Wear-resistant tube barrel or hose

Abstract

The invention relates to a barrel or hose (1, 10) comprising a plurality of coaxially arranged sheaths (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13) joined together. A multi-layer barrel or hose (1, 10) comprises at least a load-bearing jacket (2), a wear-resistant jacket (12), and an adhesion-promoting layer (13) arranged between the load-bearing jacket (2) and the wear-resistant jacket (12) and increasing the bonding force between the load-bearing jacket (2) and the wear-resistant jacket (12). An adhesion promoting layer (13) comprises a mixture of 55 to 85 parts of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, 5 to 25 parts of styrene butadiene rubber, 5 to 25 parts of ethylene propylene diene monomer, 75 to 125 parts of carbon black N990, 30 to 90 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate, 5 to 15 parts of zinc oxide, 5 to 25 parts of hydroxy aluminum magnesium carbonate, 20 to 95 parts of a resin pack blend, 2 to 10 parts of N-(1.3-dimethylbutyl) The composition comprises, by weight, 5 to 15 parts of N, N '-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 5 to 15 parts of triallyl cyanurate, and 0.5 to 5 parts of a vulcanizing agent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a multi-layer tube or hose, which comprises a plurality of coaxially arranged sheaths, wherein the coaxially arranged sheaths are joined together. The multi-layer tube or hose comprises at least a load-bearing sheath, an anti-wear sheath and an adhesion promoting layer arranged between the load-bearing sheath and the anti-wear sheath. Background Art

[0002] Materials frequently have to be transported between different locations. In the present context, the concept material may relate to solid particles and general fluids, including mixtures thereof. "Fluid" may relate to gases, liquids, mixtures of gases and liquids, and also to supercritical fluids, in which a distinction can no longer be made between liquid and gas phases. It is also possible that a fluid may contain solid particles, including situations in which a fluid is used as a transport agent to convey solid particles, or even situations in which solid particles may be transported as such (in particular by means of gravity) but they are surrounded by a fluid (e.g. surrounded by air from the surrounding environment at ambient pressure).

[0003] The transport of material may be required between different devices that are distinct from one another and are only temporarily connected to one another and / or between sub-units within a more complex machine.

[0004] These plants and machines can come from a wide variety of different technical applications. To name just a few, they can involve chemical processes, food processing, internal combustion engines, air supply, production sites, conveying systems (especially for solid goods, including granular substances and particles such as cement, fertilizers, fly ash, gravel, glass, rock salt), etc.

[0005] It is easy to understand that solid particles moving along the (inner) wall of a tube or hose will exert a significant abrasive action on the wall. Such an abrasive action will result in material being removed from the outer skin of the tube or hose. This can lead to two main problems: Firstly, there is the obvious problem that the outer skin of the tube or hose will become thinner due to abrasion. At a certain point, the mechanical stability of the tube or hose is no longer guaranteed and a tube or hose replacement has to be carried out. Secondly, depending on the application, there can also be the problem that material abraded from the outer skin of the tube or hose will eventually get into the conveyed material, thus causing a certain contamination of this material.

[0006] The obvious approach is of course to use a material that exhibits a very high resistance to abrasion relative to the material to be conveyed within the tube or hose. An example for this is a standard metal tube. However, it is easy to understand that metal tubes do have a certain weight and a certain cost factor, which can be problematic. Furthermore, the flexibility of metal tubes is very limited, thus reducing the field of applicability of this approach.

[0007] In the meantime, wear-resistant plastic materials have also been developed. Such plastic materials are usually lighter than metals and may also be more cost-effective. An example of such a plastic material is thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). However, if the tube is essentially made of such a plastic material only, it is typically very hard. Therefore, its use as a flexible hose is impossible, or at least severely limited.

[0008] In order to be able to provide a hose with increased resistance to wear but still being flexible, it has been proposed to use a multilayer design, in which an inner sheath is provided for wear resistance, while an outer sheath is provided for coping with the forces occurring (load-bearing sheath). Due to this dual approach, the inner anti-wear sheath can be designed in a way that "focuses" on the purpose of wear resistance, while the resilience to any forces occurring only plays a secondary role. It is easy to understand that this widens the range of possible materials that can be used. The same applies to providing an outer sheath for handling the forces occurring.

[0009] This method is undoubtedly successful. However, it comes at a cost. This is because two jackets made of different materials must be joined together. This joint has to be flexible enough not to impair the flexibility of the resulting multilayer hose. Nevertheless, the joint has to have a sufficiently high durability to avoid delamination of the different jackets, which would ultimately require premature replacement of the respective hose.

[0010] In order to increase the joint strength and life of the connection between the wear-resistant jacket and the load-bearing jacket, it has been proposed to use a special intermediate layer (such as glue) for joining the two jackets together.

[0011] US2018 / 371213A1 discloses a multilayer hose having a metal reinforcement layer, a rubber layer and a nylon cloth layer. The rubber layer provides adhesion to other layers. The rubber composition may include acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, 0.5-4.0 wt % of a vulcanizing agent, zinc oxide, carbon black, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine and a melamine resin blend.

