Engineering surveying and mapping method and system based on unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of surveying and mapping science and technology, in particular to an engineering surveying and mapping method and system based on unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, and the method comprises the following steps: deploying an unmanned aerial vehicle on a predetermined flight route, carrying out the coverage flight of a designated area, collecting the temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure data in the area, and transmitting the data back to a ground station through wireless transmission; and obtaining meteorological observation data. According to the invention, through real-time meteorological observation data, the instantaneity of data and the practicability of application are significantly improved, an executor is allowed to quickly respond to meteorological changes and timely adjust flight and surveying and mapping plans, recent meteorological changes are analyzed and predicted through a time sequence, and the flight plan can be further flexibly adjusted. Through the introduction of a prediction and adjustment mechanism, the precision of engineering surveying and mapping is improved, the safety of operation is also improved, and flight under extreme meteorological conditions can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of surveying and mapping science and technology, and in particular to an engineering surveying and mapping method and system based on unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing. Background Art

[0002] The field of surveying and mapping science and technology uses geospatial data to study and describe the characteristics of the earth's surface, including topographic surveying, mapping, remote sensing, the development and application of geographic information systems (GIS), and other branches. Various advanced equipment and software, such as total stations, satellite positioning systems, and drones, are used to collect and analyze data to support a variety of applications such as land management, urban planning, and environmental monitoring. The purpose of surveying and mapping science is to provide accurate and reliable geographic information to help government agencies, businesses, and the public make decisions based on geographic location.

[0003] Among them, the engineering surveying method of UAV remote sensing refers to the use of drones equipped with cameras or sensors to conduct aerial photography and data collection to support the planning and execution of engineering projects. Uses include land surveys, monitoring of construction projects, and assessment of environmental changes. UAV remote sensing can provide high-resolution images and geographic information, making engineering surveying more efficient, economical, and flexible in operation. This technology is particularly suitable for inaccessible or large-scale areas, effectively improving the safety and accuracy of data collection.

