Furthermore, another teaching for both embodiments indicates that, in order to transmit thrust, at least one protrusion, preferably in the form of a thrust cam, is provided in the connection or on at least one connecting element, and at least one recess is provided on opposite sides in the connection or on at least one other connecting element for establishing a positive fit in the connection or between the connecting elements of the tunnel support segment.

[0031] In terms of the system according to the invention, the teaching provides a system for constructing a preferably substantially horizontal cave in soil along a cave line from a starting point to an end point using a boring device for loosening the soil, the system comprising: at least one pressure station at the starting point for advancing the boring device; a plurality of tunnel support elements (10) which are arranged behind the boring device and are advanced in the soil using a pressure frame; and a device for supplying tunnel support elements to the pressure frame, wherein the tunnel support elements are the tunnel support elements described above.

[0032] Here, it is advantageous if a device is provided for mounting the tunnel-supporting element.

[0033] With regard to the method according to the invention, the teaching provides a method for constructing a preferably essentially horizontal cave in rock soil along a cave line from a starting point to an end point, in which method a boring device is advanced from a starting point using at least one pressure station in that a series of tunnel support elements are arranged behind the boring device and are advanced by a pressure frame to which the tunnel support elements are supplied individually, wherein the tunnel support elements are the tunnel support elements described above and are produced from individual tunnel support segments by establishing connections between connecting elements of the tunnel support segments.

[0034] Here, it is advantageous to construct with one device in the area of ​​the pressure frame. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The present invention will be described in detail below based on preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1-8 According to the first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 9-14 According to a second embodiment of the present invention, Figure 15-21 A third embodiment of the present invention is shown, and Figure 22-29 The fourth embodiment according to the present invention is shown. Specifically:

[0036] Figure 1 A perspective view showing a first embodiment of the present invention,

[0037] Figure 2 Shown for Figure 1 The front view of

[0038] Figure 3 Show according to Figure 2 Section view AA,

[0039] Figure 4 Show according to Figure 2 The cross-sectional view of GG,

[0040] Figure 5 Show according to Figure 1 The enlarged image C,

[0041] Figure 6 Show according to Figure 3 The cross-sectional view EE,

[0042] Figure 7 Show according to Figure 3 The enlarged image D,

[0043] Figure 8 An enlarged perspective view of a part of a connection area according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown,

[0044] Fig. 9 A second embodiment of the tunnel support element according to the invention is shown.

[0045] Fig.10 Shown for Fig. 9 A top-down perspective view of

[0046] Fig.11 Shown for Fig.10 Section view AA,

[0047] Fig.12 Shown for Fig.10 The enlarged image D,

[0048] Fig.13 Shown for Fig.11 The cross-sectional view BB of

[0049] Fig.14 A detail of a connecting section of a tunnel support element according to the invention is shown in a second embodiment,

[0050] Fig.15 A perspective view showing a third embodiment of a tunnel support element according to the invention,

[0051] Fig.16 Shown for Fig.15 The front view of

[0052] Fig.17 Shown for Fig.16 Section view AA,

[0053] Fig.18 Shown for Fig.16 Sectional view DD,

[0054] Fig.19 Shown for Fig.15 The enlarged image C,

[0055] Fig. 20 Shown for Fig.17 The cross-sectional view BB of

[0056] Fig.21 A partially cutaway enlarged view of a connecting portion of a third embodiment of a tunnel support element according to the invention is shown,

[0057] Fig. 22 A perspective view showing a fourth embodiment of a tunnel support element according to the invention;

[0058] Fig.23 Shown for Fig. 22 The front view of

[0059] Fig.24 Shown for Fig.23 Section view AA,

[0060] Fig.25 Shown for Fig.23 Sectional view DD,

[0061] Fig.26 Shown for Fig. 22 The enlarged partial image C,

[0062] Fig. 27 Shown for Fig.24 The cross-sectional view FF,

[0063] Fig.28 Shown for Fig. 27 The enlarged local graph G of

[0064] Fig.29 An enlarged detail of a connecting section of a fourth embodiment of a tunnel-bracing element according to the invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] Figures 1 to 29 Four embodiments of the tunnel-support element 10 according to the invention are shown. The tunnel-support element is preferably formed here from two tunnel-support segments 11, which are preferably connected to one another here by two connecting segments 12. Depending on the diameter of the tunnel-support element 10, a greater number of tunnel-support segments 11 and connecting segments 12 can be used here.

