A unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of unit active power protection and regulation system under power monitoring network security, it is related to water conservancy power regulation technical field, first, accurate speed measurement and adjustment, in combination with the optimization of proportional gain, integral gain and differential gain, can effectively reduce speed error, improve the dynamic response capability and stability of unit.This will ensure that water conservancy power unit maintains the best operating state under variable load and different working conditions, reduces efficiency loss.Secondly, by accurate measurement of water flow, pipe friction loss and temperature loss factor, the mechanical and electrical conversion efficiency of the power generation system can be optimized.This helps to reduce energy consumption, improve overall power generation efficiency, and ensure the economy and stability of system operation.In emergency situations, by accurately measuring valve response time and flow, timely response of emergency shutdown system can be ensured to prevent equipment damage and safety accidents.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water power generation regulation, in particular to a unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security. BACKGROUND

[0002] In modern power systems, water power generating units serve as an important source of electricity, and their stable operation is directly related to the overall safety and reliability of the power grid. However, traditional unit regulation methods face a series of challenges that not only affect the operating efficiency of the unit but also threaten the stability of the power grid. Traditional regulation methods often struggle to cope with load changes and environmental influences, leading to the emergence of some key problems.

[0003] Firstly, the speed regulation of traditional water power generating units often suffers from insufficient precision. This lack of precision is not only due to the simplicity of the regulation algorithm, but also influenced by environmental changes such as water level fluctuations and flow changes. These factors can cause the speed of the unit to mismatch the actual load demand, resulting in fluctuations in power output. Especially during high-load operation, speed regulation errors can cause the unit to work under overload, thereby increasing the friction loss and temperature loss of the equipment. This overload condition not only increases the working pressure of the unit, but also can shorten the service life of the equipment and increase maintenance costs.

[0004] In addition, the response delay in traditional regulation methods is also a significant problem. Due to the hysteresis of the regulation system, the unit is difficult to quickly adapt to the changes in instantaneous load of the power grid, and this delay can cause instability of the power grid frequency and affect the stability of the power system. Friction loss and temperature loss will be even more serious under this delay, further reducing the operating efficiency of the equipment, leading to energy waste and system instability.

[0005] Against this background, the problem of power monitoring network security has become increasingly prominent. With the advancement of power system automation and informatization, network security risks such as malicious attacks and data breaches have become a challenge that cannot be ignored. The security of the power monitoring system directly affects the regulation accuracy and operation reliability of the unit. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the security protection of the power monitoring network to prevent network attacks from having a negative impact on unit regulation and power grid stability.

[0006] In summary, the traditional regulation method of water power generating units has many challenges in terms of precision, response speed, friction loss, and temperature loss, which not only affect the operating efficiency of the unit but also pose a threat to the stability of the power grid. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security is provided to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security is implemented by the following technical solutions: a unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security, comprising a regional division module, a power monitoring module, a hydraulic parameter monitoring module, a network security analysis module and a unit dynamic protection module;

[0009] The regional division module is used to divide the water power generating units into several independent operation regions, and each region contains several generating units and their related auxiliary equipment.

[0010] The power monitoring module is used to monitor the operation state of the hydraulic generating units in multiple regions in real time, including the current, voltage and power generation power of the units in each region, to generate a regional state data set.

[0011] The hydraulic parameter monitoring module is used to monitor the key parameters of water flow Q, water head H and water power generating unit efficiency η of the hydraulic generating units in each region in real time, to generate a hydraulic data set, and to construct a hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs by summarizing the hydraulic data set and the regional state data set, to adjust the unit power output based on the hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs, and to ensure maximum power generation efficiency.

[0012] The network security analysis module is used to analyze the network communication security of the power monitoring system in each region in real time, to identify potential network attacks or data anomalies, to generate a regional network security risk coefficient Nsx by extracting a regional network load coefficient Wlz, a communication delay parameter Tcd and a data integrity index Dwb, and to trigger regional early warning and limit the external interaction of the key control signals of the region if the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx exceeds a safety threshold .

[0013] The unit dynamic protection module is used to collect the adjustment speed error information, the inertia time of the water power generating unit speed regulation system, the speed decay rate and the time information of the water power generating unit in emergency valve shutdown in real time based on the strategy of adjusting the unit power output based on the hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs, to obtain the adjustment speed regulation coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency valve response time Gfxt by deep calculation, and to obtain the calibration index Jzx after associating the adjustment speed regulation coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency valve response time Gfxt, and to evaluate whether the adjustment strategy needs to be corrected.

[0014] Preferably, the regional division module comprises a division unit and a location marking map unit.

[0015] The division unit is used for dividing the power generation units into different regions according to the geographical distribution of the power generation units, and the power generation units with similar geographical positions and shared water resources are preferentially divided into the same region.

[0016] The position marking map unit is used for establishing a map by using a geographic information system (GIS), marking the boundary of each region and the specific position of the power generation unit on the map, and marking the sequence of the several operation regions as Bqy1, Bqy2,..., Bqy n , wherein n represents the number of the operation regions.

[0017] Preferably, the hydraulic parameter monitoring module comprises a temperature loss factor calculation unit, a pipeline friction loss factor calculation unit, a water power generation unit efficiency conversion unit, an efficiency calculation unit and a first adjustment unit.

[0018] The temperature loss factor calculation unit is used for monitoring the water temperature parameter in the operation environment of the water power generation unit, analyzing the influence of the water temperature on the density of water and the power output, and calculating the temperature loss factor by the following formula :

[0019]

[0020]

[0021] In the formula, ρ represents the density of water at a reference temperature T , which is 1000 kg / m³, α represents the thermal expansion coefficient of water, which is set to 2.07×10 −4 C −1 , and T represents the real-time water temperature, T represents the reference temperature, which is set to 4 C.

[0022] The pipeline friction loss factor calculation unit is used for collecting the physical parameters related to the water flow conveying pipeline of the water power generation unit, and calculating the friction loss factor according to the pipeline flow characteristics.

[0023] The steps for obtaining the friction loss factor are as follows:

[0024] Firstly, the Reynolds number Re is calculated by the following formula to judge the flow state of the region, and then the water flow characteristics are evaluated, and the formula is specifically as follows:

[0025]

[0026] In the formula, Re represents the Reynolds number, is the density of water, taking the value of 1000 kg / m³, v is the average velocity of water flow, and D represents the diameter of the pipe, is the dynamic viscosity of water, set to 1.002 x 10 −3 1 Pa·s;

[0027] The size of the Reynolds number Re determines the flow state:

[0028] If the Reynolds number Re < 2000, it is determined that the flow in this region is laminar flow;

[0029] If the Reynolds number Re > 4000, it is determined that the flow in this region is turbulent flow;

[0030] If 2000 ≤ Reynolds number Re ≤ 4000, it is determined that this region is a transition zone;

[0031] When the water flow characteristic is determined to be laminar flow, the Darcy friction factor is calculated by the following formula :

[0032]

[0033] The meaning of the formula is applicable to the case where the water flow in the pipe is laminar flow;

[0034] When the water flow characteristic is determined to be turbulent flow, the Darcy friction factor is calculated by the following formula :

[0035]

[0036] where, represents the roughness of the pipe, taking the following values:

[0037] Smooth metal pipe: Cast iron pipe Concrete pipe: PVC pipe: ; D represents the diameter of the pipe;

[0038] Finally, based on the Darcy friction factor , the pipe friction loss factor is calculated by the following formula :

[0039]

[0040] where L represents the length of the pipe, is the acceleration due to gravity, taking the value of 9.81 m / s², v is the average velocity of water flow, and D represents the diameter of the pipe.

