Reserve component replacement optimization method of balance system

Abstract

The invention provides a reserve part replacement optimization method for a balance system, which comprises the following steps: determining degradation rates and random degradation degrees of different models of parts in the balance system during operation, obtaining a distribution function of the random degradation degrees of the different models of parts, and formulating a reserve part switching rebalance strategy of the balance system according to the condition of the balance system. A state transition rate matrix of the balance system during operation is obtained; according to the state transition rate matrix, obtaining a reliability function of the balance system and a life distribution function of the balance system; the method comprises the following steps: obtaining the total expected operation cost of the balance system corresponding to different reserve part purchase numbers through reserve part purchase cost, unit time expected shutdown cost and a service life distribution function of the balance system; and outputting the purchase number of the reserve parts corresponding to the minimum expected total operation cost of the balance system as the optimal purchase number of the reserve parts. According to the method, the highest system operation reliability can be obtained with the minimum expected total operation cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of optimization of operation strategies of a balancing system, and specifically discloses a method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system.

[0002] Background

[0003] In recent years, the reliability of the balance system has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of reliability. Compared with traditional engineering systems, the balance system needs to maintain the relative stability of its components in terms of position and state during operation. The imbalance of the balance system will seriously affect its reliability level. Therefore, the composition structure and operation rules of the balance system are special and complex. The balance system has very important applications in many engineering fields such as aerospace, new energy storage, mechanical manufacturing, weapons and equipment, such as solar drone propulsion systems, new energy vehicle battery pack systems, assembly production line systems, etc. According to different definitions of balance, the current research can divide the balance system into the following three categories: a balance system based on component position, in which the balance is defined as the system components in spatially symmetrical positions need to maintain the state of working or stopping at the same time; a balance system based on the number of components, such a system generally contains multiple working areas, each of which has multiple components, and the system needs to ensure that the number of working components in each working area is equal or within a certain difference during operation; a balance system based on component status, such a system usually has multiple working states, and the system balance is defined as the state difference of a specific component in the system cannot exceed a certain threshold.

[0004] The operation strategy of a balanced system usually refers to the measures and methods to effectively control the operating status of the system in order to achieve a certain goal. When the system is unbalanced, the operation strategies are generally divided into three categories. The first operation strategy is to shut down components to maintain balance when a working component fails or restart a shut-down component. If a component fails, the system will force shut down or restore another component to maintain balance. The second operation strategy is to dynamically adjust the working components to rebalance the system, and rebalance the system by identifying components with high status and adjusting them to a lower status. The third operation strategy is the reserve component switching mechanism, which rebalances the system by putting some working components into reserve mode or allowing reserve components to work again.

[0005] The prior art provides a modeling of the degradation process of a balancing system, especially a system that needs to switch reserve components in a balancing system, and provides a rebalancing strategy for a balancing system with a reserve component pool. The method determines the balance of the system by defining the maximum state difference of all working components as the balance degree. If the system is unbalanced or fails, a qualified reserve component should be selected from the reserve pool to replace the working component. In modern industrial systems, the existence of a reserve component pool plays a vital role in ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the system. By increasing the number of components in the reserve component pool, the system can find replacement parts more quickly when facing sudden failures or maintenance needs, thereby reducing downtime and improving overall operational reliability. This strategy helps maintain the continuous operation of the system and avoids economic losses caused by equipment downtime. However, the purchase and management of reserve components also require investment costs. Excessive number of reserve components may lead to excessive capital occupation, increase the complexity of inventory management, and even cause components to expire or technology to become outdated. Therefore, simply increasing the number of reserve components is not a perfect solution to all problems, but it is necessary to find a balance between improving system reliability and controlling costs. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the number of reserve components in the reserve component pool from the perspective of optimal cost, so as to achieve the highest system operation reliability with the minimum expected total cost. In view of the above problems, it is necessary to study and design a new reserve component replacement optimization method for the balancing system to overcome the problems existing in the existing balancing system optimization method. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention proposes a method for optimizing the replacement of reserve components of a balancing system to solve the problem that it is difficult to find a balance between the number of reserve components and improving system reliability and controlling costs in the existing balancing system optimization method.