[0066] Here, the number of tunnel support segments 11 used to assemble the tunnel support element 10 can depend on the specifications with regard to the size and weight of the individual tunnel support segments 11. This can be important in particular with regard to the transportation of these elements and the constraints that arise in this case.

[0067] here, Figure 1-29 The exemplary embodiments 1 to 4 of the invention shown in FIG. 1 differ in the realization of the connection 15 in the form of the connecting section 12. Different non-positive or materially bonded and preferably waterproof connections 15 are shown here.

[0068] According to the invention, the tunnel support segments 11 are transported individually to the construction site and assembled there on site to form the tunnel support elements 10 by establishing the connections 15. Subsequently, the tunnel support elements 10 are brought to the starting point. Alternatively, the tunnel support elements 10 are assembled directly at the starting point.

[0069] At the starting point, a pressure frame is provided, which, for example, drives a tunnel boring machine or a shield machine into the ground along the tunnel line. After the tunnel boring machine has been introduced into the ground, a first tunnel support element 10 is connected to the tunnel boring machine, which excavates the existing ground along the tunnel line, and is driven into the ground via the pressure frame. This process is repeated accordingly using further tunnel support elements 10 until the tunnel boring machine reaches the target point along the tunnel line.

[0070] Here, the individual tunnel support segments 11 are moved, for example, by means of a crane or other lifting means, from the starting point of the tunnel, for example a pilot tunnel or outside a section, into the effective area of ​​the pressure frame in order to then introduce them into the ground.

[0071] Alternatively, a device is provided at the beginning or even as part of the pressure frame, to which the individual tunnel support segments 11 are supplied and by which they are then assembled into tunnel support elements 10, so that a connection 15 corresponding to the embodiment of the invention described below can now be established.

[0072] A further advantage of providing separate tunnel-supporting segments 11 and installing them at the starting site is that supply and discharge lines do not necessarily have to be disconnected for each individual tunnel-supporting element 10 , but rather the tunnel-supporting elements 10 are built by arranging and connecting the tunnel-supporting segments 11 around these lines.

[0073] Advantageously, the connection 15 is designed here in such a way that it can transmit thrust forces acting on the tunnel support element 10 in the excavation direction without adversely affecting the connection 15, and that pressures and loads acting radially inward from the outside through the rock and soil, such as, for example, internal forces / bending moments, transverse forces, ring normal forces, do not damage the connection 15.

[0074] It is preferably provided here that the connection 15 is a material lock (for example in the invention according to Figure 9-15 2) or force-locked (such as according to Figure 1-9 and 16-29 in embodiments 1, 3 and 4). The connection 15 is also preferably designed to be waterproof. In addition, a positive connection can also be used alone or in combination with one of the above-mentioned connection possibilities.

[0075] Here, the tunnel-support segment 11 preferably has the curved shape of a circular ring segment of a tunnel-support element 10 , which is preferably designed in an annular manner, particularly preferably in the form of a circular ring.

[0076] Here, the tunnel-supporting segments 11 each have a curved end side 16, which, when the tunnel-supporting elements 10 are introduced into the ground as described above, form the connecting surfaces between the individual tunnel-supporting elements 10. Furthermore, the tunnel-supporting segments 11 have short side faces 17, on which the first connecting element 13 and the second connecting element 14 are respectively arranged.

[0077] Depending on requirements and the type of connection, the first connecting element 13 and the second connecting element 14 can be designed identically or differently.