[0041] Preferably, the water power generation unit efficiency conversion unit is used to monitor the running state of the water power generation unit in real time, calculate the actual efficiency of the water power generation unit, and obtain the water power generation unit efficiency η by the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] wherein, ηmax represents the maximum efficiency of the water power generation unit at the optimal speed N represents the actual speed of the water power generation unit, and k represents the efficiency reduction weight coefficient, ηmax represents the degree of deviation of the speed N from the optimal speed, and the greater the speed deviation, the more significant the mechanical efficiency reduction;

[0044] The efficiency calculation unit is used to calculate the temperature loss factor , the friction loss factor , and the water power generation power coefficient Phs after non-dimensional processing of the water power generation unit efficiency η:

[0045]

[0046] wherein, η represents the water power generation unit efficiency, and is between 0 and 1, indicating the system mechanical and electrical conversion efficiency, Pn represents the rated power of the water power generation unit; ρ represents the density of water, and is 1000 kg / m³, g represents the acceleration of gravity, and is 9.81 m / s², Q represents the water flow, and H represents the water head, η represents the temperature loss factor, which is used to represent the influence of temperature on the density and flow rate of water flow; η represents the pipe friction loss factor, which is used to represent the energy loss of water in the pipe due to friction; V represents the voltage of the generator, and I represents the current of the generator, cosφ represents the power factor, which represents the ratio of active power to apparent power;

[0047] The first adjustment unit is used to evaluate the water power generation power coefficient Phs to obtain a first evaluation result, including:

[0048] When the water power generation power coefficient Phs=1, it indicates that the current running efficiency of the water power generation unit is qualified, and at this time, the running parameters do not need to be adjusted;

[0049] When the water power generation power coefficient Phs<1, it indicates that the current running efficiency of the water power generation unit is unqualified, and at this time, a first adjustment strategy is generated, including: adjusting the actual speed N of the water power generation unit based on the formula so that N= Based on the actual head H and flow rate Q, adjust the valve guide vane opening angle by 10-15%.

[0050] When the hydropower generation power coefficient Phs > 1, it indicates that the current operating efficiency of the hydropower generating unit is substandard, and there is an overload on the equipment. At this time, a second regulation strategy is generated, including: based on the formula Adjust the actual speed N of the hydraulic generator unit so that N = Based on the actual head H and flow rate Q, the valve guide vane opening angle is adjusted to be reduced by 10-15%.

[0051] Preferably, the network security analysis module includes a network security acquisition unit, a feature extraction unit, and a first correlation unit;

[0052] The network security data acquisition unit is used to analyze the network communication security of the power monitoring system in various regions in real time, identify potential network attacks or data anomalies, and establish a network dataset.

[0053] The feature extraction unit is used to extract network traffic characteristics, communication delay characteristics, and data packet anomaly characteristics from the network dataset of hydropower generator sets, and to perform in-depth analysis to calculate the regional network load coefficient Wlz, communication delay parameter Tcd, and data integrity index Dwb using the following formulas:

[0054]

[0055]

[0056]

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, Indicates the time of the i-th hydroelectric generator unit The bandwidth used internally, This represents the data transmission time of the i-th hydroelectric generator unit. This represents the total available bandwidth of the network within the area. This indicates the maximum transmission time within the monitoring period. This indicates the total number of hydroelectric generating units within the region;

[0060] This represents the communication delay parameter of the j-th data packet of the i-th hydroelectric generator unit. This represents the transmission delay of the j-th data packet from the i-th hydroelectric generator unit to the target device. represents the queuing delay of the jth data packet of the ith hydroelectric generating set in the network device, represents the jth data packet processing delay of the ith device, represents the distance from the ith hydroelectric generating set to the target device, represents the propagation speed; represents the total number of network devices in the region, represents the total number of data packets processed by the ith network device, represents the total number of data packets of all network devices; represents the loss rate of data packets, represents the error rate of data packets.

[0061] Preferably, the first correlation unit is configured to perform non-dimensional processing on the regional network load coefficient Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd, and the data integrity index Dwb, and obtain the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx through the following correlation formula:

[0062]

[0063] wherein, , and represent the weight coefficients of the regional network load coefficient Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd, and the data integrity index Dwb, which are adjusted and set by the user, and the sum of the weights is 1;

[0064] a preset security threshold , and compare the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx with the security threshold to obtain a second evaluation result, including:

[0065] When the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx is greater than the security threshold , indicating that the water power generating set equipment or network equipment in the region has a network attack risk, data leakage or transmission anomaly risk, a first early warning instruction is generated, including: automatically reducing the network bandwidth usage of the water power generating set equipment in the region by 10% of the traffic load, further dynamically adjusting the bandwidth usage, reducing the bandwidth usage by 5% every 5 minutes, limiting the external transmission of key data, until the network security risk is reduced or the bandwidth is reduced to less than 50%, for the external transmission of key control signals and sensitive data, the system will limit the total amount of transmission to 80% of the original data traffic, for high-risk data packets, such as packets with abnormal marks, preferentially filter and prevent their transmission; the filtering proportion of medium-risk data packets is set to 40%, for all sensitive information and key control signals, the system will enable full encryption transmission, and by default, AES-256 algorithm is used; for general information, standard AES-128 encryption is used to ensure the security of data transmission, and the transmission amount of remote control instructions will be automatically reduced by 50%, and the remaining 50% is limited to local control;

[0066] When the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx≤ safety threshold , indicating that the water power generating set equipment or network equipment in the region has no network attack risk, data leakage or transmission anomaly risk, and continuous monitoring is carried out.

[0067] Preferably, the unit dynamic protection module comprises a rotating speed regulation acquisition unit, a unit stability monitoring unit, an emergency shutdown valve response acquisition unit and a second associated unit;

[0068] The rotating speed regulation acquisition unit is used to monitor the adjustment rotating speed error information and the inertia time of the water power generating set speed regulation system after the first adjustment unit of the power system adjusts, and the adjustment rotating speed regulation coefficient Tzs is calculated by the following formula:

[0069]

[0070] In the formula, represents the proportional gain coefficient, which is used to adjust the proportional part of the rotating speed error, controls the difference between the actual rotating speed and the target rotating speed, represents the optimal rotating speed, and N represents the actual rotating speed, represents the actual adjustment rotating speed error, represents the integral part of the error, represents the accumulation of the rotating speed error over time, reflects the cumulative effect of long-term error, represents the differential gain coefficient, which is used to adjust the rate part of the error change, controls the dynamic response of the rotating speed change, represents the rate of error change, represents the change speed of the rotating speed error, and affects the dynamic response of the system; represents the rate of change of the tail water level, reflects the influence of the change of the tail water level with time on the rotating speed regulation, represents the tail water level adjustment coefficient, represents the inertia time constant adjustment coefficient, represents the inertia time constant of the water power generating unit speed regulation system, and represents the response time of the system to the speed change;

[0071] The unit stability monitoring unit is used for monitoring the speed decay rate of the water power generating unit, the length of the tailrace, and the moment of inertia of the water power generating unit after the first regulating unit of the power system is adjusted, and the unit stability coefficient Gwd is calculated by the following formula:

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] In the formula, represents the speed decay rate of the water power generating unit, represents the optimal speed, and N represents the actual speed, represents the length of the tailrace of the water power generating unit, represents the maximum length of the tailrace of the water power generating unit, represents the moment of inertia of the water power generating unit, represents the maximum value of the moment of inertia; 、 and represents the weight coefficient, which is adjusted and set by the user, and the weight sum is 1.