[0007] The present invention provides a method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Determine the degradation rate of different types of components in the balancing system during operation according to the historical information of the balancing system, obtain the random degradation degree caused by the degradation of different types of components in the balancing system through the degradation rate of different types of components in the balancing system during operation, obtain the distribution function of the random degradation degree of different types of components through the random degradation degree caused by the degradation of different types of components in the balancing system, and formulate a reserve component switching rebalancing strategy for the balancing system according to the situation of the balancing system;

[0009] S2. According to the distribution function obtained in step S1 and the reserve component switching rebalancing strategy, a state transition rate matrix of the balancing system during operation is obtained;

[0010] S3. According to the state transition rate matrix obtained in step S2, a reliability function of the balanced system and a life distribution function of the balanced system are obtained;

[0011] S4. The expected total operating cost of the balancing system corresponding to different purchase quantities of reserve components is obtained through the purchase cost of the reserve components of the balancing system, the expected downtime cost per unit time of the balancing system and the life distribution function of the balancing system obtained in step S2, and the reserve component purchase quantity corresponding to the minimum expected total operating cost of the balancing system is output as the optimal reserve component purchase quantity.

[0012] According to a method for optimizing the replacement of reserve components of a balancing system in some embodiments of the present application, in step S1, the balancing system includes multiple components, and the state space of the components is S = {0, 1, 2, ..., k}, wherein k indicates that the component is in a brand new state, 0 indicates that the component is in a failed state, and numbers between 0-k indicate that the component is in an intermediate state from a brand new state to a failed state. The components include working components and reserve components, and the working components are from state l to l-1, wherein (l = 1, 2, ..., k), and the degradation rate of the working components is Where r represents the working component, and the degradation rate of the reserve component is Wherein, s represents a reserve component, and the balancing system further comprises a reserve component pool, in which the reserve component will not degenerate, and the balance degree of the balancing system is As shown in formula (1):

[0013]

[0014] in, Indicates the optimal state of the working parts. represents the worst state of the working parts, n represents the number of working parts, Indicates the status of the component, and α indicates the type of component: a normal component or a reserve component.

[0015] According to a method for optimizing the replacement of reserve components of a balancing system in some embodiments of the present application, in step S1, the reserve component switching rebalancing strategy of the balancing system includes: when the balancing system is running, if it is detected that the performance of the vth working component has declined, then judging whether the vth working component has failed; if the vth working component has failed, then selecting from the reserve component pool whether there is a reserve component that can replace the vth working component; if there is a reserve component that can replace the vth working component and the state of the reserve component is better than the state of the vth working component, then selecting the reserve component with the best state from all the reserve components that can replace the vth working component to replace the vth working component; if there is no reserve component that can replace the vth working component, then selecting the reserve component with the best state from all the reserve components that can replace the vth working component to replace the vth working component; If it is a reserve component for the vth working component and the state of the best reserve component in the reserve component pool is better than the state of the vth working component, then determine whether the best reserve component in the reserve component pool can replace the uth working component with degraded performance; if it can replace the uth working component, then use the best reserve component pool in the reserve component pool to replace the uth working component; if the state of the best reserve component in the reserve component pool is worse than the state of the uth working component, then the balancing system stops working; if the state of the best reserve component in the reserve component pool is worse than the state of the vth working component, then the balancing system stops working, and each working component replaced becomes the reserve component pool in the reserve component pool.

[0016] According to a method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system in some embodiments of the present application, in step S1, the system state space of the balancing system is as shown in formula (2):

[0017]

[0018] in, represents the state of the equilibrium system, n s Indicates the number of reserve components, E f represents the absorbing state of the equilibrium system.

[0019] According to a method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system in some embodiments of the present application, in step S2, the state transition rate of the balancing system during operation includes:

[0020] For a working component that degrades once, the component does not fail and the balance degree does not exceed the threshold d, the state transition rate of the balanced system is

[0021] For a working component to degrade once, the component fails, and the state transition rate of the equilibrium system is

[0022] If a working component degrades once, the component does not fail and the balance degree does not exceed the threshold d, the balanced system continues to operate after the vth working component is replaced, and the state transition rate of the balanced system is

[0023] If a working component degrades once, the component does not fail and the balance difference does not exceed the threshold d, the vth working component cannot be replaced, and the balanced system continues to operate after the uth working component is replaced. The state transition rate of the balanced system is

[0024] For a working component to degrade once, the component fails or the balance difference does not exceed the threshold d and there is no reserve component to replace it, the balance system fails, and the state transition rate of the balance system is

[0025] The state transition rate matrix of the equilibrium system during operation is shown in formula (3):

[0026]