[0078] Furthermore, the tunnel support segment 11 has an outer side 18 and an inner side 19 .

[0079] Here, the outer side 18 and / or the inner side 19 can also be provided with a coating, for example a plastic lining.

[0080] Here, the end sides 16, the short sides 17, the outer side 18 and the inner side 19 form a body 20. The body 20 preferably consists of concrete, reinforced concrete, steel or plastic, but can also consist of other materials / composites, such as GFK or polymer concrete.

[0081] The short sides 17 are connected to the first and second connecting elements 13 , 14 , respectively.

[0082] In the preferred embodiments 1 to 4 according to the invention, the general shape of the individual connecting sections 11 is designed to be identical, but must be adapted to the specific individual case if necessary.

[0083] Here, according to an embodiment of the invention for producing a support element 10 according to the invention, for example from reinforced concrete, a mold is provided, into which the first and second connecting elements 13, 14 are arranged so that they already have a releasable connection 15 to one another or are arranged relative to one another in such a way that they can be connected. As mentioned above, the actual final connection is only carried out at or near the starting point.

[0084] If necessary, additional reinforcements are introduced into the formwork. Subsequently, depending on the manufacturing concept and the necessary parameters, concrete is introduced into the formwork on site or in the pipe plant / precast concrete plant until the formwork is filled. The connecting elements 13, 14 preferably have connecting sections (not shown) which then establish a correspondingly retaining connection with the concrete of the body 20.

[0085] The template is preferably placed on one of the two faces parallel to the end face 16. Furthermore, the connecting elements 13, 14 and / or the upper side of the template preferably have openings through which the air inside the template can escape.

[0086] After the concrete has hardened, the formwork is opened accordingly and the connected tunnel support segments are separated (if necessary) and removed individually from the formwork.

[0087] Here, it is advantageous to take into account which tunnel-supporting segments 11 have already been jointly produced in the formwork, so that these tunnel-supporting segments can be reassembled accordingly on site to form the tunnel-supporting element 10. This ensures that the individual tunnel-supporting segments 11 can be optimally assembled on site to form the tunnel-supporting element 10. As a result, any deviations that may occur when arranging the connecting section 12 composed of the first and second connecting elements 13, 14 are not critical, since they can be reassembled accordingly easily on site during the production of the tunnel-supporting segments.

[0088] Preferably, a collar section 21 is provided on one of the two end faces 16 of the tunnel-bearing segment 11, which collar section 21 forms a collar seal 22 in the assembled state of the tunnel-bearing element 10. A collar seal is preferably shown here in all four exemplary embodiments.

[0089] according to Figure 9-15 Implementation form 2

[0090] In this embodiment, the first connecting element 13 and the second connecting element 14 are preferably designed identically. The first connecting element and the second connecting element each have a base body 30 , 40 . The base bodies 30 , 40 are in contact with each other with their outer sides 31 , 41 in the connecting section 12 , thereby forming a joint 23 .

[0091] Depending on the requirements, the seam is welded on the inner side 24, the outer side 25 and / or the end side 26. A connection 15 is thus produced, which is correspondingly designed as a cohesive connection.

[0092] Alternatively, the upper sides 31 , 41 can be adhesively bonded to one another in order to also produce the connection 15 in a materially bonded manner.

[0093] Another alternative provides that the base bodies 30 , 40 are contact-welded at their surfaces 31 , 41 in order to also produce the connection 15 in a materially bonded manner.

[0094] The weld seam 27 is preferably provided on the inner side 24 and the weld seam 28 is provided on the outer side 25 in order to provide adequate sealing in the connecting section 12 and to transmit tensile and compressive forces as well as shear forces when the assembled tunnel-supporting element 10 is pressed into place during introduction into the ground.