[0004] Although existing surveying and mapping technologies are quite mature in terms of terrain data collection and analysis, they face problems in surveying and mapping accuracy caused by meteorological changes in actual operations, especially in unpredictable severe weather conditions, such as strong winds or sudden changes in temperature and humidity, which can directly affect the performance of surveying and mapping equipment and data accuracy. Existing technologies lack the ability to incorporate meteorological factors into surveying and mapping strategies in real time, resulting in the inability to effectively adapt to environmental changes during data collection, increasing the need for re-surveying and project costs. For example, unpredictable changes in wind speed lead to blurring of drone aerial images, affecting the quality and efficiency of overall surveying and mapping. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem of surveying and mapping accuracy caused by meteorological changes in actual operation of the existing technology, especially under unpredictable severe weather conditions, such as strong winds or sudden changes in temperature and humidity, factors can directly affect the performance of surveying and mapping equipment and data accuracy. The existing technology lacks the ability to incorporate meteorological factors into the surveying and mapping strategy in real time, resulting in the inability to effectively adapt to environmental changes during the data collection process, increasing the need for re-surveying and project costs. For example, unpredictable changes in wind speed lead to blurring of drone aerial images, affecting the quality and efficiency of the overall surveying and mapping. The embodiment of the present invention provides an engineering surveying and mapping method and system based on drone remote sensing. The technical solution is as follows: On the one hand, a method for engineering surveying and mapping based on UAV remote sensing is provided, the method comprising: S1: Deploy drones on a predetermined flight route to conduct coverage flights over a designated area, collect temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure data in the area, and transmit them back to the ground station via wireless transmission to obtain meteorological observation data; S2: using the meteorological observation data, performing time series analysis of temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure, predicting meteorological changes in the past few hours, and generating short-term meteorological forecast results; S3: Identify the relationship between meteorology and engineering surveying and mapping accuracy through the short-term meteorological forecast results, evaluate the impact of meteorological condition changes on engineering surveying and mapping accuracy, and obtain accuracy impact analysis results; S4: According to the accuracy impact analysis results, the flight altitude, speed and route of the UAV are adjusted, the flight and engineering surveying strategies are optimized, the short-term meteorological changes are matched, and the optimized flight plan is obtained; S5: Using the optimized flight plan, in the target area, using UAV remote sensing technology, terrain data is collected at preset sample points, and terrain changes are analyzed and simulated to identify terrain details for engineering surveying and mapping, and obtain a terrain detail mapping log.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention, the meteorological observation data include temperature data points, humidity data points, wind speed data points, and air pressure data points; the short-term meteorological forecast results include predicted temperature trends, predicted humidity trends, predicted wind speed fluctuation ranges, and predicted air pressure change intervals; the accuracy impact analysis results include the impact value of meteorological conditions on surveying and mapping point deviations, the impact range on surveying and mapping image resolution, and the impact amplitude on surveying and mapping time stability; the optimized flight plan includes an adjusted optimal flight altitude range, recommended flight speed parameters, and an optimized coverage route coordinate set; the terrain detail surveying and mapping log includes a data set of terrain sample points, terrain slope distribution, and a data set of terrain change simulation.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention, a drone is deployed on a predetermined flight route to perform a coverage flight over a designated area, collect temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure data in the area, and transmit the data back to a ground station via wireless transmission. The specific steps for obtaining meteorological observation data are as follows: S101: deploying drones on a predetermined flight route, performing coverage flight in a designated area, controlling the drones to follow the set path parameters and flight altitude, checking the consistency and coverage of data collection, and obtaining aerial path data records; S102: Based on the air path data record, activate the differentiated sensors on the drone, collect temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure data in the area in real time, adjust the collection frequency and sensor sensitivity, match the differentiated climate conditions, check the quality of the data, and obtain the environmental monitoring data set; S103: Using the environmental monitoring data set, the drone transmits the collected data back to the ground station via wireless transmission, optimizes the transmission frequency and signal strength, avoids packet loss and delay in data transmission, and obtains meteorological observation data.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention, the steps of using the meteorological observation data to perform time series analysis of temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure to predict meteorological changes in the past few hours and generate short-term meteorological forecast results are specifically as follows: S201: using the meteorological observation data, importing the data of temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure, performing data correction, removing abnormal values ​​and missing data, and obtaining a corrected data set; S202: using the corrected data set, adopting a time series analysis method to perform pattern recognition and trend analysis on temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure, identifying the periodicity and long-term trend of the differentiated parameters, and obtaining a time series analysis result; S203: applying a prediction model based on the time series analysis results to predict weather changes in the next few hours, adjusting the parameters of the prediction model, optimizing the reliability of the prediction, and obtaining short-term weather prediction results.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, the steps of identifying the relationship between meteorology and engineering surveying and mapping accuracy through the short-term meteorological forecast results, evaluating the impact of meteorological condition changes on engineering surveying and mapping accuracy, and obtaining the accuracy impact analysis results are specifically as follows: S301: Collect and integrate engineering surveying and mapping data and accuracy records through the short-term weather forecast results, compare surveying and mapping accuracy differences under differentiated weather conditions, analyze the correlation between meteorological factors and surveying and mapping accuracy, and obtain weather and surveying and mapping accuracy relationship data; S302: using the weather and surveying accuracy relationship data, evaluating the impact of changes in temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure on engineering surveying accuracy, calculating the accuracy estimation value under differentiated weather conditions, and obtaining the accuracy change statistical analysis results; S303: Based on the accuracy change statistical analysis results, evaluate the potential impact of changes in meteorological conditions in the next few hours on engineering surveying and mapping operations, propose adaptive measures and improvement strategies, optimize the accuracy and efficiency of engineering surveying and mapping, and obtain accuracy impact analysis results.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the formula for calculating the accuracy estimate under the differentiated meteorological conditions is: , Among them, Z a is the accuracy estimate, T represents temperature, H represents humidity, W represents wind speed, P represents air pressure, and a, b, c, and d are adjustment coefficients.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, according to the accuracy impact analysis results, the flight altitude, speed and route of the UAV are adjusted, the flight and engineering surveying strategies are optimized, and the steps of matching short-term meteorological changes to obtain the optimized flight plan are specifically as follows: S401: Evaluate the flight parameters of the UAV, including altitude, speed and route, based on the accuracy impact analysis results, adjust the flight strategy according to the predicted changes in meteorological conditions, avoid the negative impact of meteorological factors on engineering surveying and mapping accuracy, and obtain a record of adjusted parameters; S402: Based on the adjustment parameter record, simulate the influence of the adjusted flight route and speed on engineering surveying and mapping, and perform tests to verify the optimization of the flight parameters and obtain simulated flight results; S403: According to the simulated flight results, a flight plan for the UAV is formulated, weather conditions, flight parameters and engineering surveying and mapping requirements are integrated, flight and engineering surveying and mapping strategies are optimized, the ability to cope with weather changes in the short term is verified, and an optimized flight plan is obtained.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the optimized flight plan is used to collect terrain data at preset sample points in the target area through UAV remote sensing technology, and the terrain changes are analyzed and simulated to identify the terrain details of engineering surveying and mapping. The steps of obtaining the terrain detail surveying and mapping log are specifically as follows: S501: adopting the optimized flight plan, starting the UAV, flying in the target area according to the adjusted route and parameters, locating the preset sample points, performing the terrain data collection task, and obtaining terrain data collection records; S502: According to the terrain data collection record, the collected terrain data is analyzed by applying the UAV remote sensing technology, a three-dimensional analysis of terrain features is performed, the terrain height of the preset sample points is calculated, and terrain analysis and simulation results are obtained; S503: Utilizing the terrain analysis and simulation results, perform terrain change analysis, compare terrain details, identify and record terrain change trends and key details, and obtain a terrain detail mapping log.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, the formula for calculating the terrain height of the preset sample point is: , Where Z' is the terrain height, W i is the weight coefficient of the i-th observation point, D iis the original terrain height of the i-th observation point, is the distance attenuation factor, d i is the distance from the observation point to the sample point, α is the attenuation coefficient, is the root mean square of the weight, and e is a natural constant.