[0075] Preferably, the emergency shutdown valve response acquisition unit is used for acquiring the time information of the water power generating unit at the emergency shutdown valve, so as to calculate the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt by the following formula:

[0076]

[0077] In the formula, represents the valve opening time, and represents the time required from receiving the opening signal to completely opening the valve; represents the valve closing time, and represents the time required from receiving the closing signal to completely closing the valve, represents the delay adjustment coefficient, which is set as a constant less than 1, represents the maximum flow of the valve in the completely open state, represents the actual flow of the valve when receiving the instruction;

[0078] The second correlation unit is used for dimensionless processing of the regulating speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd, and the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt, and calculating the calibration index Jzx by the following correlation formula:

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, 、 And The weight coefficient is represented as the speed regulation coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt.

[0081] Preferably, the unit dynamic protection module further comprises a correction unit;

[0082] The correction unit is used to preset an error threshold Z, and compare the calibration index Jzx with the error threshold Z to determine whether the error after the adjustment of the first adjustment unit exceeds the error threshold Z, so as to perform error correction, including:

[0083] When the calibration index Jzx is greater than the error threshold Z, it indicates that the error of the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy exceeds the preset error threshold Z allowable range, and the system performance after adjustment is unqualified, and further error correction and adjustment are required, including: correcting the first adjustment strategy to generate a third adjustment strategy, including: based on the formula Adjust the actual speed N of the water power generation unit, so that N= ; and according to the actual water head H and the water flow Q, adjust the valve guide vane opening angle by 15-20%;

[0084] After correcting the second adjustment strategy, a fourth adjustment strategy is generated, including: and according to the actual water head H and the water flow Q, adjust the valve guide vane opening angle by 15-20%;

[0085] When the calibration index Jzx is less than or equal to the error threshold Z, it indicates that the system performance after adjustment is qualified, and further error correction and adjustment are not required, and the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy continue to run.

[0086] The present application provides a kind of based on the active power protection and adjustment system of unit under power monitoring network security.It has the following beneficial effects:

[0087] (1) improve the speed regulation precision: through the real-time monitoring of water flow, water head and other key parameters by the hydraulic parameter monitoring module, the present system can accurately calculate the hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs.The accurate calculation of the hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs allows the system to accurately adjust the unit power output, thereby improving the accuracy of the unit speed regulation.Precise speed regulation reduces the power fluctuation caused by error, reduces the risk of unit overload operation, thereby reducing friction loss and temperature loss.This fine adjustment can effectively prolong the service life of equipment and reduce maintenance cost.

[0088] (2) Reduce response delay: The power monitoring module in the system monitors the current, voltage and power generation of the unit in real time, and analyzes the security of the power monitoring system network communication in combination with the network security analysis module, which can identify potential network attacks or data anomalies. By reducing the response delay, the system can quickly adjust the working state of the unit, reduce the instability of the power grid frequency, and thus reduce the friction loss and temperature loss caused by delay, and improve the overall operating efficiency.

[0089] (3) Enhance network security: The network security analysis module monitors the network security of the power monitoring system in real time, analyzes the regional network load coefficient, communication delay parameter and data integrity index, and generates a regional network security risk coefficient Nsx. When Nsx exceeds the safety threshold , the system will trigger regional warning and limit the external interaction of key control signals in the region. This network security protection measure prevents the impact of malicious attacks and data leakage on unit regulation, ensuring the reliability of the system and the integrity of the data, thereby protecting the overall stability of the power system.

[0090] (4) Dynamic protection and adjustment: The unit dynamic protection module can calculate the regulation speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt by collecting the regulation speed error information, the inertia time of the speed regulation system, the speed decay rate and the response time of the emergency shutdown valve in real time. These parameters are used to optimize the regulation strategy of the unit and are associated with the calibration index Jzx for evaluation to determine whether the strategy needs to be adjusted. This dynamic protection mechanism not only responds to changes in the operating state of the unit in real time, but also quickly adjusts the operating strategy in abnormal situations, further reducing the risk of overload operation and equipment wear and tear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0091] Figure 1 The block diagram flowchart of the unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0092] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0093] Embodiment 1

[0094] Please refer to Figure 1The application provides a unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security, comprising a region division module, a power monitoring module, a hydraulic parameter monitoring module, a network security analysis module and a unit dynamic protection module.

[0095] The region division module is used for dividing the water power generating units into several independent operation regions, each region containing several generating units and their related auxiliary equipment.

[0096] The power monitoring module is used for monitoring the operation state of the hydraulic generating units in multiple regions in real time, including the current, voltage and power generation power of the units in each region, to generate a region state data set.

[0097] The hydraulic parameter monitoring module is used for monitoring the water flow Q, water head H and water power generating unit efficiency η key parameters of the hydraulic generating units in each region in real time, to generate a hydraulic data set, and to construct a hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs by summarizing the hydraulic data set and the region state data set, to adjust the unit power output based on the hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs, and to ensure maximum power generation efficiency.

[0098] The network security analysis module is used for analyzing the network communication security of the power monitoring system in each region in real time, identifying potential network attacks or data abnormal conditions, generating a region network security risk coefficient Nsx by extracting a region network load coefficient Wlz, a communication delay parameter Tcd and a data integrity index Dwb, and triggering a region warning and limiting the external interaction of the key control signals of the region if the Nsx exceeds a safety threshold .

[0099] The unit dynamic protection module is used for collecting the adjustment speed error information, the inertia time of the water power generating unit speed regulation system, the speed decay rate and the time information of the water power generating unit in emergency shutdown valve in real time based on the strategy of adjusting the unit power output based on the hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs, to obtain the adjustment speed regulation coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt by deep calculation, and to obtain the calibration index Jzx after associating the adjustment speed regulation coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt, and to evaluate whether the adjustment strategy needs to be corrected.

[0100] The unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security in the embodiment solves the key problems in the traditional water power generating unit regulation through the comprehensive application of the region division, power monitoring, hydraulic parameter monitoring, network security analysis and unit dynamic protection modules, and has the following beneficial effects:

[0101] Improving the accuracy of speed regulation: By monitoring the key parameters such as water flow and water head in real-time through the hydraulic parameter monitoring module, the system can accurately calculate the hydroelectric power coefficient Phs. The accurate calculation of the hydroelectric power coefficient Phs allows the system to make precise adjustments to the unit's power output, thereby improving the accuracy of the unit's speed regulation. Precise speed regulation reduces power fluctuations caused by errors, reduces the risk of unit overload, and thus reduces friction loss and temperature loss. This fine adjustment can effectively prolong the service life of the equipment and reduce maintenance costs.

