Transformer integrating rectifying circuit in magnetic element and capable of expanding two-dimensional vector

Abstract

The invention discloses a transformer integrating a rectification circuit in a magnetic element and capable of two-dimensional vector expansion, and belongs to the technical field of processors. Four full-wave rectification circuits with the same layout are integrated in each magnetic element unit, a primary winding is composed of a coil wound around a central magnetic column, a secondary winding of each rectification circuit is composed of a wire penetrating through one or more magnetic core windows, and multiple layers of PCBs (printed circuit boards) are connected in parallel. According to the invention, the secondary side current of the transformer can directly and vertically flow out of the post-stage current output module through the rectifying circuit, so that the conduction loss in the post-stage module is reduced. According to the invention, the transformer is not limited by horizontal transverse expansion when expanding the phase number and improving the power supply current capability, but can realize phase number expansion in multiple directions in a two-dimensional plane, so that an existing array composed of multiple current output modules can be replaced by a single module; and excessive increase of the packaging length of the module in a single direction is avoided. According to the invention, the power density of the post-stage current output module is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of processors, and in particular relates to a transformer which integrates a rectifier circuit in a magnetic element and can be expanded in two-dimensional vectors. Background Art

[0002] As the scale of data centers continues to expand, new cluster supercomputers based on AI ASIC processors are introduced, raising the current level of the power transmission network to nearly 100kA / cluster. Clustered ASIC systems use tight packaging to achieve the required high-speed bandwidth, thereby achieving the teraflops of processing performance required for AI training workloads (such as autonomous driving). The increasingly compact processor cluster application limits the feasibility of placing the load point power solution horizontally next to the processor, and each processor in the cluster itself may require 600 to 1000A of current. Therefore, even on a single processor accelerator card, if the power solution is not placed close to the power pins of the processor, it will cause serious PCB or substrate impedance losses. Therefore, innovations are needed in the load point power current transmission structure, magnetic integration design and packaging to supply such high current requirements.

[0003] Under the traditional horizontal current transmission structure, such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the front-stage converter and the rear-stage converter in the load point power supply are placed horizontally around the processor, and a large number of decoupling capacitors are placed directly below the processor to ensure that the load point power supply can provide it with sufficient transient response capability. However, under the horizontal current transmission structure, the current needs to flow from the rear-stage power module to the motherboard PCB through a large number of vias, and then flow into the processor through the motherboard PCB through the vias. The large number of vias in the path and the long horizontal transmission path make it difficult to further reduce the parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance between the rear-stage power module and the processor, which is not conducive to improving the transmission efficiency and transient response capability.

[0004] In order to further reduce the parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance on the current transmission path between the load point power supply and the processor, the processor power supply layout is changing from horizontal power supply to vertical power supply. Figure 2 A vertical power supply design is proposed. The vertical power supply structure consists of three integrated modules: the lower layer is Interposer, the middle layer is the load point power supply rear-stage current output module array and the upper layer load point power supply front-stage regulator module. The Interposer is mainly responsible for integrating the high-frequency decoupling capacitors required on the processor side and redistributing the current output terminals into a pattern consistent with the processor mirror. The front-stage regulator module is mainly responsible for achieving a stable load point power supply output processor required supply voltage within a wide input voltage range, and the rear-stage current output module array is responsible for achieving a high step-down ratio and reducing the intermediate bus voltage to the range required by the processor power supply standard.