[0012] US2006 / 127619A1 discloses a multilayer hose comprising a rubber composition layer inserted between an inner layer and an outer layer and providing adhesion to the layers. The rubber composition may contain 20-65 wt% acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, 0.1-8 phr of a vulcanizing agent, 0.1-15 phr of triallyl cyanurate, amidine carbonate as a co-agent, 3-20 phr of zinc oxide or hydrotalcite as an acid acceptor, 5-250 phr of carbon black N990, 1-50 phr of a processing aid such as polyethylene glycol, and 0.5-10 phr of a tackifier resin.

[0013] US 6,037,025 A discloses a multilayer rubber hose comprising an inner tube inner layer, an inner tube outer layer and a reinforcing layer. The inner tube outer layer is formed by a rubber composition that provides adhesion to the other layers. The rubber composition may include acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, 0.1-3 phr of a vulcanizing agent, p-phenylenediamine, carbon black and zinc oxide.

[0014] Although this approach has led to undeniable improvements, there is still room for improvement, especially in terms of cost-efficiency, life span and connection strength. In particular, it is still desirable to use cost-effective and / or very functional materials for the load-bearing and / or wear-resistant sheaths. As another consequence, the choice of material for these sheaths has an impact on the remaining possible materials for the adhesion-promoting layer. Functionality in this context can be related to high wear resistance and high stability against forces. Summary of the invention

[0015] Therefore, the purpose of the present disclosure is to propose a multi-layer tube or hose, which includes a plurality of coaxially arranged sheaths, wherein the coaxially arranged sheaths are joined together, wherein the multi-layer tube or hose includes at least a load-bearing sheath, an anti-wear sheath and an adhesion promoting layer, wherein the adhesion promoting layer is arranged between the load-bearing sheath and the anti-wear sheath and increases the bonding force between the load-bearing sheath and the anti-wear sheath, and is improved relative to the multi-layer tubes or hoses known in the prior art.

[0016] This object is achieved according to a multilayer tube or hose according to claim 1 .

[0017] A multilayer tube or hose is proposed, which includes a plurality of coaxially arranged sheaths, wherein the coaxially arranged sheaths are joined together. The multilayer tube or hose includes at least a load-bearing sheath; an anti-wear sheath; and an adhesion promoting layer, which is arranged between the load-bearing sheath and the anti-wear sheath and increases the joining force between the load-bearing sheath and the anti-wear sheath.

[0018] The adhesion promoting layer comprises a mixture of:

[0019] 55 to 85 parts of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber,

[0020] 5 to 25 parts of styrene butadiene rubber,

[0021] 5 to 25 parts of EPDM,

[0022] 75 to 125 parts of carbon black N990,

[0023] 30 to 90 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate,

[0024] 5 to 15 parts of zinc oxide,

[0025] 5 to 25 parts of aluminum magnesium hydroxycarbonate,

[0026] 20 to 95 parts of the resin package blend,

[0027] 2 to 10 parts of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine,

[0028] 5 to 15 parts of triallyl cyanurate, and

[0029] 0.5 to 5 parts of vulcanizing agent.

[0030] In this context, when discussing "parts", in particular, parts by weight, parts by number or parts by volume can be considered. "Parts by weight" can be understood in the sense that one part is equal to one mass unit (wherein the mass unit can be selected according to current needs and can be, for example, 1 g, 1 kg, 1 ton, etc.). Similarly, "parts by volume" can be understood in the sense that one part is equal to one volume unit (wherein the volume unit can be selected according to current needs and can be, for example, 1 L, 1 m 3 The term "parts by quantity" is used in a manner similar to that of "parts by weight" (e.g., 1 mol, etc.). "Parts by quantity" may relate to a certain number of molecules (e.g., one part may be equivalent to 1 mol, etc.). It should be understood that when the parts are added together, 100 parts are not usually obtained in the end, especially when (some of) the currently disclosed formulations are used. Therefore, "parts" in this context are generally different from percentages. However, percentages can be easily calculated. To do this, all parts of the individual ingredients must be added together to obtain the "total parts". The parts of the corresponding ingredients can then be divided by the "total parts" to obtain the percentage number. Depending on the selected "part type", the percentage number will be the corresponding percentage number. Just to give an example: if parts by weight are selected, after performing the calculations mentioned, the weight percentage (wt%) will be obtained in the end.

[0031] The material mixture of the adhesion promoting layer can be understood as comprising the mentioned materials. However, it can also be understood as being (substantially / only) composed of the mentioned materials. Including can be understood in a way that additional materials can be added. Those additional materials can be basically materials that have basically no significant effect on the resulting adhesion promoting layer (especially with respect to the adhesion promoting effect). For example, these can be fillers. Including, and in particular "substantially composed of...", can also be understood in a way that can contain several (very small) amounts of additional materials. Those (very small) amounts can be residual substances, wherein the removal of these residual substances may be too time-consuming or costly. In this regard, an extreme case will be impurities (wherein in the case of impurities, even the wording "consisting only of..." can be used, even from the perspective of a technician in the field).

[0032] For some or each of the aforementioned substances, the aforementioned numerals may also be selected from narrower intervals. In particular, the range of the acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber of 55 to 85 parts mentioned may preferably be narrowed to 60 to 80 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, more preferably 65 to 75 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber. It should be noted that the upper and lower limits of the intervals of different widths may be combined, for example, meaning that the interval of 55 to 80 parts or 60 to 75 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber also should be considered as clearly disclosed. This statement may be applicable to intervals of different sizes of all series mentioned in the present disclosure. For completeness, it should be mentioned that acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber is often mentioned with its abbreviation NBR.

