Ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburization and nitridation

Abstract

The invention discloses an ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburization and nitridation. A management method of the ion furnace heat treatment process comprises the following steps of S1, material preparation, S2, ion furnace arrangement, S3, carburization and nitridation, S4, ion furnace detection, S5, cooling operation and S6, waste gas and waste water recovery. Before work starts, a worker debugs the ion furnace and checks whether the instrument is damaged and the cleanliness of the instrument so that normal work cannot be affected, then debugs whether the instrument with temperature, pressure and atmosphere components can work normally, and finally, through the metal characteristics of stainless steel, steel and copper alloy, the temperature, pressure and atmosphere components can be adjusted. The temperature, the time and the pressure in the equipment are set through an external controller, and when stainless steel, steel and copper alloy are subjected to alternate carburizing and nitriding work, a corresponding mode is selected through the controller, so that the time, the pressure and the temperature parameters required by workers can be quickly adjusted; therefore, the working efficiency and accuracy of metal carburizing and nitriding can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ion furnace heat treatment, in particular to an ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburizing and nitriding. Background Art

[0002] The ion furnace heat treatment process of metal surface carburizing and nitriding is a commonly used metal surface treatment method, which can improve the hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the metal. This process is usually achieved by placing the metal sample in an atmosphere with carbon or nitrogen and heating it in an ion furnace. In the ion furnace, the metal sample is first heated to a certain temperature, and then the carbon or nitrogen ions in the ion beam bombard the metal surface, so that the carbon or nitrogen atoms penetrate into the metal surface, thus forming a surface layer with high hardness, high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance. This process can be used for various metal materials, including steel, aluminum alloy, etc. Therefore, "the original operation is cumbersome and complicated, and the equipment that needs to be manually adjusted according to the metal material to adjust the temperature, pressure and time parameters is difficult to meet the current huge workload", which is specifically manifested in the following aspects:

[0003] (1) When carburizing and nitriding heat treatments are performed on different metals, the temperature, pressure and heat treatment time of the ion furnace need to be changed according to the properties of the metals due to their different properties. As a result, each time different metals are heat treated, multiple changes need to be made to the parameters, resulting in reduced efficiency in the heat treatment of the metals. (2) During and after the heat treatment of the metals, the metals need to be cooled and cooled, resulting in a large amount of heat loss and waste, which wastes energy and increases the cost of using the ion furnace. (3) When carburizing and nitriding heat treatments are performed on metals, a large amount of wastewater and waste gas are easily generated during the cleaning, cooling and heating process of the metals. Direct discharge can easily pollute the natural environment, thereby reducing the environmental performance of the equipment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburizing and nitriding, so as to solve the problems of the current metal heat treatment process mentioned in the above background technology: (1) when performing carburizing and nitriding heat treatment on different metals, due to the different properties of different metals, the temperature, pressure and heat treatment time of the ion furnace need to be changed according to their metal properties, which leads to the need to change the parameters multiple times each time the heat treatment is performed on different metals, resulting in reduced efficiency of metal heat treatment; (2) during and after the heat treatment of the metal, the metal needs to be cooled and cooled, resulting in a large amount of heat loss and waste, thereby wasting equipment energy and increasing the cost of using the ion furnace; (3) when performing carburizing and nitriding heat treatment on the metal, a large amount of waste water and waste gas are easily generated during the cleaning, cooling and heating process of the metal, and direct discharge is likely to pollute the natural environment, thereby reducing the environmental performance of the equipment.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburizing and nitriding, the treatment process comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Material preparation

[0007] 1. Pre-select materials, stainless steel, steel and copper alloy; 2. Purchase materials and determine the purchase quantity; 3. Pre-process materials, ① metal material cleaning, ② metal material grinding, ③ metal material preheating;

[0008] S2. Set up the ion furnace

[0009] 1. Debug the ion furnace; ① Check the instrument, ② Debug the parameters of temperature, pressure, and atmosphere composition; 2. Set the ion furnace, ① Set the required temperature of stainless steel, steel, and copper alloy, the temperature range is 550℃~1100℃, ② Set the required pressure of stainless steel, steel, and copper alloy, the pressure range is 1-10atm, ③ Set the required heating time of stainless steel, steel, and copper alloy, the heat treatment time is 2h-10h, 3. Use a variety of heating methods, electric heating rods and laser heaters, 4. Start safety protection, overheating protection and short circuit protection.