[0005] A typical converter that can be used in the post-stage current output module is the LLC resonant converter, which can use multiple transformer secondary windings to achieve multi-phase parallel output, such as Figure 3 However, the existing post-stage current output module design has the following defects: first, the current output terminal needs to be arranged outside the magnetic element, which increases the current transmission path in the module, which is not conducive to improving the power supply efficiency of the module; second, when the module improves its power supply current capacity, it can only expand the number of transformer phases in the horizontal direction, so that the module package length continues to increase and exceeds the processor package length, and the matching degree with the processor package is poor under the vertical power supply structure; finally, the existing technology cannot better integrate the power MOSFET and output filter capacitor required by the rectifier circuit in the magnetic element, which increases the package size of the entire transformer, which is not conducive to improving the power density. Summary of the invention

[0006] Aiming at the post-stage current output module in the vertical power supply scheme of the processor, the present invention proposes a transformer which integrates a rectifier circuit in a magnetic element and can be two-dimensionally vector expanded, and is suitable for converters such as LLC, CLLC, CDR and TLVR.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A transformer with a rectifier circuit integrated in a magnetic element and capable of two-dimensional vector expansion includes multiple primary windings, multiple four-window magnetic element units capable of two-dimensional vector expansion, and multiple rectifier circuits; each magnetic element unit integrates four full-wave rectifier circuits with consistent layouts, the primary winding can be composed of a coil wound around a central magnetic column, the secondary winding of the rectifier circuit is composed of a conductor passing through one or more magnetic core windows, and is connected in parallel using a multi-layer PCB.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0010] The present invention can realize that the secondary current of the transformer directly flows vertically out of the subsequent current output module through the rectifier circuit, thereby reducing the conduction loss in the subsequent module.

[0011] The present invention enables the transformer to expand the number of phases and improve the power supply current capacity without being restricted to horizontal lateral expansion, but can achieve phase expansion in multiple directions within a two-dimensional plane, thereby replacing the existing array composed of multiple current output modules with a single module, avoiding excessive increase in module packaging length in a single direction.

[0012] The present invention enables the current output module package to be changed from the existing long strip package to a square package similar to the processor package, thereby achieving a better matching degree between the two packages.

[0013] The present invention can well integrate the power MOSFET, output filter capacitor and output positive and negative terminals in the secondary side rectification circuit into the magnetic element, thereby improving the power density of the subsequent current output module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is the traditional horizontal current transmission structure of AI ASIC processor;

[0015] Figure 2 It is a vertical power supply method for processors in AI ASIC clusters;

[0016] Figure 3 It is an LLC converter with multi-phase parallel output;

[0017] Figure 4 It is a four-core window magnetic element unit that can be expanded in the XY direction;

[0018] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the expansion of the four-window magnetic element unit along the X-axis and Y-axis directions;

[0019] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the secondary side rectifier circuit of LLC converter;

[0020] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the secondary winding passing through a core window and the layout of the components of the full-wave rectifier circuit;

[0021] Figure 8 These are two LLC matrix transformers using four quad-window magnetics units;

[0022] Fig. 9 It is the arrangement of the secondary windings of two core windows at the same time;

[0023] Fig.10 It is the schematic diagram of the multi-phase CDR converter;

[0024] Fig.11 It is the key characteristic dimension of the four-window magnetic element unit;

[0025] Fig.12 It is a 2-row 2-column matrix transformer;

[0026] Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the stacking arrangement of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer in the PCB;

[0027] Fig.14 It is the simulation result of MAXWELL eddy current field;

[0028] Fig.15 is the loss simulation result of the Maxwell transient field core;

[0029] Among them: 1. Central magnetic column; 2. Fan-shaped side column; 3. Magnetic core cover; 4. Magnetic core base; 5. Magnetic core window. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0031] like Figure 1 to Figure 15 As shown in FIG. 1 , a transformer in which the rectifier circuit is integrated into the magnetic element and can be expanded in two dimensions, such as Fig.12 As shown, it includes multiple primary windings, multiple four-window magnetic element units that can be two-dimensionally vector-expanded, and multiple rectifier circuits; the primary winding can be composed of a coil wound around the central magnetic column 1, and the secondary winding of the rectifier circuit is composed of a wire passing through one or more magnetic core windows 5, and is connected in parallel using a multi-layer PCB.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, the magnetic element unit includes a central magnetic column 1, a magnetic core cover plate 3, a magnetic core base 4 and four fan-shaped side columns 2; the four fan-shaped side columns 2 are arranged around the central magnetic column 1, and the central magnetic column 1 and the four fan-shaped side columns 2 are connected between the magnetic core cover plate 3 and the magnetic core base 4 arranged in parallel. The fan angle of each fan-shaped side column 2 is 90°, and it forms a magnetic core window 5 with the central magnetic column 1. Therefore, there are four magnetic core windows 5 in the magnetic unit. The four-window magnetic element unit can expand the number of magnetic element units along the X-axis and Y-axis directions in a two-dimensional plane coordinate system with the center of the central magnetic column 1 as the origin, thereby forming a magnetic core matrix with multiple rows and columns, which plays a role in expanding the number of transformer phases on a two-dimensional plane. Figure 5 shown.

