Intelligent communication and control system and control method of distributed photovoltaic power grid

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power grid communication and control, and discloses an intelligent communication and control system and control method of a distributed photovoltaic power grid. According to the system and the method, a photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates related numerical values of inverters, a transformer area intelligent fusion terminal obtains power grid state data of a transformer area, calculates voltage-power sensitivity of the transformer area and analyzes the overall power grid state and the state of each inverter, and a communication protocol module calculates communication delay and a data packet loss rate. The power grid monitoring module calculates a power grid abnormal index and provides a monitoring result to the optimization control module, the optimization control module obtains data of an inverter and the power grid monitoring module from the transformer area intelligent fusion terminal, an optimized control strategy is formed by applying a voltage-power sensitivity analysis method, and the power grid abnormal index is calculated by the power grid monitoring module. A reactive power adjusting mode is determined, an optimized control instruction is returned to the transformer area intelligent fusion terminal, and the transformer area intelligent fusion terminal forwards the instruction to the inverter equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power grid communication and control technology, and in particular to an intelligent communication and control system and a control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic grid refers to a system that uses photovoltaic power generation technology to convert solar energy into electrical energy and connect it to the power grid. The system is composed of solar panels, inverters, distribution equipment, monitoring systems and communication facilities. Photovoltaic grids can be divided into two types: centralized and distributed. Centralized photovoltaic power stations are generally large in scale and mainly composed of large photovoltaic battery modules. They are usually located in areas far away from the load center, while distributed photovoltaic systems are usually installed on the top of user buildings to achieve on-site power generation. The main advantages of photovoltaic grids are their renewability, environmental friendliness and sustainability. It can not only reduce dependence on traditional fossil fuels, but also reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which is in line with the goals of global green development and sustainable development.

[0003] Existing technologies are unable to dynamically adjust the power output of photovoltaic inverters according to the state of the power grid in real time and can only rely on regularly updated control instructions, which have slow response speed and poor flexibility. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent communication and control system and control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid, which is capable of converting direct current into alternating current through a photovoltaic inverter module, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, DC voltage Zldy and AC voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to an intelligent fusion terminal in the substation area through a communication protocol. The intelligent fusion terminal in the substation area collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, summarizes and analyzes them, and interfaces with a power grid monitoring module to obtain power grid status data of the entire substation area, calculate the voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm of the substation area, analyze the overall power grid status and the status of each inverter, determine whether adjustment is needed, and issue control instructions to each inverter to adjust power output and reactive power. The communication protocol module defines and implements safe and fast communication The protocol calculates the communication delay Txyc and the packet loss rate Sjdb to ensure the security and efficiency of data interaction and report communication faults in a timely manner. The power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid anomaly index Dwyb, identifies anomalies in the power grid in a timely manner, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis. The optimization control module obtains the data of each inverter and power grid monitoring module from the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment. By calculating the voltage-power sensitivity of the substation, the system can dynamically adjust the power output and reactive power. This feature helps to quickly respond to changes in the power grid state and improve the stability of the photovoltaic power grid, solving the above problems.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an intelligent communication and control system for a distributed photovoltaic power grid, comprising a photovoltaic inverter module, an area intelligent fusion terminal, a communication protocol module, a power grid monitoring module and an optimization control module;

[0008] The photovoltaic inverter module is responsible for converting direct current into alternating current, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, direct current voltage Zldy and alternating current voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation through the communication protocol;

[0009] The substation intelligent fusion terminal collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, summarizes and analyzes them, and interfaces with the grid monitoring module to obtain the grid status data of the entire substation, calculate the substation voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm, analyze the overall grid status and the status of each inverter, determine whether adjustment is required, and issue control instructions to each inverter to adjust power output and reactive power;

[0010] The communication protocol module defines and implements a safe and fast communication protocol, calculates the communication delay Txyc and the packet loss rate Sjdb, ensures the security and efficiency of data interaction, and reports communication failures in a timely manner;

[0011] The power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid abnormality index Dwyb, promptly identifies abnormalities in the power grid, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis;

[0012] The optimization control module obtains data from each inverter and grid monitoring module from the substation intelligent fusion terminal, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the substation intelligent fusion terminal, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment.

[0013] Preferably, the photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the inverter output power Nbgl, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] In the formula, Nbgl represents the inverter output power, Jlsc represents the AC output voltage, and Jldl represents the AC output current. Indicates the phase difference between voltage and current.