[0014] On the other hand, an electric vehicle state monitoring system is provided, the electric vehicle state monitoring system is used to execute the above electric vehicle state monitoring method, the system comprises: The flight planning module deploys the drone on a predetermined flight route, covers a designated area, collects temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure data, and obtains meteorological observation data; The meteorological analysis module performs time series analysis on temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure based on the meteorological observation data to obtain meteorological change prediction results; The accuracy assessment module uses the meteorological change prediction results to identify the relationship between meteorological conditions and engineering surveying and mapping accuracy, assess the degree of impact, and obtain accuracy impact analysis results; The strategy optimization module adjusts the flight altitude, speed and route of the UAV according to the accuracy impact analysis results, optimizes the surveying and mapping strategy, and obtains an optimized flight plan; The terrain change recognition module executes the optimized flight plan, collects terrain data through preset sample points of the UAV in the target area, performs terrain change analysis, and obtains terrain scanning data; The terrain simulation module simulates the terrain changes in the area through the terrain scanning data, analyzes the terrain details of the engineering survey, performs three-dimensional analysis of the terrain features, records the terrain change trends and key details, and obtains the terrain detail surveying log.

[0015] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least: By deploying drones to conduct coverage flights over specific areas on a predetermined flight route, the collected temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure data can be fed back to the ground station in a timely manner to provide real-time meteorological observation data. This data collection and real-time feedback mechanism significantly improves the immediacy of data and the practicality of application, allowing executors to quickly respond to meteorological changes and adjust flight and mapping plans in a timely manner. Predicting recent meteorological changes through time series analysis further enables flight plans to be flexibly adjusted to cope with sudden changes in meteorological conditions. The introduction of the prediction and adjustment mechanism not only improves the accuracy of engineering surveying and mapping, but also increases the safety of operations and can avoid flying under extreme meteorological conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2This is a detailed flow chart of S1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a detailed flow chart of S2 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a detailed flow chart of S3 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a detailed flow chart of S4 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a detailed flow chart of S5 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a system flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "example" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "example" is intended to present the concept in a specific way. In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or it can be either of the two.

[0025] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more clear, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides an engineering surveying and mapping method based on UAV remote sensing. The processing flow of the method may include the following steps: S1: Deploy drones on a predetermined flight route to conduct coverage flights over a designated area, collect temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure data in the area, and transmit them back to the ground station via wireless transmission to obtain meteorological observation data; S2: Use meteorological observation data to perform time series analysis of temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure, predict meteorological changes in the past few hours, and generate short-term meteorological forecast results; S3: Through the short-term meteorological forecast results, identify the relationship between meteorology and engineering surveying and mapping accuracy, evaluate the impact of meteorological condition changes on engineering surveying and mapping accuracy, and obtain accuracy impact analysis results; S4: According to the accuracy impact analysis results, adjust the flight altitude, speed and route of the UAV, optimize the flight and engineering mapping strategies, match the short-term weather changes, and obtain the optimized flight plan; S5: Using the optimized flight plan, in the target area, using UAV remote sensing technology, collect terrain data at preset sample points, analyze and simulate terrain changes, identify terrain details for engineering surveying, and obtain terrain detail surveying logs; Meteorological observation data include temperature data points, humidity data points, wind speed data points, and air pressure data points. Short-term meteorological forecast results include predicted temperature trend, predicted humidity trend, predicted wind speed fluctuation range, and predicted air pressure change range. Accuracy impact analysis results include the impact value of meteorological conditions on surveying and mapping point deviation, the impact range on surveying and mapping image resolution, and the impact amplitude on surveying and mapping time stability. The optimized flight plan includes the adjusted optimal flight altitude range, recommended flight speed parameters, and optimized coverage route coordinate set. The terrain detail mapping log includes a data set of terrain sample points, terrain slope distribution, and a data set of terrain change simulation.

[0027] Specifically, if Figure 2 As shown in the figure, a drone is deployed on a predetermined flight route to conduct a coverage flight over a designated area, collect temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure data in the area, and transmit the data back to the ground station via wireless transmission. The specific steps for obtaining meteorological observation data are as follows: S101: Deploy the drone on the predetermined flight route, perform coverage flight in the designated area, control the drone to follow the set path parameters and flight altitude, check the consistency and coverage of data collection, and obtain the execution process of the aerial path data record as follows; In the deployment of the planned flight route of the UAV, the most suitable type of UAV is selected and equipped with a corresponding navigation system by analyzing the detailed map and environmental characteristics of the designated area to ensure that the UAV can accurately follow the set path parameters and flight altitude. The UAV uses a high-precision GPS and gyroscope system for positioning to adjust the flight attitude and speed to ensure the accuracy of the flight path and maximize the coverage. At the same time, the camera and radar system equipped with the UAV will monitor the flight area in real time and collect terrain and obstacle information. The data will be transmitted back to the ground control center in real time via radio signals. The ground control center will analyze the data in real time, and by comparing the deviation between the planned route and the actual flight trajectory, the flight plan of the UAV will be adjusted immediately to ensure the smooth progress of the entire flight mission and obtain air path data records.