[0033] A typical application of the four-window magnetic element unit with two-dimensional vector expansion proposed by the present invention is the matrix transformer of LLC converter. The matrix transformer can use multiple magnetic element units to construct a multi-phase rectifier circuit with parallel output. The secondary side full-wave rectifier circuit structure of LLC converter is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, each rectifier circuit includes a synchronous rectifier MOSFET S A MOSFET S B , secondary winding A, secondary winding B, output filter capacitor Co1, output filter capacitor Co2, load R L , positive output terminal and negative output terminal;

[0034] Secondary winding A, MOSFET S A and load R L The capacitor Co2 is connected to the load R through the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal. L in parallel;

[0035] Secondary winding B, MOSFET S B and load R L The second series circuit is formed. Capacitor Co1 is connected to the load R through the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal. L in parallel.

[0036] When the primary winding transmits a negative half-wave to the secondary winding, the secondary winding A and the synchronous rectifier MOSFET S A Work together with capacitor Co2 to supply power to load R L Transmission current; when the primary winding transmits a positive half-wave to the secondary winding, the secondary winding B and the synchronous rectifier MOSFET S B Work together with capacitor Co1 to supply power to load R L Therefore, the proposed four-window magnetic element unit can be Figure 7 The given arrangement of components and secondary windings constructs a full-wave rectifier circuit, where the black square represents the synchronous rectifier MOSFET S A and MOSFET S B The terminal with a + sign is the positive output terminal, the terminal with a - sign is the negative output terminal, the green arrow represents the winding direction of the secondary winding A, and the blue arrow represents the winding direction of the secondary winding B.

[0037] like Figure 7 As shown, the secondary winding arrangement embodiment 1:

[0038] The secondary winding arrangement method and the rectifier circuit component arrangement method provided by the present invention have the following characteristics: 1) in each magnetic element unit, the secondary winding A or the secondary winding B passes through a magnetic core window; 2) a four-window magnetic element unit can integrate a four-phase synchronous rectifier circuit with the same layout; 3) the secondary winding does not need to form a complete circle around the fan-shaped side column 2 or the central magnetic column 1, and the secondary winding A or the secondary winding B only needs to be wound 1 / 4 of a circle; 4) MOSFET S A and MOSFETS B , positive output terminal, negative output terminal and output filter capacitor C o1 , output filter capacitor C o2 It can be placed between two adjacent fan-shaped side columns 2 and integrated inside the magnetic component unit without occupying additional layout area. 5) Under this layout, the induced current on the secondary winding A or the secondary winding B can flow directly from the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal to the load R L and output filter capacitor C o1 , output filter capacitor C o2 , so the current transmission path is shorter and has smaller output terminal losses.

[0039] For a single four-window magnetic element unit, its primary winding can be composed of a coil wound around the central magnetic column 1. In addition, according to the above-mentioned characteristics of the four-core window 5 magnetic element unit that can be expanded along the X-axis and the Y-axis, the number of magnetic element units can be selected according to the number of phases required on the LLC secondary side to form a matrix transformer to further improve the current output capacity.