[0033] Furthermore, 5 to 25 parts of styrene butadiene rubber is preferably narrowed to 10 to 20 parts of styrene butadiene rubber.For the sake of completeness it should be mentioned that styrene butadiene rubber is often referred to by its abbreviation SBR.

[0034] The aforementioned range of 5 to 25 parts of EPDM rubber is preferably narrowed to 10 to 20 parts of EPDM rubber, more preferably 12 to 15 parts of EPDM rubber.For the sake of completeness it should be mentioned that acrylonitrile butadiene rubber is often referred to by its abbreviation EPDM.

[0035] It should be noted that acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and / or EPDM rubber can be regarded as the elastomeric component (elastomer) constituting the above-mentioned mixture. However, it may or may not be possible to add additional elastomeric components and / or regard other materials from the above-mentioned mixture as elastomeric components.

[0036] 75 to 125 parts of carbon black N990 can preferably be narrowed to 80 to 120 parts of carbon black N990, more preferably to 85 to 115 parts of carbon black N990, even more preferably to 90 to 110 parts of carbon black N990, still more preferably to 95 to 105 parts of carbon black N990, most preferably to 100 parts of carbon black N990. It should be noted that carbon black should be considered to conform to the ASTM definition (ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials) on the date of filing of this application. For subsequent applications, claiming an earlier priority, of course the priority date of the corresponding application should be considered as the effective date.

[0037] 30 to 90 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate may preferably be narrowed to 35 to 80 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate, more preferably to 40 to 60 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate, even more preferably to 42 to 50 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate, most preferably to 45 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate.

[0038] 5 to 15 parts of zinc oxide may preferably be narrowed to 7 to 13 parts of zinc oxide, more preferably to 9 to 11 parts of zinc oxide, and most preferably to 10 parts of zinc oxide.

[0039] 5 to 25 parts of magnesium aluminum hydroxycarbonate can preferably be narrowed to 7 to 20 parts of magnesium aluminum hydroxycarbonate, more preferably to 9 to 15 parts of magnesium aluminum hydroxycarbonate, most preferably to 10 parts of magnesium aluminum hydroxycarbonate. For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that magnesium aluminum hydroxycarbonate is often referred to by its abbreviation hydrotalcite.

[0040] The 20 to 95 parts of resin pack blend may preferably be narrowed to 30 to 85 parts of resin pack blend, more preferably to 35 to 90 parts of resin pack blend, even more preferably to 40 to 70 parts of resin pack blend, still more preferably to 42 to 50 parts of resin pack blend, and most preferably to 46 parts of resin pack blend.

[0041] 2 to 10 parts of N-(1.3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine can be preferably narrowed to 2.5 to 5 parts of N-(1.3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, most preferably narrowed to 3 parts of N-(1.3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine.

[0042] 5 to 15 parts of triallyl cyanurate can preferably be narrowed to 2 to 13 parts of triallyl cyanurate, more preferably 3 to 10 parts of triallyl cyanurate, most preferably 4 parts of triallyl cyanurate. For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that triallyl cyanurate is often referred to by its abbreviation TAC-50.

[0043] Furthermore, 0.5 to 5 parts of the vulcanizing agent may be preferably narrowed to 1 to 3 parts of the vulcanizing agent, more preferably to 1.5 to 2 parts of the vulcanizing agent.

[0044] The inventors have found that the described mixture will lead to a particularly strong and durable bond between the anti-wear jacket and the adhesion-promoting layer of a multilayer tube or hose, and between the adhesion-promoting layer and the load-bearing jacket. This in turn will lead to a particularly strong and durable bond between the anti-wear jacket and the load-bearing jacket.

[0045] In general, a tube or hose is considered to be an elongated device with a hollow interior (inner channel) for conducting fluids (gas, liquid, mixtures of gas and liquid, supercritical fluids (wherein a distinction can no longer be made between gas and liquid)) and / or for conveying materials, in particular granular materials (such as grain, gravel, granules, cement, fertilizers, fly ash, glass, carbon residues from steel mills, rock salt, etc.). In the case of mainly conveying fluids, it is possible that the fluid can contain a certain amount of solid particles (essentially conveying fumes and / or suspensions). If mainly solid particles are conveyed, or in the case of only ambient fluid in the tube or hose (so that a vacuum does not have to be achieved; or in the case of a fluid in the form of a protective atmosphere), they can be conveyed together with the fluid flow (wherein, for example, the movement of the solid particles is caused or supported by the fluid). In general, the tube or hose comprises at least one inner channel (hollow interior), possibly even a plurality of inner channels. Often, the tube or hose has a substantially circular cross section, in particular with regard to pressure and mechanical stability. However, different cross sections are also possible, such as oval or polygonal shapes (possibly with rounded corners). Typically, if the flexibility of the device is relatively low, then we talk about a tube, and if the flexibility of the device is relatively high, then we talk about a hose. The different layers of a multilayer tube or hose are usually arranged in a coaxial manner around the longitudinal axis of the multilayer tube or hose, i.e. radially following each other. Typically, these layers are essentially rotationally symmetrical (or may show n-fold symmetry). This does not exclude the possibility that there may be variations in thickness even in the circumferential direction or even gaps in one or more sheaths. A particular example of such a gap is a reinforcing fabric, in which there is no rotational symmetry in a mathematical sense, because the fabric is constructed in the form of an arrangement of individual filaments of finite size (which show a certain spacing between each other). However, even so, typically there is usually "what can be said to be" rotational symmetry.