[0028] S102: Based on the air path data record, activate the differentiated sensors on the drone, collect the temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure data in the area in real time, adjust the collection frequency and sensor sensitivity, match the differentiated climate conditions, check the quality of the data, and obtain the execution process of the environmental monitoring data set as follows; Adjust the acquisition frequency and sensor sensitivity according to the formula: , Calculate the adjusted sensor frequency response, where f is the sensor response frequency, L represents the sensor inductance, and C represents the capacitance; The frequency response of the sensor is determined by the inductance L and the capacitance C, where the values ​​of L and C are determined by the physical structure and material of the sensor and can be determined experimentally. For example, if the inductance of a sensor is 1 millihenry (mH) and the capacitance is 1 microfarad (uF), the adjusted frequency response is: , , The calculation results show that the response frequency of the sensor is 159.15 Hz, which is suitable for monitoring needs under corresponding environmental conditions.

[0029] S103: Using the environmental monitoring data set, the drone transmits the collected data back to the ground station through wireless transmission, optimizes the transmission frequency and signal strength, avoids the packet loss rate and delay in data transmission, and the execution process of obtaining meteorological observation data is as follows; In the process of the drone transmitting the collected data back to the ground station through wireless transmission, the key is to optimize the transmission frequency and signal strength, and enhance the signal's anti-interference ability by adopting advanced communication technologies, such as frequency modulation or spread spectrum technology. At the same time, the ground station uses high-sensitivity receivers and multiplexing technology to increase data reception efficiency and reduce data packet loss and delay caused by signal attenuation. Dynamic routing and error detection and correction technology are used in the data transmission process to dynamically adjust the transmission path and correct errors in the transmission in real time to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission, significantly reduce the packet loss rate and delay of data transmission, and obtain meteorological observation data.

[0030] Specifically, if Figure 3 As shown in the figure, using meteorological observation data, performing time series analysis of temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure, and predicting meteorological changes in the past few hours, the steps to generate short-term meteorological forecast results are as follows: S201: Using meteorological observation data, importing data on temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure, performing data correction, removing outliers and missing data, and obtaining a corrected data set. The execution process is as follows; During the data correction process, temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure data are imported, and statistical methods are used to perform preliminary analysis on the data to identify outliers and missing data in the data. The standard deviation method is used to identify outliers. For example, data points with temperature values ​​exceeding the average temperature by ±3 standard deviations are considered abnormal. Missing data are supplemented by time series interpolation methods, such as linear interpolation or Lagrange interpolation. The data is normalized so that the data can be compared and processed under the same standard to obtain a corrected data set.

[0031] S202: Using the corrected data set, adopting the time series analysis method, performing pattern recognition and trend analysis on temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure, identifying the periodicity and long-term trend of the differentiated parameters, and obtaining the execution process of the time series analysis results is as follows; Perform pattern recognition and trend analysis on temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure according to the formula: , Calculate the trend and periodicity of the time series, where X t represents the meteorological parameter value at time t, α represents the intercept of the trend term, β represents the slope of the trend term, T represents the cycle length, φ represents the phase, ∈ t represents the random error term, γ represents the amplitude of the periodic temperature change; The formula is used to describe the periodicity and trend components in a time series. For example, if the analysis of meteorological data shows that the temperature has obvious seasonal changes in a year, the period T can be set to 365 days; The data were fitted by the least squares method to determine the values ​​of α, β, γ and φ. During the analysis, the periodic fitting parameters of the temperature data were set to: α = 20°C, β = 0.05°C, γ = 10°C, φ = 0. Then the temperature variation model for one cycle can be expressed as: , The model helped identify the main trends and annual periodicity of temperature changes.

[0032] S203: Based on the time series analysis results, the forecast model is applied to forecast the weather changes in the next few hours, the parameters of the forecast model are adjusted, the reliability of the forecast is optimized, and the execution process of obtaining the short-term weather forecast results is as follows; Select a suitable forecasting model, such as an autoregressive moving average model or a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model. The model can consider the historical values ​​and historical errors of the data to predict future values. The adjustment of model parameters includes determining the number of lags, the order of differences, and the size of the moving average window. The optimization of parameters is carried out by reducing the forecast error and improving the fit of the model. For example, the optimal model is selected through the Akaike Information Criterion or the Bayesian Information Criterion. The adjusted model is used to predict meteorological changes in the next few hours. This forecasting model provides the meteorological department with reliable forecasts of meteorological changes in the short term, enhances the ability to respond to sudden weather events, and obtains short-term meteorological forecast results.