[0040] Figure 8 Two LLC matrix transformers using four four-window magnetic element units are given as examples. (a) adopts an arrangement method in which both the X-axis and the Y-axis are extended at the same time, and the magnetic element units are arranged in two rows and two columns. The red curve represents the winding method that can be used for the primary winding of the transformer under this layout. In this method, the primary winding passes through all the magnetic core windows 5 of the four magnetic element units from the upper left, upper right, lower right, and lower left in sequence to form a complete turn of coil, so that the central magnetic column 1 of each magnetic unit receives 1 / 4 of the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding. (b) adopts an arrangement method in which only the X-axis or Y-axis is extended. The primary winding can also pass through all the magnetic core windows 5 of the four magnetic element units in sequence along the X-axis or Y-axis to form a complete turn of coil, so that the central magnetic column 1 of each magnetic unit receives 1 / 4 of the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding. According to the above winding method of the primary winding, for an LLC matrix transformer using m four-window magnetic element units, the central magnetic column 1 of each magnetic unit receives 1 / m of the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding.

[0041] like Fig. 9 As shown, the secondary winding arrangement embodiment 2:

[0042] The proposed four-window magnetic element unit can also be used according to Fig. 9 Another secondary winding arrangement is shown to construct a full-wave rectifier circuit, where the black square represents the synchronous rectifier MOSFET S A and MOSFETS B The terminal with a + sign is the positive output terminal, the terminal with a - sign is the negative output terminal, the green arrow represents the winding direction of the secondary winding A, and the blue arrow represents the winding direction of the secondary winding B.

[0043] The secondary winding arrangement and rectification circuit component arrangement have the following characteristics: 1) the secondary winding A or the secondary winding B passes through two adjacent core windows 5; 2) a four-window magnetic component unit can integrate four-phase synchronous rectification circuits with the same layout; 3) the secondary winding A or the secondary winding B does not need to form a complete circle around the fan-shaped side column 2 or the core center column, and the secondary winding A or the secondary winding B only needs to be wound 1 / 2 circle; 4) the MOSFET S A and MOSFET S B , positive output terminal, negative output terminal and output filter capacitor C o1, output filter capacitor C o2 It can be placed between two adjacent fan-shaped side columns 2, and thus integrated inside the magnetic component without occupying additional layout area. 5) Under this layout, the inductive current on the secondary winding A and the secondary winding B can flow directly from the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal to the load and the output filter capacitor C. o1 , output filter capacitor C o2 , so the current transmission path is shorter and has smaller output terminal loss. Figure 7 The secondary winding passes through only one core window 5. Fig. 9 The secondary winding in the circuit passes through two core windows 5 at the same time, which means that the flux linkage of the secondary coupling is smaller than that of Figure 7 Therefore, when the primary winding has the same number of series turns, Fig. 9 The secondary side arrangement of the transformer ratio is Figure 7 Half the way.

[0044] The integrated rectifier circuit and the two-dimensionally vector-scalable magnetic element and transformer proposed above can also be applied to multi-phase CDR converters. Fig.10 From the schematic diagram of the multi-phase CDR converter given in the figure, it can be seen that the rectification circuit of each phase has the same structure as the full-wave rectification circuit used in LLC, both of which are composed of synchronous rectification MOSFET S A and S B , secondary windings A and B, output filter capacitor C o And the positive / negative output terminals, secondary winding A, MOSFET S A and load R o The capacitor Co forms a series circuit with the load R through the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal. o In parallel, secondary winding B, MOSFET S B and load R o The series circuit is formed, so Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 Winding arrangement method in synchronous rectification MOSFET S A and S B , the arrangement method of the filter capacitor Co and the positive / negative output terminals can be applicable to multi-phase CDR converters.

[0045] According to the above analysis of the magnetic element unit and winding arrangement, for a matrix transformer using m magnetic element units, each magnetic element unit having n magnetic core windows 5, when it has a primary winding with a turns in series and a multi-layer parallel secondary winding passing through b magnetic core windows 5, the transformer transformation ratio N can be given by formula (1). Figure 8The matrix transformer shown uses 4 magnetic element units, each of which has 4 core windows 5. When the number of turns of its primary winding is 1 and each secondary winding passes through only one core window 5, the equivalent transformation ratio N of the transformer is 1 / 16, and when each secondary winding passes through only two core windows 5, the equivalent transformation ratio N is 1 / 8.