[0102] Reducing response delay: The power monitoring module in the system monitors the current, voltage, and power generation of the unit in real time, and analyzes the security of the power monitoring system network communication in combination with the network security analysis module, which can identify potential network attacks or data anomalies. By reducing response delay, the system can quickly adjust the working state of the unit, reduce the instability of the power grid frequency, and thus reduce the friction loss and temperature loss caused by delay, improving the overall operating efficiency.

[0103] Enhancing network security: The network security analysis module monitors the network security of the power monitoring system in real-time, analyzes the regional network load coefficient, communication delay parameter and data integrity index, and generates a regional network security risk coefficient Nsx. When Nsx exceeds the safety threshold , the system will trigger a regional warning and limit the external interaction of the key control signals in that region. This network security protection measure prevents malicious attacks and data leaks from affecting unit regulation, ensuring the reliability of the system and the integrity of the data, thereby protecting the overall stability of the power system.

[0104] Dynamic protection and adjustment: The unit dynamic protection module can calculate the regulation speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd, and the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt by collecting real-time adjustment speed error information, the inertia time of the speed regulation system, the speed decay rate, and the response time of the emergency shutdown valve. These parameters are used to optimize the unit's regulation strategy and are associated with the calibration index Jzx for evaluation to determine whether the strategy needs to be adjusted. This dynamic protection mechanism not only responds to changes in the unit's operating state in real-time, but also quickly adjusts the operating strategy in abnormal situations, further reducing the risk of overload operation and equipment wear and tear.

[0105] Optimizing energy efficiency and reducing energy waste: By comprehensively applying the adjustment of the hydroelectric power coefficient, network security protection, and dynamic protection mechanism, the system can significantly improve the energy efficiency of the unit and reduce energy waste. Precise power regulation and real-time dynamic protection enable the unit to operate in an optimal state, thereby improving power generation efficiency and reducing energy loss caused by equipment overload.

[0106] Example 2

[0107] Please refer to Figure 1 , the area division module includes a division unit and a location marking map unit;

[0108] The division unit is used to divide the power generation units in the same area according to the geographical distribution of the power generation station, so as to realize efficient use of resources and reduce the difficulty of adjustment caused by geographical dispersion. The coordinated work of adjacent power generation units in the same area can maximize the use of shared water resources, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency and reducing the operating cost caused by improper resource scheduling.

[0109] The location marking map unit is used to establish a map by using a geographic information system (GIS), mark the boundaries of each area and the specific location of the power generation units on the map, and mark the sequence of a plurality of operation areas as Bqy1, Bqy2,..., Bqy n , n represents the number of operation areas. This accurate geographic information marking can realize real-time monitoring and management of the power generation units in each area. Through the clear identification on the map, the operator can quickly locate the position of each power generation unit and its belonging area, which facilitates monitoring, fault diagnosis and maintenance operation.

[0110] Embodiment 3

[0111] Please refer to Figure 1 , the hydraulic parameter monitoring module includes a temperature loss factor calculation unit, a pipe friction loss factor calculation unit, a water power generation unit efficiency conversion unit, an efficiency calculation unit and a first adjustment unit;

[0112] The temperature loss factor calculation unit is used to monitor the water temperature parameter in the water power generation unit operating environment, analyze the influence of water temperature on the density of water and power output, and calculate the temperature loss factor by the following formula :

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] In the formula, , represents the density of water at a reference temperature , which is 1000 kg / m³, , is the thermal expansion coefficient of water, which is set to 2.07×10 −4 C −1 , T represents the real-time water temperature, , represents the reference temperature set to 4C; calculated by a density sensor and a temperature sensor;

[0116] The pipeline friction loss factor calculation unit is used to collect physical parameters related to the water flow conveying pipeline of the water conservancy power generation unit, and calculate the friction loss factor according to the pipeline flow characteristics ;

[0117] The friction loss factor is obtained by the following steps:

[0118] First, the Reynolds number Re is calculated by the following formula to determine the flow state of the region and evaluate the water flow characteristics, and the formula is as follows:

[0119]

[0120] In the formula, Re represents the Reynolds number, is the density of water, which is 1000 kg / m³, v is the average speed of water flow, and D represents the diameter of the pipeline, is the dynamic viscosity of water, which is set to 1.002×10 −3 1Pa·s; the above parameters are measured and obtained by a density sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow rate sensor, a turbine sensor and a laser range finder;

[0121] The size of the Reynolds number Re determines the flow state:

[0122] If the Reynolds number Re<2000, it is determined that the flow in this region is laminar flow;

[0123] If the Reynolds number Re>4000, it is determined that the flow in this region is turbulent flow;

[0124] If 2000≤Re≤4000, it is determined that the region is a transition zone;

[0125] When the water flow characteristics are determined to be laminar flow, the Darcy friction factor is calculated and obtained by the following formula :

[0126]

[0127] The meaning of the formula is applicable to the case where the water flow in the pipeline is laminar flow;

[0128] When the water flow characteristics are determined to be turbulent flow, the Darcy friction factor is calculated and obtained by the following formula :

[0129]

[0130] In the formula, represents the roughness of the pipeline, and the value is as follows:

[0131] Smooth metal pipeline: Cast iron pipeline Concrete pipes: PVC pipes: D represents the pipe diameter;

[0132] Finally, based on Darcy friction factor The pipeline friction loss factor can be calculated using the following formula. :

[0133]

[0134] In the formula, L represents the pipe length. The acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m / s², v is the average velocity of the water flow, and D represents the diameter of the pipe.

[0135] In this embodiment, the temperature loss factor calculation unit monitors water temperature in real time and calculates its impact on water density and power output, enabling precise assessment of the impact of temperature changes on power generation efficiency. Specifically, the calculation of the temperature loss factor can adjust power output parameters in real time, thereby optimizing the actual power output of the generator set and avoiding power losses caused by temperature changes. This precise adjustment ensures maximum power generation efficiency and effectively addresses the impact of ambient temperature fluctuations.

[0136] The pipeline friction loss factor calculation unit assesses water flow characteristics by calculating the Reynolds number and calculates the friction loss factor based on different flow states (laminar, turbulent, or transition zones). This process helps operators understand the actual flow conditions in the pipeline, thereby optimizing pipeline design and operation and maintenance. By accurately calculating the friction loss factor, pipeline design can be improved or suitable pipeline materials can be selected, reducing energy waste caused by friction losses and improving the overall system operating efficiency.

[0137] Accurate calculation of temperature loss factors and friction loss factors helps improve the stability of system operation. Temperature changes and pipeline friction losses directly affect the power output and operating status of the unit. By monitoring and adjusting these factors in real time, system fluctuations can be reduced, system stability and reliability can be improved, and equipment failure rates and maintenance costs can be lowered. Precise calculation of temperature loss factors and friction loss factors enables the system to manage energy input and output more effectively, reducing energy waste. Especially in large-scale hydropower systems, the cumulative effect of friction losses and temperature losses can significantly increase operating costs. By optimizing the management of these loss factors, the system can reduce unnecessary energy consumption, thereby lowering overall operating costs and improving economic efficiency.