[0027] Where Q represents the one-step transfer rate matrix of the equilibrium system. The value of the a-th row and b-th column in the one-step transfer rate matrix represents the value of the component from X a State transfer to X b State transition rate, X a represents the state of the component at time a, X b represents the state of the component at b, |Ω| represents the cardinality of the system state space, A represents the transfer rate matrix between the transition states of the equilibrium system, and the size of the transfer rate matrix between the transition states of the equilibrium system is |Ω-1|×|Ω-1|, B represents the transfer rate matrix from each transition state to the absorbing state of the equilibrium system, and the size of the transfer rate matrix from each transition state to the absorbing state of the equilibrium system is |Ω-1|×1.

[0028] According to a method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system in some embodiments of the present application, in step S3, the reliability function of the balancing system is as shown in formula (4):

[0029] R(t)=αexp(Qt)e′ (4)

[0030] Where t represents time t, R(t) represents the reliability of the equilibrium system in [0, t], and the reliability is the probability that the equilibrium system completes the specified function. α represents the initial probability of the equilibrium system, and α contains a row vector of |Ω| elements, where the first element is 1 and the rest are 0, e = (1,1,...,1,0) 1×|Ω| , e represents the probability that the equilibrium system is in the working state, ′ represents the transposition,

[0031] The life distribution function of the equilibrium system is shown in formula (5):

[0032] F T (t)=P{T≤t}=1-ηexp(At)e′ t (5)

[0033] Among them, F T (t) represents the life distribution function of the equilibrium system, T represents the life of the equilibrium system, P{T≤t} represents the probability that the system life is less than or equal to t, and the life of the equilibrium system T obeys the continuous phase distribution, which is expressed as T~PH(η,A), t represents the time t, η=(1,0,0,...,0) 1×(|Ω|-1) , η represents the initial probability that the equilibrium system is in the working state, e t =(1,1,...,1) 1＝(|Ω|-1) represents the probability that the equilibrium system is in the working state, and ′ represents the transpose.

[0034] According to a method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system in some embodiments of the present application, in step S4, the expected total cost of operation of the balancing system is as shown in formula (6):

[0035]

[0036] Where C represents the total cost of the balancing system, n s Indicates the number of reserve components, c s represents the cost of purchasing each reserve component, c f represents the downtime cost per unit time, T d Indicates the time required for the system to complete a task.

[0037] According to a method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system in some embodiments of the present application, in step S4, the expected total cost of operation of the balancing system corresponding to the purchase quantity of all reserve components is obtained by enumeration.

[0038] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program; the processor is used to execute the computer program in the memory to implement the above method.

[0039] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program implements the above method when executed by a processor.

[0040] The present invention proposes a method for optimizing the replacement of reserve components of a balancing system. Considering a balancing system with reserve components in a component degradation state, a reserve component replacement mechanism with a reserve component pool is proposed. The reliability function of the balancing system and the life distribution function of the balancing system are determined by the Markov embedding method. Then, the purchase cost of the reserve components and the expected downtime cost per unit time of the balancing system are comprehensively considered. From the perspective of the optimal expected total operating cost, the number of reserve components in the reserve component pool is optimized, thereby achieving the goal of ensuring the highest system operation reliability with the minimum expected total operating cost. In addition, the balancing system optimized by this method has a lower total operating cost and a higher reliability than any single system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for optimizing replacement of a reserve component of a balancing system according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the transfer process of the drone swarm system in Example 3;

[0043] Figure 3 is a reliability curve diagram of the balancing system in Example 3 when the balancing system operates with different numbers of reserve components;

[0044] Figure 4 It is a graph of the expected total cost of the balancing system in Example 3 when operating with different numbers of reserve components. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0047] Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a method for optimizing the replacement of reserve components of a balancing system, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0048] S1. Determine the degradation rate of different types of components in the balancing system during operation according to the historical information of the balancing system, obtain the random degradation degree caused by the degradation of different types of components in the balancing system through the degradation rate of different types of components in the balancing system during operation, obtain the distribution function of the random degradation degree of different types of components through the random degradation degree caused by the degradation of different types of components in the balancing system, and formulate a reserve component switching rebalancing strategy for the balancing system according to the situation of the balancing system;

[0049] S2. According to the distribution function obtained in step S1 and the reserve component switching rebalancing strategy, a state transition rate matrix of the balanced system during operation is obtained;

[0050] S3. According to the state transition rate matrix obtained in step S2, the reliability function of the equilibrium system and the life distribution function of the equilibrium system are obtained;

[0051] S4. The expected total operating cost of the balancing system corresponding to different purchase quantities of reserve components is obtained through the purchase cost of the reserve components of the balancing system, the expected downtime cost per unit time of the balancing system, and the life distribution function of the balancing system obtained in step S2, and the reserve component purchase quantity corresponding to the minimum expected total operating cost of the balancing system is output as the optimal reserve component purchase quantity.