[0095] according to Figure 15-21 Embodiment 3

[0096] On the base bodies 40, 41, strips 32, 42 are provided, which are preferably arranged transversely, on which horizontal flange sections 32, 42 are provided, which are preferably arranged on both sides. Holes 34, 44 are provided in the flange sections. The holes 34, 44 are provided in such a way that they are aligned in the assembled state, so that a connecting element / tensioning element, here a screw 50, can be inserted through the holes 34, 44. The connecting element / tensioning element also has a nut 51, which can be screwed onto a threaded section 52. By screwing the nut 51 onto the threaded section 52 against the underside 45 of the flange section 43, it is achieved that the screw head 53 is tightened against the upper side 35 of the flange section 33, so that a preload is generated between the two flange sections 33, 43. The upper side 46 of the flange section 43 and the lower side 36 of the flange section 33 are opposite and here, depending on the specific embodiment, touch each other or leave a gap 29 between them, especially in the area away from the edge. For this purpose, spacers 60, 61 are provided on the inner side 24 and on the outer side 25, which are supported on the outer sides 41, 31 respectively. Depending on the height of the spacers 60, 61, the flange sections 33, 43 touch each other or there is a gap 29 between them. If the gap 29 is present accordingly, it is particularly easy to introduce a certain preload force into the connection.

[0097] The webs 32, 42 are arranged radially from the inner side 24 to the outer side 25, preferably parallel to the end side 26. Furthermore, the holes 34, 44 preferably form a radial row from the inner side 24 to the outer side 25.

[0098] If the height of the spacers 60 , 61 is greater than the height of the strips 32 , 42 and the height of the flange sections 33 , 43 , a gap 29 is formed in the tensioned state, which advantageously allows tensile and compressive forces to be transmitted in a defined manner on the outer side 25 and on the inner side 24 in the connecting section 12 or connection 15 .

[0099] The spacers 61 are preferably arranged on the inner side 24 in the region of the collars 33 , 43 to provide access to the openings 62 so that the nuts 51 and the screw heads 53 of the connecting elements can be gripped or moved with a tool in order to achieve tensioning.

[0100] In the case of a gap 29 between the spacers 60 , 61 and the outer sides 31 , 41 of the base bodies 30 , 40 and the screws 50 as connecting elements, shear forces acting in the connection 15 are eliminated.

[0101] In addition, in order to transmit thrust, at least one protrusion, preferably in the form of a thrust cam, can be provided in the connection 15 or on at least one connecting element 13 or 14, and at least one recess can be provided on the opposite side in the connection 15 or on at least one other connecting element 14 or 13, so as to establish a positive fit in the connection or between the connecting elements 13, 14 of the tunnel support segment 11.

[0102] If there is no gap 29, a friction fit is achieved between the underside 36 and the upper side 46 of the flange sections 33, 43 by means of the connecting / tensioning elements, here screws 50 and nuts 51, when the spacers 60, 61 are at the same height as the strips 32, 42 and the flange sections 43, 33 or lower. In this case, the shear forces and also the tensile and compressive forces acting in the connection 15 are accordingly transmitted by means of this friction fit.

[0103] The spacers 61 on the outer side 25 are preferably arranged as a continuous structure along the outer side 25 and are preferably connected to one of the base bodies 30, 40, preferably in a materially bonded manner. After the tunnel support segments 11 have been assembled to form the tunnel support element 10 and the connection 15 has been provided, the connection to the other base body 30, 40 can also be established, preferably in a materially bonded manner. This allows the connection to be sealed against the outer side 18 and against water present in the soil. This also applies to other embodiments according to the invention that use spacers.

[0104] Alternatively or additionally, a sealing element may also be provided in this region.

[0105] For corrosion protection and to produce a continuous surface on the inner side 19 of the tunnel-supporting element 10 , the region of the connecting section can be filled, for example, with mortar or another material. This also applies to the other embodiments according to the invention.

[0106] according to Figure 1-9 Embodiment 1

[0107] The connecting section 12 of the tunnel support element 10 according to the first embodiment of the invention comprises a first connecting element 13 with a base body 30 and a second connecting element 14 with a base body 40. Strips 32, 42 are arranged on the base bodies 30, 40, on which flange sections 33, 43 are preferably arranged horizontally on both sides of the strips 32, 42. The strips 32, 42 are preferably arranged vertically in the radial direction from the inner side 24 to the outer side 25 of the connecting section 12.