[0138] Example 4

[0139] Please see Figure 1, the water power generation unit efficiency conversion unit is used for real-time monitoring of the running state of the water power generation unit, calculating the actual efficiency of the water power generation unit, calculating the water power generation unit efficiency η by the following formula:

[0140]

[0141] In the formula, represents the maximum efficiency of the water power generation unit at the optimal speed , N represents the actual speed of the water power generation unit, k represents the efficiency reduction weight coefficient, represents the degree of deviation of the speed N from the optimal speed, the greater the speed deviation, the more significant the mechanical efficiency decreases; the upper and lower parameters are collected by the speed sensor;

[0142] The efficiency calculation unit is used for non-dimensional processing of the temperature loss factor , the friction loss factor , and the water power generation power coefficient Phs is calculated by the following formula:

[0143]

[0144] In the formula, is the water power generation unit efficiency, between 0-1, indicating the system mechanical and electrical conversion efficiency, represents the rated power of the water power generation unit; is the density of water, taking the value of 1000 kg / m³, is the acceleration of gravity, taking the value of 9.81 m / s², Q is the water flow, and H is the water head, is the temperature loss factor, which is used to represent the influence of temperature on the density and flow rate of water flow; is the pipe friction loss factor, which is used to represent the energy loss of water in the pipe due to friction; V is the voltage of the generator, I is the current of the generator, is the power factor, which represents the ratio of active power to apparent power; the above data is measured by voltage sensor, current sensor, power sensor, flowmeter, temperature sensor and pressure sensor;

[0145] The first adjusting unit is used for evaluating the water power generation power coefficient Phs to obtain a first evaluation result, including:

[0146] When the water power generation power coefficient Phs=1, it means that the current running efficiency of the water power generation unit is qualified, and at this time the running parameter does not need to be adjusted;

[0147] When the water power generation power coefficient Phs<1, it means that the current running efficiency of the water power generation unit is unqualified, and at this time a first adjusting strategy is generated, including: based on the formula adjusting the actual rotational speed N of the water conservancy power generation unit to N = N 0 * (1 + 0.1) and adjusting the valve guide vane opening angle to increase by 10-15% according to the actual water head H and water flow Q;

[0148] When the hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs > 1, it indicates that the current operation efficiency of the water conservancy power generation unit is unqualified, and there is an overload situation for the equipment. At this time, a second adjustment strategy is generated, including: based on the formula adjusting the actual rotational speed N of the water conservancy power generation unit to N = N 0 * (1 + 0.1) and adjusting the valve guide vane opening angle to increase by 10-15% according to the actual water head H and water flow Q;

[0149] In this embodiment, the water conservancy power generation unit efficiency conversion unit calculates the actual efficiency of the water conservancy power generation unit by real-time monitoring the operation state of the unit. This accurate efficiency evaluation can accurately reflect the performance of the unit under the current operating conditions, helping to find the reasons for the efficiency decline in time. The actual efficiency η calculated by the formula takes into account the influence of speed deviation on efficiency, ensuring accurate evaluation of the operation condition of the unit. The efficiency calculation unit calculates the hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs by comprehensively considering the temperature loss factor, friction loss factor and actual efficiency η. This coefficient reflects the actual working efficiency and energy conversion of the hydraulic power generation system. Adjusting the power output according to the calculation result can optimize the working state of the power generation unit and ensure that the power generation efficiency reaches the expected level, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the overall power generation system. The first adjustment unit generates the corresponding adjustment strategy according to the evaluation result of the hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs. By dynamically adjusting the actual rotational speed N of the unit and the valve guide vane opening angle, the power generation efficiency can be quickly responded. If Phs < 1, it indicates that the operation efficiency is low, and the adjustment strategy will increase the speed and valve opening to improve the power generation efficiency; if Phs > 1, it indicates that the unit may be overloaded, and the adjustment strategy will reduce the speed and valve opening to avoid equipment damage. Real-time adjustment of the operation parameters of the unit helps to maintain the stability of the system. When the operation efficiency of the unit reaches the optimal level, the power generation system can more stably cope with load changes and reduce the frequency fluctuations of the power grid caused by unqualified efficiency.

[0150] Embodiment 5

[0151] Please refer to Figure 1 , the network security analysis module includes a network security acquisition unit, a feature extraction unit and a first association unit;

[0152] The network security acquisition unit is used to analyze the network communication security of the regional power monitoring system in real time, identify potential network attacks or data anomalies, and establish a network data set;

[0153] ​​The feature extraction unit is used to extract network traffic characteristics, communication delay characteristics, and data packet anomaly characteristics from the network dataset of hydropower generator sets, and to perform in-depth analysis to calculate the regional network load coefficient Wlz, communication delay parameter Tcd, and data integrity index Dwb using the following formulas:

[0154]

[0155]

[0156]

[0157]

[0158]

[0159] In the formula, Indicates the time of the i-th hydroelectric generator unit The bandwidth used internally, This represents the data transmission time of the i-th hydroelectric generator unit. This represents the total available bandwidth of the network within the area. This indicates the maximum transmission time within the monitoring period. This indicates the total number of hydroelectric generating units within the region;

[0160] This represents the communication delay parameter of the j-th data packet of the i-th hydroelectric generator unit. This represents the transmission delay of the j-th data packet from the i-th hydroelectric generator unit to the target device. This indicates the queuing delay of the j-th data packet from the i-th hydroelectric generator unit in the network device. This indicates the processing delay of the i-th device for the j-th data packet. This represents the distance from the i-th hydroelectric generator unit to the target equipment. Indicates the speed of propagation; This indicates the total number of network devices in the area. This represents the total number of data packets processed by the i-th network device. This represents the total number of data packets across all network devices. Indicates the packet loss rate. This indicates the packet error rate. These parameters are obtained through network traffic monitoring tools, network latency testing tools such as ping tools or dedicated latency testing instruments, network packet loss rate monitoring tools, and network error detection tools.

[0161] The first correlation unit is configured to calculate the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx by the following correlation formula after dimensionless processing of the regional network load coefficient Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd and the data integrity index Dwb:

[0162]

[0163] In the formula, , and are weight coefficients of the regional network load coefficient Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd and the data integrity index Dwb, which are adjusted and set by a user, and the weight sum is 1;

[0164] The preset security threshold is compared with the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx to obtain a second evaluation result, including:

[0165] When the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx is greater than the security threshold , it indicates that the water power generation unit equipment or network equipment in the region has a network attack risk, a data leakage or transmission abnormality risk, a first warning instruction is generated, including automatically reducing the network bandwidth usage of the water power generation unit equipment in the region by 10% of the traffic load, further dynamically adjusting the bandwidth usage, and reducing the external transmission of the bandwidth key data by 5% every 5 minutes until the network security risk is reduced or the bandwidth is reduced to less than 50%. For the external transmission of the key control signal and sensitive data, the system will limit the total amount of transmission to 80% of the original data flow. For high-risk data packets, such as packets with abnormal marks, they are preferentially filtered and prevented from being transmitted. The filtering proportion of medium-risk data packets is set to 40%. For all sensitive information and key control signals, the system will enable full encryption transmission, which defaults to the AES-256 algorithm. For general information, the standard AES-128 encryption is adopted to ensure the security of the data transmission process. The system will automatically reduce the transmission amount of remote control instructions by 50%, and the remaining 50% is limited to local control.