[0046] As mentioned above (and below), different jackets and layers do differ in material composition and / or thickness. This usually results in different mechanical properties, such as different strengths, etc. It should be noted that the load-bearing jacket will inevitably provide a certain wear resilience, at least to a certain extent. Therefore, in a sense, the load-bearing jacket will usually also act as a certain anti-wear jacket. Nevertheless, the main purpose of the load-bearing jacket is usually to support the mechanical integrity of the tube or hose. Therefore, the material, thickness and other design considerations are selected in a way that achieves the main purpose of the load-bearing jacket. Similarly, the anti-wear jacket will typically contribute to the mechanical strength of the corresponding tube or hose to a certain extent. Nevertheless, the main purpose of the anti-wear jacket is to reduce the wear caused by the material being transported, and therefore to reduce the wear of the wall of the multi-layer tube or hose.

[0047] The adhesion promoting layer can show various thicknesses, so that the adhesion promoting layer can also be regarded as an adhesion promoting sheath, especially in the presence of a more or less significant thickness of the adhesion promoting layer. The main purpose of the adhesion promoting layer is to ensure a firm and lasting connection between the adjacent anti-wear sheath and the load-bearing sheath. In particular, the risk of delamination of the anti-wear sheath and the load-bearing sheath should be reduced and especially postponed (i.e., resulting in a long life of the resulting multilayer tube or hose). As previously described, the adhesion promoting layer can also show certain load-bearing properties and / or certain wear resistance. Nevertheless, its main purpose is to increase the joining force and / or increase the life of the corresponding engagement. It should be noted that the material of the adhesion promoting layer can even invade the adjacent surface of the adjacent sheath to a certain extent, in particular the adjacent surface of the adjacent anti-wear sheath and / or the adjacent load-bearing sheath. This can be in the form of spikes or dendrites of the material of the adhesion promoting layer, which extend into the cavity of the adjacent sheath, in particular the adjacent anti-wear sheath and / or the adjacent load-bearing sheath (or vice versa). This typically leads to an increased joining force. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, some material mixing may occur between the material of the adhesion promoting layer and the material of the adjacent layers / sheaths. It is even possible that the adhesion promoting layer causes partial intrusion / mixing of adjacent sheaths, in particular load-bearing sheaths and anti-wear sheaths.

[0048] Regarding the aforementioned acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, it is preferred that it contains 18 to 28% by weight of acrylonitrile, and / or, the styrene butadiene rubber contains 10 to 25% by weight of styrene, wherein the butadiene part is preferably composed of 60 to 70% by weight of trans-1,4 configuration, 15 to 20% by weight of cis-1,4 configuration, and the remainder of 1,2 configuration, especially per 100 parts of the elastomer containing acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and / or (possibly) ethylene propylene diene rubber.

[0049] Similar to the "basic" mixture of aforementioned adhesion promoting layer, narrower corresponding interval range can be selected.Especially, 18 to 28 weight % acrylonitrile in acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber can preferably be narrowed to 20 to 27 weight % acrylonitrile, more preferably narrowed to 22 to 26 weight % acrylonitrile, even more preferably narrowed to 24 to 25 weight % acrylonitrile.In addition or alternatively, 10 to 25 weight % styrene in styrene-butadiene rubber can preferably be narrowed to 15 to 20 weight % styrene, more preferably narrowed to 17 to 18 weight % styrene.Even further, butadiene part can more preferably be by 62 to 68 weight % trans-1,4 configuration and / or 17 to 18 weight % cis-1,4 configuration, surplus 1,2 configuration composition, particularly according to 100 parts of the elastomer that comprises acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber and / or EPDM rubber.

[0050] Furthermore, it is proposed that the EPDM rubber may contain 44 to 85% by weight of ethylene and 2.8 to 11% by weight of ethylidene norbornene, in particular per 100 parts of the elastomer containing acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and / or (possibly) EPDM rubber. This can be narrowed to 60 to 70% by weight of ethylene and / or 5 to 8% by weight of ethylidene norbornene.

[0051] According to a preferred embodiment, the resin package blend comprises 5 to 25 parts of hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine liquid resin; 5 to 15 parts of a self-curing modified phenolic resin component; 5 to 25 parts of an aliphatic-aromatic soft resin; 5 to 25 parts of a benzene-1,3-diphenol binder; 5 to 25 parts of an aromatic hydrocarbon resin component, in particular an elastomer containing acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and / or (possibly) ethylene propylene diene rubber, based on 100 parts. More preferably, the resin package blend comprises 10 to 20 parts of hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine liquid resin and / or 7 to 13 parts of self-curing modified phenolic resin component and / or 10 to 20 parts of aliphatic-aromatic soft resin and / or 10 to 20 parts of benzene-1,3-diphenol binder and / or 10 to 20 parts of aromatic hydrocarbon resin component, in particular elastomer containing acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and / or ethylene propylene diene rubber per 100 parts. The "and / or" relationship in the preceding enumeration is to be understood in the following way, i.e., selectively combined with the earlier enumeration as much as possible, so that, for example, 5 to 25 parts of hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine liquid resin (from the range of the "broader enumeration") can be combined with 7 to 13 parts of self-curing modified phenolic resin component (from the range of the "narrower enumeration") and so on. However, this does not exclude a limited number of possible combinations of the already mentioned ranges of different sizes, such as 5 to 20 parts of hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine liquid resin (just to give an example). Merely for the sake of completeness, it is pointed out that benzene-1,3-diol is also known under the name resorcinol.