[0052] Embodiment 2: This embodiment provides a method for optimizing replacement of a reserve component of a balancing system, comprising the following steps:

[0053] S1. Determine the degradation rate of different types of components in the balancing system during operation according to the historical information of the balancing system, obtain the random degradation degree caused by the degradation of different types of components in the balancing system through the degradation rate of different types of components in the balancing system during operation, obtain the distribution function of the random degradation degree of different types of components through the random degradation degree caused by the degradation of different types of components in the balancing system, and formulate a reserve component switching rebalancing strategy for the balancing system according to the situation of the balancing system;

[0054] Specifically, the equilibrium system includes multiple components, and the state space of the components is S = {0, 1, 2, ..., k}, where k represents the component in a brand new state, 0 represents the component in a failed state, and the numbers between 0 and k represent the component in an intermediate state from a brand new state to a failed state. The components include working components and reserve components. The working components go from state l to l-1, where (l = 1, 2, ..., k), and the degradation rate of the working components is Among them, r represents the working part, and the degradation rate of the reserve part is Where s represents the reserve component. The balanced system also includes a reserve component pool. The reserve component will not degrade in the reserve component pool. However, when the reserve component and the working component work in the same state at the same time, the degradation rate of the reserve component is higher than the degradation rate of the working component, that is, Balance system Balance of the system As shown in formula (1):

[0055]

[0056] in, Indicates the optimal state of the working parts. represents the worst state of the working parts, n represents the number of working parts, Indicates the status of the component, α indicates the type of component, whether it is a normal component or a reserve component.

[0057] Balance system Balance of the system Determined by the state difference between the best and worst states of the component in operation;

[0058] The reserve component switching rebalancing strategy of the balancing system includes: when the balancing system is running, if it is detected that the performance of the vth working component has deteriorated, then it is determined whether the vth working component has failed. If the vth working component has failed, then it is selected from the reserve component pool whether there is a reserve component that can replace the vth working component. If there is a reserve component that can replace the vth working component and the state of the reserve component is better than the state of the vth working component, then the reserve component with the best state is selected from all the reserve components that can replace the vth working component to replace the vth working component. If there is no reserve component that can replace the vth working component and the state of the reserve component in the reserve component pool is better than the state of the vth working component, then it is selected from all the reserve components that can replace the vth working component to replace the vth working component. If the state of a good reserve component is better than that of the vth working component, it is determined whether the reserve component with the best state in the reserve component pool can replace the uth working component with degraded performance. If the uth working component can be replaced, the reserve component pool with the best state in the reserve component pool is used to replace the uth working component. If the state of the best reserve component in the reserve component pool is worse than that of the uth working component, the balancing system stops working. If the state of the best reserve component in the reserve component pool is worse than that of the vth working component, the balancing system stops working. Each working component replaced becomes the reserve component pool in the reserve component pool.

[0059] The system state space of the equilibrium system is shown in formula (2):

[0060]

[0061] in, represents the state of the equilibrium system, n s Indicates the number of reserve components, E f represents the absorbing state of the equilibrium system.

[0062] S2. According to the distribution function obtained in step S1 and the reserve component switching rebalancing strategy, a state transition rate matrix of the balanced system during operation is obtained;

[0063] Specifically, the state transition rate of the balanced system during operation includes:

[0064] For a working component that degrades once, the component does not fail and the balance degree does not exceed the threshold d, the state transition rate of the balanced system is

[0065] For a working component to degrade once, the component fails, and the state transition rate of the equilibrium system is

[0066] If a working component degrades once, the component does not fail and the balance degree does not exceed the threshold d, the balanced system continues to operate after the vth working component is replaced, and the state transition rate of the balanced system is

[0067] If a working component degrades once, the component does not fail and the balance difference does not exceed the threshold d, the vth working component cannot be replaced, and the balanced system continues to operate after the uth working component is replaced. The state transition rate of the balanced system is