[0108] Between the base bodies 30, 40, spacers 60 are arranged on the inner side 24 and preferably continuous spacers 61 are arranged on the outer side 25. Depending on whether the spacers 60, 61 are higher than the height of the strips 32, 42 together with the height of the flange sections 33, 43, the lower side 36 of the flange section 33 and the upper side 46 of the flange section 43 lie against each other in the assembled state or a gap 29 is present between the flange sections 33, 43.

[0109] For clamping the flange sections 33, 43, a surrounding element is provided, preferably a clamp 55, which is preferably designed in a C-shaped manner. Here, the clamp has a rear wall 56 and two mutually parallel, preferably horizontal, projections 57, 58. A cam 59 extending in the direction of the interior of the clamp 55 is preferably provided on one of the projections 57, 58, preferably on the lower projection 58.

[0110] Here, preferably, a hole 54 is provided in the upper projection 57. Preferably, a plurality of holes 54 arranged in a row are provided in the upper projection over the length of the clamp 55.

[0111] Preferably, a tensioning element 63 , here preferably a screw, particularly preferably a hexagon socket screw, is introduced into the bore 54 .

[0112] If the tunnel support segment 11 is configured as a tunnel support element 10 and the connecting segment 12 is ready for fastening, the clamp 55 is placed onto the upper side 35 of the respective upper flange segment, so that the clamp 55 with its two projections 57, 58 and the rear wall 56 surrounds the flange segment 33, 43. Next, a screw as a connecting element 63 is screwed into the hole 54 (the screw may also have been inserted into the hole 54 of the clamp 55) so that the screw comes into contact with the upper side 35 of the upper flange segment 33. By screwing it in further, the clamp 55 is moved upwards so that the projection 59 is connected to the lower side 45 of the lower flange segment 43. If there is no gap 29 between the lower side 36 of the flange segment 33 and the upper side 46 of the flange segment 43, the flange segments are tensioned / prestressed relative to each other by screwing in the screw as the prestressing element 63 further. If there is a gap 29, the spacer elements 60, 61 are tensioned against the base body 40, 30. In this way, a preload force can be introduced into the connection in a defined manner in a simple manner.

[0113] In this way, shear forces or compressive and tensile forces can be transmitted via the connecting section 12 .

[0114] The spacers 60, 61 can in turn be connected to one of the base bodies, preferably in a materially bonded manner. Additionally, the spacers 61 on the outer side 25 can also be connected to the other base body 30, 40 in a materially bonded manner to achieve sealing. Alternatively or additionally, a sealing element can also be provided.

[0115] Furthermore, after assembly and production of the connection 15 , the connection section 12 can be filled with mortar or another material on the inner side 19 in order to provide a uniform inner side 19 .

[0116] according to Figure 22-29 Implementation form 4

[0117] In the fourth embodiment, the connecting section 12 also has a first connecting element 13 and a second connecting element 14. The first and second connecting elements each have a base body 30 and a base body 40. Strips 32, 42 are arranged radially from the inner side 24 to the outer side 25. Flange sections 33, 43 are respectively arranged horizontally on the strips 32, 42 parallel to the outer sides 31, 41 of the base bodies 30, 40. The flange sections 33, 43 preferably extend to both sides of the strips 32, 42.

[0118] The collar section 33 preferably has a projection 47 which is arranged in the direction of the upper side 46 of the lower collar section 43 .

[0119] A wedge element 47 is arranged on the upper side 46 of the lower flange section 43 .

[0120] An angled element 38 is provided on the flange section 33, preferably on the projection 37, which has a side 39 arranged parallel to the strip 32 and an engagement element 49 arranged horizontally parallel to the outer side 41 of the base body 40. Here, the angled element 38 is also preferably arranged detachably on the flange section 33 / projection 37. The angled element 38 is preferably screwed to the flange section 33 / projection 37.