[0052] Although a wide range of vulcanizing agents (possibly even mixtures of various vulcanizing agents) can be envisaged as vulcanizing agents are known in the prior art, it is suggested that the vulcanizing agent comprises dicumyl peroxide (wherein dicumyl peroxide may be substantially the only vulcanizing agent, but where other vulcanizing agents may also be used). Preliminary experiments have shown that particularly good curing of the remaining ingredients can be achieved when dicumyl peroxide is used at least in part.

[0053] According to another embodiment, it is proposed that the wear-resistant sheath comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane material. In preliminary experiments, these materials have shown very good resistance to abrasive effects, even when relatively large particles are conveyed in corresponding tubes or hoses.

[0054] Preferably, the multilayer tube or hose is designed in such a way that the wear-resistant sheath forms the innermost layer of the multilayer tube or hose. Here, the greatest wear effects usually do occur. This does not exclude the possibility of introducing a coating on the wear-resistant sheath towards the inner channel, for example a certain protective layer for transport or storage before the actual use of the tube or hose.

[0055] Preferably, at least one of the load-bearing sheaths comprises acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and / or ethylene propylene diene rubber.

[0056] If multilayer tube or hose comprise at least one low flammable layer, particularly low flammable jacket or coating, then another preferred embodiment of multilayer tube or hose can be realized, and described low flammable layer preferably comprises acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and / or polyvinyl chloride (or (basically) is made up of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and / or polyvinyl chloride).Like this, safety problem can be solved, particularly when tube or hose are associated with flammable fluid or environment and are used.The example in this respect can be motor vehicle (for example automobile, bus, truck, ship, railway, tram or airplane) or fixed internal combustion engine device (it can be found in power plant or about emergency generator).Here (and not only here), there is the risk of fire that increases.Therefore, the low flammability of corresponding multilayer tube or hose can confirm to improve safety, or may even be necessary in some jurisdictions.Only as a side note, the material that is different from acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and / or polyvinyl chloride can be used alternatively or additionally.

[0057] A preferred embodiment of the multilayer tube or hose can be achieved if the multilayer tube or hose comprises at least one strength-reinforcing means, in particular a strength-reinforcing fabric, more preferably a crimped or non-crimped fabric. In this way, the mechanical strength of the resulting multilayer tube or hose can typically be significantly increased without unduly increasing the size, cost and / or weight of the resulting multilayer tube or hose. As threads for the fabric, in particular polyester textile yarns, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, nylon filaments, etc. can advantageously be used.

[0058] Even further, it is suggested that multilayer tube or hose include at least one diffusion reduction sheath, which is particularly embedded between two different sheaths, particularly between two load-bearing sheaths. Use diffusion to reduce sheath, it is advantageous to avoid the material (or its part) conveyed by multilayer tube or hose from diffusing to the outside. Therefore, the toxic, inflammable, explosive or other dangerous substances that should not penetrate through the wall of tube or shell can be effectively contained in tube or hose. In the case where environmental substances should be prevented from entering tube or hose, this design can also prove to be advantageous. An example in this respect is the transmission of food processing or highly sensitive substances. Here, tube or hose may be problematic for the permeability of (for example) oxygen, because oxygen may cause the food to be processed to deteriorate or go bad too early. Similarly, this can be avoided by using the diffusion reduction sheath currently proposed. By using the second diffusion to reduce sheath, the mechanical strength of the resulting multilayer tube or hose can even further improve. In addition, using this design, diffusion can be prevented from reducing sheath and anti-wear sheath direct contact. It is noted that the main function of a diffusion reduction sheath is to reduce diffusion and that diffusion reduction sheaths are therefore usually relatively susceptible to wear or damage when exposed to external influences. Thus, using the presently proposed preferred design, the life of the tube or hose can be increased, often even significantly.

[0059] Preferably, the multilayer tube or hose comprises at least one second type of adhesion promoting sheath between the diffusion reducing sheath and at least one adjacent sheath, preferably at least one adjacent load-bearing sheath. Similar to the aforementioned (first) adhesion promoting sheath between at least one load-bearing sheath and the anti-wear sheath, the bond between the diffusion reducing sheath and the adjacent (load-bearing) sheath may become more secure and / or may exhibit an increased lifetime, in particular an increased time before delineation occurs.

[0060] Preferably, the second type of adhesion promoting sheath comprises a mixture of:

[0061] 65 to 85 parts of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber,

[0062] 15 to 35 parts of styrene butadiene rubber,

[0063] 75 to 125 parts of carbon black N990,

[0064] 30 to 100 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate,

[0065] 5 to 15 parts of zinc oxide,

[0066] 5 to 20 parts of magnesium aluminum hydroxycarbonate,

[0067] 25 to 125 parts of resin package blend,

[0068] 2 to 10 parts of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine,

[0069] 5 to 15 parts of triallyl cyanurate, and

[0070] 0.5 to 5 parts of vulcanizing agent.

[0071] Such a mixture has proven to be particularly well suited for the present purpose of joining together a diffusion reducing sheath and a load-bearing sheath.