[0010] S3, carburizing and nitriding

[0011] 1. Add hydrocarbons for carburizing, use CH4 for carburizing, 2. Add N2 for nitriding, 3. Increase the carburizing and nitriding effects, use gas diffusion pumps and high-temperature heat pipe equipment.

[0012] S4, ion furnace detection

[0013] 1. Use high-precision sensors, 2. Collect parameters of atmosphere composition, temperature and pressure in the ion furnace, 3. Install an alarm to sound an alarm when the parameters exceed the set value, 4. Record parameter data, ① backup data, ② analyze data, ③ optimize the parameters of temperature, pressure and atmosphere composition of the electron furnace.

[0014] S5. Cooling operation

[0015] 1. Use multiple cooling methods: ① Liquid rapid coolant, ② Air cooling, 2. Preheat recovery, using heat exchanger.

[0016] S6. Waste gas and wastewater recovery

[0017] 1. Waste gas collection, using waste gas recovery equipment; 2. Waste water collection, using waste water collection equipment; 3. Waste water and waste gas purification, waste gas is purified by adsorption oxidation desulfurization, and waste water is purified by precipitation oxidation filtration.

[0018] Preferably, the temperature of carburizing and nitriding of the stainless steel is 1100° C., the pressure is 1.5 atm, and the time is 7 hours.

[0019] Preferably, the temperature of the steel carburizing is 950° C., the temperature of the steel nitriding is 600° C., the pressure is 2.5 atm, and the time is 8 hours.

[0020] Preferably, the carburizing temperature of the copper alloy is 900° C., the nitriding temperature of the copper alloy is 650° C., the pressure is 2 atm, and the time is 6.5 h.

[0021] Preferably, the power calculation formula of the ion furnace is as follows: X=AD x 106 x 1.6 x 10^-19.

[0022] Preferably, X is power (in watts), A is voltage (volts), D is current (amperes), and 1.6×10^-19 is a charge element.

[0023] Preferably, the voltage of the ion furnace is 1000V, the power is from 50 to 300kW, and the frequency is 800 to 1000Hz.

[0024] Preferably, the ion furnace adopts a pulse power supply with a fast arc extinguishing speed (10 to 60 μs).

[0025] Preferably, the ion furnace adopts a vacuum furnace body, and the specifications of the vacuum furnace body are: power 25-500kW, vacuum furnace diameter 700-1700mm, height 800-4000mm.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] Before the start of work, the staff of the present invention debugs the ion furnace, checks whether the instrument is damaged and clean, so as not to affect normal operation, and then debugs whether the instruments of temperature, pressure and atmosphere composition can work normally. Then, according to the metal properties of stainless steel, steel and copper alloy, the temperature, time and pressure in the equipment are set through an external controller. When the stainless steel, steel and copper alloy are rotated for carburizing and nitriding, the corresponding mode is selected by the controller, and the time, pressure and temperature parameters required by the staff can be quickly adjusted, thereby improving the work efficiency and accuracy of metal carburizing and nitriding.

[0028] After the metal material is subjected to the heat treatment process of carburizing and nitriding, the present invention rapidly cools the ion furnace by means of liquid rapid coolant and air cooling, and then installs the heat exchanger through the ion furnace. When the metal material is subjected to the heat treatment, the excess heat is recovered, and when the ion furnace and the metal material are cooled, the heat is recovered, so that in the process of the heat treatment in the ion furnace, the excess heat is collected, the heat loss is reduced, and the use cost of the ion furnace heat treatment is reduced.