[0166] When the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx is less than or equal to the security threshold , it indicates that the water power generation unit equipment or network equipment in the region does not have a network attack risk, a data leakage or transmission abnormality risk, and continuous monitoring is performed.

[0167] ​In this embodiment, the network security acquisition unit can analyze the network communication security of the power monitoring system in real time, identify potential network attacks or data anomalies. This real-time monitoring capability ensures that the system can quickly respond and handle potential security threats, thereby protecting the power system from malicious attacks or data breaches. The feature extraction unit extracts network traffic features, communication delay features and packet anomaly features by deeply analyzing the network data set. By calculating the regional network load coefficient Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd and the data integrity index Dwb, the system can comprehensively understand the health status of the network, timely discover and locate possible network bottlenecks, delay problems and data integrity risks. By dynamically adjusting the network bandwidth and data transmission strategy, the system can maintain the stability and reliability of the power monitoring system when facing network security risks. Ensure the safe transmission of critical control signals and sensitive data to avoid system failure or data loss caused by network attacks.

[0168] Embodiment 6

[0169] Please refer to Figure 1 , the unit dynamic protection module includes a speed regulation acquisition unit, a unit stability monitoring unit, an emergency shutdown valve response acquisition unit and a second associated unit;

[0170] The speed regulation acquisition unit is used to monitor the adjustment speed error information and the inertia time of the water power generating unit speed regulation system after the first adjustment unit of the power system is adjusted. The adjustment speed regulation coefficient Tzs is calculated by the following formula:

[0171]

[0172] In the formula, represents the proportional gain coefficient, which is used to adjust the proportional part of the speed error, controls the difference between the actual speed and the target speed, represents the optimal speed, N represents the actual speed, represents the actual adjustment speed error, represents the integral part of the error, represents the accumulation of the speed error over time, reflects the cumulative effect of long-term error, represents the differential gain coefficient, which is used to adjust the rate part of the error change, controls the dynamic response of the speed change, represents the rate of error change, represents the speed of the speed error change, affects the dynamic response of the system; represents the rate of tail water level change, reflects the influence of the change of tail water level with time on the speed regulation, represents the tail water level adjustment coefficient, represents the inertia time constant adjustment coefficient, Inertia time constant of the speed governing system of the hydroelectric generating set, representing the response time of the system to the change of the speed; through the speed sensor, without a special sensor, the integral calculation is usually completed in the control system or the data processing module, and the tail water level sensor is monitored and acquired;

[0173] The unit stability monitoring unit is used for monitoring the speed attenuation rate of the hydroelectric generating set, the length of the tailrace and the rotational inertia of the hydroelectric generating set after the first adjustment of the power system regulating unit, and calculating the unit stability coefficient Gwd through the following formula:

[0174]

[0175]

[0176] In the formula, representing the speed attenuation rate of the hydroelectric generating set, representing the optimal speed, N representing the actual speed, representing the length of the tailrace of the hydroelectric generating set, measured by a laser range finder, representing the maximum length of the tailrace of the hydroelectric generating set, representing the rotational inertia of the hydroelectric generating set, representing the maximum value of the rotational inertia; 、 and representing the weight coefficient.

[0177] Preferably, the emergency shutdown valve response acquisition unit is used for acquiring the time information of the hydroelectric generating set at the emergency shutdown valve, so as to calculate the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt through the following formula:

[0178]

[0179] In the formula, representing the valve opening time, representing the time required from receiving the opening signal to completely opening the valve; representing the valve closing time, representing the time required from receiving the closing signal to completely closing the valve, representing the delay adjustment coefficient, which is set as a constant less than 1, representing the maximum flow of the valve in the completely open state, representing the actual flow of the valve when receiving the instruction; the above parameters are calculated by a timer;

[0180] The second correlation unit is used for correlating the regulating speed adjusting coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt, and calculating the calibration index Jzx through the following correlation formula after dimensionless processing:

[0181]

[0182] In the formula, 、 and The weight coefficients are the adjustment speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt.

[0183] Preferably, the unit dynamic protection module further comprises a correction unit;

[0184] The correction unit is used to preset an error threshold Z, and compare the calibration index Jzx with the error threshold Z to determine whether the error after the adjustment of the first adjustment unit exceeds the error threshold Z, so as to perform error correction, including:

[0185] When the calibration index Jzx is greater than the error threshold Z, it indicates that the error of the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy exceeds the preset error threshold Z allowable range, and the system performance after adjustment is unqualified, and further error correction and adjustment are required, including: correcting the first adjustment strategy to generate a third adjustment strategy, including: based on the formula Adjusting the actual speed N of the water conservancy generating unit, so that N= ; and according to the actual water head H and the water flow Q, adjusting the valve guide vane opening angle by 15-20%;

[0186] After correcting the second adjustment strategy, a fourth adjustment strategy is generated, including: and according to the actual water head H and the water flow Q, adjusting the valve guide vane opening angle by 15-20% lower;

[0187] When the calibration index Jzx is less than or equal to the error threshold Z, it indicates that the system performance after adjustment is qualified, and further error correction and adjustment are not required, and the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy continue to run.

[0188] In this embodiment, the rotating speed adjustment acquisition unit can monitor the rotating speed error information after adjustment and the inertia time of the speed regulation system in real time, calculate the rotating speed adjustment coefficient Tzs using the formula, and ensure the accuracy and stability of the rotating speed adjustment. By adjusting the proportional gain coefficient, the integral gain coefficient, and the differential gain coefficient and other parameters, the dynamic response to the rotating speed error is realized, and the gap between the actual rotating speed and the target rotating speed is effectively controlled. The unit stability monitoring unit monitors the rotating speed decay rate, the tailrace length, and the moment of inertia by calculating the unit stability coefficient Gwd, and evaluates the stability of the unit under different operating conditions. Through the calculation of the stability coefficient, potential stability problems can be identified in a timely manner, and appropriate measures can be taken to ensure the operating stability of the unit. The emergency shutdown valve response acquisition unit calculates the response time Gfxt of the emergency shutdown valve to ensure that the opening and closing of the valve can respond quickly in an emergency, effectively avoiding the risks caused by delayed response. Based on the calculation of the actual flow and the maximum flow of the valve, the control of the valve is optimized to ensure the safety and reliability of the system in emergency situations. The unit dynamic protection module is closely related to the first adjustment unit, and through real-time monitoring and correction, it ensures that the adjustment strategy of the first adjustment unit can be accurately implemented and achieve the expected effect. The error correction mechanism of the correction unit can optimize and adjust the strategy of the first adjustment unit according to the actual situation, ensuring the stable operation of the system in a dynamic environment.