[0046]

[0047] Where: v s is the transformer secondary alternating voltage; v p is the transformer primary alternating voltage;

[0048] In addition, for the current output module in the load point power supply, the primary and secondary windings of the above transformer can usually be designed in different layers of the PCB. Among them, the secondary winding is usually designed in one layer of PCB according to the current amplitude of the transmission current. Figure 7 or Fig. 9 A turn of wire is drawn through each core window 5 in the manner given in the above, and a multi-layer parallel connection is used to reduce the parasitic resistance of the secondary winding. As for the primary winding, it can be connected in one layer of PCB according to Figure 8 The winding method given in the figure is used to wind multiple turns, and the primary coil in this layer is usually connected in series. The primary coils between different layers can be connected in series or in parallel according to the design of the LLC converter excitation inductance or the transformer transformation ratio.

[0049] For the proposed four-window magnetic element unit, it has key feature dimensions such as Fig.11 As shown, it includes the radius r of the central magnetic column 1, the window width x, the side column spacing y, and the core base thickness h b , magnetic column height h p The radius of the fan-shaped side column 2 is equal to the radius r of the central magnetic column 1, so the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the four fan-shaped side columns 2 is equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the central magnetic column 1. The thickness of the top magnetic plate is equal to the thickness h of the magnetic core base. b , the side length of the four-window magnetic element unit is represented by L. In the above key characteristic dimensions, the value of the magnetic column radius r is related to the peak magnetic flux B conducted by column 1 in the magnetic core. p Regarding (according to formula (2), where V t is the peak value of the primary voltage of the transformer, N p is the number of turns of the primary coil, f s is the transformer operating frequency, m is the number of magnetic component units used, A e is the effective magnetic cross-sectional area of ​​a magnetic element unit, which is given by the subsequent formula (6). The minimum value of the side column spacing y is determined by the selected rectifier MOSFET package size, positive / negative output terminal size, output filter capacitor package size and component arrangement spacing. Refer to formula (3), where lMOS is the length occupied by all MOSFETs between the two side columns, l co is the length occupied by all output filter capacitors between the two side columns, l pin is the length occupied by all output positive / negative terminals between the two side columns. The relationship between the window width x and the magnetic column radius r and the side column spacing y is given by (4).

[0050]

[0051] y=l MOS +l co +l pin (3)

[0052]

[0053] According to the above definition of key characteristic size, the effective volume V of the proposed four-window magnetic element unit can be further given as e and effective magnetic cross-sectional area A e The expressions are given by equations (5) and (6) respectively. According to the formula, the effective volume V e and effective magnetic cross-sectional area A e The radius of the magnetic column r and the thickness of the magnetic core base h b and the magnetic column height h p Decide.

[0054]

[0055] Based on the proposed two-dimensional vector-scalable four-window magnetic element unit, an LLC matrix transformer is designed. The matrix transformer uses 2 rows and 2 columns of 4 identical four-window magnetic element units, each of which integrates 4 full-wave rectifier circuits with the same layout, for a total of 16-phase secondary synchronous rectifier circuits, such as Fig.12 At the same time, the transformer primary winding uses two layers of PCB coils in parallel, with a total of one turn, and the secondary winding uses two layers of PCB coils in parallel, and each secondary winding only passes through one core window 5, so the transformation ratio N=1 / 16 can be calculated according to formula (1).

[0056] Fig.13 Further given Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the stacking arrangement of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer in the PCB, where Pri represents the primary winding, SecA represents the secondary winding A, and SecB represents the secondary winding B. It can be seen that the primary and secondary windings are arranged alternately in the PCB. At the same time, under the given stacking arrangement, when SecA or SecB is working, the transformer has the same magnetomotive force distribution (MMF).