[0029] During the heat treatment process in the ion furnace, the present invention recovers waste gas and waste water through a waste gas recovery device and a waste water collection device, and then purifies the waste gas through adsorption oxidation desulfurization combustion to meet the emission standards, and then purifies the waste water through physical precipitation oxidation filtration to enable the waste water to meet the emission standards, so that the waste gas and waste water will not cause damage to the environment when they are discharged, thereby improving the environmental protection level during the heat treatment process in the ion furnace. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the heat treatment process of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 The parameter diagram of heat treatment of different metals in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a logic code diagram of the debugging part of the ion furnace in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a logic code diagram of the operation part of the ion furnace in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Embodiment 1:

[0036] Referring to the figure, an ion furnace heat treatment process for carburizing and nitriding of metal surfaces, the management method of which includes the following steps:

[0037] S1. Material preparation

[0038] 1. Pre-select materials, stainless steel, steel and copper alloy; 2. Purchase materials and determine the purchase quantity; 3. Material pretreatment, ① metal material cleaning, ② metal material grinding, ③ metal material preheating. Before the heat treatment begins, pre-select stainless steel, steel and copper alloy materials, and then purchase the materials according to the quantity required. Then, clean the materials to ensure the cleanliness of the materials, then grind the metal materials and grind the surface oxidation to facilitate carburizing and nitriding of the metal. Finally, preheat the metal materials to facilitate the subsequent heat treatment.

[0039] S2. Set up the ion furnace

[0040] 1. Debug the ion furnace; ① Check the instrument, ② Debug the parameters of temperature, pressure, and atmosphere composition; 2. Set the ion furnace, ① Set the temperature required for stainless steel, steel, and copper alloy, the temperature range is 550℃~1100℃, ② Set the pressure required for stainless steel, steel, and copper alloy, the pressure range is 1-10atm, ③ Set the heating time required for stainless steel, steel, and copper alloy, the heat treatment time is 2h-10h, 3. Use a variety of heating methods, electric heating rods and laser heaters, 4. Start safety protection, overheating protection and short circuit protection. Before starting work, the staff will debug the ion furnace and check whether the instrument is damaged and clean, so that there will be no Affect normal work, and then debug the temperature, pressure and atmosphere composition instruments to see if they can work normally, and then through the metal properties of stainless steel, steel and copper alloys, set the temperature, time and pressure in the equipment through an external controller. When rotating carburizing and nitriding of stainless steel, steel and copper alloys, select the corresponding mode through the controller, which can quickly adjust to the time, pressure and temperature parameters required by the staff, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of metal carburizing and nitriding. Then, the metal can be heated faster and more effectively through the point heating rod and laser heater, and the safety of the ion furnace can be improved through overheating protection and short circuit protection.

[0041] S3, carburizing and nitriding

[0042] 1. Add hydrocarbons for carburizing, use CH4 for carburizing, 2. Add N2 for nitriding, 3. Increase the carburizing and nitriding effects, use gas diffusion pumps and high-temperature heat pipe equipment, use gas diffusion pumps to add CH4 and N2 to the ion furnace, which can carburize and nitridize metal materials, and the gas diffusion pump can accelerate and expand the contact area and speed of CH4 and N2 with the metal, thereby improving the quality of carburizing and nitriding.

[0043] S4, ion furnace detection

[0044] 1. Use high-precision sensors, 2. Collect parameters of atmosphere composition, temperature and pressure in the ion furnace, 3. Install alarms to sound an alarm when parameters exceed set values, 4. Record parameter data, ① backup data, ② analyze data, ③ optimize the temperature, pressure and atmosphere composition parameters of the electron furnace, install high-precision and high-temperature resistant sensors on the ion furnace, which can accurately check the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere composition in the ion furnace, so that the staff can view it in real time, and then install alarms on the ion furnace to sound an alarm when the temperature and pressure in the ion furnace exceed the set values, so that the staff can adjust the ion furnace, and then analyze the recorded data through an external computer, so as to facilitate the optimization of subsequent heat treatment processes.