[0033] Specifically, if Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the relationship between meteorology and engineering surveying and mapping accuracy is identified through short-term meteorological forecast results, and the impact of meteorological changes on engineering surveying and mapping accuracy is evaluated. The specific steps to obtain the accuracy impact analysis results are as follows: S301: Through the short-term meteorological forecast results, collect and integrate the data and accuracy records of engineering surveying and mapping, compare the differences in surveying and mapping accuracy under different meteorological conditions, analyze the correlation between meteorological factors and surveying and mapping accuracy, and obtain the execution process of meteorological and surveying and mapping accuracy relationship data as follows; Obtain the latest engineering data from each surveying and mapping site, including terrain, location and dimension measurements of structures, classify and organize the data, record the collection time and environmental conditions of each data point according to changes in meteorological conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure, use statistical software to compare and analyze the accuracy of surveying and mapping data under different meteorological conditions, and identify the specific impact of meteorological factors on surveying and mapping accuracy. For example, high wind speeds reduce the stability of surveying and mapping equipment and affect measurement accuracy. By analyzing the degree of correlation, obtain data on the relationship between meteorology and surveying and mapping accuracy.

[0034] S302: Using the meteorological and surveying accuracy relationship data, evaluating the impact of changes in temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure on engineering surveying accuracy, calculating the accuracy estimation value under differentiated meteorological conditions, and obtaining the statistical analysis results of the accuracy change. The execution process is as follows; The formula for calculating the accuracy estimate under differentiated meteorological conditions is: , Among them, Z a is the accuracy estimate, T represents temperature, H represents humidity, W represents wind speed, P represents air pressure, and a, b, c, and d are adjustment coefficients.

[0035] Parameter meaning and setting value: T is the temperature, which is taken from meteorological data monitoring and is set to 15°C, reflecting the temperature conditions of the measurement environment; H is humidity, which is recorded in real time by a meteorological observation station and is set to 60%, which directly affects the performance and measurement accuracy of the measurement equipment; W is the wind speed, which is measured by an anemometer and is set to 3m / s. The key is the stability of the external environment during surveying and mapping; P is the air pressure, which is measured by a barometer and is set to 1013hPa, affecting altitude measurement and precision measurement; a, b, c, and d are weight coefficients, which are obtained through statistical analysis of historical data. The setting of weight coefficients is based on the correlation analysis between historical surveying and mapping data and meteorological conditions, where a=0.3, b=0.2, c=0.4, and d=0.1, and the values ​​reflect the relative importance of each meteorological parameter to the surveying and mapping accuracy; Substitute the parameters into the formula for calculation: , The result 0.1175 shows that under the current meteorological conditions, considering the influence of temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure on the surveying and mapping accuracy, the estimated value of accuracy is 0.1175, which means that under the given conditions, the surveying and mapping accuracy is expected to be less affected by environmental factors, and the engineering surveying and mapping operations can proceed as planned.

[0036] S303: Based on the accuracy change statistical analysis results, evaluate the potential impact of meteorological condition changes in the next few hours on engineering surveying and mapping operations, propose adaptive measures and improvement strategies, optimize the accuracy and efficiency of engineering surveying and mapping, and the execution process of obtaining accuracy impact analysis results is as follows; By using the relationship between meteorology and surveying and mapping accuracy, we can predict the surveying and mapping accuracy under different meteorological conditions. According to the latest meteorological forecasts, we can evaluate the specific impact of upcoming meteorological conditions such as rainfall, high temperature or strong wind on surveying and mapping operations, and propose adaptive measures and improvement strategies, such as increasing the reinforcement of equipment when the wind is strong, or using waterproof covers to protect equipment on rainy days. At the same time, we can optimize the working time to avoid the periods with the worst meteorological conditions. Through the implementation of strategies, we aim to improve the overall accuracy and efficiency of engineering surveying and mapping, which will not only help the surveying and mapping team effectively deal with adverse meteorological conditions, but also ensure the quality and progress of engineering projects and obtain accuracy impact analysis results.

[0037] Specifically, if Figure 5 As shown in the figure, according to the accuracy impact analysis results, the flight altitude, speed and route of the UAV are adjusted, the flight and engineering mapping strategies are optimized, and the short-term weather changes are matched. The specific steps to obtain the optimized flight plan are as follows: S401: Evaluate the flight parameters of the UAV, including altitude, speed and route, based on the accuracy impact analysis results, adjust the flight strategy according to the predicted changes in meteorological conditions, and avoid the negative impact of meteorological factors on the accuracy of engineering surveying and mapping. The execution process of obtaining the adjusted parameter record is as follows; The current flight altitude, speed and route data of the UAV are collected, combined with the predicted changes in meteorological conditions, and a risk assessment model is used to determine the impact of some meteorological factors on the flight mission. Factors include wind speed, air pressure changes and temperature fluctuations. The flight strategy is adjusted according to the model results. For example, the flight altitude is lowered to reduce wind resistance when high wind speed is predicted, or the speed is increased in low pressure areas to maintain route stability. The adjustment strategy will also take into account the impact of terrain to ensure that the UAV can fly safely in complex terrain. This reflects the optimization and response strategy of the original flight plan and obtains a record of the adjusted parameters.