[0189] The size of the threshold is set for easy comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the number of sample data and the base number set by the person skilled in the art for each group of sample data; as long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameters and the quantized values.

[0190] It is particularly pointed out that the formula calculated in the application file is calculated after the lower parameter is dimensionless, which can convert different parameters into the same standard scale, making the parameters under different systems and conditions comparable.

[0191] The above formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data for software simulation and selecting a formula close to the true value. The coefficients in the formula are set by the person skilled in the art according to the actual situation. The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or changes to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present application within the technical scope disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A system for protection and regulation of active power of a unit under cyber security based on power monitoring network, characterized in that: The system comprises a region division module, a power monitoring module, a hydraulic parameter monitoring module, a network security analysis module and a unit dynamic protection module. The region division module is used for dividing the water conservancy generating units into several independent operation regions, each region containing several generating units and their related auxiliary equipment. The power monitoring module is used for monitoring the operation state of the hydraulic generating units in multiple regions in real time, including the current, voltage and power generation of the units in each region, to generate a region state data set. The hydraulic parameter monitoring module is used for monitoring the key parameters of the water flow Q, water head H and water conservancy generating unit efficiency η of the hydraulic generating units in each region in real time, to generate a hydraulic data set, and through the aggregation of the hydraulic data set and the region state data set, a hydraulic power generation coefficient Phs is constructed, based on which the unit power output is adjusted to ensure the maximum power generation efficiency. The network security analysis module is used for real-time analysis of network communication security of the regional power monitoring system, identification of potential network attacks or data abnormal conditions, extraction of regional network load coefficient Wlz, communication delay parameter Tcd and data integrity index Dwb, generation of regional network security risk coefficient Nsx, and triggering of regional early warning and limitation of external interaction of key control signals of the region if the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx exceeds a safety threshold . The unit dynamic protection module is used for collecting the adjustment speed error information, the inertia time of the water conservancy generating unit speed regulation system, the speed attenuation rate and the time information of the water conservancy generating unit in emergency shutdown valve in real time based on the adjustment strategy of the unit power output based on the hydraulic power generation coefficient Phs, and through deep calculation, the adjustment speed regulation coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt are obtained, and after the adjustment speed regulation coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd and the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt are associated to obtain the calibration index Jzx, the calibration index Jzx is evaluated to determine whether the adjustment strategy needs to be corrected.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is based on power monitoring network security. The region division module comprises a division unit and a location marking map unit. The division unit is used for dividing the generating units with similar geographical positions and shared water resources into the same region according to the geographical distribution of the power stations. The position marking map unit is used to establish a map by using a geographic information system (GIS), mark the boundary of each region and the specific position of the generator set on the map, and sequentially mark a plurality of operation regions as Bqy1, Bqy2,..., Bqyn. n n represents the number of operation regions.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is based on power monitoring network security. The hydraulic parameter monitoring module comprises a temperature loss factor calculation unit, a pipe friction loss factor calculation unit, a water conservancy generating unit efficiency conversion unit, an efficiency calculation unit and a first adjustment unit. The temperature loss factor calculation unit is used for monitoring the water temperature parameter in the water power generation unit operation environment, analyzing the influence of the water temperature on the density and power output of water, and calculating the temperature loss factor through the following formula : ； ； wherein denotes the density of water at the reference temperature of 1000 kg / m³, is the thermal expansion coefficient of water, set to 2.07 x 10 −4 °C −1 T denotes the real-time water temperature, denotes a reference temperature set to 4°C; The pipeline friction loss factor calculation unit is used to collect physical parameters related to the water flow conveying pipeline of the water conservancy power generation unit, and calculate the friction loss factor according to the pipeline flow characteristics ; The friction loss factor The acquisition step is: Firstly, the Reynolds number Re is calculated by the following formula to judge the flow state of the region, and then the water flow characteristics are evaluated, and the formula is as follows: ； wherein Re represents the Reynolds number, is the density of water, taken as 1000 kg / m3, v is the average velocity of the water flow, and D represents the diameter of the pipe, is the dynamic viscosity of water, taken as 1.002 x 10 −3 1 Pa-s; The size of the Reynolds number Re determines the flow state: If the Reynolds number Re < 2000, it is judged that the flow in the region is laminar flow; If the Reynolds number Re > 4000, it is judged that the flow in the region is turbulent flow; If 2000 ≤ Reynolds number Re ≤ 4000, it is judged that the region is a transition zone; When the water flow characteristic is judged as laminar flow, the Darcy friction factor is calculated by the following equation : ； The formula is suitable for the case that the water flow in the pipe is laminar flow. When the water flow characteristic is judged as turbulent flow, the Darcy friction factor is calculated by the following equation : ； wherein represents the roughness of the pipe, and takes the following values: Smooth metal pipe: Cast iron pipe Concrete pipe: PVC pipe: ; D represents the pipe diameter; Finally, the pipe friction loss factor is calculated based on the Darcy friction factor by the following equation : ； where L represents the length of the pipe, is the acceleration due to gravity, which has a value of 9.81 m / s2, v is the average velocity of the water flow, and D represents the diameter of the pipe.