[0121] Between the underside 36 of the flange section 33 and the upper side 46 of the flange section 43 a cavity / gap 48 is provided which is delimited on one side by the web 42 and on the other side by the projection 37. A tensioning element 64 can be introduced into the cavity 48.

[0122] The tensioning element 64 has an elongated section 65 which is arranged on a top plate 66 .

[0123] Here, the underside of the elongated section 65 is designed to correspond to the wedge-shaped element 47 .

[0124] The wedge-shaped element 47 has a latching projection 67 , and similarly a latching projection is also provided as a corresponding latching projection 68 on the underside of the elongated section 65 .

[0125] The tensioning element 64 or its elongated section 65 is introduced into the cavity 48 until the latching projections 67, 68 engage with one another, whereby the upper side 69 of the engagement element 49 pushes the flange sections 33, 43 apart from one another, so that the two engagement elements 13, 14 engage with one another. This generates a tensioning force between them, by means of which the forces introduced into the connecting section 12 can be dissipated accordingly.

Claims

1. A tunnel support element (10), comprising at least two tunnel support segments (11), the tunnel support segments having a body (20), the tunnel support segments (11) having two opposite short sides (17), the at least two tunnel support segments (11) being connected to one another on the short sides, so that the tunnel support element (10) is a closed element, characterized in that: At least one first connecting element (13) is arranged on a first short side of a tunnel support segment (11), and at least one second connecting element (14) is arranged on the first short side of the tunnel support segment (11), the connecting elements (13, 14) of the two tunnel support segments (11) form a connection (15) in a connecting section (12), the connecting elements (13, 14) each having at least one base body (30, 40), at least one flange section (33, 43) being arranged on the base body (30, 40), and a force-locking connection (15) is provided between the connecting elements (13, 14) by means of the at least one flange section (33) of the first connecting element (13) and by means of the at least one flange section (43) of the second connecting element (13).

2. The tunnel support element according to claim 1, characterized in that At least one flange section (33) of the first connecting element (13) has at least one hole (34), and at least one flange section (43) of the second connecting element (14) has at least one hole (44), and the holes (34, 44) are arranged such that they are aligned when the tunnel support segment (11) is arranged for establishing the connection (15).

3. The tunnel support element according to claim 2, characterized in that A tensioning element, preferably a screw (50) with a screw head (53) and a nut (51), is arranged in the aligned holes (34, 44), by which the force-locking connection is provided.

4. The tunnel support element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that A surrounding element is provided, which comprises two oppositely arranged flange elements (33, 43).

5. The tunnel support element according to claim 4, characterized in that The enclosing element is a C-shaped element, preferably a clamp (55), which has a rear wall (56) and an upper projection (57) and a lower projection (58), and at least one hole (54) is provided in the upper projection (57), into which a tensioning element (63) can be introduced in order to provide the force-locking connection (15) between the connecting elements (13, 14).

6. The tunnel support element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that An angle element (38) is provided, which is fixed to a flange element (33, 43) and surrounds the opposite flange element (43, 33).

7. The tunnel support element according to claim 6, characterized in that The angle element (38) has a side section (39) and an engagement element (49) arranged on the side section.

8. The tunnel support element according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: A cavity (48) for introducing a tensioning element (64) is provided between the flange sections (33, 43).

9. The tunnel support element according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that At least one hole (54) is provided in the flange section (33) of the first connecting element (13), into which hole a tensioning element can be introduced in order to provide the non-positive connection (15) between the connecting elements (13, 14).

10. The tunnel support element according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that One surface (36, 45) of the flange section (33, 43) is a wedge-shaped surface.

11. The tunnel support element according to claim 10, characterized in that A projection (67) is provided in the wedge-shaped surface in order to provide a positive connection with the tensioning element (64).