[0038] S402: Based on the adjustment parameter record, simulate the impact of the adjusted flight route and speed on engineering surveying and mapping, and conduct tests to verify the optimization of the flight parameters. The execution process of obtaining the simulated flight results is as follows; Simulate the impact of the adjusted flight path and speed on engineering surveying and testing, and follow the formula , Calculate the actual distance covered by the adjusted flight path, where d represents distance, v represents initial velocity, a represents acceleration, and t represents time; When performing flight parameter testing and simulation, basic physical motion formulas are used to estimate the actual flight distance of the drone. For example, if the initial speed of the drone is 20 m / s and it is expected to fly for 3 seconds at an acceleration of 1 m / s2 in windless conditions, the actual distance covered can be calculated using the formula: , =60+4.5 =64.5 This calculation example shows that the drone can cover a distance of 64.5 meters under the adjusted flight parameters, helping to evaluate the effectiveness of the flight parameter adjustments.

[0039] S403: Based on the simulated flight results, formulate the flight plan of the UAV, integrate the meteorological conditions, flight parameters and engineering surveying and mapping requirements, optimize the flight and engineering surveying and mapping strategies, verify the ability to cope with meteorological changes in the short term, and obtain the execution process of the optimized flight plan as follows; In the process of formulating the UAV flight plan, comprehensive consideration is given to meteorological conditions, flight parameters and engineering surveying and mapping needs. The flight strategy is dynamically adjusted to cope with short-term meteorological changes. For example, the flight altitude is adjusted according to the latest weather forecast to avoid low-pressure areas. At the same time, the flight route is optimized to reduce the necessary flight time and energy consumption. The engineering surveying and mapping needs are integrated to ensure that the UAV's flight path can cover all key surveying and mapping areas. The flight plan also includes emergency measures to cope with sudden changes in meteorological conditions. Through strategy optimization, the UAV flight plan ensures safety while enhancing the ability to cope with complex meteorological conditions, and obtains an optimized flight plan.

[0040] Specifically, if Figure 6 As shown in the figure, using the optimized flight plan, in the target area, using UAV remote sensing technology, terrain data is collected at preset sample points, and terrain changes are analyzed and simulated to identify terrain details for engineering surveying and mapping. The specific steps for obtaining terrain detail mapping logs are as follows: S501: adopt the optimized flight plan, start the UAV, fly in the target area according to the adjusted route and parameters, locate the preset sample points, perform the terrain data collection task, and obtain the terrain data collection record. The execution process is as follows; The drone's navigation system is set up according to the adjusted route and parameters, which includes inputting the new flight altitude, speed and route into the flight control system to ensure that the drone can accurately fly to the target area. During the flight, the drone continuously monitors and adjusts its position and attitude through high-precision GPS and various sensors to adapt to sudden environmental changes such as sudden increases in wind speed or changes in air pressure. After the drone arrives at the preset sample point, it uses the terrain scanning equipment it carries to perform terrain data collection tasks, including lidar scanning and high-resolution photography. The equipment can record the height, slope and surface features of the terrain in detail. After the data collection is completed, the drone transmits the data wirelessly to the ground station in real time. The ground station performs preliminary processing on the received data to obtain terrain data collection records.

[0041] S502: According to the terrain data collection record, the drone remote sensing technology is applied to analyze the collected terrain data, perform three-dimensional analysis of terrain features, calculate the terrain height of the preset sample points, and obtain the terrain analysis and simulation results. The execution process is as follows; The formula for calculating the terrain height of the preset sample point is: , Where Z' is the terrain height, W i is the weight coefficient of the i-th observation point, D i is the original terrain height of the i-th observation point, is the distance attenuation factor, d i is the distance from the observation point to the sample point, α is the attenuation coefficient, is the root mean square of the weight, and e is a natural constant.

[0042] Parameter meaning and setting value: W i is the weight of the observation point extracted from the geographic information system, obtained by regression analysis of historical terrain change data, and the set value is, for example, 0.5, indicating a medium influence; D i The terrain height measured by the drone in real time, with a set value of, for example, 180 meters, indicating the actual height of the observation point; d i The actual distance between the drone and the observation point. The set value, for example, 100 meters, reflects the straight-line distance between the drone and the observation point. α is an empirically determined attenuation coefficient, determined through preliminary topographic survey tests, with a set value of, for example, 0.02, reflecting the effect of distance on the weight; Substitute the parameters into the formula for calculation: , The result 24.384 shows that after adjusting the distance and weight factors, the terrain height is obtained to be 24.384 meters, which provides more accurate terrain information analysis than the original data and is suitable for fine-grained geographic information system updates and terrain change monitoring.