[0016] Preferably, the photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the power factor Gldz, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, Gldz represents the power factor, Sjpl represents the actual power, Jlsc represents the AC output voltage, and Jldl represents the AC output current.

[0019] Preferably, the photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the DC voltage Zldy, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0020] Zldy=Clsl*Gfdy-Dldl*Cldz

[0021] In the formula, Zldy represents the DC voltage, Clsl represents the number of solar cells connected in series, Gfdy represents the voltage of each photovoltaic unit at the maximum power point, Dldl represents the short-circuit current, and Cldz represents the series resistance of the photovoltaic module.

[0022] Preferably, the photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the AC voltage Jldy, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, Jldy represents the AC voltage, Jdfz represents the peak value of the AC voltage, and k represents the coefficient reflecting the harmonic distortion.

[0025] Preferably, the area intelligent fusion terminal collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, performs summary analysis, and calculates the area voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, Tqlm represents the voltage-power sensitivity of the substation, ΔDb represents the change in voltage, and ΔGb represents the change in power.

[0028] Preferably, the communication protocol module defines and implements a safe and fast communication protocol, and calculates the communication delay Txyc, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0029] Txyc=Cbyc+Pdyc+Csyc+Clyc

[0030] In the formula, Txyc represents communication delay, Cbyc represents propagation delay, Pdyc represents queuing delay, Csyc represents transmission delay, and Clyc represents processing delay.

[0031] Preferably, the communication protocol module defines and implements a safe and fast communication protocol, and calculates the data packet loss rate Sjdb, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, Sjdb represents the packet loss rate, Dssl represents the number of lost packets, and Fssl represents the total number of sent packets.

[0034] Preferably, the power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid and calculates the power grid abnormality index Dwyb, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0035] Dwyb=f(V,I,Bzgy,Bzpl)

[0036] In the formula, Dwyb represents the grid abnormality index, V represents the set voltage, I represents the set current, Bzgy represents the standard power factor, Bzpl represents the standard frequency, and f represents the judgment function.

[0037] An intelligent communication and control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1, is responsible for converting DC power into AC power through the photovoltaic inverter module, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating the inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, DC voltage Zldy and AC voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to the intelligent fusion terminal in the substation area through the communication protocol;

[0039] S2, the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, summarizes and analyzes them, and interfaces with the grid monitoring module to obtain the grid status data of the entire substation, calculate the voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm of the substation, analyze the overall grid status and the status of each inverter, determine whether adjustment is needed, and issue control instructions to each inverter to adjust the power output and reactive power;

[0040] S3, the communication protocol module defines and implements a safe and fast communication protocol, calculates the communication delay Txyc and the packet loss rate Sjdb, ensures the security and efficiency of data interaction, and reports communication failures in a timely manner;

[0041] S4, the power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid abnormality index Dwyb, promptly identifies abnormalities in the power grid, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis;

[0042] S5. The optimization control module obtains the data of each inverter and grid monitoring module from the substation intelligent fusion terminal, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the substation intelligent fusion terminal, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent communication and control system and control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] The present invention is responsible for converting direct current into alternating current through a photovoltaic inverter module, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating the inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Cldz, direct current voltage Zldy and alternating current voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation through a communication protocol. The intelligent fusion terminal of the substation collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, summarizes and analyzes them, and interfaces with a power grid monitoring module to obtain the power grid status data of the entire substation, calculate the voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm of the substation, analyze the overall power grid status and the status of each inverter, determine whether adjustment is needed, and issue control instructions to each inverter to adjust power output and reactive power. The communication protocol module defines and implements a safe and fast communication protocol, calculates the communication delay Txyc and the data According to the packet loss rate Sjdb, the security and efficiency of data interaction are ensured, and communication faults are reported in time. The power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid abnormality index Dwyb, and promptly identifies abnormalities in the power grid. The monitoring results are provided to the optimization control module for decision analysis. The optimization control module obtains data from each inverter and power grid monitoring module from the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation, and uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determine the reactive power regulation method, and return the optimized control instructions to the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment. By calculating the voltage-power sensitivity of the substation, the system can dynamically adjust the power output and reactive power. This feature helps to quickly respond to changes in the power grid state and improve the stability of the photovoltaic power grid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system flow of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] In view of the problem that the existing technology cannot dynamically adjust the power output of photovoltaic inverters according to the power grid status in real time, and can only rely on regularly updated control instructions, with slow response speed and poor flexibility, an intelligent communication and control system for distributed photovoltaic power grid is proposed. Figure 1 ,The system includes a photovoltaic inverter module, an area intelligent fusion terminal, a communication protocol module, a power grid monitoring module and an optimization control module;