[0072] The material contents defined by the indicated ranges may also be narrowed according to previous suggestions.

[0073] However, for acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, the range mentioned of 65 to 85 parts of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber may preferably be narrowed to 70 to 80 parts of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, and even more preferably to 72 to 78 parts of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, most preferably to 75 parts of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber.

[0074] Thus, 15 to 35 parts of styrene butadiene rubber may preferably be narrowed to 20 to 30 parts of styrene butadiene rubber, more preferably 23 to 33 parts of styrene butadiene rubber, and most preferably 25 to 30 parts of styrene butadiene rubber.

[0075] Even further, in the present context, 30 to 100 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate may preferably be narrowed to 35 to 80 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate, more preferably to 40 to 60 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate, even more preferably to 42 to 50 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate, most preferably to 45 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate.

[0076] 5 to 20 parts of magnesium aluminum hydroxycarbonate can preferably be narrowed to 7 to 15 parts of magnesium aluminum hydroxycarbonate, even more preferably to 9 to 12 parts of magnesium aluminum hydroxycarbonate, most preferably to 10 parts of magnesium aluminum hydroxycarbonate. For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that magnesium aluminum hydroxycarbonate is often referred to by its abbreviation hydrotalcite.

[0077] The 25 to 125 parts of resin pack blend may preferably be narrowed to 30 to 110 parts of resin pack blend, more preferably to 35 to 90 parts of resin pack blend, even more preferably to 40 to 70 parts of resin pack blend, still more preferably to 42 to 50 parts of resin pack blend, and most preferably to 46 parts of resin pack blend.

[0078] With regard to possible compositions of the acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, the styrene butadiene rubber, the resin package blend and / or the vulcanizing agent, reference is made to the previous description.

[0079] Just for the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that - although it is preferred to arrange at least one load-bearing sheath between the diffusion-reducing sheath and the anti-wear sheath, it is also possible that a direct / adjacent placement and joining of the diffusion-reducing sheath and the anti-wear sheath is possible. An intermediate adhesion-promoting layer between the diffusion-reducing sheath and the anti-wear sheath may or may not be present. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0080] Further advantages, features and objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention in conjunction with the associated drawings, in which:

[0081] Figure 1 : A schematic perspective view of a cutaway portion of a first possible embodiment of a multilayer hose including an anti-wear jacket, a load-bearing jacket, and an adhesion-promoting layer according to the present disclosure;

[0082] Figure 2 : Schematic cross-sectional view of a second possible embodiment of a multilayer hose, in particular including an anti-wear jacket and a diffusion reducing jacket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0083] Figure 1 A first possible embodiment of a multilayer hose 1 according to the invention is shown. The multilayer hose 1 is currently designed as a hose for conveying solid material, in particular in the form of particles (grains, granular particles, cement, fertilizers, fly ash, rock salt, etc.) through a fluid channel 11. The multilayer hose 1 is therefore particularly susceptible to abrasive effects. Therefore, an anti-wear sheath 12 is provided to reduce this abrasion. Currently, the anti-wear sheath 12 consists essentially of a thermoplastic polyurethane material. Such a material is known in the prior art to have very good anti-wear properties and is combined with various other advantages, such as flexibility, low cost, etc.

[0084] Since the multilayer hose 1 shown here is designed to receive large forces, it is provided not only with a load-bearing sheath 2, but also with an additional strength-reinforcing sheath 7. Thus, the first embodiment of the multilayer hose 1 shows additional layers and / or sheaths relative to the so-called "minimal design" according to the present disclosure.

[0085] As in Figure 1 As can be seen in the figure, the multi-layer hose 1 includes a load-bearing sheath 2 and a strength-reinforced sheath 7 .

[0086] The load-bearing sheath 2 is made of a standard hose rubber material, which is known in the prior art. Currently, the load-bearing sheath 2 is made of NBR rubber, SBR rubber or a mixture thereof (NBR = acrylonitrile butadiene rubber; SBR = styrene butadiene rubber). However, different material compositions are also conceivable, at least in principle.

[0087] In order to increase the mechanical resistance of the multilayer hose 1, an additional strength-reinforcing sheath 7 is provided. Currently, the strength-reinforcing sheath 7 comprises a mesh of textile yarns, wherein currently the yarns are made of polyester textile yarns. The strength-reinforcing sheath 7 is embedded in an elastomeric matrix, wherein for the matrix of the strength-reinforcing sheath 7, the same and / or different material composition can be selected compared to the load-bearing sheath 2. In particular, the elastomeric matrix can include acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and / or ethylene propylene diene rubber.

[0088] In order to provide sufficient stability of the resulting multilayer hose 1, and in accordance with the different materials / material compositions of the load-bearing sheath 2 and the wear-resistant sheath 12, an adhesion-promoting layer 13 is currently provided between the load-bearing sheath 2 and the wear-resistant sheath 12. The material that can be selected for this adhesion-promoting layer 13 has to be a compromise between a secure bond, a long life (particularly with respect to delamination of the sheaths 2, 13 that are bonded together), manufacturing practicality, material costs, etc.