[0057] In order to further verify the above transformation ratio calculation formula and the effective volume V of the designed four-window magnetic element unit e and effective magnetic conductive area A e The correctness of the formula is verified by 3D finite element analysis, and the designed LLC matrix transformer is simulated. The designed half-bridge LLC converter has an input voltage of 48V, an operating frequency of 1MHz, and an expected output voltage of 1.5V. First, the MAXWELL eddy current field is used to simulate the distribution of the working current density of the primary and secondary sides of the designed matrix transformer. Fig.14 As shown in (a) and (b), it can be seen that the current density distribution of the 16-phase secondary winding has good consistency. Fig.14 (c) shows the distribution of magnetic flux B in the four magnetic element units. The results show that under the designed primary and secondary winding arrangement, the magnetic flux distribution in each magnetic element unit is consistent and uniform. In addition, according to the simulation results, the transformer primary self-inductance is 2.4853uH, the mutual inductance is 0.15404uH, and the secondary self-inductance is 0.0097928uH. Therefore, the transformation ratio can be calculated based on the transformer self-inductance and mutual inductance to be approximately 16.1, which is consistent with the expected value.

[0058] Secondly, the loss of the core is simulated and verified by using the Maxwell transient field. The core material is DMR51W, and the average loss in each working cycle is 0.7646W. In addition, according to formula (5) and formula (6) and the unit volume core loss curve given in the DMR51W material manual, the loss calculation result can be obtained as 0.7456W, which is less than 3% compared with the simulation error of 2.48%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of the core effective parameter calculation method given is effective.

[0059] It is to be understood that the present invention is described by some embodiments, and it is known to those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transformer that integrates a rectifier circuit into a magnetic element and can be two-dimensionally vector-expanded, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of primary windings, a plurality of two-dimensionally vector-expandable four-window magnetic element units and a plurality of rectifier circuits; each magnetic element unit integrates four full-wave rectifier circuits with the same layout, the primary winding is composed of a coil wound around a central magnetic column (1), and the secondary winding of the rectifier circuit is composed of a conductor passing through one or more magnetic core windows (5), and is connected in parallel using a multi-layer PCB.

2. The transformer with a rectifier circuit integrated in a magnetic element and capable of two-dimensional vector expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic element unit comprises a central magnetic column (1), a magnetic core cover plate (3), a magnetic core base (4) and four sector-shaped side columns (2); the four sector-shaped side columns (2) are arranged around the central magnetic column (1); the central magnetic column (1) and the four sector-shaped side columns (2) are connected between the magnetic core cover plate (3) and the magnetic core base (4) arranged in parallel; the sector angle of each sector-shaped side column (2) is 90°, and a magnetic core window (5) is formed with the central magnetic column (1), so that there are a total of four magnetic core windows (5) in the magnetic unit; the number of magnetic element units of the four-window magnetic element unit is expanded along the X-axis and Y-axis directions in a two-dimensional plane coordinate system with the center of the central magnetic column (1) as the origin, so as to form a magnetic core matrix with multiple rows and columns.

3. The transformer with a rectifier circuit integrated in a magnetic element and capable of two-dimensional vector expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the rectifier circuits includes a MOSFET S A MOSFETS B , secondary winding A, secondary winding B, output filter capacitor Co1, output filter capacitor Co2, load R L , positive output terminal and negative output terminal; Secondary winding A, MOSFET S A and load R L The capacitor Co2 is connected to the load R through the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal. L Union; Secondary winding B, MOSFET S B and load R L The second series circuit is formed. Capacitor Co1 is connected to the load R through the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal. L in parallel.

4. The transformer with a rectifier circuit integrated in a magnetic element and capable of two-dimensional vector expansion according to claim 3, characterized in that: In each of the magnetic element units, the secondary winding A or the secondary winding B passes through a magnetic core window (5), so that a four-phase synchronous rectification circuit with the same layout can be integrated in a magnetic element unit with four windows. A and MOSFET S B , positive output terminal, negative output terminal and capacitor C o1 , capacitor C o2 Placed between two adjacent sector-shaped side columns (2), the secondary winding A or the secondary winding B only needs to be wound 1 / 4 of a turn.