[0068] For a working component to degrade once, the component fails or the balance difference does not exceed the threshold d and there is no reserve component to replace it, the balance system fails, and the state transition rate of the balance system is

[0069] The state transition rate matrix of the equilibrium system during operation is shown in formula (3):

[0070]

[0071] Where Q represents the one-step transfer rate matrix of the equilibrium system. The value of the a-th row and b-th column in the one-step transfer rate matrix represents the value of the component from X a State transfer to X b State transition rate, X a represents the state of the component at time a, X b represents the state of the component at b, |Ω| represents the cardinality of the system state space, A represents the transfer rate matrix between the transition states of the equilibrium system, and the size of the transfer rate matrix between the transition states of the equilibrium system is |Ω-1|×|Ω-1|, B represents the transfer rate matrix from each transition state to the absorbing state of the equilibrium system, and the size of the transfer rate matrix from each transition state to the absorbing state of the equilibrium system is |Ω-1|×1.

[0072] S3. According to the state transition rate matrix obtained in step S2, the reliability function of the equilibrium system and the life distribution function of the equilibrium system are obtained; preferably, the reliability function of the equilibrium system and the life distribution function of the equilibrium system can be obtained by Markov embedding method;

[0073] Specifically, the reliability function of the balance system is shown in formula (4):

[0074] R(t)=αexp(Qt)e′(4)

[0075] Where R(t) represents the reliability of the equilibrium system in [0, t], the reliability is the probability that the equilibrium system completes the specified function, t represents the time t, α represents the initial probability of the equilibrium system, α contains a row vector of |Ω| elements, where the first element is 1 and the rest are 0, e = (1,1,...,1,0) 1×|Ω| , e represents the probability that the equilibrium system is in the working state, ′ represents the transposition,

[0076] The life distribution function of the equilibrium system is shown in formula (5):

[0077] F T (t)=P{T≤t}=1-ηexp(At)e′ t (5)

[0078] Among them, F T (t) represents the life distribution function of the equilibrium system, T represents the life of the equilibrium system, P{T≤t} represents the probability that the system life is less than or equal to t, and the life of the equilibrium system T obeys the continuous phase distribution, which is expressed as T~PH(η,A), t represents the time t, η=(1,0,0,...,0) 1×(|Ω|-1) , η represents the initial probability that the equilibrium system is in the working state, e t =(1,1,...,1) 1×(|Ω|-1) represents the probability that the equilibrium system is in the working state, and ′ represents the transpose.

[0079] S4. Obtain the expected total operation cost of the balancing system corresponding to different purchase quantities of reserve components through the purchase cost of the reserve components of the balancing system, the expected downtime cost per unit time of the balancing system, and the life distribution function of the balancing system obtained in step S2, and output the purchase quantity of reserve components corresponding to the minimum expected total operation cost of the balancing system as the optimal purchase quantity of reserve components;

[0080] Specifically, the expected total cost of the balancing system is shown in formula (6):

[0081]

[0082] Where C represents the total cost of the balancing system, n s Indicates the number of reserve components, c s represents the cost of purchasing each reserve component, c f represents the downtime cost per unit time, T d Indicates the time required for the system to complete a task.

[0083] In addition, the possible purchase quantities of all reserve components can be enumerated to obtain the expected total cost of operation of the balancing system corresponding to the purchase quantities of all reserve components. The joint optimization process proposed by this method takes into account both the reliability of the balancing system and the total system cost to determine the optimal number of reserve components. When there are fewer reserve components, the system reliability decreases and the downtime cost increases, which in turn leads to an increase in the total system cost; when there are more reserve components, the system reliability is high and the downtime cost is small, but the procurement cost is high, which also increases the total system cost. Therefore, the optimal number of reserve components is obtained by this method.

[0084] This embodiment further provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program; the processor is used to execute the computer program in the memory to implement the above method.

[0085] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the above method is implemented.

[0086] Example 3. This example provides a method for optimizing the replacement of reserve components of a balancing system. The balancing system of this example is a balancing system with a reserve component pool. This method simultaneously considers the characteristics of different types of reserve components and the impact of downtime costs and procurement costs. From a cost perspective, the number of reserve components in the reserve component pool is optimized to achieve the lowest total cost of operation of the balancing system and the highest reliability of the balancing system.