12. The tunnel support element according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that The tensioning element (64) has a wedge shape that corresponds to the wedge surface of the flange section (33, 43).

13. The tunnel support element according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that In the state of the friction-locking connection (15), a gap (29) exists between the flange elements (33, 43).

14. The tunnel support element according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that At least one spacer (60, 61) is arranged between the base bodies (30, 40).

15. The tunnel support element according to claim 14, characterized in that The at least one spacer (60, 61) is fixedly connected to the base body (30, 40) on an outer side (31, 41) of one of the base bodies.

16. The tunnel support element according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that At least one spacer (60) is arranged on the long inner side (24), and at least one spacer (61) is arranged on the long outer side (25).

17. A tunnel support element (10), comprising at least two tunnel support segments (11), the two tunnel support segments having a body (20), the tunnel support segments (11) having two opposite short sides (17), the at least two tunnel support segments (11) being connected to one another on the short sides, so that the tunnel support element (10) is a closed element, characterized in that: At least one first connecting element (13) is arranged on a first short side of a tunnel support segment (11), and at least one second connecting element (14) is arranged on the first short side of the tunnel support segment (11), the connecting elements (13, 14) of the two tunnel support segments (11) forming a connection (15) in a connecting section (12), the connecting elements (13, 14) each having at least one base body (30, 40), and the connection is a material-bonded connection.

18. The tunnel support element according to claim 17, characterized in that The integrally bonded connection is a welded or adhesively bonded connection between the base bodies (30, 40).

19. The tunnel support element according to claim 18, characterized in that The base bodies (30, 40) are connected at least partially circumferentially by means of a weld seam to produce the integral connection and / or the base bodies (30, 40) each have an outer side (31, 41) which are laterally connected to one another, preferably by means of contact welding or by means of an adhesive.

20. The tunnel support element according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that The base body (30, 40) is fixedly connected to the main body (20).

21. The tunnel support element according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that The main body (20) is composed of reinforced concrete, in particular polymer concrete, steel, composite material, GRK or plastic.

22. The tunnel support element according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that The tunnel support element (10) is annular and the tunnel support segment (11) has the shape of a circular arc segment.

23. The tunnel support element according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that The connection (15) is designed to be waterproof.

24. The tunnel support element according to claim 23, characterized in that Watertightness is provided between the base bodies (30, 40) or between a base body (30, 40) and a spacing element (60, 61) by means of a sealing element, by the introduction and / or application of a sealant or by means of a material-locked connection.

25. The tunnel support element according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that In order to transmit thrust forces, at least one projection, preferably in the form of a thrust cam, is provided in the connection (15) or on at least one of the connection elements (13, 14), and at least one recess is provided on opposite sides in the connection (15) or on at least one other connection element (13, 14) for establishing a positive fit in the connection (15) or between the connection elements (13, 14) of the tunnel support segment (11).

26. A system for constructing a preferably substantially horizontal cave in soil along a cave line from a starting point to an end point using a boring device for loosening the soil, the system comprising: at least one pressure station at the starting point for advancing the boring device; a plurality of tunnel support elements (10) which are arranged behind the boring device and are advanced in the soil using a pressure frame; a device for supplying the tunnel support elements (10) to the pressure frame, characterized in that The tunnel support element (10) is a tunnel support element (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 25.

27. The system according to claim 26, characterized in that Devices for installing the tunnel support element (10) are provided.

28. A method for creating a preferably substantially horizontal cave in rock along a cave line from a starting point to an end point, in which method a tunneling device is advanced from a starting point by means of at least one pressure station, in that a series of tunnel support elements (10) are arranged behind the tunneling device and are advanced by a pressure frame to which the tunnel support elements (10) are supplied individually, characterized in that The tunnel-supporting element (10) is a tunnel-supporting element (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 25 and is produced from individual tunnel-supporting segments (11) by establishing connections between connecting elements (13, 14) of the tunnel-supporting segments (11).

29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that The construction is carried out within the confines of a pressure frame using a device.

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