5. The transformer with a rectifier circuit integrated in a magnetic element and capable of two-dimensional vector expansion according to claim 4, characterized in that: The four four-window magnetic element units are arranged in a manner that the X-axis and the Y-axis are extended simultaneously. In the transformer formed, the primary winding passes through all the magnetic core windows (5) of the four magnetic element units in sequence from the upper left, the upper right, the lower right, and the lower left to form a complete coil turn, and the central magnetic column (1) of each magnetic unit is allocated 1 / 4 of the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding.

6. The transformer with a rectifier circuit integrated in a magnetic element and capable of two-dimensional vector expansion according to claim 4, characterized in that: The four four-window magnetic element units are arranged in a manner that only extends along the X-axis or the Y-axis. In the transformer formed, the primary winding passes through all the magnetic core windows (5) of the four magnetic element units in sequence along the X-axis or the Y-axis to form a complete coil turn, so that the central magnetic column (1) of each magnetic unit is allocated 1 / 4 of the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding.

7. The transformer with a rectifier circuit integrated in a magnetic element and capable of two-dimensional vector expansion according to claim 3, characterized in that: In each of the magnetic element units, the secondary winding A or the secondary winding B passes through two adjacent magnetic core windows (5), so that a four-phase synchronous rectification circuit with the same layout can be integrated in a magnetic element unit with four windows; the MOSFETS A and MOSFET S B , positive output terminal, negative output terminal and capacitor C o1 , capacitor C o2 Placed between two adjacent sector-shaped side columns (2), the secondary winding A or the secondary winding B only needs to be wound 1 / 2 turn.

8. The transformer with a rectifier circuit integrated in a magnetic element and capable of two-dimensional vector expansion according to claim 3 or 7, characterized in that: For a matrix transformer using m magnetic element units, each of which has n magnetic core windows (5), when it has a primary winding with a turns connected in series and a multi-layer parallel secondary winding passing through b magnetic core windows (5), the transformer transformation ratio N can be given by formula (1): Where: v s is the transformer secondary alternating voltage; v p is the primary alternating voltage of the transformer; The central magnetic column of each magnetic unit receives 1 / m of the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding.

9. The transformer with a rectifier circuit integrated in a magnetic element and capable of two-dimensional vector expansion according to claim 8, characterized in that: The key characteristic dimensions of each of the above-mentioned magnetic element units are: the radius r of the central magnetic column (1), the window width x, the side column spacing y, the thickness h of the magnetic core base (4) b , magnetic column height h p The radius of the fan-shaped side column (2) is equal to the radius r of the central magnetic column (1), and the thickness of the top magnetic plate is equal to the thickness h of the magnetic core base (4). b The side length of the four-window magnetic element unit is represented by L, and the value of the magnetic column radius r is related to the peak magnetic flux B conducted by the central magnetic column (1). p The minimum value of the side column spacing y is determined by the selected rectifier MOSFET package size, positive / negative output terminal size, output filter capacitor package size and component arrangement spacing. The relationship between the window width x and the magnetic column radius r and the side column spacing y is given by (2). According to the above definition of key characteristic size, the effective volume V of the four-window magnetic element unit is given as e and effective magnetic cross-sectional area A e The expressions are given by equations (3) and (4) respectively. According to the formula, the effective volume V e and effective magnetic cross-sectional area A e The radius r of the magnetic column and the thickness h of the magnetic core base (4) are b and the magnetic column height h p Decide; 10. The transformer with a rectifier circuit integrated in a magnetic element and capable of two-dimensional vector expansion according to claim 8, characterized in that: The secondary winding is in a layer of PCB, a turn of wire passes through each magnetic core window (5), and is connected in parallel in multiple layers. The primary winding is wound in multiple turns in a layer of PCB, and the primary coils in this layer are usually connected in series. The primary coils in different layers are selected to be connected in series or in parallel according to the design of the LLC converter excitation inductance or the transformer transformation ratio.

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