[0087] This embodiment mainly uses the Markov embedding method to calculate the reliability of the balancing system, the life distribution function of the balancing system, and the expected value of the life of the balancing system, and then calculates the total cost of the system, and jointly optimizes to obtain the optimal number of reserve components. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0088] Step 1: Define the component state and divide the component state space into S = {0, 1, 2, ..., k}, where 0 indicates that the component in the system is in a failed state and k indicates that the system component is in a brand new state. By combining the actual operation process of the balancing system, the operating state of the balancing system is divided to determine the state space of the component. Taking the drone swarm for multi-point maintenance of high-voltage power grid as an example, according to the relevant parameters of the production process, such as the weight of the drone, the raw materials used in production, etc., the state space of the drone swarm system is defined as S = {0, 1, 2}, where "1-2" means that the drone is still in working condition, and "0" means that the drone is completely ineffective.

[0089] Analyze the external operating environment of the drone swarm system and characterize the state transition rules of the components. The degradation rate of a normal component from state l to state l-1 is Among them, (l=1,2,...,k), the degradation rate of the reserve component is The reserve components will not degrade in the reserve component pool. When the reserve components and normal components work in the same state at the same time, the degradation rate of the reserve components is higher than the degradation rate of the normal components, that is, When normal parts and reserve parts are working, they have the same functions but different degradation rates. Under the same working conditions, the degradation rate of normal parts is lower than that of reserve parts. According to the relevant parameters in the actual operation process, such as endurance time, control distance, etc., the degradation rate of normal parts is defined as The degradation rate of the reserve component is defined as and

[0090] Step 2: Determine the transfer rate matrix of the drone swarm system. The components in the drone swarm system are degraded. According to the rebalancing mechanism of component replacement and the operation process of the system, the state space of the drone swarm system is:

[0091]

[0092] Among them, E f It indicates the absorption state of the equilibrium system, which means the system fails. According to the transfer process of the system, the state transfer rate matrix Q of the drone swarm system can be obtained. The transfer process of the drone swarm system is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the initial state of the drone swarm system is X1, with X 14 For example, if the first normal component degrades from 1 to 0, the normal component fails, causing the system to fail. After replacing it with the reserve component, the state of the drone swarm system becomes X 17 , the transfer rate of the drone swarm system is The matrix Q is represented as, q 14,17 = 0.2. If the second working reserve component is from 1 s Degenerate to 0 s , then the reserve component fails, causing the drone swarm system to fail. After replacing with the reserve component, the drone swarm system status changes to X 20 , the transfer rate of the drone swarm system is In the matrix Q, it is represented as q 14,20 =0.2.

[0093] Step 3: Reliability evaluation of the drone swarm system. The reliability function of the drone swarm system is shown in formula (7):

[0094] R(t)=αexp(Qt)e′(7)

[0095] Where R(t) represents the reliability of the equilibrium system in [0, t], the reliability is the probability that the equilibrium system completes the specified function, t represents the time t, α represents the initial probability of the equilibrium system, α contains a row vector of |Ω| elements, the first element of which is 1 and the rest are 0, α=(1,0,0,...,0) 1×25 , e=(1,1,...,1,0) 1×25 , e represents the probability that the equilibrium system is in working state, ′ represents transposition, and the reliability of the UAV swarm system under different numbers of reserve components is as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0096] The life distribution function of the drone swarm system is shown in formula (8):

[0097] F T (t)=P{T≤t}=1-ηexp(At)e′ t , (8)

[0098] Among them, F T (t) represents the life distribution function of the equilibrium system, P{T≤t} represents the probability that the system life is less than or equal to t, T represents the equilibrium system life, and the equilibrium system life T obeys the continuous phase distribution, which is expressed as T~PH(η,A), t represents the time t, η=(1,0,0,...,0) 1×24 , η represents the initial probability that the equilibrium system is in the working state, e t =(1,1,...,1) 1×24 Represents the probability that the equilibrium system is in the working state.

[0099] Step 4: Modeling the total cost function. During the operation of the drone swarm system, the following two types of costs will be incurred: the cost of purchasing each reserve component c s , downtime cost per unit time c f According to the relevant parameters in the actual maintenance process, including the number of points to be repaired and the amount of maintenance tasks, the time T required for the drone swarm system to complete the task is calculated. d Set to 40, the cost of purchasing each reserve component is c s Set to 30, the downtime cost per unit time c f Set to 15. Then the total cost of the drone swarm system is shown in formula (9):

[0100]

[0101] Where C represents the total cost of the balancing system, n s Indicates the number of reserve parts.