[0049] The photovoltaic inverter module is responsible for converting DC power into AC power, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, and calculating the inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, DC voltage Zldy and AC voltage Jldy, where:

[0050] The inverter output power calculation formula is as follows:

[0051]

[0052] By calculating the output power of the inverter in real time, the power generation performance of the photovoltaic array can be evaluated to ensure that the system operates at the best efficiency. In the formula, Nbgl represents the inverter output power, Jlsc represents the AC output voltage, and Jldl represents the AC output current. Indicates the phase difference between voltage and current. Abnormal changes in output power may indicate inverter failure or PV module performance degradation, so problems can be discovered in time for maintenance.

[0053] The power factor calculation formula is as follows:

[0054]

[0055] The calculation of power factor helps to optimize the utilization of electric energy and avoid energy loss caused by low power factor, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the power grid. In the formula, Gldz represents the power factor, Sjpl represents the actual power, Jlsc represents the AC output voltage, and Jldl represents the AC output current. By adjusting the output power factor of the inverter, the intelligent control system can dynamically adjust the reactive power, optimize the voltage level and reduce line losses.

[0056] The DC voltage calculation formula is as follows:

[0057] Zldy=Clsl*Gfdy-Dldl*Cldz

[0058] Monitoring DC voltage helps ensure that PV modules and batteries are within a safe operating range and prevents damage to the equipment caused by overvoltage or undervoltage. In the formula, Zldy represents the DC voltage, Clsl represents the number of solar cells in series, Gfdy represents the voltage of each PV unit at the maximum power point, Dldl represents the short-circuit current, and Cldz represents the series resistance of the PV module. Stable DC voltage helps maintain the effective operation of the inverter and reduce power fluctuations, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the system.

[0059] The AC voltage calculation formula is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] Real-time calculation of AC voltage helps prevent the inverter output voltage from exceeding the grid requirements and reduces the risk of accidents. In the formula, Jldy represents the AC voltage, Jdfz represents the peak value of the AC voltage, and k represents the coefficient reflecting harmonic distortion. Understanding the trend of AC voltage changes can help the inverter optimize power output and achieve efficient energy exchange with the grid.

[0062] The intelligent fusion terminal in the substation collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, summarizes and analyzes them, and interfaces with the grid monitoring module to obtain the grid status data of the entire substation and calculate the voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm of the substation. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] Voltage-power sensitivity provides the responsiveness of voltage to power changes, and can determine the stability of the power grid when the load changes or the photovoltaic power generation fluctuates. This is crucial to ensure that the power grid maintains reliable operation under dynamic conditions. In the formula, Tqlm represents the voltage-power sensitivity of the substation, Δdb represents the change in voltage, and ΔGb represents the change in power. By analyzing the sensitivity, we can gain an in-depth understanding of the influence of each inverter in the power grid, thereby providing a basis for power dispatching decisions, which enables the system to configure resources more flexibly and achieve optimal energy distribution.

[0065] According to the above calculated values, the overall grid status and the status of each inverter are analyzed to determine whether adjustment is needed, and control instructions are issued to each inverter to adjust power output and reactive power;

[0066] The communication protocol module specifies the rules and methods of data transmission, including data format, signal processing, error detection and correction, data packet sorting and retransmission, etc. The main implementation content includes supporting multiple communication interfaces, encryption algorithm SSL and authentication mechanism OAuth, and calculating communication delay Txyc and data packet loss rate Sjdb;

[0067] The formula is as follows:

[0068] Txyc=Cbyc+Pdyc+Csyc+Clyc

[0069] Calculating and monitoring communication delay can help evaluate the real-time performance of the system and ensure that data can be transmitted in an appropriate time. In the formula, Txyc represents communication delay, Cbyc represents propagation delay, Pdyc represents queuing delay, Csyc represents transmission delay, and Clyc represents processing delay. By analyzing delay data, bottleneck links can be identified, communication links can be optimized, or protocol parameters can be changed to improve overall communication performance.

[0070]

[0071] The packet loss rate can be used to monitor the health of the network in real time, identify areas of network congestion or transmission errors, and optimize accordingly. In the formula, Sjdb represents the packet loss rate, Dssl represents the number of lost packets, and Fssl represents the total number of sent packets. Regular statistics and analysis of the packet loss rate can help improve the data integrity of the entire system and ensure that end users can obtain real and reliable data.