[0089] Currently, a material composition for an adhesion promoting layer 13 is proposed, wherein the layer includes a material mixture comprising: 55 to 85 parts of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber; 5 to 25 parts of styrene butadiene rubber; 5 to 25 parts of ethylene propylene rubber; 75 to 125 parts of carbon black N990; 30 to 90 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate; 5 to 15 parts of zinc oxide; 5 to 25 parts of hydroxy magnesium aluminum carbonate; 20 to 95 parts of a resin package blend; 2 to 10 parts of N-(1.3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 5 to 15 parts of triallyl cyanurate; and 0.5 to 5 parts of a vulcanizing agent.

[0090] Experimental results using two specific examples of material mixtures according to the present disclosure, as well as measured parameters of certain physical properties, are shown in Table 1. From Table 1 it is evident that the use of the currently proposed adhesion promoting layer 13 shows improved properties of the resulting multilayer hose 1 .

[0091] Table 1

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] Just for the sake of completeness, it is mentioned that the multilayer hose 1 shows an elongated design with an axial, longitudinally arranged central axis. The different jackets and layers of the wall of the multilayer hose 1 are arranged in a coaxial manner and are placed adjacent to each other (and joined together) in the following order (from inside to outside, as seen in radial direction): anti-wear jacket 12, adhesion promoting layer 13, load-bearing jacket 2, strength-reinforcing jacket 7.

[0095] Figure 2A second possible embodiment of a multilayer hose 10 is shown in schematic cross-section. Note that the thickness of the individual jackets and layers are exaggerated relative to the diameter of the inner fluid conduit 11. Furthermore, the thickness of the individual jackets and layers will typically also vary between individual jackets and layers.

[0096] The second embodiment of the multilayer hose 10 shown here is similar to the Figure 1 The first embodiment of the multilayer hose 1 shown is somewhat similar. That is, some parts of the outer skin of the hose according to the second embodiment of the multilayer hose 10 are similar to those according to Figure 1 The design of the first embodiment of the multilayer hose 1 is equivalent. For the sake of brevity, reference is made to the previous description. Only for the sake of completeness, it is mentioned that in Figure 2 In the cross-sectional view of FIG. 7 , the various threads of the polyester spun yarn 9 inside the strength reinforcing sheath 7 can be seen.

[0097] In addition, for the additional fire resistance of the multilayer hose 10, a low-flammable sheath 8 is provided as an outer layer, coating or sheath. Currently, the low-flammable sheath 8 comprises a mixture of nitrile rubber and polyvinyl chloride. This material mixture is known in the prior art to be relatively flame resistant.

[0098] Due to the low diffusion of fuel through the multilayer hose 10, and the reduced flammability due to the low flammability jacket 8, the currently proposed multilayer hose 10 specifically meets the new marine fuel hose standards SAEJ 1527 Category A1-15 and ISO7840, respectively, which will take effect on January 1, 2023. Obviously, this is an advantage.

[0099] Furthermore, there is a diffusion reduction sheath 4 (diffusion barrier). For the diffusion reduction sheath 4, the material polyamide 6 is currently selected. This material exhibits a favorable diffusion resistance to the passage of common fuels.

[0100] For stability and design reasons, the diffusion reducing sheath 4 is arranged between the two load-bearing sheaths 2, 6. In particular, the load-bearing sheath 2 can be regarded as an additional intermediate sheath between the two adhesion promoting layers 3, 13, which are preferably made of different compositions. In addition, by providing two load-bearing sheaths 2, 6, the mechanical stability of the multilayer hose 10 will be higher.

[0101] In order to provide a good bond between the diffusion reducing sheath 4 and the two adjacent load-bearing sheaths 2, 6, suitable adhesion promoting layers 3, 5 of different composition (compared to the adhesion promoting layer 13) are provided. It is to be noted that usually the composition of the two types of adhesion promoting layers 3, 5 and 13 has to be different, since they have to be used to bond different materials (sheaths) together.

[0102] Currently, the material composition for the second type of adhesion promoting layer 3, 5 includes: 65 to 85 parts of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, 15 to 35 parts of styrene butadiene rubber, 75 to 125 parts of carbon black N990, 30 to 100 parts of calcium magnesium carbonate, 5 to 15 parts of zinc oxide, 5 to 20 parts of hydroxy magnesium aluminum carbonate, 25 to 125 parts of resin package blend, 2 to 10 parts of N-(1.3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 5 to 15 parts of triallyl cyanurate and 0.5 to 5 parts of vulcanizing agent.

[0103] In detail, in Table 2, three different material compositions are explicitly shown for which experiments have been carried out. Table 2 also indicates certain measured parameters.

[0104] Table 2

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] Just for the sake of completeness, it is mentioned that the multilayer hose 10 according to the second embodiment shows an elongated design with an axial, longitudinally arranged central axis. The different jackets and layers of the wall of the multilayer hose 10 are arranged in a coaxial manner and are placed adjacent to each other (and joined together) in the following order (from inside to outside, as seen in radial direction): anti-wear jacket 12, additional adhesion promoting layer 13 of different composition, first load-bearing jacket 2, first adhesion promoting layer 3, diffusion reducing jacket 4, second adhesion promoting layer 5, second load-bearing jacket 6, strength-reinforcing jacket 7 and low-flammability jacket 8.

[0108] Additional information may be obtained from a parallely filed patent application filed on the same date by the same applicant under the applicant's reference number DAN 2205EP. The disclosure of that application is to be deemed to be fully incorporated in the present application.