[0102] By listing the possible purchase quantities of all reserve components and obtaining the expected total cost of the balanced system under all reserve component purchase quantities, it can be found that under the above settings, the optimal number of reserve components in the reserve component pool of the drone swarm system is 7. The expected total cost of the drone swarm system under different reserve component quantities is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the optimal number of reserve components can be obtained eventually.

[0103] The method designed by this method takes into account the influence of the external operating environment of the balancing system and the inherent characteristics of the components on the failure process of the balancing system, and can provide decision makers with a more accurate solution. This method designs a method based on component status detection and component replacement, which combines the characteristics of different types of reserve components and the influence of downtime cost and procurement cost to give a reserve component strategy that is closer to actual needs, including the procurement of reserve components and the switching strategy of reserve components when the system is running.

[0104] The rebalancing strategy method for the balanced system proposed in this method is a component status strategy optimization method. The system targeted by this method is a balanced system, and the health level difference of the working components in the balanced system should not exceed the threshold. This method considers the impact of the system's external operating environment and the inherent characteristics of the components on their failure, integrates the component status detection and rebalancing replacement activities, and determines the optimal number of reserve components from the perspective of cost trade-off.

[0105] Experimental comparative analysis: The reserve component replacement rebalancing method proposed in this embodiment is compared with the single operation method.

[0106] The expected life of the equilibrium system is shown in formula (10):

[0107] E(T)=-ηA -1 e′ t (10)

[0108] Where E(T) represents the expected value of the equilibrium system life.

[0109] The following table compares the system lifespan with different numbers of reserve components, where the last column indicates the percentage increase in expected system lifespan compared to no reserve components. As can be seen from the table, the rebalancing method of this embodiment can extend the lifespan of the balancing system compared to the single operation method. From the single operation method to one reserve component, the expected system lifespan increases by about 60%. As the number of reserve components increases, the expected lifespan of the system also increases significantly, verifying that the reserve component replacement optimization method for the balancing system proposed in this embodiment is superior.

[0110]

[0111] Based on the above embodiments, an embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, which includes: one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs; wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory, and the one or more programs include instructions, and when the instructions are executed by the electronic device, the electronic device executes the method provided in the above embodiments.

[0112] Based on the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer storage medium, in which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer executes the method provided in the above embodiments.

[0113] The storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. For example, but not limited to, a computer-readable medium may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer.

[0114] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.

[0115] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0116] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0117] The embodiments of the present invention are given for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the replacement of reserve components of a balancing system, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Determine the degradation rate of different types of components in the balancing system during operation according to the historical information of the balancing system, obtain the random degradation degree caused by the degradation of different types of components in the balancing system through the degradation rate of different types of components in the balancing system during operation, obtain the distribution function of the random degradation degree of different types of components through the random degradation degree caused by the degradation of different types of components in the balancing system, and formulate a reserve component switching rebalancing strategy for the balancing system according to the situation of the balancing system; S2. According to the distribution function obtained in step S1 and the reserve component switching rebalancing strategy, a state transition rate matrix of the balancing system during operation is obtained; S3. According to the state transition rate matrix obtained in step S2, a reliability function of the balanced system and a life distribution function of the balanced system are obtained; S4. The expected total operating cost of the balancing system corresponding to different purchase quantities of reserve components is obtained through the purchase cost of the reserve components of the balancing system, the expected downtime cost per unit time of the balancing system and the life distribution function of the balancing system obtained in step S2, and the reserve component purchase quantity corresponding to the minimum expected total operating cost of the balancing system is output as the optimal reserve component purchase quantity.

2. The method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the balancing system includes multiple components, and the state space of the components is S = {0, 1, 2, ..., k}, where k represents that the component is in a brand new state, 0 represents that the component is in a failed state, and numbers between 0 and k represent that the component is in an intermediate state from a brand new state to a failed state. The components include working components and reserve components. The working components go from state l to l-1, where (l = 1, 2, ..., k), and the degradation rate of the working components is Where r represents the working component, and the degradation rate of the reserve component is Wherein, s represents a reserve component, and the balancing system further comprises a reserve component pool, in which the reserve component will not degenerate, and the balance degree of the balancing system is As shown in formula (1): in, Indicates the optimal state of the working parts. represents the worst state of the working parts, n represents the number of working parts, Indicates the status of the component, and α indicates the type of component: a normal component or a reserve component.