[0072] The power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid abnormality index Dwyb, promptly identifies abnormalities in the power grid, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis, including:

[0073] The calculation formula of power grid abnormality index is as follows:

[0074] Dwyb=f(V,I,Bzgy,Bzpl)

[0075] The calculation of abnormal indicators helps to detect potential fault risks early, supports preventive maintenance and fault location, and predicts and reduces the frequency of equipment failures by analyzing grid operation data. In the formula, dwyb represents the grid abnormal indicator, V represents the set voltage, I represents the set current, Bzgy represents the standard power factor, Bzpl represents the standard frequency, and f represents the judgment function. The abnormal indicators are used to generate early warning information, and the control center and operation and maintenance personnel are notified in time to ensure the safety and continuity of grid operation.

[0076] In specific implementation, the determination function f is a function related to V, I, Bzgy, and Bzpl. The specific expression of the determination function f is obtained through a system self-learning method. The self-learning process adopts a neural network method or a support vector machine method. First, a sample set is constructed based on a known data set including normal and abnormal operation of the power grid, and then a determination function is constructed based on a neural network or a determination function is constructed based on a support vector machine.

[0077] The optimization control module obtains data from each inverter and grid monitoring module from the intelligent fusion terminal in the substation area to achieve a comprehensive analysis and optimization management of the grid operation status. Using the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method, the system can quantitatively evaluate the relationship between voltage changes and power flow, thereby identifying areas with voltage anomalies or unreasonable power distribution in the grid. Based on this analysis, the optimization control module forms a targeted control strategy and makes specific decisions on the adjustment method of reactive power to meet the stability and power quality requirements of the grid. In this process, the optimization control instructions are accurately calculated to ensure real-time response to grid load changes and inverter operation status, thereby maximizing the efficiency of renewable energy while maintaining system balance. Finally, these optimized control instructions will be returned to the intelligent fusion terminal in the substation area, which is responsible for forwarding the instructions to each inverter device to ensure that the inverter can dynamically adjust its reactive power output according to the latest control strategy. Through this intelligent control strategy, the entire power system can better adapt to load fluctuations and changes in grid conditions, improve the stability and reliability of the power system, and protect grid equipment from harsh operating conditions while achieving efficient power transmission.

[0078] See also Figure 2 , an intelligent communication and control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid, comprising the following steps:

[0079] S1, is responsible for converting DC power into AC power through the photovoltaic inverter module, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating the inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, DC voltage Zldy and AC voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to the intelligent fusion terminal in the substation area through the communication protocol;

[0080] S2, the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, summarizes and analyzes them, and interfaces with the grid monitoring module to obtain the grid status data of the entire substation, calculate the voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm of the substation, analyze the overall grid status and the status of each inverter, determine whether adjustment is needed, and issue control instructions to each inverter to adjust the power output and reactive power;

[0081] S3, the communication protocol module defines and implements a safe and fast communication protocol, calculates the communication delay Txyc and the packet loss rate Sjdb, ensures the security and efficiency of data interaction, and reports communication failures in a timely manner;

[0082] S4, the power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid abnormality index Dwyb, promptly identifies abnormalities in the power grid, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis;

[0083] S5. The optimization control module obtains the data of each inverter and grid monitoring module from the substation intelligent fusion terminal, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the substation intelligent fusion terminal, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment.

[0084] By combining the above steps and methods to calculate the voltage-power sensitivity of the substation, the system can dynamically adjust the power output and reactive power. This feature helps to quickly respond to changes in the grid state and improve the stability of the photovoltaic grid.

[0085] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent communication and control system for a distributed photovoltaic power grid, characterized in that: It includes photovoltaic inverter module, intelligent fusion terminal of substation, communication protocol module, power grid monitoring module and optimization control module; The photovoltaic inverter module is responsible for converting direct current into alternating current, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, direct current voltage Zldy and alternating current voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation through the communication protocol; The substation intelligent fusion terminal collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, summarizes and analyzes them, and interfaces with the grid monitoring module to obtain the grid status data of the entire substation, calculate the substation voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm, analyze the overall grid status and the status of each inverter, determine whether adjustment is required, and issue control instructions to each inverter to adjust power output and reactive power; The communication protocol module defines and implements a safe and fast communication protocol, calculates the communication delay Txyc and the packet loss rate Sjdb, ensures the security and efficiency of data interaction, and reports communication failures in a timely manner; The power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid abnormality index Dwyb, promptly identifies abnormalities in the power grid, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis; The optimization control module obtains data from each inverter and grid monitoring module from the substation intelligent fusion terminal, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the substation intelligent fusion terminal, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment.