[0043] S503: Using the terrain analysis and simulation results, terrain change analysis is performed, terrain details are compared, terrain change trends and key details are identified and recorded, and the execution process of obtaining terrain detail mapping logs is as follows; The collected terrain data is processed and simulated, and detailed terrain modeling is performed using geographic information systems and computer-aided design software. The software can help analysts view and compare terrain changes at different time points in a three-dimensional model. Through simulation analysis, changes in terrain caused by erosion, sedimentation or human activities can be identified. Trends and key details of terrain changes are automatically identified through algorithms and verified and recorded by analysts. Details include newly formed gullies, changes in water flow, and expansion or degradation of vegetation coverage areas. This not only provides important information for environmental monitoring, but also provides decision-making information for urban planning and natural resource management, and obtains terrain detail mapping logs.

[0044] like Figure 7 As shown, an engineering surveying and mapping system based on UAV remote sensing includes: The flight planning module deploys the drone on a predetermined flight route, covers a designated area, collects temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure data, and obtains meteorological observation data; The meteorological analysis module performs time series analysis on temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure based on meteorological observation data to obtain meteorological change prediction results; The accuracy assessment module uses the meteorological change prediction results to identify the relationship between meteorological conditions and engineering surveying and mapping accuracy, evaluate the impact degree, and obtain the accuracy impact analysis results; The strategy optimization module adjusts the flight altitude, speed and route of the UAV according to the accuracy impact analysis results, optimizes the surveying and mapping strategy, and obtains the optimized flight plan; The terrain change recognition module executes the optimized flight plan, collects terrain data through the preset sample points of the drone in the target area, and performs terrain change analysis to obtain terrain scanning data; The terrain simulation module uses terrain scanning data to simulate terrain changes in the area, analyze terrain details of engineering surveying and mapping, perform three-dimensional analysis of terrain features, record terrain change trends and key details, and obtain terrain detail surveying and mapping logs.

[0045] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An engineering surveying and mapping method based on UAV remote sensing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Deploy drones on a predetermined flight route to conduct coverage flights over a designated area, collect temperature, humidity, wind speed, and air pressure data within the area, and transmit the data back to the ground station via wireless transmission to obtain meteorological observation data; Using the meteorological observation data, performing time series analysis of temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure, predicting meteorological changes in the past few hours, and generating short-term meteorological forecast results; Through the short-term weather forecast results, the relationship between weather and engineering surveying and mapping accuracy is identified, the impact of weather condition changes on engineering surveying and mapping accuracy is evaluated, and the accuracy impact analysis results are obtained; According to the accuracy impact analysis results, the flight altitude, speed and route of the UAV are adjusted, the flight and engineering surveying strategies are optimized, the short-term weather changes are matched, and the optimized flight plan is obtained; Utilizing the optimized flight plan, terrain data is collected at preset sample points in the target area through UAV remote sensing technology, and terrain changes are analyzed and simulated to identify terrain details for engineering surveying and mapping, thereby obtaining a terrain detail mapping log.

2. The engineering surveying and mapping method based on UAV remote sensing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The meteorological observation data include temperature data points, humidity data points, wind speed data points, and air pressure data points. The short-term meteorological forecast results include predicted temperature trends, predicted humidity trends, predicted wind speed fluctuation ranges, and predicted air pressure change intervals. The accuracy impact analysis results include the impact value of meteorological conditions on surveying and mapping point deviations, the impact range on surveying and mapping image resolution, and the impact amplitude on surveying and mapping time stability. The optimized flight plan includes an adjusted optimal flight altitude range, recommended flight speed parameters, and an optimized coverage route coordinate set. The terrain detail surveying and mapping log includes a data set of terrain sample points, terrain slope distribution, and a data set of terrain change simulation.

3. The engineering surveying and mapping method based on UAV remote sensing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Deploy drones on a predetermined flight route to conduct a coverage flight over a designated area, collect temperature, humidity, wind speed, and air pressure data in the area, and transmit them back to the ground station via wireless transmission. The specific steps for obtaining meteorological observation data are as follows: Deploy drones on a predetermined flight route, conduct coverage flights in a designated area, control drones to follow set path parameters and flight altitudes, check the consistency and coverage of data collection, and obtain aerial path data records; Based on the aerial path data record, activate the differentiated sensors on the drone, collect the temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure data in the area in real time, adjust the collection frequency and sensor sensitivity, match the differentiated climatic conditions, check the quality of the data, and obtain the environmental monitoring data set; Using the environmental monitoring data set, the UAV transmits the collected data back to the ground station through wireless transmission, optimizes the transmission frequency and signal strength, avoids packet loss and delay in data transmission, and obtains meteorological observation data.

4. The engineering surveying and mapping method based on UAV remote sensing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of using the meteorological observation data to perform time series analysis of temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure, predicting meteorological changes in the past few hours, and generating short-term meteorological forecast results are as follows: Using the meteorological observation data, importing the data of temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure, performing data correction, eliminating outliers and missing data, and obtaining a corrected data set; Using the corrected data set, a time series analysis method is used to perform pattern recognition and trend analysis on temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure, identify the periodicity and long-term trends of the differentiated parameters, and obtain time series analysis results; Through the time series analysis results, the forecast model is applied to predict the weather changes in the next few hours, the parameters of the forecast model are adjusted, the reliability of the forecast is optimized, and the short-term weather forecast results are obtained.