[0045] S5. Cooling operation

[0046] 1. Use a variety of cooling methods, ① liquid rapid coolant, ② air cooling, 2. Preheat recovery, use a heat exchanger, after the metal material is subjected to the heat treatment process of carburizing and nitriding, the ion furnace is rapidly cooled by liquid rapid coolant and air cooling, and then the heat exchanger is installed through the ion furnace. When the metal material is heat treated, the excess heat is recovered, and when the ion furnace and the metal material are cooled, the heat is recovered, so that in the process of heat treatment in the ion furnace, the excess heat is collected, which reduces heat loss and reduces the use cost of ion furnace heat treatment.

[0047] S6. Waste gas and wastewater recovery

[0048] 1. Waste gas collection, using a waste gas recovery device; 2. Wastewater collection, using a wastewater collection device; 3. Wastewater and waste gas purification, waste gas is purified by adsorption oxidation desulfurization, and waste water is purified by precipitation oxidation filtration. During the heat treatment process of the ion furnace, the waste gas and waste water are recovered by the waste gas recovery device and the waste water collection device, and then the waste gas is purified by adsorption oxidation desulfurization and combustion to meet the emission standards, and then the waste water is purified by physical precipitation oxidation filtration to meet the emission standards, so that the waste gas and waste water will not cause damage to the environment when they are discharged, thereby improving the environmental protection level during the heat treatment process of the ion furnace.

[0049] In this embodiment, the temperature of carburizing and nitriding of stainless steel is 1100° C., the pressure is 1.5 atm, and the time is 7 hours.

[0050] In this embodiment, the temperature of steel carburizing is 950° C., the temperature of steel nitriding is 600° C., the pressure is 2.5 atm, and the time is 8 hours.

[0051] In this embodiment, the carburizing temperature of the copper alloy is 900° C., the nitriding temperature of the copper alloy is 650° C., the pressure is 2 atm, and the time is 6.5 h.

[0052] In this embodiment: the power calculation formula of the ion furnace is as follows: X=AD x 106x 1.6x 10^-19.

[0053] In this example: X is the power (in watts), A is the voltage (volts), D is the current (amperes), and 1.6×10^-19 is the charge element.

[0054] In this embodiment: the voltage of the ion furnace is 1000V, the power is from 50 to 300kW, and the frequency is 800 to 1000Hz.

[0055] In this embodiment: the ion furnace adopts a pulse power supply, and the arc extinguishing speed is fast (10 to 60 μs).

[0056] In this embodiment, the ion furnace adopts a vacuum furnace body, and the specifications of the vacuum furnace body are: power 25-500kW, vacuum furnace diameter 700-1700mm, height 800-4000mm.

[0057] Embodiment 2:

[0058] As shown in the figure, different from the first embodiment, the management method of the ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburizing and nitriding in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0059] S1. Carburizing pretreatment is performed on the metal link ring, and the pre-carburizing treatment includes grinding, cleaning and normalizing.

[0060] S2. Place the treated metal link in an ion furnace, heat it to 850°C under normal pressure, then quickly inject acetylene gas into the furnace and adjust it to a stable pressure of 300Pa. Then heat it to 930°C for the first carburizing. After the carburizing time is 2-3h, quickly evacuate and inject nitrogen. Then adjust the pressure to a stable pressure of 70Pa for the first diffusion. The diffusion time is 4-5h.

[0061] S3. Cooling operation

[0062] 1. Use a variety of cooling methods, ① liquid rapid coolant, ② air cooling. After the metal material is subjected to the heat treatment process of carburizing and nitriding, the ion furnace is quickly cooled by liquid rapid coolant and air cooling.

[0063] S4. Place the treated metal link ring in an ion furnace, and drip 38-40 drops of homemade rare earth methoxide solution, introduce nitrogen, heat to 520°C and keep warm for 5-7 hours for nitriding, and finally cool to room temperature. The result is a metal link ring after surface carburizing and nitriding.