3. The method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the reserve component switching rebalancing strategy of the balancing system includes: when the balancing system is running, if it is detected that the performance of the vth working component has declined, then judging whether the vth working component has failed; if the vth working component has failed, then selecting from the reserve component pool whether there is a reserve component that can replace the vth working component; if there is a reserve component that can replace the vth working component and the state of the reserve component is better than the state of the vth working component, then selecting the reserve component with the best state from all the reserve components that can replace the vth working component to replace the vth working component; if there is no reserve component that can replace the vth working component and the reserve component is in a better state ... If the status of the best reserve component in the spare parts pool is better than the status of the vth working component, then determine whether the best reserve component in the spare parts pool can replace the uth working component with degraded performance. If it can replace the uth working component, then use the best reserve component pool in the spare parts pool to replace the uth working component. If the status of the best reserve component in the spare parts pool is worse than the status of the uth working component, the balancing system stops working. If the status of the best reserve component in the spare parts pool is worse than the status of the vth working component, the balancing system stops working. Each working component replaced becomes the reserve component pool in the reserve parts pool.

4. The method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S1, the system state space of the balancing system is as shown in formula (2): in, represents the state of the equilibrium system, n s Indicates the number of reserve components, E f represents the absorbing state of the equilibrium system.

5. The method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the state transition rate of the balancing system during operation includes: For a working component that degrades once, the component does not fail and the balance degree does not exceed the threshold d, the state transition rate of the balanced system is For a working component to degrade once, the component fails, and the state transition rate of the equilibrium system is If a working component degrades once, the component does not fail and the balance degree does not exceed the threshold d, the balanced system continues to operate after the vth working component is replaced, and the state transition rate of the balanced system is If a working component degrades once, the component does not fail and the balance difference does not exceed the threshold d, the vth working component cannot be replaced, and the balanced system continues to operate after the uth working component is replaced. The state transition rate of the balanced system is For a working component to degrade once, the component fails or the balance difference does not exceed the threshold d and there is no reserve component to replace it, the balance system fails, and the state transition rate of the balance system is The state transition rate matrix of the equilibrium system during operation is shown in formula (3): Where Q represents the one-step transfer rate matrix of the equilibrium system. The value of the a-th row and b-th column in the one-step transfer rate matrix represents the value of the component from X a State transfer to X b State transition rate, X a represents the state of the component at time a, X b represents the state of the component at b, |Ω| represents the cardinality of the system state space, A represents the transfer rate matrix between the transition states of the equilibrium system, and the size of the transfer rate matrix between the transition states of the equilibrium system is |Ω-1|×|Ω-1|, B represents the transfer rate matrix from each transition state to the absorbing state of the equilibrium system, and the size of the transfer rate matrix from each transition state to the absorbing state of the equilibrium system is |Ω-1|×1.

6. The method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the reliability function of the balancing system is as shown in formula (4): R(t)=αexp(Qt)e′ (4) Where t represents time t, R(t) represents the reliability of the equilibrium system in [0, t], α represents the initial probability of the equilibrium system, α contains a row vector of |Ω| elements, where the first element is 1 and the rest are 0, e=(1,1,...,1,0) 1×|Ω , e represents the probability that the equilibrium system is in the working state, ′ represents the transposition, The life distribution function of the equilibrium system is shown in formula (5): F T (t)=P{T≤t}=1-ηexp(At)e′ t (5) Among them, F T (t) represents the life distribution function of the equilibrium system, T represents the life of the equilibrium system, P{T≤t} represents the probability that the system life is less than or equal to t, and the life of the equilibrium system T obeys the continuous phase distribution, which is expressed as T~PH(η,A), t represents the time t, η=(1,0,0,...,0) 1×(Ω|-1) , η represents the initial probability that the equilibrium system is in the working state, e t =(1,1,...,1) 1×(|Ω|-1) represents the probability that the equilibrium system is in the working state, and ′ represents the transpose.

7. The method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the expected total cost of the operation of the balancing system is as shown in formula (6): Where C represents the total cost of the balancing system, n s Indicates the number of reserve components, c s represents the cost of purchasing each reserve component, c f represents the downtime cost per unit time, T d Indicates the time required for the system to complete a task.

8. The method for optimizing replacement of reserve components of a balancing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the expected total cost of operation of the balancing system corresponding to the purchase quantity of all reserve components is obtained by enumeration.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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