4. The water power generating unit active power protection and regulation system based on power monitoring network security according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water conservancy generating unit efficiency conversion unit is used for monitoring the operation state of the water conservancy generating unit in real time, calculating the actual efficiency of the water conservancy generating unit, and calculating the water conservancy generating unit efficiency η by the following formula: ； In the formula, represents the maximum efficiency of the hydroelectric generator set at the optimal rotating speed , N represents the actual rotating speed of the hydroelectric generator set, k represents the efficiency reduction weight coefficient, represents the degree of deviation of the rotating speed N from the optimal rotating speed. The greater the rotating speed deviation, the more significant the mechanical efficiency reduction. The efficiency calculation unit is configured to calculate the temperature loss factor , the friction loss factor After the non-dimensional processing of the hydraulic generator set efficiency η, the hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs is calculated by the following formula: ； wherein, is the efficiency of the hydroelectric generator set, between 0 and 1, representing the mechanical and electrical conversion efficiency of the system, represents the rated power of the hydroelectric generator set; is the density of water, taking the value of 1000 kg / m³, is the gravitational acceleration, taking the value of 9.81 m / s², Q is the water flow rate, and H is the water head, is the temperature loss factor, used to represent the effect of temperature on the density and flow rate of water; is the pipe friction loss factor, used to represent the energy loss of water in the pipe due to friction; V is the voltage of the generator, and I is the current of the generator, is the power factor, representing the ratio of active power to apparent power; The first adjustment unit is used for evaluating the hydraulic power generation coefficient Phs to obtain a first evaluation result, including: When the hydraulic power generation coefficient Phs = 1, it means that the current operation efficiency of the water conservancy generating unit is qualified, and at this time, the operation parameters do not need to be adjusted. When the hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs<1, it indicates that the current operation efficiency of the water power generation unit is unqualified, at this time the first adjustment strategy is generated, including: based on the formula adjusting the actual speed N of the water power generation unit, so that N= ; and according to the actual water head H and the water flow Q, adjusting the valve guide vane opening angle by 10-15%. When the hydraulic power generation power coefficient Phs>1, it indicates that the current operation efficiency of the water power generation unit is unqualified, and there is an overload situation for the equipment. At this time, a second adjustment strategy is generated, including: adjusting the actual speed N of the water power generation unit, so that N= ; and according to the actual water head H and the water flow Q, adjusting the valve guide vane opening angle by 10-15%.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is based on power monitoring network security for unit active power protection and regulation. The network security analysis module comprises a network security acquisition unit, a feature extraction unit and a first association unit. The network security acquisition unit is used for real-time analysis of network communication security of the regional power monitoring system, identification of potential network attacks or data abnormal conditions, and establishment of a network data set; The feature extraction unit is used for extraction of network flow characteristics, communication delay characteristics, and data packet abnormality characteristics of the water power generating set in the network data set, and deep analysis and calculation of the regional network load coefficient Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd, and the data integrity index Dwb through the following formula: ； ； ； ； ； wherein represents the bandwidth used by the i-th hydroelectric power unit in time period, represents the data transfer time of the i-th hydroelectric power unit, represents the total available bandwidth of the network in the region, represents the maximum transfer time in the monitoring period, represents the total number of hydroelectric power units in the region; communication delay parameter of the jth data packet of the ith hydroelectric generating set, transmission delay of the jth data packet of the ith hydroelectric generating set from the hydroelectric generating set to the target device, queuing delay of the jth data packet of the ith hydroelectric generating set in the network device, processing delay of the jth data packet by the ith device, distance from the ith hydroelectric generating set to the target device, propagation speed; total number of network devices in the region, total number of data packets processed by the ith network device, total number of data packets of all network devices; loss rate of data packets, error rate of data packets.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the system is based on power monitoring network security for unit active power protection and regulation. The first correlation unit is used for non-dimensional processing of the regional network load coefficient Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd, and the data integrity index Dwb, and calculation of the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx through the following correlation formula: ； wherein , and represent weight coefficients for the zone network load factor Wlz, the communication delay parameter Tcd, and the data integrity index Dwb. Pre-set security threshold and comparing the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx with a security threshold to obtain a second evaluation result, comprising: When the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx > security threshold , indicating that the water power generating set equipment or network equipment in the region has a network attack risk, data leakage or transmission abnormal risk, generate the first early warning instruction, including: automatically reduce the network bandwidth usage of the water power generating set equipment in the region by 10% of the traffic load, further dynamically adjust the bandwidth usage, reduce the bandwidth key data transmission by 5% every 5 minutes, until the network security risk is reduced or the bandwidth is reduced to below 50%, for the external transmission of critical control signals and sensitive data, the system will limit the total amount of transmission to 80% of the original data flow, for high-risk data packets, such as packets with abnormal marks, preferentially filter and prevent transmission; the filtering proportion of medium-risk data packets is set to 40%, for all sensitive information and critical control signals, the system will enable full encryption transmission, defaulting to AES-256 algorithm; for general information, standard AES-128 encryption is adopted to ensure the security of data transmission, which will automatically reduce the transmission amount of remote control instructions by 50%, and the remaining 50% is limited to local control; When the regional network security risk coefficient Nsx is less than or equal to the security threshold , it indicates that the water power generator set equipment or network equipment in the region does not have a network attack risk, a data leakage or transmission anomaly risk, and monitoring is continuously carried out.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is based on power monitoring network security for unit active power protection and regulation. The unit dynamic protection module includes a rotating speed adjustment acquisition unit, a unit stability monitoring unit, an emergency shutdown valve response acquisition unit, and a second correlation unit. The rotating speed adjustment acquisition unit is used for real-time monitoring of adjustment rotating speed error information and inertia time of the water power generating set speed regulation system after adjustment of the first adjustment unit of the power system, and calculation of the adjustment rotating speed adjustment coefficient Tzs through the following formula: ； In the formula, represents the proportional gain coefficient, used to adjust the proportional part of the speed error, controls the difference between the actual speed and the target speed, represents the optimal speed, N represents the actual speed, represents the actual adjustment speed error, represents the integral part of the error, represents the accumulation of speed error over time, reflects the cumulative effect of long-term error, represents the differential gain coefficient, used to adjust the rate part of the error change, controls the dynamic response of speed change, represents the rate of change of error, represents the speed of change of speed error, affects the dynamic response of the system; represents the rate of change of tail water level, reflects the influence of the change of tail water level with time on the speed regulation, represents the tail water level adjustment coefficient, represents the inertia time constant adjustment coefficient, represents the inertia time constant of the hydroelectric generator set speed regulation system, represents the response time of the system to speed change; The unit stability monitoring unit is used for monitoring of the rotating speed attenuation rate, the tailrace length, and the water power generating set moment of inertia of the water power generating set after adjustment of the first adjustment unit of the power system, and calculation of the unit stability coefficient Gwd through the following formula: ； ； wherein represents the rotational speed decay rate of the hydroelectric generator set, represents the optimal rotational speed, N represents the actual rotational speed, represents the length of the tailrace of the hydroelectric generator set, represents the maximum length of the tailrace of the hydroelectric generator set, represents the moment of inertia of the hydroelectric generator set, represents the maximum value of the moment of inertia; , and represents the weight coefficient.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the system is based on power monitoring network security. The emergency shutdown valve response acquisition unit is used for acquisition of time information of the water power generating set at the emergency shutdown valve, and calculation of the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt through the following formula: ； wherein denotes the valve opening time, which denotes the time required for the valve to fully open from the moment the opening signal is received; denotes the valve closing time, which denotes the time required for the valve to fully close from the moment the closing signal is received, denotes the delay adjustment coefficient, which is set as a constant less than 1, denotes the maximum flow rate of the valve in the fully open condition, denotes the actual flow rate of the valve at the moment the command is received; The second correlation unit is used for non-dimensional processing of the adjustment rotating speed adjustment coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd, and the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt, and calculation of the calibration index Jzx through the following correlation formula: ； In the formula, , and represent the weight coefficients of the speed regulation coefficient Tzs, the unit stability coefficient Gwd, and the emergency shutdown valve response time Gfxt.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the system is based on power monitoring network security. The unit dynamic protection module further includes a correction unit. The correction unit is used for presetting of an error threshold Z and comparison of the calibration index Jzx with the error threshold Z to determine whether the error after adjustment of the first adjustment unit exceeds the error threshold Z, so as to perform error correction, including: When the calibration index Jzx is greater than the error threshold Z, it indicates that the errors of the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy exceed the preset error threshold Z allowable range, the performance of the adjusted system is unqualified, and further error correction and adjustment are required, including: correcting the first adjustment strategy to generate a third adjustment strategy, including: based on the formula Adjusting the actual speed N of the water conservancy generator set, so that N= ; and according to the actual water head H and the water flow Q, the valve guide vane opening angle is increased by 15-20%. After correction of the second adjustment strategy, a fourth adjustment strategy is generated, including adjustment of the valve guide vane opening angle by 15%-20% according to the actual water head H and water flow Q; When the calibration index Jzx is less than or equal to the error threshold Z, it indicates that the system performance after adjustment is qualified, and no further error correction and adjustment are needed, and the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy are continued to be run.

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