[0109] It is noted that single or multiple features of the presently disclosed detailed embodiments may be used in combination with the general description of the present disclosure.

[0110] Reference Mark List

[0111] 1. Multilayer hose (first embodiment)

[0112] 2. The first load-bearing sheath

[0113] 3. First adhesion promoting layer

[0114] 4. Diffusion reduction sheath

[0115] 5. Second adhesion promoting layer

[0116] 6. Second load-bearing sheath

[0117] 7.Strength enhanced sheath

[0118] 8. Low flammability sheath

[0119] 9. Polyester yarn

[0120] 10. Multilayer hose (second embodiment)

[0121] 11. Fluid Channel

[0122] 12. Anti-wear sheath

[0123] 13. Adhesion promoting layers of different compositions

Claims

1. A multi-layer tube or hose (1, 10), comprising a plurality of coaxially arranged sheaths (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13), wherein the coaxially arranged sheaths (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13) are joined together, and the multi-layer tube or hose (1, 10) comprises at least: Load-bearing sheath (2), an anti-wear sheath (12), and an adhesion promoting layer (13) which is arranged between the load-bearing sheath (2) and the anti-wear sheath (12) and which increases the joining force between the load-bearing sheath (2) and the anti-wear sheath (12), The adhesion promoting layer (13) comprises a mixture of: 55 to 85 parts by weight of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, 5 to 25 parts by weight of styrene butadiene rubber, 5 to 25 parts by weight of EPDM rubber, 75 to 125 parts by weight of carbon black N990, 5 to 15 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 2 to 10 parts by weight of N-(1.3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a vulcanizing agent, and 20 to 95 parts by weight of a resin package blend, the resin package blend comprising: 5 to 25 parts by weight of a hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine liquid resin; 5 to 15 parts by weight of a self-curing modified phenolic resin component; 5 to 25 parts by weight of an aliphatic-aromatic soft resin; 5 to 25 parts by weight of a benzene-1,3-diphenol binder; and 5 to 25 parts by weight of an aromatic hydrocarbon resin component, per 100 parts by weight of an elastomer comprising acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber, Features: 5 to 15 parts by weight of triallyl cyanurate, 30 to 90 parts by weight of calcium magnesium carbonate, and 5 to 25 parts by weight of magnesium aluminum hydroxycarbonate.

2. The multilayer tube or hose (1, 10) according to claim 1, characterized in that The acrylonitrile butadiene rubber contains 18 to 28% by weight of acrylonitrile and / or the styrene butadiene rubber contains 10 to 25% by weight of styrene, wherein the butadiene part is preferably composed of 60 to 70% by weight of trans-1,4 configuration, 15 to 20% by weight of cis-1,4 configuration, and the remainder of 1,2 configuration, especially based on 100 parts of the elastomer containing acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber.

3. The multilayer tube or hose (1, 10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The EPDM rubber contains 44 to 85% by weight of ethylene and 2.8 to 11% by weight of ethylidene norbornene, particularly based on 100 parts of an elastomer containing acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber.

4. The multilayer tube or hose (1, 10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The vulcanizing agent includes dicumyl peroxide.

5. The multilayer tube or hose (1, 10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The anti-wear sheath (12) comprises thermoplastic polyurethane material.

6. A multilayer tube or hose (1, 10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The wear resistant sheath (12) forms the innermost layer of the multi-layer tube or hose (1, 10).

7. A multilayer tube or hose (1, 10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The at least one load-bearing sheath (2) comprises acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and / or ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.

8. A multilayer tube or hose (1, 10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least The low flammability layer (8), in particular a low flammability jacket (8) or coating, preferably comprises nitrile rubber and / or polyvinyl chloride.

9. A multilayer tube or hose (1, 10) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised by at least a strength reinforcing means (7), in particular a strength reinforcing fabric (7), more preferably a crimped or non-crimped fabric.

10. A multilayer tube or hose (1, 10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least A diffusion-reducing sheath (4) is particularly embedded between two different sheaths (2, 6), particularly between two load-bearing sheaths (2, 6).

11. A multilayer tube or hose (1, 10) according to claim 10, characterized by at least a second type of adhesion promoting sheath (3, 5) between the diffusion reducing sheath (4) and at least one adjacent sheath (2, 6), preferably between at least one adjacent load-bearing sheath (2, 6).

12. The multilayer tube or hose (1, 10) according to claim 11, characterized in that The second type of adhesion promoting sheath (3, 5) comprises a mixture of: 65 to 85 parts by weight of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, 15 to 35 parts by weight of styrene butadiene rubber, 75 to 125 parts by weight of carbon black N990, 30 to 100 parts by weight of calcium magnesium carbonate, 5 to 15 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 5 to 20 parts by weight of magnesium aluminum hydroxycarbonate, 2 to 10 parts by weight of N-(1.3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 5 to 15 parts by weight of triallyl cyanurate, 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a vulcanizing agent, and 20 to 95 parts by weight of a resin package blend, the resin package blend comprising: 5 to 25 parts by weight of hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine liquid resin; 5 to 15 parts by weight of a self-curing modified phenolic resin component; 5 to 25 parts by weight of an aliphatic-aromatic soft resin; 5 to 25 parts by weight of a benzene-1,3-diphenol binder; and 5 to 25 parts by weight of an aromatic hydrocarbon resin component, based on 100 parts by weight of an elastomer comprising acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber.

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