[0064] In summary: compared with the second embodiment, before the start of work, the staff of the first embodiment can debug the ion furnace, check whether the instrument is damaged and clean, so as not to affect the normal operation, and then debug whether the temperature, pressure and atmosphere composition instruments can work normally. Then, according to the metal properties of stainless steel, steel and copper alloy, the temperature, time and pressure in the equipment are set through an external controller. When the stainless steel, steel and copper alloy are rotated for carburizing and nitriding, the corresponding mode is selected by the controller, and the time, pressure and temperature parameters required by the staff can be quickly adjusted, thereby improving the work efficiency and accuracy of metal carburizing and nitriding.

[0065] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0066] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ion furnace heat treatment process for carburizing and nitriding of metal surfaces, characterized in that: The processing process includes the following steps: S1. Material preparation 1. Pre-select materials, stainless steel, steel and copper alloy; 2. Purchase materials and determine the purchase quantity; 3. Pre-process materials, ① metal material cleaning, ② metal material grinding, ③ metal material preheating; S2. Set up the ion furnace 1. Debug the ion furnace; ① Check the instrument, ② Debug the parameters of temperature, pressure, and atmosphere composition; 2. Set the ion furnace, ① Set the required temperature of stainless steel, steel, and copper alloy, the temperature range is 550℃~1100℃, ② Set the required pressure of stainless steel, steel, and copper alloy, the pressure range is 1-10atm, ③ Set the required heating time of stainless steel, steel, and copper alloy, the heat treatment time is 2h-10h, 3. Use a variety of heating methods, electric heating rods and laser heaters, 4. Start safety protection, overheating protection and short circuit protection; S3, carburizing and nitriding 1. Add hydrocarbons for carburizing, use CH4 for carburizing, 2. Add N2 for nitriding, 3. Increase the carburizing and nitriding effects, use gas diffusion pumps and high-temperature heat pipe equipment; S4, ion furnace detection 1. Use high-precision sensors, 2. Collect parameters of atmosphere composition, temperature and pressure in the ion furnace, 3. Install alarms to sound an alarm when parameters exceed set values, 4. Record parameter data, ① backup data, ② analyze data, ③ optimize the parameters of temperature, pressure and atmosphere composition of the electron furnace; S5. Cooling operation 1. Use multiple cooling methods: ① Liquid rapid coolant, ② Air cooling, 2. Preheat recovery, using heat exchanger; S6. Waste gas and wastewater recovery 1. Waste gas collection, using waste gas recovery equipment; 2. Waste water collection, using waste water collection equipment; 3. Waste water and waste gas purification, waste gas is purified by adsorption oxidation desulfurization, and waste water is purified by precipitation oxidation filtration.

2. The ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburizing and nitriding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the stainless steel carburizing and nitriding is 1100° C., the pressure is 1.5 atm, and the time is 7 hours.

3. The ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburizing and nitriding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the steel carburizing is 950° C., the temperature of the steel nitriding is 600° C., the pressure is 2.5 atm, and the time is 8 hours.

4. The ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburizing and nitriding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The copper alloy is carburized at a temperature of 900° C., the copper alloy is nitrided at a temperature of 650° C., the pressure is 2 atm, and the time is 6.5 h.

5. The ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburizing and nitriding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power calculation formula of the ion furnace is as follows: X = AD x 106 x 1.6 x ^ 10-19。 6. The ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburizing and nitriding according to claim 5, characterized in that: Where X is power (in watts), A is voltage (volts), D is current (amperes), and 1.6×10^-19 is the charge element.

7. The ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburizing and nitriding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage of the ion furnace is 1000V, the power is from 50 to 300kW, and the frequency is from 800 to 1000Hz.

8. The ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburizing and nitriding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ion furnace adopts a pulse power supply and has a fast arc extinguishing speed (10 to 60 μs).

9. The ion furnace heat treatment process for metal surface carburizing and nitriding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ion furnace adopts a vacuum furnace body, and the specifications of the vacuum furnace body are: power 25-500kW, vacuum furnace diameter 700-1700mm, height 800-4000mm.

Images