2. The intelligent communication and control system of a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the inverter output power Nbgl. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Nbgl represents the inverter output power, Jlsc represents the AC output voltage, and Jldl represents the AC output current. Indicates the phase difference between voltage and current.

3. The intelligent communication and control system of a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the power factor Gldz. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Gldz represents the power factor, Sjpl represents the actual power, Jlsc represents the AC output voltage, and Jldy represents the AC output current.

4. The intelligent communication and control system of a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 3, characterized in that: The photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the DC voltage Zldy. The calculation formula is as follows: Zldy=Clsl*Gfdy-Dldl*Cldz In the formula, Zldy represents the DC voltage, Clsl represents the number of solar cells connected in series, Gfdy represents the voltage of each photovoltaic unit at the maximum power point, Dldl represents the short-circuit current, and Cldz represents the series resistance of the photovoltaic module.

5. The intelligent communication and control system of a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 4, characterized in that: The photovoltaic inverter module collects inverter data and calculates the AC voltage Jldy. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Jldy represents the AC voltage, Jdfz represents the peak value of the AC voltage, and k represents the coefficient reflecting the harmonic distortion.

6. The intelligent communication and control system of a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 5, characterized in that: The intelligent fusion terminal of the substation collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, performs summary analysis, and calculates the substation voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Tqlm represents the voltage-power sensitivity of the substation, ΔDb represents the change in voltage, and ΔGb represents the change in power.

7. The intelligent communication and control system of a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 6, characterized in that: The communication protocol module defines and implements a safe and fast communication protocol and calculates the communication delay Txyc. The calculation formula is as follows: Txyc=Cbyc+Pdyc+Csyc+Clyc In the formula, Txyc represents communication delay, Cbyc represents propagation delay, Pdyc represents queuing delay, Csyc represents transmission delay, and Clyc represents processing delay.

8. The intelligent communication and control system of a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 7, characterized in that: The communication protocol module defines and implements a safe and fast communication protocol and calculates the packet loss rate Sjdb. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, Sjdb represents the packet loss rate, Dssl represents the number of lost packets, and Fssl represents the total number of sent packets.

9. The intelligent communication and control system of a distributed photovoltaic power grid according to claim 8, characterized in that: The power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid and calculates the power grid abnormality index Dwyb. The calculation formula is as follows: Dwyb=f(V,I,Bzgy,Bzpl) In the formula, Dwyb represents the grid abnormality index, V represents the set voltage, I represents the set current, Bzgy represents the standard power factor, Bzpl represents the standard frequency, and f represents the judgment function.

10. An intelligent communication and control method for a distributed photovoltaic power grid, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, is responsible for converting DC power into AC power through the photovoltaic inverter module, providing reactive power regulation, collecting inverter data, calculating the inverter output power Nbgl, power factor Gldz, DC voltage Zldy and AC voltage Jldy, and sending the above data to the intelligent fusion terminal in the substation area through the communication protocol; S2, the intelligent fusion terminal of the substation collects data from all photovoltaic inverters, summarizes and analyzes them, and interfaces with the grid monitoring module to obtain the grid status data of the entire substation, calculate the voltage-power sensitivity Tqlm of the substation, analyze the overall grid status and the status of each inverter, determine whether adjustment is needed, and issue control instructions to each inverter to adjust the power output and reactive power; S3, the communication protocol module defines and implements a safe and fast communication protocol, calculates the communication delay Txyc and the packet loss rate Sjdb, ensures the security and efficiency of data interaction, and reports communication failures in a timely manner; S4, the power grid monitoring module continuously monitors various parameters of the power grid, calculates the power grid abnormality index Dwyb, promptly identifies abnormalities in the power grid, and provides the monitoring results to the optimization control module for decision analysis; S5. The optimization control module obtains the data of each inverter and grid monitoring module from the substation intelligent fusion terminal, uses the voltage-power sensitivity analysis method to form an optimized control strategy, determines the reactive power regulation method, and returns the optimized control instructions to the substation intelligent fusion terminal, which then forwards the instructions to the inverter equipment.

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