5. The engineering surveying and mapping method based on UAV remote sensing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of identifying the relationship between meteorology and engineering surveying and mapping accuracy through the short-term meteorological forecast results, evaluating the impact of meteorological condition changes on engineering surveying and mapping accuracy, and obtaining the accuracy impact analysis results are as follows: Through the short-term weather forecast results, collect and integrate engineering surveying and mapping data and accuracy records, compare the differences in surveying and mapping accuracy under different weather conditions, analyze the correlation between meteorological factors and surveying and mapping accuracy, and obtain weather and surveying and mapping accuracy relationship data; Using the weather and surveying accuracy relationship data, evaluate the impact of changes in temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure on engineering surveying accuracy, calculate the accuracy estimate under differentiated weather conditions, and obtain the accuracy change statistical analysis results; Based on the statistical analysis results of the accuracy changes, the potential impact of changes in meteorological conditions in the next few hours on engineering surveying and mapping operations is evaluated, adaptive measures and improvement strategies are proposed, the accuracy and efficiency of engineering surveying and mapping are optimized, and the accuracy impact analysis results are obtained.

6. The engineering surveying and mapping method based on UAV remote sensing according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The formula for calculating the accuracy estimate under the differentiated meteorological conditions is: ， Among them, Z a is the accuracy estimate, T represents temperature, H represents humidity, W represents wind speed, P represents air pressure, and a, b, c, and d are adjustment coefficients.

7. The engineering surveying and mapping method based on UAV remote sensing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: According to the accuracy impact analysis results, the flight altitude, speed and route of the UAV are adjusted, the flight and engineering surveying strategies are optimized, and the steps to obtain the optimized flight plan are as follows: Through the accuracy impact analysis results, the flight parameters of the UAV, including altitude, speed and route, are evaluated, and the flight strategy is adjusted according to the predicted changes in meteorological conditions to avoid the negative impact of meteorological factors on engineering surveying and mapping accuracy, and a record of adjusted parameters is obtained; Based on the adjustment parameter records, simulate the impact of the adjusted flight route and speed on engineering surveying and mapping, and conduct tests to verify the optimization of the flight parameters to obtain simulated flight results; According to the simulated flight results, a flight plan for the UAV is formulated, integrating meteorological conditions, flight parameters and engineering surveying and mapping requirements, optimizing flight and engineering surveying and mapping strategies, verifying the ability to cope with meteorological changes in the short term, and obtaining an optimized flight plan.

8. The engineering surveying and mapping method based on UAV remote sensing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Using the optimized flight plan, in the target area, by using UAV remote sensing technology, terrain data is collected at preset sample points, and terrain changes are analyzed and simulated to identify terrain details for engineering surveying and mapping. The specific steps for obtaining terrain detail surveying and mapping logs are as follows: Using the optimized flight plan, starting the UAV, flying in the target area according to the adjusted route and parameters, locating the preset sample points, performing the terrain data collection task, and obtaining terrain data collection records; According to the terrain data collection records, the UAV remote sensing technology is applied to analyze the collected terrain data, perform three-dimensional analysis of terrain features, calculate the terrain height of preset sample points, and obtain terrain analysis and simulation results; Utilize the terrain analysis and simulation results to conduct terrain change analysis, compare terrain details, identify and record terrain change trends and key details, and obtain terrain detail mapping logs.

9. The engineering surveying and mapping method based on UAV remote sensing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the terrain height of the preset sample point is: ， Where Z' is the terrain height, W i is the weight coefficient of the i-th observation point, D i is the original terrain height of the i-th observation point, is the distance attenuation factor, d i is the distance from the observation point to the sample point, α is the attenuation coefficient, is the root mean square of the weight, and e is a natural constant.

10. An engineering surveying and mapping system based on UAV remote sensing, characterized in that: According to any one of claims 1 to 9, the engineering surveying and mapping method based on UAV remote sensing comprises: The flight planning module deploys the drone on a predetermined flight route, covers a designated area, collects temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure data, and obtains meteorological observation data; The meteorological analysis module performs time series analysis on temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure based on the meteorological observation data to obtain meteorological change prediction results; The accuracy assessment module uses the meteorological change prediction results to identify the relationship between meteorological conditions and engineering surveying and mapping accuracy, assess the degree of impact, and obtain accuracy impact analysis results; The strategy optimization module adjusts the flight altitude, speed and route of the UAV according to the accuracy impact analysis results, optimizes the surveying and mapping strategy, and obtains an optimized flight plan; The terrain change recognition module executes the optimized flight plan, collects terrain data through preset sample points of the UAV in the target area, performs terrain change analysis, and obtains terrain scanning data; The terrain simulation module simulates the terrain changes in the area through the terrain scanning data, analyzes the terrain details of the engineering survey, performs three-dimensional analysis of the terrain features, records the terrain change trends and key details, and obtains the terrain detail surveying log.

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